CN108506070A - 用于监测scr催化剂的还原剂输送性能的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于监测scr催化剂的还原剂输送性能的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN108506070A
CN108506070A CN201810134568.0A CN201810134568A CN108506070A CN 108506070 A CN108506070 A CN 108506070A CN 201810134568 A CN201810134568 A CN 201810134568A CN 108506070 A CN108506070 A CN 108506070A
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reducing agent
pressure
duty ratio
transportation performance
exhaust
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CN108506070B (zh
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M·诺赛雷托
L·D·格雷罗克鲁兹
R·阿拉达尼斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1433—Pumps
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
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    • F01N2610/144—Control thereof
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1822—Pump parameters
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Abstract

一种监测车辆排气系统的选择性催化还原部件的还原剂输送性能的方法包括操作柴油机排放流体泵，直到达到还原剂输送性能压力设定点为止。计算平均泵占空比并且指令将所计算的泵占空比用在开环式控制阶段中。计算初始平均压力。喷射受控的柴油机排放流体(DEF)。计算最终平均压力。计算压力下降值ΔP并且确定所计算的压力下降值ΔP是否小于根据平均泵占空比计算的预期压力下降值。

Description

用于监测SCR催化剂的还原剂输送性能的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监测SCR催化剂的还原剂输送性能的方法和系统。
背景技术
本部分提供与本发明相关的背景信息，但这不一定是现有技术。
在柴油发动机中燃烧期间，空气/燃料混合物通过进气阀输送至气缸并且在其中受压缩和燃烧。在燃烧之后，活塞迫使废气(即，排气流)从气缸流动通过排气系统，且排气流从该排气系统释放至大气。排气流可包含氮氧化物(NOx)和一氧化碳(CO)。
排气流处理系统可在一个或多个部件中采用催化剂，这些部件配置成用于实现诸如还原氮氧化物(NOx)的SCR工艺，以产生较为可容忍的氮气(N2)和水(H2O)的排气组分。还原剂可从SCR上游添加至排气流，并且仅作为示例，该还原剂可包括无水氨(NH3)、氨水或尿素，它们的任何一种或所有均可作为细雾喷射到排气流中。当与排气流的其它组分混合的氨到达SCR部件时，将排气流内的NOx排放物分解。柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)则可捕获烟尘，且该烟尘在再生循环期间可周期性地焚烧。水蒸气、氮气和经还原的排放物离开排气系统。
为了维持SCR部件中有效的NOx还原，可采用控制件，以在SCR部件中维持期望量的还原剂(即，还原剂负载)。在包含NOx的排气流通过SCR部件时，消耗还原剂，且负载被耗尽。可由控制件采用模型，以追踪和/或预测有多少还原剂加载到SCR部件中并且维持合适的还原剂负载，来实现诸如还原排气流中NOx的期望效果。
加利福尼亚空气资源委员会(CARB)条例要求使用装配有选择性催化还原(SCR)的应用，以检测系统故障/退化(例如，尿素喷射)，系统故障/退化会导致不合适的尿素输送，而不合适的尿素输送会导致车辆的NOx排放物超过规定的排放物水平。因此，期望提供一种用于监测SCR催化剂的还原剂输送性能的稳健的方法和系统。
