CN108498478B - Preparation method of starch-based hard capsules - Google Patents
Preparation method of starch-based hard capsules Download PDFInfo
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- CN108498478B CN108498478B CN201810286402.0A CN201810286402A CN108498478B CN 108498478 B CN108498478 B CN 108498478B CN 201810286402 A CN201810286402 A CN 201810286402A CN 108498478 B CN108498478 B CN 108498478B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
- C08B31/08—Ethers
- C08B31/10—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule. The preparation method comprises the steps of starch acidolysis, etherification, sol, heat preservation, defoaming, glue dipping forming, drying and the like. The invention adopts acidolysis and etherification composite modification to process starch, reduces the viscosity of the starch and improves the film forming property of the starch; the starch-based hard capsule is prepared by adopting high amylose with the amylose content of 80 percent as a matrix and modified starch as an enhanced phase through a traditional dipping forming process. The starch-based hard capsule prepared by the method has the advantages of high transparency, smooth surface, good folding resistance, short disintegration time limit and the like, simplifies the production process, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicine preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule.
Background
Capsules are generally used to encapsulate drugs that are not suitable for direct contact with the esophagus and require a re-disintegration in the stomach or intestinal tract. At present, most of hard capsules for medicinal or health-care food are made of gelatin, and the gelatin has certain problems in medicinal performance and safety. On one hand, the gelatin is prepared from skin or bone of animals by acid or alkali treatment and decoction. In the production process, animal protein residue is inevitably generated, the cross-linking reaction is easy to occur with the content drug, and the risk of carrying virus is generated, thereby causing adverse effects such as drug deterioration and the like. On the other hand, gelatin of animal origin is unacceptable to vegetarians and people with religious beliefs such as islamic, kosher, etc. In addition, for people with allergic constitution, ingestion of gelatin preparations should also be avoided. Therefore, it is of great importance to find alternatives to gelatin capsules.
Starch is a plant source, has wide source and very low price, has good film forming property, has great attraction for preparing the hollow capsule, but because the starch molecules are easy to form strong hydrogen bonds, the prepared starch film is fragile and fragile, and the hollow capsule with high strength and filling resistance is difficult to prepare. In the existing process for preparing the starch hard capsule by using the traditional dip forming method, the biggest difficulty is that the viscosity of the starch solution is too high, and the thickness is not easy to control. Therefore, finding a suitable modified starch material and studying the rheological and film-forming properties of the starch material and the phase change of the starch during the processing process to meet the requirements of the traditional gelatin equipment and process as much as possible are one of the problems to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule, which adopts acidolysis and etherification composite modification to process starch, reduces the viscosity of the starch and improves the film forming property of the starch; the starch-based hard capsule is prepared by adopting high amylose with the amylose content of 80 percent as a matrix and modified starch as an enhanced phase through a traditional dipping forming process.
The invention also aims to provide application of the starch-based hard capsule prepared by the method in preparation of medicines, health-care products and functional foods.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a proper amount of starch into starch milk with the starch content of 40% by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.14 mol/L, carrying out acidolysis for 6-24 h at 35-40 ℃ under the condition of 200rpm, adjusting the pH of the starch milk to 5.5 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5%, removing the supernatant after centrifugation, adding water with the volume twice of the volume, carrying out centrifugal washing for 3 times, and drying and reacting for 10-12 h at 40-45 ℃ to obtain acidolysis starch;
s2, taking the acidolysis starch obtained in the step S1, preparing starch milk with 20% of starch content by using water, adding 10% of anhydrous sodium sulfate solution by mass fraction, stirring, heating in water bath to 40 ℃, and reacting for 10 min; adding NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5% while stirring to adjust the pH of the reaction system to be more than 10.5, quickly adding propylene oxide with the volume fraction of 10-30%, and placing the mixture in a closed container to carry out etherification reaction for 21-24 hours at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ and at the speed of 200 rpm; then dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10% is used for adjusting the pH value of the starch milk to 5.5; centrifuging, removing supernatant, adding water with the volume twice that of the supernatant, centrifuging and washing for 3 times, and drying and reacting for 10-12 hours at 40-45 ℃ to obtain modified starch;
s3, preparing a starch solution with the mass fraction of 10-20%, wherein the starch consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of modified starch and 40-70% of high amylose starch; stirring the starch solution at 93-97 ℃ for 40min to obtain sol, keeping the temperature, defoaming, dipping the sol, drying at 35-38 ℃ for 6-9 h, and demolding to obtain the starch-based hard capsule.
