CN108490906A - DCS controls fired power generating unit is improved to the design method having completely from start-stop function - Google Patents
DCS controls fired power generating unit is improved to the design method having completely from start-stop function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108490906A CN108490906A CN201810453651.4A CN201810453651A CN108490906A CN 108490906 A CN108490906 A CN 108490906A CN 201810453651 A CN201810453651 A CN 201810453651A CN 108490906 A CN108490906 A CN 108490906A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/41845—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by system universality, reconfigurability, modularity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/33—Director till display
- G05B2219/33273—DCS distributed, decentralised controlsystem, multiprocessor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
DCS controls fired power generating unit is improved to the design method having completely from start-stop function the present invention provides a kind of comprising check whether thermal power plant operating standard meets default thermal power plant operating standard；If, the functional group software configuration for then configuring full unit automatic start-stop on the basis of former DCS functional groups according to thermal power plant operating standard, unit and the process system being made of equipment and device are controlled and are monitored by total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup program and individual equipment operation sequence in start stop operation and completed in functional group software configuration；On the basis of DCS binary sequence logic controls, input analog controlling device, monitoring protection and control device and functional group and function subgroup set up start-up and shut-down control driver；In management function range, it is from top to bottom followed successively by total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup and individual equipment or device.The present invention can effectively shorten the one-key start time, be shortened to 1.5 hours from current two hours.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the DCS of thermal power generation monoblock (Distributed Control System, decentralised control systems
System) technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of that DCS controls fired power generating unit is improved to the design method having completely from start-stop function.
Background technology
Currently, power grid looks have been taken on an entirely new look, water power, nuclear power, wind-powered electricity generation ratio greatly improve, thermal power plant unit list
Machine capacity and automatization level greatly improve, and shoulder the challenge of peak load regulation network already.
Unit Commitment peak regulation is inevitable the fact, and unit will reduce operator to greatest extent from start-stop control function
Labor intensity, improve the reliability of shutdown process, unit made to spend most severe variable working condition ring in the case where optimizing start-up parameter
Border shortens and starts the time, reduces the life consumption of equipment, energy-saving and emission-reduction.Build the outstanding peak regulation environment of power grid fire coal large-sized unit
It is also the basic demand for building intelligent grid.
In the past, it is based on following situations, is generally believed for realizing that unit is difficult from start-stop function in dcs：
It will be that unit all cancels manually handle pipe valves from the consideration of start-stop function in the design phase, and realize a whole distant places certainly
It is dynamic.In the design phase of unit, it is desirable to which each professional participates in working out high-caliber operating standard, as thermal control professional
The foundation of design logic software.Analog quantity adjuster is required to be put into early days with the input of adjustment equipment from start-stop, current is
System or adjuster do not adapt to.Debugging work load is big, and the time is long.Unit design is horizontal insufficient, for the unit of infrequently start and stop,
A large amount of transformation input may economically lose more than gain.It is the problems such as due to history and idea, most outside the individual units of depolarization
The Large-scale fire-electricity unit of DCS controls does not design unit from start-stop function.The start and stop of unit are typically designed to coordinate electricity by value is long
The different majors operator such as gas, boiler, steam turbine and chemistry manually boots DCS software technologies rule one by one according to operating standard regulation
Each sequential control function subgroup as defined in model individually can remote operation or certain system equipment completion of the independence of local operation.
The technology status that sequential control is measured to the passes current unit DCS can be understood by appended DCS demand of technical standard.
It requires to see by the technology to DCS sequential controls, the function to DCS softwares all without requirement sequence automatic start-stop, but
Basic technology requires complete, detailed.And have a large amount of unit designs, construction, debugging and the experience of operation.In existing technology
On the basis of, it is that can realize that creating DCS controls the unit of unit from start-stop function or to transporting in Specification Design method through great efforts
Unit realizes unit from start-stop function by technological transformation.
Thermal power generation technique be one the chemical energy in fuel by burning, heating working medium, then made to have stored the work of heat
Matter expands, and generates mechanical energy and drives the tediously long technical process of electrical power generators.In the process can separately provide certain basis
The equipment of the function and device being made of as needed it, subsystem and system will by it is respective operation, monitoring, protection and
The control devices such as adjusting and means seriatim start up them from certain shutdown status, and strictly press given parameters transition
To by dispatch command generating state (dbjective state), and it is long-term strictly follow this instruction, scheduling to send out halt instruction, and thoroughly
It executes.
The unit of generating set from start-stop control system APS (Automatic Procedure System) be one in nothing
In the case that people interferes, electrification technique system equipment is put into operation by comprehensive, stringent and complicated condition, makes it into target
The machine unit automatic control system of state.Its electrification technique system mode in execution be actually one artificially design it is controllable
The process streams of electrification technique system variable working condition.The state being previously completed can be referred to as upstream, and the state of connecting is referred to as downstream.
