CN108499523B - 一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂及其制备和用途 - Google Patents

一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂及其制备和用途 Download PDF

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CN108499523B
CN108499523B CN201810470424.2A CN201810470424A CN108499523B CN 108499523 B CN108499523 B CN 108499523B CN 201810470424 A CN201810470424 A CN 201810470424A CN 108499523 B CN108499523 B CN 108499523B
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王玉廷
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Abstract

本发明属于除臭技术领域,具体涉及一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂及其制备方法和用途,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末20~40wt%、阳极炉精炼渣30~65wt%和天然沸石6~22wt%。本发明除臭剂能够明显降低粪臭素、吲哚、氨气、硫化氢和甲烷等臭味气体物质的浓度,且成本低,可重复利用,取得了显著的进步。

Description

一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂及其制备和用途
技术领域
本发明属于除臭技术领域,具体涉及一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
粪便是机体的排泄物,目前广泛用于门诊检验、疾病研究及今年兴起的粪菌移植技术。在门诊检验中,检验师通过粪便隐血试验、寄生虫卵检查,辅助临床医生对疾病进行诊断;在疾病研究中,通过粪便代谢组学和宏基因组学技术对疾病进行病因学研究;在粪菌移植的实验室准备过程中,粪便更需要大量使用。但是粪便中的吲哚、粪臭素、氨气、甲烷、硫化氢、乙酸、丁酸等具有刺激性挥发性物质往往给医务人员和研究人员造成困扰。因此,如何去除粪便中的挥发性臭味气体是目前急需解决的技术问题。
阳极炉精炼渣是火法精炼铜过程中产生的副产品,由于我国是铜的生产和消费大国,精炼铜每年的产量超过400t,随之每年将产生数万吨的精炼渣,由于精炼渣中还含有CaO、SiO2、Al2O3和FeO等成分,因此如何有效利用回收精炼渣是亟需解决的技术问题,目前并未公开精炼渣在除臭方面的作用。
羟基磷灰石是人体骨骼和牙齿组织中的主要无机成分,因其具有对多数蛋白核酸分子表现出吸附性、高结合性、优秀的生物相容性等优点,已被广泛应用于生物医药领域,如生物体植入材料、骨损伤修复、药物载体、抗菌材料、免疫传感器以及基因治疗。但未公开其在除臭方面的作用。
目前,并未见将阳极炉精炼渣和羟基磷灰石混合作为一种对针对粪便中挥发性臭味气体物质的除臭剂。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂及其制备方法和用途,该除臭剂特别适于用于去除粪便的臭味,主要用于去除吲哚、粪臭素、甲烷、氨气、硫化氢等气味物质,其具有成本低、可重复利用的特点。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末20~40wt%、阳极炉精炼渣30~65wt%和天然沸石6~22wt%。
进一步地,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末25~40wt%、阳极炉精炼渣40~65wt%和天然沸石10~22wt%。
进一步地,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末30wt%、阳极炉精炼渣60wt%和天然沸石10wt%。
进一步地,所述多孔羟基磷灰石粒子呈球形,平均直径为20~45μm,结晶度为30~50%。
进一步地,所述阳极炉精炼渣主要包括以下重量的组分:CaO 6.2~8.3wt%、SiO225.6~29.2wt%、Al2O3 6.3~9.4wt%和FeO 25.4~35.8wt%。
进一步地,所述阳极炉精炼渣由以下步骤制得:
烧结:取含铜污泥,进行烧结,将烧结块移入熔炼炉,加入石灰石10~12kg/tCu、炭精3~4kg/t Cu,同时持续通入含有20~30%(v/v)的氧气的空气进行煅烧,得到粗铜,其中煅烧的温度为1100~1200℃;
精炼:将上述粗铜移入精炼炉,加入3~4kg/t Cu重油的同时持续通入含有90~95%(v/v)的氧气的空气混合使粗铜溶化,加入碳粉2kg/t Cu和4kg/t Cu石英石,得到阳极铜板和阳极炉精炼渣,其中煅烧的温度为1200~1250℃。