In the process of preparing the starch hard capsule by using the traditional dip forming method, the biggest difficulty is that the viscosity of the starch solution is too high, and the thickness is not easy to control. The invention can reduce the viscosity of the starch by acidolysis, and can prepare starch paste with higher concentration and easy film formation; however, acid hydrolysis starch is easy to be retrograded and has lower viscosity stability, the gelatinization temperature of modified starch after etherification reaction by adding propylene oxide is low, starch molecules can be well dispersed and dissolved after heating to form starch paste with stable fluidity and viscosity, and a film formed by the starch paste is transparent, flexible, smooth and good in folding resistance. Therefore, after the starch is subjected to composite modification such as acidolysis, etherification and the like, the performances of the two modified starches can be optimized, and better gelling capacity and mechanical strength can be obtained, so that the properties of the modified starch are close to those of gelatin. High amylose with the amylose content of 80 percent is used as a matrix, and modified starch is used as an enhanced phase, so that the mechanical property of the capsule can be improved through self-enhancement, and the biocompatibility of the capsule cannot be influenced. The three key process technologies solve the problems of high viscosity and poor film forming property of starch as capsules and improve the quality of the starch capsules.
Preferably, the starch in S1 is any one or more of corn starch, tapioca starch, and potato starch.
Preferably, the high amylose starch in S3 is any one or more of high amylose corn starch G80, tapioca starch with a higher amylose content, or potato starch.
More preferably, the starch in S1 is corn starch and the high amylose starch in S3 is high amylose corn starch G80.
In the exploration of the process for preparing the starch hard capsule by the traditional dipping forming method, the inventor discovers that the preparation parameters such as the type and the dosage of acid, the concentration of alkali, the selection of epoxide, the proportion of a matrix and a reinforcing phase, the temperature and the time of acidolysis reaction, the temperature and the time of etherification reaction and the like have great influence on the transparency, the toughness, the friability, the tightness, the disintegration time limit and the like of the finally obtained starch-based hard capsule. If the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction rate is too slow, and if the reaction temperature is too high, starch is easy to gelatinize. According to the invention, through the optimization of a series of conditions, the most preferable preparation parameters are finally obtained, and the starch-based hard capsule with high transparency, smooth surface, good folding resistance and short disintegration time is prepared.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the acidolysis in S1 is 40 ℃ and the reaction time is 12 h.
Preferably, the volume fraction of propylene oxide in S2 is 20%.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the etherification in S2 is 40 ℃ and the reaction time is 22 h.
Preferably, the centrifugal rotation speed in S1 and S2 is 5000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 10 min.
Preferably, the starch in S3 is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of modified starch and 60% of high amylose starch.
Preferably, the temperature of the sol in S3 is 95 ℃.
Preferably, the drying temperature in S3 is 35 ℃ and the time is 6 h.
The starch-based hard capsule prepared by the method meets the national relevant standards, and has the advantages of high transparency, smooth surface, good folding resistance, short disintegration time limit and the like. Therefore, the invention also claims the application of the starch-based hard capsule prepared by the method in the preparation of medicines, health products and functional foods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method provided by the invention adopts acidolysis and etherification composite modification to treat the starch, so that the viscosity of the starch is reduced, and the film forming property of the starch is improved; the starch-based hard capsule is prepared by adopting high amylose with the amylose content of 80 percent as a matrix and modified starch as an enhanced phase through a traditional dipping forming process. The starch-based hard capsule prepared by the method has the advantages of high transparency, smooth surface, good folding resistance, short disintegration time limit and the like, simplifies the production process, saves the production cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following specific examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule, which comprises the following steps:
1. accurately weighing a certain amount of corn starch, placing the corn starch in a stainless steel blending container, preparing the starch into starch milk with the starch content of 40% by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.14 mol/L, placing the starch milk in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 35 ℃ and 200rpm for acidolysis for 11h, adjusting the pH value of the starch milk to 5.5 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5%, centrifuging by using a centrifuge to discard a supernatant, then centrifuging and washing by using distilled water with twice volume for 3 times, setting the rotating speed of the centrifuge to 5000r/min, setting the centrifugation time to 10min, and then reacting in an oven (40-45 ℃) for 10h to obtain the acidolysis starch.