Any unit and system all not no 100% reliabilities, process system part, certain portion of control system
Divide or certain stage may all fail, therefore, above-mentioned process stream can not only be realized by the automatic command of APS, should be able to also be complete
Portion is alternately performed realization seriatim or with the automatic command of subrange by the manual operator of design simultaneously.Therefore it is required that
APS, which will have receive to protect under any process stream state, to be instructed and stops, and is transitioned into the specified upstream of design and is stablized
State；And it sends out after signal notifies operator to handle and waits for；Should be able to also state point that accordingly hereafter operator selectes, connect again
Start APS processes.In unit self-starting process or in having reached the generator operation of dbjective state, ACS should monitor technique in real time
State and automatic device state, are ready to carry out command adapted thereto.Halted state waits for enabled instruction, and starting state, which waits for, to be stopped referring to
It enables.
The dispersion computer control system (DCS) that the computer for assigning function by several dispersions is constituted completes this process
Software needs special designing.The method of this design is exactly the design method to be illustrated herein.
It, which is generally comprised, obtains correct, complete design input, the assessment to input.It will be executed according to In-put design machine
Task, determine the logical relation between each task, determine when starting one or a set of task that process system is whole or local institute
The status condition of abundant and the necessary status condition and control system that should have counts each process elapsed-time standards, by dedicated computing
The timing inputs such as third party's monitoring arrangement, control device, protective device, condition and method other than machine, the setting of regulating device and
It adjusts strategy design, process system its stop and Stateful Inspection design when generator operation and Process History record design etc..
Generally, during process system start and stop (manually and automatically), upstream constitutes the ground of process dbjective state to be achieved
Realization is exactly to connect the necessary condition of starting or stoping of downstream process, therefore, control device answer strict implement control sequence and
The typical basic logic module of configuration of logic and optimization, with reduce workload and provide more people be carried out at the same time detailed design and
The common operational standard of configuration.This just needs to be proposed by higher and designer or synthesis goes out a unit and controlled from start stop system
Software architecture diagram.The figure clearly provide the existing basic structure guidance that entire unit should be applicable in from shutdown process, design method and
The basic logic and organizational principle of test stone, including：Order-driven logic between control software and controlled plant or device,
The multiple equipment or device shutdown process sequencing of identical function and status automatically select logic (ACS), complete function compared with
It is more complete in the functional group or functional group of one group of sequential control software of independent and perfect some processes systematic order start and stop
But the smaller part order control software of range is related to boiler turbine or other more phases from functional group control logic, range
Control logic is remembered to the unit or power plant of separate ranges.Often, the control logic of upper level is total to by its all subordinate's each section
With composition.
Control software structure is the core of Process control design, it is designed according to the function and specification and process system of DCS
It requires input to neutralize design with control to complete.He is control system DCS hardware configurations and software logic detailed design and software again
The foundation of configuration.It is not the unique of design method, nor the whole of design method.
In recent years, it is thus proposed that some units compare and one is typically arranged in dcs from the scheme and imagination of start-stop
Dedicated master controller outmatches on all systems designed in DCS system, and they are become in start-up course
Execution part of the unit from start stop system.But due to the system too complex, several " breakpoints " are set between process walks sequence,
It is no longer automatic to execute when program goes to " breakpoint ", it needs after waiting operations staffs to confirm, continues.Fig. 1 is open
A kind of 600MW units APS control system overall frame structure figures, its main feature is that seeming to give APS softwares, process system
The block diagram of relationship between control system, entire APS instructions are sent out by unit allocation machine, startup function group controlled stage, functional group
Control and startup function subgroup grade, subgroup grade start process equipment, but it has the disadvantage and insufficient, which is not specified by will be to
Go out the logical relation between at different levels, each logical organization, the APS overall construction drawings that its principle designs is used to be insufficient as establishment
With the foundation for coordinating each control logic and configuration control system hardware, do not illustrate APS systems in process system start-up course, just
The respective state and function that well-established law generator operation and stopped process are.Fig. 2 discloses a kind of APS control systems framework, be with
Haltingly enumerate what the examples of specified several process systems illustrated.Though providing point of process system sequence control system software
Grade grouping concept, but rashness is shown for the relationship system of each groups at different levels, it cannot function as the principle guidance of whole Software for Design.Together
Fig. 1 is the same, do not illustrate yet APS systems process system start-up course, positive well-established law generator operation and stopped process be it is respective
State and function.The structure takes out design principle not over practical citing, insufficient to the directiveness of designer.Fig. 3 is disclosed
Another APS control systems framework, it illustrates APS in power plant's master control by the relational graph between each subsystems of this DCS
Effect, the relationship between structure and DCS system, think that " power plant's master control system can functionally be divided into data acquisition
System (DAS), analog control system (MCS) and on/off control system (OCS) three parts.And on/off control system
(OCS) it is tight from start stop system (APS), Boiler Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System (FSSS), steam turbine that unit can be divided into again according to equipment
The subsystems such as jerk brake system (ETS), subsidiary engine sequence control system (SCS), electric control system (DEH).Analog control system
System (MCS) can be divided into Boiler-Turbine Systems (CCS), steam turbine digital regulating system (DEH), boiler regulating system according to equipment again
(BMCS, including pulverized coal preparation system MCS, air and flue system MCS, water supply MCS, temperature MCS etc.) and auxiliary control single loop are adjusted (AMCS) etc.