相应地,本发明还提供了一种制备上述除臭剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)阳极炉精炼渣的制备:
S1、烧结:取含铜污泥,进行烧结,将烧结块移入熔炼炉,加入石灰石10~12kg/tCu、炭精3~4kg/t Cu,同时持续通入含有20~30%(v/v)的氧气的空气进行煅烧,得到粗铜,其中煅烧的温度为1100~1200℃;
S2、精炼:将上述粗铜移入精炼炉,加入3~4kg/t Cu重油的同时持续通入含有90~95%(v/v)的氧气的空气混合使粗铜溶化,加入碳粉2kg/t Cu和4kg/t Cu石英石,得到阳极铜板和阳极炉精炼渣,其中煅烧的温度为1200~1250℃;
C)多孔羟基磷灰石粉末制备:
iii)取吐温-80,加入100ml浓度为0.3~0.5%的甲苯,震荡摇匀后加入30~50ml1mol/L碳酸钠溶液,超声乳化10~15min,将乳化液倒入300ml 0.1~0.3mol/L的氯化钙溶液中,搅拌反应1~2h,陈化12~24h,将陈化后的溶液抽滤,得白色沉淀,洗涤,干燥,得多孔球形碳酸钙粉末;
iv)取上述多孔球形碳酸钙粉末加入纯化水使之形成0.05g/ml的悬浮液,在搅拌条件下,加入0.01~0.03mol/L的磷酸氢二钠溶液,保持pH10~11,搅拌反应12~30h,陈化12~24h;将陈化后的溶液抽滤,得白色沉淀,洗涤,干燥,将上述白色沉淀在500~600℃下煅烧,即得多孔球形羟基磷灰石粉末;
C)将上述制备得到的多孔球形羟基磷灰石粉末、阳极炉精炼渣和天然沸石按相应的重量混合,即得。
本发明还提供了上述除臭剂的用途,其用于去除粪便挥发性臭味气体物质。
进一步地,所述臭味气体物质包含吲哚、硫化氢、甲烷、粪臭素(3-甲基吲哚)和氨气。
除外,本发明还提供了一种除臭方法,将上述除臭剂悬挂于臭味气体物质场所内。
本发明提供的除臭剂由多孔羟基磷灰石、阳极炉精炼渣和天然沸石按一定的配比组成,达到了优异的除臭效果。试验证明,三者复合使用能够使吲哚、氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素和甲烷的降低率均达到50%以上,取得了协同增效的作用。
需要强调的是,多孔羟基磷灰石的物理性质对除臭效果也有一定的影响,如直径、结晶度等。发明人长期的摸索,终于得出,平均直径为20~45μm,结晶度为30~50%的多孔羟基磷灰石更有利于除臭性能的提升。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明提供的除臭剂能够明显降低吲哚、氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素和甲烷等臭味气体物质的浓度,且成本低,可重复利用,取得了显著的进步。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下实施例。
实施例1、多孔羟基磷灰石的制备
i)取吐温-80加入100ml浓度为0.5%的甲苯中,震荡摇匀后加入50ml1mol/L碳酸钠溶液,超声乳化15min,将乳化液倒入300ml 0.2mol/L的氯化钙溶液中,搅拌反应2h,陈化24h,将陈化后的溶液抽滤,得白色沉淀,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃干燥12h,得多孔球形碳酸钙粉末;
ii)取上述多孔球形碳酸钙粉末加入纯化水使之形成0.05g/ml的悬浮液,在搅拌条件下,加入0.03mol/L的磷酸氢二钠溶液,保持pH为11,搅拌反应12h,陈化24h;将陈化后的溶液抽滤,得白色沉淀,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃干燥12h,将上述白色沉淀在600℃下煅烧,即得多孔球形羟基磷灰石粉末。
实施例2、阳极炉精炼渣的制备
S1、烧结:取含铜污泥,进行烧结,将烧结块移入熔炼炉,加入石灰石10kg/tCu、炭精3kg/t Cu,同时持续通入含有25%(v/v)的氧气的空气进行煅烧,得到粗铜,其中煅烧的温度为1100℃;
S2、精炼:将上述粗铜移入精炼炉,加入3kg/t Cu重油的同时持续通入含有95%(v/v)的氧气的空气混合使粗铜溶化,加入碳粉2kg/t Cu和4kg/t Cu石英石,得到阳极铜板和阳极炉精炼渣,其中煅烧的温度为1200℃。
制备得到的所述阳极炉精炼渣主要包括以下重量的组分:CaO 6.2~8.3wt%、SiO2 25.6~29.2wt%、Al2O3 6.3~9.4wt%和FeO 25.4~35.8wt%。
表1本发明实施例3~5以及对比例1~4所述除臭剂组成及配比
制备工艺:
按相应的重量,取上述原料,混合,即得。
试验例一、除臭效果试验
将实施例3~5以及对比例1~4所述除臭剂置于含有粪便挥发性气体物质的处理箱内,其中设置吲哚、硫化氢、甲烷、氨气和粪臭素的初始浓度为6mg/m3,将各除臭剂悬挂于处理箱内,用Drager X-am7000便携式气体检测器于第二天早上测定猪舍内各臭味气体物质的浓度三次,取平均值,计算浓度降低率,结果如表2所示。
计算公式:浓度降低率(%)=(初始浓度-处理后浓度)/初始浓度×100%
表2试验结果
由上表2可知,经本发明实施例3~5所述除臭剂处理后,吲哚、硫化氢、甲烷、氨气和粪臭素的浓度均下降了50%以上,具有优异的除臭效果。
