CN108503677B - Method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose, which adopts an enzymolysis method to prepare cubilose enzymolysis liquid; crystallizing for the first time, adding precipitant, kaolin, chymotrypsin and sodium citrate into the obtained enzymolysis solution at 20-25 deg.C; reducing the enzymolysis solution by 5-6 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, simultaneously shaking the whole reaction container for 16-24h, and filtering; ion exchange, namely passing the filtered enzymatic hydrolysate through an ion resin column, eluting the ion resin column for 10-15min by adopting formic acid, and then eluting for 5-10min by adopting deionized water; the ion resin column is composed of cation resin and anion resin; neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid; and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymatic hydrolysate, and performing crystallization to obtain sialic acid crystals. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose provided by the invention is simple to operate, and the prepared sialic acid crystal has high purity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cubilose processing, in particular to a method for extracting sialic acid in cubilose.
Background
The bird's nest is originally recorded in the ' materia medica meet original ', has sweet and neutral nature and flavor, enters heart, lung and kidney meridians, has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening dryness, and tonifying qi and strengthening middle energizer, can be clinically used for treating diseases such as consumptive disease, tuberculosis, cough and asthma with phlegm, hemoptysis, hematemesis, chronic dysentery, chronic malaria, dysphagia and regurgitation, is widely distributed among people with precious medicinal materials and delicious food, and is a high-grade health-care product which is suitable for being eaten by medicines. The nidus Collocaliae contains a large amount of mucin, glycoprotein, sialic acid, microelements, epidermal growth factor and other bioactive components, and has antiviral, cell division promoting and immunity enhancing effects.
The bird's nest comprises the following main components: water-soluble protein, carbohydrate, trace elements: calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium and the essential components "neuraminic acid" essential to the human body are also referred to as "cubilose acid". The cubilose acid can promote the information transmission speed of brain nerve cells, and the cubilose acid in breast milk provides immunity for the early growth of infants and improves the absorption capacity of intestinal tracts to vitamins and minerals. Since the cubilose acid can not be degraded by the enzyme of the digestive tract when passing through the digestive system, the cubilose acid can enter the intestinal tract through the digestive tract to prevent the absorption of enteropathogenic bacteria and virus and cells, and plays an important role in resisting various pathogenic bacteria. The bird's nest contains three different nutrients: sialic acid (N-acetylneuramic acid), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF).
Sialic acid is widely distributed in nature and extraction from natural sources is one of the methods for producing sialic acid. The highest content of sialic acid in the bird's nest reaches 100g/kg, and secondly, the sialic acid content in raw materials such as poultry eggs and whey is relatively rich and is respectively 0.3g/kg and 3 g/kg. Sialic acid is predominant in 3 states in organisms: protein-bound state, oligosaccharide-bound state, and free state, wherein protein-bound and oligosaccharide-bound states are the predominant states of presence. Patents UN1523031A and CN103060403A disclose methods for extracting sialic acid from whey and egg yolk powder, respectively, but the processes are complicated and the product yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose, which comprises the following steps:
s100: preparing the bird's nest enzymolysis liquid by an enzymolysis method;
s200: performing primary crystallization, and adding a precipitator, kaolin, chymotrypsin and sodium citrate into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in S100 at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃; reducing the enzymolysis solution by 5-6 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, rotating and shaking the whole reaction container at the speed of 100r/min for 16-24h, and filtering;
s300: ion exchange, namely passing the enzymatic hydrolysate filtered by the S200 through an ion resin column, eluting the ion resin column by formic acid, and then eluting by deionized water; the ion resin column is composed of cation resin and anion resin;
s400: neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S300, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid;
s500: and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymolysis liquid of S400, and crystallizing to obtain sialic acid crystals.