Subsystem.
A subsystems of the APS as power plant's master control, is a part of OCS, and when unit is from start and stop, it should be it
The upper control of his subsystem outmatches on other subsystems.And other subsystems are the execution part of APS respectively.”
APS directly controls corresponding subsystem in the schematic structure, in this way, entire interminable progress software logic and its instruction
APS is all started from, design and configuration work amount are quite big, to be repeated sometimes with running sequence logic, in normal operation
Two redundancy process systems require for some reason switching or start and stop, unit is in electric system off-the-line only house load operation
Afterwards arranged side by side again etc., should also carry out, but it is happened at during Unit Commitment automatically, and it is just not convenient enough or not to deal with
It is enough reasonable.
Process Control System is for process system optimal operation service, and Control System Design should be with process system thing
Industry can facilitate, is reasonable, efficient, premised on reliable optimal utilization resource, but the relationship illustrated lacks to APS into normally
Applicable after generator operation provides design principle, like Olympic venue and accessory building are designs playing benefit during the course of the Olympic Games
Basic goal, but also to take into account utilize after the meeting it is the same, be considered as when carrying out the software structure design of APS process system etc. certain
A little ranges and certain states can also be directly realized by using the partial software of APS under the part or the state from start and stop, and it is straight
Connect design under the range or state first blamed in advance from start stop operation environment.
In this way, there is the DCS of APS functions that should just improve into software configuration as shown in Figure 4.Description of the drawings is shown in its detailed description
Section.
Therefore, many difficulties of the above-mentioned realization unit from start-stop can be overcome there is an urgent need to a kind of in practice, in technology groups
The Control System for Thermal Power Units design method for taking corresponding measure is knitted, realizes in newly-built or operating unit technological transformation and improves unit
The method from start-stop function.
Invention content
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is complete DCS controls fired power generating unit that the present invention provides a kind of
It is apt to the design method having completely from start-stop function comprising following steps：S1, checks whether thermal power plant operating standard accords with
It closes and presets thermal power plant operating standard；S2, if so, according to the thermal power plant operating standard in former DCS functional groups base
The functional group software configuration that full unit automatic start-stop is configured on plinth, in the functional group software configuration：Any thermal power plant
Involved unit and the process system being made of the equipment and device are run in start stop operation by unit work(
It can total group, functional group, function subgroup program and individual equipment or the control of device operation sequence and monitoring completion；S3, in DCS bis-
On the basis of system sequence logical control works fine, input analog controlling device, monitoring protection and control device and the functional group or institute
It states function subgroup and sets up start-up and shut-down control driver；Wherein, in the management function range of the functional group software configuration, by upper
Total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup and individual equipment or device are followed successively by under and.
In design method as described above, it is preferable that before step S3, further include：S4, if device opens
Stop sequence be it is arranged side by side when, then first by user select start and stop object, then completed by automatic selective system；Wherein, the automatic choosing
The system of selecting starts or stops the function subgroup program of start and stop object described in start and stop, and the function subgroup program is suitable according to technological requirement
Sequence ground start and stop relevant device.
In design method as described above, it is preferable that the functional group software configuration of the full unit automatic start-stop passes through
Configuration completion is carried out to the configuration instrument that former DCS platforms provide.
In design method as described above, it is preferable that in step s 2, total group of the unit function, functional group, function
Subgroup and individual equipment or device are equipped with corresponding operator performed by the user in order to which the technical process from start and stop is arranged
Range and process terminus.
In design method as described above, it is preferable that the technical process range and process terminus include：Big light maintenance
Cold start afterwards；Double shift shuts down peak regulation and double shift shuts down the hot starting, hot start after peak regulation；It is hot after unit failure shutdown
Or very hot startup；Electric network fault unit is with grid disconnection with the again grid-connected on-load after station service；There is the event of bright standby subsidiary engine
Standby self-closing after barrier；Periodically switching redundant configuration subsidiary engine rotation operation；Load shedding depth peak regulation process and load shedding depth tune
Unit adjustment start and stop subsidiary engine number of units after peak process subtracts application of load.
The advantageous effect that technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：
The one-key start time is shortened, was shortened to 1.5 hours from current two hours.
By verifying whether thermal power plant operating standard meets default thermal power plant operating standard, not only meet production
Prepare to require, moreover it is possible to provide detailed and correct design logic from start-stop functional configuration for DCS.
By the function of configuring full unit automatic start-stop on the basis of former DCS functional groups according to thermal power plant operating standard
Group software configuration, and the management function range in functional group software configuration is using total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup
With individual equipment or device level Four so that simple in structure, form is similar, has typical logic template that can follow, greatly reduces work
It measures.