2. Preparing the acidolysis starch obtained in the step 1 into starch milk with the starch content of 20% by using distilled water, pouring the starch milk into a stainless steel reactor, adding 10% by mass of anhydrous sodium sulfate solution, stirring, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, and reacting at constant temperature for 10 min; NaOH with the mass fraction of 5% is added while stirring to adjust the pH of the reaction system to be more than 10.5, then a certain amount of propylene oxide with the volume fraction of 10% is rapidly added, and the mixture is placed in a closed container to be etherified and reacted for 21 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ and the speed of 200 rpm. After the reaction is finished, the pH of the starch milk is adjusted to 5.5 by using dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%. Centrifuging by using a centrifuge to remove supernatant, centrifuging and washing by using distilled water with twice volume for 3 times, setting the rotating speed of the centrifuge to be 5000r/min and the centrifuging time to be 10min, and then reacting in an oven (40-45 ℃) for 10h to obtain the modified starch.
3. Preparing a starch solution with the mass fraction of 10-20%, wherein the starch comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of modified starch and G8070% of high amylose corn starch; and (3) putting the starch solution into a water bath kettle with a constant temperature of 93 ℃ and stirring for 40min to obtain a sol, keeping the temperature and defoaming, dipping the sol, drying at 35 ℃ for 8h, and demoulding to obtain the starch-based hard capsule, wherein the starch-based hard capsule meets the national relevant standards.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule, which comprises the following steps:
1. accurately weighing a certain amount of corn starch, placing the corn starch in a stainless steel blending container, preparing the starch into starch milk with the starch content of 40% by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.14 mol/L, placing the starch milk in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 37 ℃ and 200rpm for acidolysis for 18h, adjusting the pH value of the starch milk to 5.5 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5%, centrifuging by using a centrifuge to discard a supernatant, then centrifuging and washing by using distilled water with twice volume for 3 times, setting the rotating speed of the centrifuge to 5000r/min, setting the centrifugation time to 10min, and then reacting in an oven (40-45 ℃) for 11h to obtain the acidolysis starch.
2. Preparing the acidolysis starch obtained in the step 1 into starch milk with the starch content of 20% by using distilled water, pouring the starch milk into a stainless steel reactor, adding 10% by mass of anhydrous sodium sulfate solution, stirring, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, and reacting at constant temperature for 10 min; NaOH with the mass fraction of 5 percent is added while stirring to adjust the pH of the reaction system to be more than 10.5, then a certain amount of propylene oxide with the volume fraction of 30 percent is rapidly added, and the mixture is placed in a closed container to carry out etherification reaction for 24 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and at the speed of 200 rpm. After the reaction is finished, the pH of the starch milk is adjusted to 5.5 by using dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%. Centrifuging by using a centrifuge to remove supernatant, centrifuging and washing by using distilled water with twice volume for 3 times, setting the rotating speed of the centrifuge to be 5000r/min and the centrifuging time to be 10min, and then reacting in an oven (40-45 ℃) for 11h to obtain the modified starch.
3. Preparing a starch solution with the mass fraction of 10-20%, wherein the starch comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of modified starch and G8050% of high amylose corn starch; and (3) putting the starch solution into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 97 ℃ and stirring for 40min to obtain sol, keeping the temperature and defoaming, dipping the sol, drying at 38 ℃ for 9h, and demoulding to obtain the starch-based hard capsule, wherein the starch-based hard capsule meets the national relevant standards.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule, which comprises the following steps:
1. accurately weighing a certain amount of corn starch, placing the corn starch in a stainless steel blending container, preparing the starch into starch milk with the starch content of 40% by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.14 mol/L, placing the starch milk in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 40 ℃ and 200rpm for acidolysis for 12h, adjusting the pH value of the starch milk to 5.5 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5%, centrifuging by using a centrifuge to discard a supernatant, then centrifuging and washing by using distilled water with twice volume for 3 times, setting the rotating speed of the centrifuge to 5000r/min, setting the centrifugation time to 10min, and then reacting in an oven (40-45 ℃) for 12h to obtain the acidolysis starch.