发明内容
本节提供本发明的总体概述，并且并非是对本发明全部范围或者其所有特征的全面公开。
一种监测车辆排气系统的选择性催化还原部件的还原剂输送性能的方法，包括操作柴油机排放流体泵，直到达到还原剂输送性能压力设定点为止。计算平均泵占空比并且指令将所计算的泵占空比用在开环式控制阶段中。计算初始平均压力。喷射受控的柴油机排放流体(DEF)。计算最终平均压力。计算压力下降值ΔP并且确定所计算的压力下降值ΔP是否小于根据平均泵占空比计算的预期压力下降值。
也就是说，本发明的系统和方法提供还原剂输送性能监测方法和系统。
从这里所提供的描述中可以得知其它可应用领域。该发明内容中的描述和特定示例仅是以说明性为目的，而不旨在限定本发明的范围。
附图说明
这里描述的附图仅仅是用于对所选择实施例而并非是对所有可能实施方式的说明，并且并不旨在限制本发明的范围。
图1是根据本发明原理的包括排气诊断系统的发动机控制系统的功能性框图；以及
图2是说明根据本发明原理的监测SCR催化剂的还原剂输送性能的方法的流程图。
对应的附图标记指代若干附图中的对应部件。
具体实施方式
现将参照附图而更充分地描述示例性实施例。
提供了示例性实施例，从而使得本发明变得详细透彻，并且将发明范围充分传达给本领域技术人员。阐述了若干特定细节，例如特定部件、装置以及方法的示例，以提供对本发明的实施例的深入理解。对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，无需采用特定细节，而是示例实施例可体现在许多不同形式中并且不应被理解成限制本发明的范围。在一些示例实施例中，并未详细地描述众所周知的过程、众所周知的装置结构以及众所周知的技术。
这里使用的术语仅仅用于描述特定示例实施例并且并不旨在限制。如本文使用的，除非上下文另有明确指示，单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“该”可旨在同样包括复数形式。术语“包含”、“包括”、“含有”以及“具有”是包含性的并且由此指代所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但并不排除存在或附加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组群。除非特别认定为执行顺序，本文描述的方法步骤、过程以及操作并不理解成必须以所讨论或所示的具体次序执行。还可以理解的是，可采用附加或替代的步骤。
当元件或层指代位于另一元件或层“上”、“与其接合”、“与其连接”、或“与其联接”时，其可直接地位于另一元件或层上、与其接合、与其连接、或与其联接，或者可存在居间元件或层。相反，当元件指代位于另一元件或层“正上”、“与其直接接合”、“与其直接连接”、“或“与其直接联接”时，可并不存在居间元件或层。用于描述元件之间关系的其它词语应以类似的方式解释(例如，“之间”对于“直接之间”、“相邻”对于“之间相邻”等)。如本文所使用地，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关联列举项目的任何和所有组合。
现参照图1，示意性地示出了柴油发动机系统10。柴油发动机系统10包括柴油发动机12和排气处理系统13。排气处理系统13进一步包括排气系统14和剂量系统16。柴油发动机12包括气缸18、进气歧管20、质量空气流(MAF)传感器22以及发动机速度传感器24。空气通过进气歧管20流入到柴油发动机12中并且由MAF传感器22监测。空气引导到气缸18中并且与燃料一起燃烧以驱动活塞(未示出)。虽然说明单个气缸18，但应意识到的是，柴油发动机12可包括附加的气缸18。例如，预计具有2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12和16个气缸的柴油发动机。
排气流23由于燃烧过程而在气缸18内部产生。排气系统14在排气流23释放至大气之前处理排气流23。排气系统14包括排气歧管26和柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)28。排气歧管26将离开气缸的排气流引导通过DOC 28。排气流在DOC 28内经处理以还原经调节的排放物。排气系统14进一步包括选择性催化还原(SCR)部件30、排气系统上游温度传感器31、SCR部件入口温度传感器32、SCR部件出口温度传感器34以及颗粒过滤器(PF)36。