Description of the drawings
The accompanying drawings which form a part of this application be used for provide to the present invention use control software structure into
One step understands that the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, does not constitute the improper limit to the present invention
It is fixed.
Fig. 1 is a kind of existing 600MW units APS control system overall frame structure schematic diagrames.
Fig. 2 is a kind of existing APS control systems architectural configurations schematic diagram.
Relation schematic diagrams of the Fig. 3 between each subsystems of existing another kind DCS.
Fig. 4 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention a kind of DCS is controlled fired power generating unit to improve to having completely from start-stop function
Functional group software configuration schematic diagram in design method.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention
Mode is described in further detail.It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for describing and explaining
The present invention is not intended to restrict the invention.
DCS controls fired power generating unit is improved to having completely from the design side of start-stop function an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of
Method comprising following steps：
S1, checks whether thermal power plant operating standard meets default thermal power plant operating standard；
S2, if so, configuring full unit automatic start-stop on the basis of former DCS functional groups according to thermal power plant operating standard
Functional group software configuration, in functional group software configuration：Any thermal power plant runs involved unit and by setting
The process system of standby and device composition passes through total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup program and list in start stop operation
A equipment operating procedures control and monitoring are completed；
S3, on the basis of DCS binary sequence logic controls, input analog controlling device, monitoring protection and control dress
It sets and sets up start-up and shut-down control driver with functional group or function subgroup；
Wherein, in the management function range of functional group software configuration, total group of unit function, function are from top to bottom followed successively by
Group, function subgroup and individual equipment or device.
Preferably, before step S3, further include：S4, if device start and stop sequence be it is arranged side by side, first by with
Family selects start and stop object, is then completed by automatic selective system；Wherein, automatic selective system starts or stops start and stop start and stop object
Function subgroup program, function subgroup program is according to technological requirement sequentially start and stop relevant device.
Preferably, the functional group software configuration of full unit automatic start-stop by configuration instrument that former DCS platforms are provided into
Row configuration is completed.
Preferably, in step s 2, total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup and individual equipment or device are equipped with
Corresponding operator performed by the user is in order to being arranged technical process range and process terminus from start and stop.
Preferably, technical process range and process terminus include：Cold start after big light maintenance；Double shift shuts down peak regulation
The hot starting, hot start after peak regulation is shut down with double shift；Hot or very hot startup after unit failure shutdown；Electric network fault unit with
Grid disconnection is with the again grid-connected on-load after station service；There is the standby self-closing after bright standby auxiliary machinery fault；Periodically switching redundancy
Configure subsidiary engine rotation operation；Unit after load shedding depth peak regulation process and load shedding depth peak regulation process adjusts start and stop subsidiary engine platform
Several subtracts application of load.
Through the above scheme, the one-key start time is shortened, was shortened to 1.5 hours from current two hours.
Unit is designed in fired power generating unit DCS technical foundation from start-stop function, it should be operator in unit control
Room determines system scope and target of the unit from start-stop according to unit operation condition, sends out instruction.DCS according to from stop instruction by
Design step sequence execute, plant operators by it is original and for self-starting add Resource Design monitored picture, with sound and light signal
Monitor automated procedure, and construct people to handle equipment failure in automated procedure, to ensure that next step sequence is normally carried out, until
Reach target.
It is participated in because automated procedure is unmanned, therefore in the process, in addition to by the performed process of former binary sequence control, from
Dynamic device must also in due course machine input start technical process in analog quantity adjustment equipment, as regulating valve, air door and baffle,
The protection equipment of analog quantity adjuster and process equipment corresponding to frequency converter, electrohydraudic servomechanism and dedicated monitoring device etc.,
Boiler feedwater, air quantity, Limestone control during such as and Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System monitoring arrangement.These devices enter with
Past binary sequence control, has made control process become increasingly complex, for the sake of difference, directly referred to as sequential control.But
Be, sequential control software configuration and distributed computer hardware resource distribution on should retain as possible each range and each sequence two into
The startup of sequence control procedure processed and stopping means, their operating status is constant, and data still set local online operation by former cloth,
Only to be newly added to nonbinary software section with APS functional sequence control softwares work out corresponding unit or
The driver for still being started or being stopped with binary instruction of special-purpose software.
Operating standard is to write the foundation of operation order.Power plant production scene operating standard is produced on-site operations staff behaviour
Make, monitoring, the code of conduct for checking administered equipment and system, be on how to start, normal operation and stop next system,
One unit, a power plant and the criterion and detailed procedure that how to handle various abnormalities.Operating standard be safety, it is economical,
Correctly start operation, stop an equipment, the basic foundation of a system, a unit and entire power plant.
Operating standard is to contain 72, power plant to have the production run regulation of respectively corresponding numbering system, can be ensured
Power plant's any production behavior of operations staff on each post of the value including long has regulation can be according to；And ensure power plant
Each any equipment, system, unit participated in or production run will be participated in directly to work in production process
There are corresponding control, monitoring and abnormality processing regulation with public structures.