2. Preparing the acidolysis starch obtained in the step 1 into starch milk with the starch content of 20% by using distilled water, pouring the starch milk into a stainless steel reactor, adding 10% by mass of anhydrous sodium sulfate solution, stirring, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, and reacting at constant temperature for 10 min; NaOH with the mass fraction of 5 percent is added while stirring to adjust the pH of the reaction system to be more than 10.5, then a certain amount of propylene oxide with the volume fraction of 20 percent is rapidly added, and the mixture is placed in a closed container to carry out etherification reaction for 22 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃ and at the speed of 200 rpm. After the reaction is finished, the pH of the starch milk is adjusted to 5.5 by using dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%. Centrifuging by using a centrifuge to remove supernatant, centrifuging and washing by using distilled water with twice volume for 3 times, setting the rotating speed of the centrifuge to be 5000r/min and the centrifuging time to be 10min, and then reacting in an oven (40-45 ℃) for 12h to obtain the modified starch.
3. Preparing a starch solution with the mass fraction of 10-20%, wherein the starch comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of modified starch and G8060% of high amylose corn starch; and (3) putting the starch solution into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 95 ℃ to stir for 40min, keeping the temperature and defoaming, dipping the starch solution in glue, drying at 35 ℃ for 6h, and demoulding to obtain the starch-based hard capsule, wherein the starch-based hard capsule meets the national relevant standards.
Performance analysis
The starch-based hard capsules prepared in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance testing, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1 TO 3 examination results of starch-based hard capsules
| Appearance character | Degree of friability | Disintegration time limit | |
| Example 1 | Relatively transparent and smooth surface | 3 | 10min |
| Example 2 | High transparency and smooth surface | 2 | 9min |
| Example 3 | High transparency and smooth surface | 0 | 8min |
It should be finally noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and that other variations and modifications based on the above description and thought may be made by those skilled in the art, and that all embodiments need not be exhaustive. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a starch-based hard capsule is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a proper amount of starch into starch milk with the starch content of 40% by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.14 mol/L, carrying out acidolysis for 6-24 h at 35-40 ℃ under the condition of 200rpm, adjusting the pH of the starch milk to 5.5 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5%, removing the supernatant after centrifugation, adding water with the volume twice of the volume, carrying out centrifugal washing for 3 times, and drying and reacting for 10-12 h at 40-45 ℃ to obtain acidolysis starch;
s2, taking the acidolysis starch obtained in the step S1, preparing starch milk with 20% of starch content by using water, adding 10% of anhydrous sodium sulfate solution by mass fraction, stirring, heating in water bath to 40 ℃, and reacting for 10 min; adding NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5% while stirring to adjust the pH of the reaction system to be more than 10.5, quickly adding propylene oxide with the volume fraction of 10-30%, and placing the mixture in a closed container to carry out etherification reaction for 21-24 hours at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ and at the speed of 200 rpm; then dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10% is used for adjusting the pH value of the starch milk to 5.5; centrifuging, removing supernatant, adding water with the volume twice that of the supernatant, centrifuging and washing for 3 times, and drying and reacting for 10-12 hours at 40-45 ℃ to obtain modified starch;
s3, preparing a starch solution with the mass fraction of 10-20%, wherein the starch consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of modified starch and 40-70% of high amylose corn starch G80; stirring the starch solution at 93-97 ℃ for 40min to obtain sol, keeping the temperature, defoaming, dipping the sol, drying at 35-38 ℃ for 6-9 h, and demolding to obtain the starch-based hard capsule;
wherein, the starch in the step S1 is any one or more of corn starch, cassava starch and potato starch.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the acidolysis in S1 is carried out at a reaction temperature of 40 ℃ for a reaction time of 12 hours.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of propylene oxide in S2 is 20%.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the etherification reaction temperature in S2 is 40 ℃ and the reaction time is 22 hours.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the centrifugation is performed at 5000r/min for 10min in S1 and S2.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the starch in S3 consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 40% modified starch and 60% high amylose corn starch G80.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the sol in S3 is 95 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying in S3 is performed at 35 ℃ for 6 hours.
9. Use of the starch-based hard capsules prepared by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for the preparation of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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| CN109452621B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-04-15 | 江南大学 | pH-sensitive starch-based microcapsule and preparation method thereof |
| CN113121709B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-08-26 | 仙乐健康科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of modified starch |
| CN112245589B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-09-30 | 甘肃世邦星达生物科技有限公司 | Modified starch for capsules and capsules |
| CN112552554B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-11-23 | 江南大学 | Processing method of self-reinforced starch-based multifunctional material |
| CN112552555A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-26 | 河南省化工研究所有限责任公司 | Preparation method of modified high amylose-based plant capsule |
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