排气系统上游温度传感器31可定位在发动机和DOC 28之间。SCR部件入口温度传感器32位于SCR部件30上游，以监测SCR部件30的入口处的温度变化。SCR部件出口温度传感器34位于SCR部件30下游，以监测SCR部件30的出口处的温度变化。虽然排气处理系统13说明为包括两者均设置在SCR部件30外部的SCR部件入口温度传感器32和SCR部件出口温度传感器34，但入口和出口温度传感器32、34也可位于SCR部件30内部，同时配置且设置成监测SCR部件30的入口和出口处排气流的温度(即，焓)变化。PF36进一步通过捕获排气流中的颗粒(例如，烟尘和其它材料)来减少排放物。
剂量系统16包括剂量喷射器40，该剂量喷射器将还原剂从还原剂供源38和泵39喷射到排气流中。还原剂与排气流23混合，并且当混合物暴露于SCR部件30时，进一步还原排放物。混合器41可用于使得还原剂与SCR部件30上游的排气流23混合。控制模块42调节并且控制发动机系统10的操作。
排气流流量传感器44可产生与排气系统14中排气流的流量相对应的信号。虽然传感器如图所示处于SCR部件30和PF36之间，但可使用排气系统14内的各种其它位置来用于测量，包括排气歧管26下游和SCR部件30上游。
颗粒过滤器温度传感器46产生与所测得的颗粒过滤器温度相对应的颗粒过滤器温度信号。颗粒过滤器温度传感器46可设置在PF36上或内。颗粒过滤器温度传感器46也可位于PF36上游或下游。
排气系统14中的其它传感器可包括上游NOx传感器50，该上游NOx传感器基于存在于排气系统14中NOx的浓度而产生NOx信号。下游NOx传感器52可定位在PF36下游，以测量离开PF36的NOx的浓度。此外，氨(NH3)传感器54产生与排气流内氨的量相对应的信号。NH3传感器54是可选的，但由于辨别NOx和NH3的能力，能用于简化控制系统。替代地和/或附加地，能提供碳氢化合物(HC)供源56和HC喷射器58，以将HC供给到到达DOC 28的排气流23中。
本发明的方法旨在去除柴油机排放流体(DEF)电机泵39的性能依赖性。参照图2，该方法包括在步骤S1处确定是否满足启用标准。启用标准是可执行还原剂输送性能而不会影响系统性能或部件安全性的环境和系统条件。该启用标准可包括但不限于确定：环境温度和压力条件是否在SCR能够还原NOx的范围内；柴油机排放流体(DEF)压力系统是否在闭环控制中启用和工作；柴油机排放流体喷射器是否未暴露于靠近部件极限的排放温度；柴油机颗粒过滤器并不执行再生循环；SCR催化剂温度是否处于安全地执行高DEF喷射流量的范围内；SCR催化剂温度变化；发动机是否在通过排气管线的废气流足够高以允许高DEF喷射流量的情形下运行；以及是否在DEF系统上检测到任何故障。
步骤S2-S4构成准备阶段。还原剂输送性能在步骤S2处需要专用的压力设定点，泵39运行，直到达到还原剂输送性能压力设定点为止。一旦达到专用的压力设定点，就在步骤S3处执行平均泵占空比。在步骤S4处，指令将所计算的泵开环占空比用在开环式控制阶段中。在准备阶段中，测试以独立于泵性能的相同压力条件开始。在步骤S5处，执行初始平均压力计算。在步骤S6处，执行受控柴油机排放流体(DEF)喷射。在步骤S7处，执行最终平均压力计算，并且在步骤S8处计算压力下降ΔP。在步骤S9处，确定所计算的压力下降ΔP是否小于根据在准备阶段期间计算的平均泵占空比计算的预期压力下降，由此在评估所测得的压力下降时去除电机泵性能的依赖性。在步骤S10处，设定诊断故障代码(DTC)。
已提供实施例的前文描述来用于说明和描述的目的。这并不旨在穷举或者限制本发明。特定实施例的各个元件或特征通常并不局限于特定的实施例，而是在可适用的情形下是可交换的，并且可用在所选择的实施例中，即使并未明确示出或描述亦可。还可以许多方式进行改变。这些变型并不被认为偏离本发明，而是所有这些改型旨在包括在本发明的范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种监测车辆排气系统的选择性催化还原部件的还原剂输送性能的方法，包括：
操作柴油机排放流体泵，直到达到还原剂输送性能压力设定点为止；
计算平均泵占空比并且指令将所计算的泵占空比用在开环式控制阶段中；
计算初始平均压力；
喷射受控的柴油机排放流体(DEF)；
计算最终平均压力；
计算压力下降值ΔP；以及
确定所述所计算的压力下降值ΔP是否小于根据所述平均泵占空比计算的预期压力下降值。
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