Obtain preset thermal power plant operating standard foundation include：By design department provide system process figure,
Process (or pipeline) meter diagram (Process (or Pipe) and Instrumentation Diagrams-P＆ID)；By designing
The systems design specification that department provides；System wiring figure and protection seting value；Instrument arrangement figure；Power plant equipment number, life
Name principle and physical device number, drawing and inventory；According to above-mentioned each drawing and each operating system figure worked out by power plant；If
The operation instructions of standby producer regulation, operation instructions or producer for user；The disk figure of operation panel or control panel；Computer point
Dissipate the picture of control system；Industry technology relevant departments issues typical regulation and technical specification；Industry technology and the centralized portion of safety
Door issues anti-accident measures, technical measures and security situation notification.Default thermal power plant operating standard includes three levels：System
System operating standard, unit operation regulation and power-plant operation regulation.Wherein, system operation regulation is on how to deactivation, just
Operation (or monitoring) rule of often operation (monitoring, is safeguarded and adjusted operation) and the next equipment of safe stopping or a system with
Detailed procedure should include automated manner, distant place manual mode and the different operations method such as manual mode on the spot.Unit operation regulation
Be on how to deactivation, normal operation (monitoring, operation, safeguard and adjust) and the next unit of safe stopping (including steam turbine, send out
Motor, boiler or the monoblock being made of them) operation (or monitoring) rule and detailed procedure, be to be advised in system operation
, it is specified that how to run each system and complete the operation of entire unit in the case that journey has been basically completed.Its purposes is only in the machine
The detailed procedure for operating each system is provided for operations staff in group range, includes when, where, how to go to operate, and is led to after operation
What is crossed understand the result of the operation and whether occurs really and distinct device and the corresponding treatment principle of system or method.The regulation
Should include automated manner, distant place manual mode and the different operations method such as manual mode on the spot.Power-plant operation regulation be about
How value long goes commander to start if being, normal operation (monitoring, operation are safeguarded and adjusted) and the next unit of safe stopping (including steam turbine,
Generator, boiler or the monoblock being made of them) and synergic system operation (or monitoring) rule and detailed procedure.
Each the content of level operating standard includes：1) content that should work out before DCS designs may include：About equipment
Or the start stop operation of system or unit；About equipment or the permission operating status of system；Fortune in relation to normal operation and after stopping transport
Row；Protection and automatic device (the automatic excision of interlocking or input) in relation to system；About running alarm；About exception and thing
Therefore and about routine test.2) content that should be worked out after DCS Design Internet Applications freeze may include：Picture configuration, switching,
Picture structure；Configuration, display methods, refreshing and the measuring point failure of monitoring amount；The setting of alarm, partition of the level, alarm screen, report
Operator response after police shields and releases from prison；Treatment principle after systems diagnostic information and alarm；Tendency chart is worked out and printing；Value
Class's monitoring and operating method；Configuration, state reality, monitoring, excision and the input of automatic device；Analog quantity technological parameter adjuster
Setting, monitoring, excision and input, limits and adjustment；Setting, monitoring, input and the excision of sequence operation automatic device,
The application of Operating Guideline；The use of forceful electric power operation panel and operating instruction；The operating standard of special monitoring means is such as：Industrial television,
DCS large screens, printer, screen copy machine, history station CD writer and historical summary CD；The operation of control device, such as to control
Control equipment Inspection and maintenance and exception reporting.3) annex of operating standard may include：Equipment overview；The model of equipment, rule
Lattice and normal operation are the practical parameter controlled of hardware and normal value and its permission upper and lower limits；Device-dependent monitoring, behaviour
Make position, monitoring and the operation panel of man-machine interface, picture diagram, layout drawing etc., the visible non-standard Chinese character of man-machine interface with
Standard Chinese character to making a list；Protect definite value list；The operating system figure referred in regulation.
As shown in figure 4, configuring the functional group structure of full unit automatic start-stop on the basis of former DCS functional groups.Lead in figure
Its right of horizontal alignment for crossing the extraction of its right is instructed with the next stage sequence logical delivery that box indicates or associated process systems
Status command, and so on, until the instruction to designated equipment is completed, return to status information position, exactly instruction is completed.
In the box right of expression group (general function group, functional group and its subgroup), there are one downward arrows, indicate from it to the right
From top to bottom draw horizontal line after logic software will top-down execution in order, design and configuration should also strictly observe this
One principle.The lower section of box three vertical setting of types circle stain indicate be：After its top same or similar logic or logical combination
It is also very much, until corresponding technical process terminates.