Further, the cubilose enzymolysis liquid is obtained by adopting the following preparation method:
s110: drying nidus Collocaliae at room temperature, dehumidifying or drying in hot air circulation drying oven at 45-65 deg.C, controlling water content below 8%, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve, adding 20-35 times of water, and placing in a zymogen tank without soaking or soaking for 4-8 hr;
s120: starting steam, mechanically stirring and heating to 95-99 ℃ for 45-90 minutes;
s130: stopping heating, cooling to 50-60 deg.C, adding neutral protease with enzyme activity of 20-40 ten thousand IU, animal protease with enzyme activity of 5-20 ten thousand IU, and flavor enzyme with enzyme activity of 1-4 ten thousand IU; the addition amount of the neutral protease, the animal protease and the flavor enzyme is 0.1-0.5% of the dry weight of the cubilose; before the enzyme is used, a small amount of water is added for dissolving; the enzymolysis temperature is 50-60 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4-8 hours, and the pH value is the natural pH value;
s140: cooling to normal temperature, filtering with 120 meshes to remove impurities to obtain the enzymolysis liquid.
Further, the precipitant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol; the weight fraction ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol is 1: 1-1: 3.
Furthermore, the addition amounts of the precipitator, the kaolin, the chymotrypsin and the sodium citrate are respectively 2-3%, 3-5%, 0.1-0.5% and 1-2% of the dry weight of the bird's nest.
Further, the ionic resin on the ionic resin column is formed by mixing cationic resin and anionic resin according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 3;
the cationic resin is one or more of traditional Chinese medicine 732, Dongdong D113, Nankai 732 and dispute TD 031;
the anion resin is one or more of south opening D290, south opening 717, south opening D301-R, south opening D392, Dongdao 717 and Chinese medicine 717.
According to the method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose, provided by the invention, high-purity sialic acid crystals are obtained by performing crystallization and ion exchange on cubilose enzymatic hydrolysate for two times. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose provided by the invention is simple to operate, and the prepared sialic acid crystal has high purity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose, which comprises the following steps:
s100: preparing the bird's nest enzymolysis liquid by an enzymolysis method;
s200: performing primary crystallization, and adding a precipitator, kaolin, chymotrypsin and sodium citrate into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in S100 at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃; reducing the enzymolysis solution by 5-6 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, rotating and shaking the whole reaction container at the speed of 100r/min for 16-24h, and filtering;
preferably, the precipitant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol; the weight fraction ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol is 1: 1-1: 3; preferably, the addition amounts of the precipitant, the kaolin, the chymotrypsin and the sodium citrate are respectively 2% -3%, 3% -5%, 0.1% -0.5% and 1% -2% of the dry weight of the cubilose.
In step S200, the neutral protease, the animal protease and the flavor enzyme in the enzymatic hydrolysate are removed, and the purity of sialic acid is improved. Wherein, the precipitant can reduce the solubility of the protein and improve the precipitation effect of the protein; the kaolin is used for providing a carrier for crystal nucleation of the neutral protease, the animal protease and the flavor enzyme and promoting crystallization of the neutral protease, the animal protease and the flavor enzyme; meanwhile, the protein is sensitive to the temperature, the solubility is greatly changed along with the temperature, when the temperature of the enzymolysis liquid is reduced by 5-6 ℃ from 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, neutral protease, animal protease and flavor enzyme in the enzymolysis liquid can be crystallized and separated within 24 hours and are separated depending on the surface of the kaolin.
S300: ion exchange, namely passing the enzymolysis liquid filtered by the S200 through an ion resin column, eluting the ion resin column for 10-15min by adopting formic acid, and then eluting for 5-10min by adopting deionized water; the ion resin column is composed of cation resin and anion resin;
preferably, the ionic resin on the ionic resin column is formed by mixing cationic resin and anionic resin according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 3; the cationic resin is one or more of traditional Chinese medicine 732, Dongdong D113, Nankai 732 and dispute TD 031; the anion resin is one or more of south opening D290, south opening 717, south opening D301-R, south opening D392, Dongdao 717 and Chinese medicine 717.