对比例1~3除臭剂分别为天然沸石、阳极炉精炼渣、多孔羟基磷灰石,其除臭效果与实施例3相比均有明显地下降,且三者组合使用达到的除臭效果大于三者单独使用效果的相加,这说明,三者组合使用取得了协同增效的效果。
而对比例4(与实施例3相比,用活性炭替换阳极炉精炼渣)制备得到的除臭剂除臭效果与实施例3差别不大。
试验例二、不同物理性质的多孔羟基磷灰石对除臭效果的影响
研究1、多孔羟基磷灰石直径对除臭效果的影响
除多孔羟基磷灰石的直径不同外,其余与实施例3相同,按照试验例一方法考察各组除臭剂对除臭效果的影响,试验结果如表3所示。
表3多孔羟基磷灰石直径对除臭效果的影响
由上表可知,多孔羟基磷灰石的粒径对除臭效果具有一定的影响,在20~45μm范围内多孔羟基磷灰石对多种臭味气体的浓度均具有显著的降低作用,其中以35μm效果最佳,对各种臭味气体物质浓度的降低率均达到50%以上。
研究2、多孔羟基磷灰石结晶度对除臭效果的影响
除多孔羟基磷灰石的结晶度不同外,其余与实施例3相同,按照试验例一方法考察各组除臭剂对除臭效果的影响,试验结果如表3所示。
表3多孔羟基磷灰石结晶度对除臭效果的影响
由上表可知,多孔羟基磷灰石的结晶度对除臭的效果也有一定的影响,其中以在30~50%范围内除臭效果最佳,其对多种臭味气体的浓度降低率均达到50%以上。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于粪便挥发性臭味气体的除臭剂,其特征在于,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末20~40wt%、阳极炉精炼渣30~65wt%和天然沸石6~22wt%;所述阳极炉精炼渣由以下步骤制得:
烧结:取含铜污泥,进行烧结,将烧结块移入熔炼炉,加入石灰石10~12kg/t Cu、炭精3~4kg/t Cu,同时持续通入含有20~30%v/v的氧气的空气进行煅烧,得到粗铜,其中煅烧的温度为1100~1200℃;
精炼:将上述粗铜移入精炼炉,加入3~4kg/t Cu重油的同时持续通入含有90~95%v/v的氧气的空气混合使粗铜溶化,加入碳粉2kg/t Cu和4kg/t Cu石英石,得到阳极铜板和阳极炉精炼渣,其中煅烧的温度为1200~1250℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的除臭剂,其特征在于,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末25~40wt%、阳极炉精炼渣40~65wt%和天然沸石10~22wt%。
3.如权利要求2所述的除臭剂,其特征在于,所述除臭剂包含以下重量的组分:多孔羟基磷灰石粉末30wt%、阳极炉精炼渣60wt%和天然沸石10wt%。
4.如权利要求1~3任一所述的除臭剂,其特征在于,所述多孔羟基磷灰石粒子呈球形,平均直径为20~45μm,结晶度为30~50%。
5.如权利要求1~3任一所述的除臭剂,其特征在于,所述阳极炉精炼渣主要包括以下重量的组分:CaO 6.2~8.3wt%、SiO2 25.6~29.2wt%、Al2O3 6.3~9.4wt%和FeO 25.4~35.8wt%。
6.一种制备如权利要求1~5任一所述的除臭剂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A)阳极炉精炼渣的制备:
S1、烧结:取含铜污泥,进行烧结,将烧结块移入熔炼炉,加入石灰石10~12kg/t Cu、炭精3~4kg/t Cu,同时持续通入含有20~30%v/v的氧气的空气进行煅烧,得到粗铜,其中煅烧的温度为1100~1200℃;
S2、精炼:将上述粗铜移入精炼炉,加入3~4kg/t Cu重油的同时持续通入含有90~95%v/v的氧气的空气混合使粗铜溶化,加入碳粉2kg/t Cu和4kg/t Cu石英石,得到阳极铜板和阳极炉精炼渣,其中煅烧的温度为1200~1250℃;
B)多孔羟基磷灰石粉末制备:
i)取吐温-80,加入100ml浓度为0.3~0.5%的甲苯,震荡摇匀后加入30~50ml 1mol/L碳酸钠溶液,超声乳化10~15min,将乳化液倒入300ml 0.1~0.3mol/L的氯化钙溶液中,搅拌反应1~2h,陈化12~24h,将陈化后的溶液抽滤,得白色沉淀,洗涤,干燥,得多孔球形碳酸钙粉末;
ii)取上述多孔球形碳酸钙粉末加入纯化水使之形成0.05g/ml的悬浮液,在搅拌条件下,加入0.01~0.03mol/L的磷酸氢二钠溶液,保持pH10~11,搅拌反应12~30h,陈化12~24h;将陈化后的溶液抽滤,得白色沉淀,洗涤,干燥,将上述白色沉淀在500~600℃下煅烧,即得多孔球形羟基磷灰石粉末;
C)将上述制备得到的多孔球形羟基磷灰石粉末、阳极炉精炼渣和天然沸石按相应的重量混合,即得。
7.如权利要求1~5任一所述的除臭剂或如权利要求6制备得到的除臭剂的用途,其特征在于,用于去除粪便挥发性臭味气体物质。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述臭味气体物质包含吲哚、硫化氢、甲烷、粪臭素和氨气。
9.一种除臭方法,其特征在于,将如权利要求1~5任一所述的除臭剂或如权利要求6制备得到的除臭剂悬挂于含有粪便挥发性臭味气体物质的场所内。
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