All sequence control structures are as shown in Figure 4：Any unit and the work with specific function being made of them
Process system passes through total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup program and individual equipment operation sequence control in start stop operation
System and monitoring are completed.Unit function always organizes the driving stage for including several functional group programs, they are according to unit fired power generating unit work
The process system respective functional group of sequence start and stop one by one.This functional group program is to blame some in electrification technique by multiple identical
The technique subsystem of equipment composition, such as feed pump, wind turbine, controller of coal mill of boiler.The functional group software configuration is switched in former DCS
It measures what development on the Topical Dispersion architecture basics of sequence control system came, level-one is increased only in software program structure rank
" total group of unit function ", as long as managing each hosts of units such as boiler, steam turbine, generator and station service and its starting environment
Preparatory function.Its addition weaves into tool and design and configuration can be completed without development again or special introduction third party.
Software package is divided into level Four from top to bottom according to its management function range：Total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup and single
Device, individual equipment or device are most subordinate in various functions group, have higher level's control and coordination between aforementioned level Four
Subordinate concurrently or sequentially or parallel can sequentially be executed by certain logical relation according to technical process.In cold conditions self-triggered program,
But except always group is outer for unit function, neither one be it is independent outside, be all controlled or coordination.Since some process equipments can
It inconvenient can be included in some group, but it is independent in more higher leveled group, therefore the process system for being incorporated into different groups can be work(
Can group, from functional group, specific installation or individual automatic regulator for function, it is also possible to redundancy process equipment ACS is automatically selected
System.
Multiple identical devices how start and stop, who is first after whom, by ACS (Automatic choose system, from
Dynamic selection system) it completes.After selected start and stop object, ACS starts or stops the function subgroup program of the start and stop equipment, subgroup program
According to technological requirement sequentially start and stop relevant device, the hair start and stop of function subgroup program are instructed to their corresponding devices
Driver, start and stop correspond to equipment.Waiting for that the functional group software is finished, process system startup realizes start and stop target call,
There is corresponding confirmation signal to return again simultaneously, if meeting the start and stop item for coming next functional group in total group of unit function at this time
Part, he will successively start next functional group, execute aforementioned similar task until Unit Commitment, which reaches, specifies target, with this
Analogize.
The basic configuration tool software that program as above can use DCS platforms to provide completely is complete by the configuration process of standard
At only needing flow scheme design, work without other software development.
Classical binary sequence logic, without joining as adjusting the equipment that door, air door and baffle etc. realize that analog quantity is adjusted
Add, but must automatically adjust certain tittle in start and stop full-automatic process or be allowed to maintain certain level, it is necessary to they be added to suitable
In the ranks of sequence start and stop, for this to soft SA MA (the Scientific Apparatus Makers of existing analog quantity adjusting
Association it) must be revised.It first has to enable analog quantity adjustment equipment driving logic that corresponding (SAMA) logic to be allowed to connect
It is put into unperturbed by automatic Transition after starting logic；Its is secondary to allow adjuster to have exact adjusting in the whole process started or stoped
Measure given value.This given value can generally be provided by the function of unit institute on-load.For increasingly complex electro-hydraulic adjusting door
It is by DEH (Digital Electro-Hydraulic control) electrohydraulic control equipment similar manner interface.In this way
Just the switching value successive control system SCS of former only management digital output modul is extended and is improved as in schedulable and control DCS system
The sequential control of portion all whole devices and equipment entering order automatic start-stop.But what is be added only receives each upper layer software (applications)s of APS
The driver of the switching value instruction of structure reconnects controlled Analog control by driver, third party provides monitoring and protects
Shield and control device do not make to be detached from switching value instruction from start stop system, and complicate.Be design greatly simplify with it is smooth.
APS switching values instruct and Analog control, third party provide and use specific drivers between monitoring protection and control device, make
Previous APS cancels " breakpoint " and is possibly realized, and forms unit truly from start and stop.These drivers can pass through
What DCS was provided weaves into configuration instrument realization.Designer and DCS maintenance personnel with Analog control designer, third party
It provides after monitoring that the producer technical staff of protection and control device negotiates and is relatively low, requirement and standard can be grasped, and be able to reality
It applies.
In such software logic structure, only it administers the sequence of the driving logic and each equipment of equipment in function subgroup
Start and stop and watchdog logic；And only included in functional group and total group of function he administration function subgroup start and stop logic and it is several individually
The driving logic of some process equipments, simple in structure, form is similar, has typical logic template that can follow, therefore can greatly subtract
Few workload.
State when fired power generating unit starts is varied, to fully meet activated range, target and set state selection
With the type of optimization and determination, such as：
Cold start after big light maintenance；Double shift shuts down peak regulation and hot starting, hot start thereafter；Heat after unit failure shutdown
State or very hot startup；Electric network fault unit is with grid disconnection with the again grid-connected on-load after station service；There is bright standby subsidiary engine
Standby self-closing after failure；With the on-load etc. after load shedding depth peak regulation.
Functional group software configuration in the present invention inherits the modularization supported by DCS configuration softwares and function, and uses
Software presses sub- technique start and stop sequence dispersed modules sequential processes, and management technique system scope is different, and dispersed modules size is also different,
Some a set of auxiliary systems of management, some only manage a specific installation, the start and stop of the respective modules of the technique subsystem of dispersion
Higher level's overall process system respective modules management is focused on again.