In step S300, sialic acid is primarily purified.The ionic resins are generally classified into a gel type and a macroporous type. The polymer skeleton of the gel-type resin has no pores inside in a dry state. It swells when it absorbs water, forming very fine pores, commonly referred to as micro-pores, between the macromolecular links. The wet resin has an average pore diameter of 2 to 4nm (2X 10)－6～4×10－6mm)。
The resin is suitable for adsorbing inorganic ions, and the diameter of the resin is smaller, and is generally 0.3-0.6 nm. The resin can not adsorb macromolecular organic substances, and the macromolecular organic substances cannot enter microscopic pores of the resin due to the large size of the macromolecular organic substances, such as the diameter of protein molecules of 5-20 nm.
The macroporous resin is prepared by adding a pore-forming agent during polymerization reaction to form a skeleton with a porous spongy structure, wherein a large number of permanent micropores are formed inside the skeleton, and then introducing exchange groups. The composite material has micro-pores and macro-pores, the pore diameter of the wetting resin reaches 100-500 nm, and the size and the number of the wetting resin can be controlled during manufacturing. The surface area of the channels may be increased to over 1000m2The/g, this not only provides good contact condition for ion exchange, shortens the ion diffusion path, but also increases many chain active centers, produces molecular adsorption through the intermolecular van der Waals attraction (van de Waals force), can adsorb various non-ionic substances like activated carbon, expands its function. Some macroporous resins without exchange functional groups can also adsorb and separate various substances, such as phenols in wastewater of chemical plants.
The macroporous resin has many and large pores, large surface area, many active centers, high ion diffusion speed and high ion exchange speed, and is about ten times faster than gel resin. The effect is fast, the efficiency is high when using, and the required processing time is shortened. Macroporous resins also have a number of advantages: the composite material has the advantages of swelling resistance, cracking resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance and temperature change resistance, and easy adsorption and exchange of organic macromolecular substances, so that the composite material has strong pollution resistance and is easy to regenerate. Therefore, step S300 in the embodiment of the present invention uses macroporous resin;
s400: neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S300, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid;
s500: and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymolysis liquid of S400, and crystallizing to obtain sialic acid crystals.
Preferably, the cubilose enzymolysis liquid is obtained by adopting the following preparation method:
s110: drying nidus Collocaliae at room temperature, dehumidifying or drying in hot air circulation drying oven at 45-65 deg.C, controlling water content below 8%, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve, adding 20-35 times of water, and placing in a zymogen tank without soaking or soaking for 4-8 hr;
s120: starting steam, mechanically stirring and heating to 95-99 ℃ for 45-90 minutes;
s130: stopping heating, cooling to 50-60 deg.C, adding neutral protease with enzyme activity of 20-40 ten thousand IU, animal protease with enzyme activity of 5-20 ten thousand IU, and flavor enzyme with enzyme activity of 1-4 ten thousand IU; the addition amount of the neutral protease, the animal protease and the flavor enzyme is 0.1-0.5% of the dry weight of the cubilose; before the enzyme is used, a small amount of water is added for dissolving; the enzymolysis temperature is 50-60 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4-8 hours, and the pH value is the natural pH value;
s140: cooling to normal temperature, filtering with 120 meshes to remove impurities to obtain the enzymolysis liquid.
Example 1
Weighing 1kg of cubilose, drying, mechanically crushing, sieving with an 80-mesh sieve, adding 25kg of water, soaking for 5 hours, heating to 96 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50 minutes, cooling to 55 ℃, adding 20 ten thousand IU of neutral protease, 15 ten thousand IU of animal protease and 2 ten thousand IU of flavor enzyme, wherein the addition amounts are 0.2 percent, 0.3 percent and 0.1 percent respectively, the enzymolysis time is 6 hours, and the enzymolysis pH value is 7.2 of the natural pH value, thus obtaining an enzymolysis solution;
performing primary crystallization, and adding 2% of precipitator, 3% of kaolin, 0.1% of chymotrypsin and 1% of sodium citrate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid at 20 ℃; reducing the enzymolysis liquid by 5 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, rotating and shaking the whole reaction container at the speed of 10r/min for 16h, and filtering; performing ion exchange, namely passing the filtered enzymatic hydrolysate through an ion resin column consisting of 732 parts of traditional Chinese medicine and 290 parts of Nankai, eluting the ion resin column for 10min by adopting formic acid, and eluting for 5min by adopting deionized water; neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid; and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymatic hydrolysate, and performing crystallization to obtain sialic acid crystals.
The detection shows that the yield of the obtained sialic acid is 89.5 percent, and the purity of the sialic acid crystal is 99.5 percent.
Example 2
Weighing 1kg of cubilose, drying, mechanically crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding 30kg of water, soaking for 3 hours, heating to 96 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60 minutes, cooling to 50 ℃, adding 20 ten thousand IU of neutral protease, 10 ten thousand IU of animal protease and 3 ten thousand IU of flavor enzyme, wherein the addition amounts are 0.3 percent, 0.5 percent and 0.1 percent respectively, the enzymolysis time is 6 hours, and the enzymolysis pH value is 7.5 of the natural pH value, thus obtaining an enzymolysis solution;
performing primary crystallization, and adding 3% of precipitator, 5% of kaolin, 0.5% of chymotrypsin and 2% of sodium citrate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid at 25 ℃; reducing the enzymolysis liquid to 20 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, rotating and shaking the whole reaction container at the speed of 10r/min for 24 hours, and filtering; ion exchange, namely passing the filtered enzymolysis liquid through an ion resin column consisting of 1 part by weight of Dongda D113 and 3 parts by weight of Nankai 717, eluting the ion resin column by formic acid for 15min, and then eluting by deionized water for 10 min; neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid; and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymatic hydrolysate, and performing crystallization to obtain sialic acid crystals.
The detection shows that the yield of the obtained sialic acid is 90.3 percent, and the purity of the sialic acid crystal is 99.7 percent.
Example 3
Weighing 10kg of cubilose, drying, mechanically crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, adding 300kg of water, heating to 99 ℃, keeping the temperature for 70 minutes, cooling to 60 ℃, adding 40 ten thousand IU of neutral protease, 10 ten thousand IU of animal protease and 2 ten thousand IU of flavor enzyme, wherein the adding amounts are 0.3 percent, 0.3 percent and 0.1 percent respectively, the enzymolysis time is 5 hours, and the enzymolysis pH value is 7.8 of the natural pH value, thus obtaining an enzymolysis solution;
performing primary crystallization, and adding 2.5% of precipitator, 4% of kaolin, 0.3% of chymotrypsin and 1.5% of sodium citrate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid at 23 ℃; reducing the enzymolysis liquid to 18 ℃ at the speed of 1.5 ℃/min, rotating and shaking the whole reaction container at the speed of 10r/min for 20 hours, and filtering; ion exchange, namely passing the filtered enzymolysis liquid through an ion resin column consisting of 1 part by weight of Dongda D113 and 3 parts by weight of Nankai 717, eluting the ion resin column by formic acid for 15min, and then eluting by deionized water for 10 min; neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the obtained enzymolysis liquid, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid; and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymatic hydrolysate, and performing crystallization to obtain sialic acid crystals.
The detection shows that the yield of the obtained sialic acid is 89.9 percent, and the purity of the sialic acid crystal is 99.8 percent.
Comparative example 1
After the bird 'S nest enzymolysis liquid is obtained by adopting an S100 enzymolysis method, the bird' S nest acid is directly extracted by adopting an S300 ion exchange method, the yield of the obtained sialic acid is 84.2 percent, and the purity of the sialic acid is 93.2 percent.
Comparative example 2
After the bird 'S nest enzymolysis liquid is obtained by the S100 enzymolysis method, the bird' S nest acid is directly extracted by glacial acetic acid crystal, the yield of the obtained sialic acid is 85.3 percent, and the purity of the sialic acid is 94.1 percent.