If wanting to improve DCS controls fired power generating unit to having completely from start-stop function, it is necessary to obtain fully necessary standard first
True design input.Design input can assist user to improve Unit Commitment automated software design requirement.And monoblock
Operation has priority, then good automatic device must also configure the condition that can be manually implemented by operator, and allows operation
Member abides by the operating instruction all provided.Operator's operating instruction, which should be most basic start and stop automated software design, to be needed
It asks.Unit operation regulation be it is synchronous with unit design process carry out, by user device fabrication producer and designing institute assistance
Under, the operation model with reference to same type units is completed before unit operation and issues implementation.But each factory's version level difference is larger,
It still cannot function as the demand from start-stop utility control program.It needs to work out default thermal power plant operating standard thus.This not only may be used
The quality and level for improving thermal power plant's operating standard, it is to have detailed and correct software to need from start-stop functional configuration also to make DCS
It asks.
The step of realizing above-mentioned design method to transformation project below illustrates：
1, it checks whether thermal power plant operating standard meets default thermal power plant operating standard, does not meet still such as, group
The relevant units such as client's Operational preparation department or operating management department, process equipment manufacturing firm, DCS service providers are knitted to re-start
Establishment or revision comply with default thermal power plant operating standard.According to each in the investigation of previous log and verification process
The process elapsed-time standards of step.
2, after in thermal power plant, operating standard meets default thermal power plant operating standard, by its cold start regulation with
The sequence block diagram (or functional group software configuration) of individual equipment boot sequence and entry condition design equipment start-up course.It needs
To illustrate that：In sequence block diagram, the boot sequence between each equipment applies line and curve connection with the arrow, sequential series to open
Dynamic one line connection of use, indicates that previous equipment start completion, the equipment being connect with arrow start to start, can open simultaneously side by side
Dynamic, several lines with the arrow can be drawn in previous equipment, are connected to relevant device, expression is set with what these line arrows were connect
It is standby simultaneously to start by identical entry condition, start target until reaching.
3, it according to DCS-SCS (Sequence Control System) systems design specifications and logic chart, is set above-mentioned
The SCS functional groups designed, function subgroup are marked on the sequence block diagram of standby start-up course and are included in agenda
Specific installation indicates its title, and checks the entry condition about technique that operating standard requires them.It will not yet mark
The equipment of SCS is walked sequence and connected each other by technique start and stop is divided into several groups centered on large-scale subsidiary engine or main device or system
And function subgroup is named as with unit or technique subsystem.Analyze again boot sequence relationship between new function subgroup and
Technique contacts, and being wherein closely connected, part is respectively labeled as several functional groups.Remaining device will be used as specific installation
Into structure.
4, count and draw up according to software requirement and must increased monitoring system equipment state or the new of systematic parameter set
Sensor and specification.
5, by the level range of functional group, function subgroup and individual equipment, draw up being supplemented into from start-stop journey of newly marking
The equipment of sequence, content include：Location of the machine to be installed；Type of drive at present；The driving mechanism attribute of target is transformed and for hand on the spot
Dynamic/distant place automatic switching mode and the headstock/junction box/control box being equipped with；Power and control signal is driven to access corridor road
Diameter and length, statistics driving cable and control cable core number.
6, the DPU designed according to former SCS functional groups and function subgroup determines the design quantity of newly-increased DPU.
7, list statistics increase newly all kinds of I/O quantity, according to I/O by the security doctrines such as process equipment Relatively centralized distribute to
DPU is configured and is increased various I/O modules quantity and auxiliary module quantity newly.
8, it configures and increases power module and digital communication network module quantity needed for various modules newly.
9, it configures and increases man-machine interface newly, wherein should include two ultra-high definition displays, to show complicated technology system full figure
With overall start and stop logic etc..
10, design interior of equipment cabinet arrangement, and determine cabinet quantity.
11, control room cabinet standby spacing, optimized control room cabinet arrangement are reconnoitred.
12, the Preliminary design of newly-increased control system hardware is completed.
13, according to the start and stop sequence of functional group, function subgroup or individual equipment in total group of unit function, draw up Zu Nei subordinates
Functional group and its it is subordinate to process equipment and single-row equipment and respective entry condition, confirms after startup and reach target as possible
More various forms of return signals (or can be used as one of the necessary condition of enabled instruction of lower step sequence after logical combination), respectively
Input/output signal in single step elapsed-time standards and software group.