According to the method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose, provided by the invention, high-purity sialic acid crystals are obtained by performing crystallization and ion exchange on cubilose enzymatic hydrolysate for two times. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose provided by the invention is simple to operate, and the prepared sialic acid has high yield and high purity of sialic acid crystals.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100: preparing the bird's nest enzymolysis liquid by an enzymolysis method;
s200: performing primary crystallization, and adding a precipitator, kaolin, chymotrypsin and sodium citrate into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in S100 at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃; reducing the enzymolysis solution by 5-6 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, rotating and shaking the whole reaction container at the speed of 100r/min for 16-24h, and filtering;
s300: ion exchange, namely passing the enzymolysis liquid filtered by the S200 through an ion resin column, eluting the ion resin column for 10-15min by adopting formic acid, and then eluting for 5-10min by adopting deionized water; the ion resin column is composed of cation resin and anion resin;
s400: neutralizing, namely adding sodium carbonate into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S300, and neutralizing acid in the enzymolysis liquid;
s500: and (4) performing secondary crystallization, namely adding glacial acetic acid into the eluted enzymolysis liquid of S400, and crystallizing to obtain sialic acid crystals.
2. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cubilose enzymolysis liquid is obtained by adopting the following preparation method:
s110: drying nidus Collocaliae at room temperature, dehumidifying or drying in hot air circulation drying oven at 45-65 deg.C, controlling water content below 8%, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve, adding 20-35 times of water, and placing in a zymogen tank without soaking or soaking for 4-8 hr;
s120: starting steam, mechanically stirring and heating to 95-99 ℃ for 45-90 minutes;
s130: stopping heating, cooling to 50-60 deg.C, adding neutral protease with enzyme activity of 20-40 ten thousand IU, animal protease with enzyme activity of 5-20 ten thousand IU, and flavor enzyme with enzyme activity of 1-4 ten thousand IU; the addition amount of the neutral protease, the animal protease and the flavor enzyme is 0.1-0.5% of the dry weight of the cubilose; before the enzyme is used, a small amount of water is added for dissolving; the enzymolysis temperature is 50-60 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4-8 hours, and the pH value is the natural pH value;
s140: cooling to normal temperature, filtering with 120 meshes to remove impurities to obtain the enzymolysis liquid.
3. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the precipitant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol; the weight fraction ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol is 1: 1-1: 3.
4. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amounts of the precipitant, the kaolin, the chymotrypsin and the sodium citrate are respectively 2-3%, 3-5%, 0.1-0.5% and 1-2% of the dry weight of the bird's nest.
5. The method for extracting sialic acid from cubilose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ionic resin on the ionic resin column is formed by mixing cationic resin and anionic resin according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 3;
the cationic resin is one or more of traditional Chinese medicine 732, Dongdong D113, Nankai 732 and dispute TD 031;
the anion resin is one or more of south opening D290, south opening 717, south opening D301-R, south opening D392, Dongdao 717 and Chinese medicine 717.
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| CN109369730B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-11-19 | 武汉中科光谷绿色生物技术有限公司 | Sialic acid and extraction method thereof |
| CN109180745B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-10-26 | 武汉中科光谷绿色生物技术有限公司 | Method for preparing N-acetylneuraminic acid by separating and purifying polysialic acid-containing material |
| CN114794462A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 燕之初健康美（厦门）食品有限公司 | Fresh stewed cubilose added with cubilose small molecular peptide and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104498572B (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-10-27 | 燕之初颜如燕（厦门）生物科技有限公司 | Bird's nest complex enzyme hydrolysis processing technology |
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Denomination of invention: A Method for Extracting Sialic Acid from Bird's Nest Effective date of registration: 20230926 Granted publication date: 20200428 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Xiamen Jimei sub branch Pledgor: HEALTH UNITED STATES BEGINNING YAN (XIAMEN) FOOD CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023980059068 |