14, being input to Microsoft project management software Microsoft Project from start stop system sequential logic block diagram
Professional obtains the Gantt chart of entire shutdown process, obtains the time schedule and correlation of entire start-up course.For
Shorten and start the time, reduce consumption, it is necessary to establish shutdown process time shaft and step sequence is needed to wait for and accordingly be started or stoped
The operation waiting mechanism of condition moves integrally the Startup time of boiler or steam turbine subsidiary engine or auxiliary process system on Gantt chart,
It is counted subsidiary engine is started from steam turbine side, when to from boiler water filling to boiler main steam through switching to before steam turbine main inlet throttle-stop valve with steam turbine
Prepare just appropriately to be connected before carrying out red switch, optimizes the overall startup time.Optimize correlation on Gantt chart according to different operating modes
After functional group Startup time difference, management is always organized by unit function as one of correlation function group entry condition.Unit function is total
Group enabled instruction button, which is sent out, instructs the moment to should be used as time shaft starting point.
Design device failure in shutdown process changes hands dynamic Restoration Mechanism automatically.For from start and stop queue
Equipment fault, but without it is spare when, program terminates and enters and waits for automatically, and operator changes hands dynamic, member to be operated processing, operator
After the completion of processing, by the start button on the nearest affiliated start-up operation device of upstream program group, program is connected in fault point and is carried out.
15, it verifies DCS-SCS and is participating in sequence equipment for increasing newly with the driving logic of various process equipments and device
Adequacy.Supplement starts the start and stop driving logic that input serves as the equipment of simulation adjustment.
Ensureing that all kinds of protective devices action of each process equipment and device executes is connect from driving stage override grade instruction place
Enter.Protection sends out corresponding sound-light alarm when starting.
16, the equipment adjuster control logic for all serving as simulation adjustment is verified, whole can be adapted to by new design
Adjustment process requirement after device drives logic starts, main steam pressure and fuel control especially before set grid-connection.
17, according to configured software configuration, since total group of unit function, according to what is determined in software logic block diagram
Software execution sequence and interrelated logic requirement, increase SCS newly the Logical Configuration of part, and accessed with correlated condition in corresponding site
Has functional group and subgroup or equipment.
18, the process monitoring picture and its operator that design unit function is always organized.It should be designed in monitoring screen arbitrary manually
One picture recalls mechanism and sequence is automatically brought into operation picture (i.e. process goes to that step, automatic on picture from mechanism is followed
It presents and allows a person to see that position in the process system residing for operation equipment and related system state and medium parameter and walk in one's power
Sequence logic chart and this step elapsed-time standards process), the two can optional one.
Recalling picture manually at least should include：It can completely reflect that the simulation drawing of complete machine process system active state, complete machine open
Stop time schedule and logical block progress；It can completely reflect technique system corresponding with each group functional software (functional group, function subgroup)
The simulation drawing and respective range start-stop time progress and logical block progress for active state of uniting；Each group functional software carries equipment and opens
Stop the dynamic logic figure of condition；The dynamic SAMA figures of each analog quantity adjuster；The configuration of the various protective devices of crew qiting
Point, protection domain, alarm and breaking customization.
19, configuration preceding dynamic menu in one's power.
New construction can be extended in original not from the design template of start-stop function by the design method.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of DCS control fired power generating unit improve to the design method having completely from start-stop function, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
S1, checks whether thermal power plant operating standard meets default thermal power plant operating standard；
S2, if so, configuring full unit automatic start-stop on the basis of former DCS functional groups according to the thermal power plant operating standard
Functional group software configuration, in the functional group software configuration：The involved unit of any thermal power plant operation and
The process system being made of the equipment and device passes through total group of unit function, functional group, function subgroup in start stop operation
Program and individual equipment or the control of device operation sequence and monitoring are completed；
S3, on the basis of DCS binary sequence logic controls, input analog controlling device, monitoring protection and control device with
The functional group or the function subgroup set up start-up and shut-down control driver；
Wherein, in the management function range of the functional group software configuration, total group of unit function, function are from top to bottom followed successively by
Group, function subgroup and individual equipment or device.
2. design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before step S3, further include：
S4 first selects start and stop object by user, is then by automatically selecting if the start and stop sequence of device is arranged side by side
System is completed；
Wherein, the automatic selective system starts or stops the function subgroup program of start and stop object described in start and stop, function
Group program is according to technological requirement sequentially start and stop relevant device.
3. design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The functional group software configuration of the full unit automatic start-stop is complete by the configuration instrument progress configuration provided former DCS platforms
At.
4. design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 2, total group of the unit function, function
Group, function subgroup and individual equipment or device are equipped with corresponding operator performed by the user in order to which the work from start and stop is arranged
Skill process range and process terminus.
5. design method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The technical process range and process terminus include：Cold start after big light maintenance；
Double shift shuts down peak regulation and double shift shuts down the hot starting, hot start after peak regulation；
Hot or very hot startup after unit failure shutdown；
Electric network fault unit is with grid disconnection with the again grid-connected on-load after station service；
There is the standby self-closing after bright standby auxiliary machinery fault；
Periodically switching redundant configuration subsidiary engine rotation operation；
Unit adjustment start and stop subsidiary engine number of units after load shedding depth peak regulation process and load shedding depth peak regulation process subtracts application of load.
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