CN108490488A - It is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scattering imaging method and device - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scattering imaging method and device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
- G01V1/302—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures in 3D data cubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
- G01V1/345—Visualisation of seismic data or attributes, e.g. in 3D cubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/70—Other details related to processing
- G01V2210/74—Visualisation of seismic data
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging method and devices, belong to technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular to it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scattering imaging method and device.The present invention carries out eigentransformation using long short time-window to the slot wave record received than method first, and the slot wave record by transformation, the variation of slot wave signal amplitude feature therein is protruded, to weaken interference of the slot wave Dispersion to resolution ratio；Secondly, Common scatter point gathers are extracted to the slot wave record after transformation, is imaged using the scattering wave imaging method based on equivalent offset, achieve the purpose that improve slot wave record imaging precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging method and devices, belong to technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular to Yi Zhongji
In when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scattering imaging method and device.
Background technology
Seam seismic exploration is detected in coal seam variation of lithological and coal seam using the guided wave for exciting and propagating in coal seam
A kind of geophysical method of anomalous structure.Since the accuracy rate of seam seismic exploration is higher, detection range is larger, it is in coal mine
Application in exploitation is more and more extensive.But slot wave signal has Dispersion Characteristics, usual energy is weaker, and the noise of record compares
It is low, seriously affect the successful application of slot wave detection.For this purpose, slot wave data are also using multiple folded in similar surface seismic exploration
Add technology.However, slot wave is dispersion wave, it has very high frequency, very wide frequency band, if slot wave common midpoint gather
(CMP) good effect can't be obtained directly into action correction, superposition as surface seismic exploration.Therefore, slot wave data
Using envelope be superimposed method handled, i.e., to data carry out Hilbert transformation after do envelope superposition again, to offset at
Picture.Since this method requires less parallel between anomalous structure and reception tunnel, but in practice between anomalous structure and tunnel
There are different angles, while the Dispersion that slot wave has so that envelope is wider, and it is folded that total reflection is difficult to realize after envelope superposition
Add.Therefore, imaging effect of the channel wave survey in different regions differs greatly, and adaptability is poor.
It is the advanced algorithm occurred in recent years to scatter wave imaging method, and good imaging quality, there is presently no applications
It is imaged in slot wave.It is a relatively good selection to carry out slot wave data imaging using this method, but envelope superposition resolution ratio is relatively low
The problem of still can influence the application of this method, need to adopt an effective measure in application process, avoid envelope superposition to resolution ratio
It influences.
Invention content
The present invention is mainly the above-mentioned technical problem solved present in the prior art, provides window energy when one kind is based on
The channel wave seismic scattering imaging method and device of ratio.This method and device use long short time-window to the slot wave record received first
Eigentransformation is carried out than method, the slot wave record by transformation, the variation of slot wave signal amplitude feature therein is protruded, to
Weaken interference of the slot wave Dispersion to resolution ratio；Then Common scatter point gathers are extracted to the slot wave record after transformation, uses base
It is imaged in the scattering wave imaging method of equivalent offset, achievees the purpose that improve slot wave record imaging precision.
The above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly to be addressed by following technical proposals：
(1), slot wave single shot record is established the roads observation system Hou An to sequentially input, window energy ratio when by road, node-by-node algorithm,
Carry out eigentransformation；
(2), the slot wave after transformation is recorded and is reset, the reflected energy on common midpoint gather is mapped to scattering hyperbola
On, form Common scatter point gathers (CSP)；
(3), suitable frequency range is selected to be filtered in CSP trace gathers；
(4), velocity analysis is carried out to CSP trace gathers, obtains migration velocity；
(5), CSP trace gathers are superimposed using Kirchhoff integral equations and are summed, obtain migration imaging section.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that：The present invention by doing eigentransformation to original single shot record, highlights first
Amplitude characteristic at slot wave position, to improve the resolution ratio of slot wave signal.Then it is imaged using scattered wave in imaging, this
Kind of method has preferable imaging effect to complicated geological target and low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, use it for slot wave data at
Picture can significantly improve and detect precision to mine disaster hidden danger.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the techniqueflow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is STA/LTA techniqueflow charts；
Fig. 3 is that slot wave simulates the front and back comparisons of single shot record STA/LTA；
Fig. 4 is that the slot wave of noise has been added to simulate the front and back comparisons of single shot record STA/LTA；
Fig. 5 is that the practical slot wave data based on STA/LTA scatter imaging results.
Specific implementation mode
Below with reference to the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment：
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is realized by following steps：
(1), slot wave single shot record is established the roads observation system Hou An to sequentially input, by road as the following formula to each sampling point meter
Window energy ratio when calculation substitutes original sample point value with result of calculation.It is specific as shown in Figure 2.
In formula, j represents sampling instant, and CF (j) is the characteristic function value of j moment slot wave signals, and when calculating uses root mean square
Amplitude, STA be short time-window in signal characteristic average value of a function, LTA be it is long when window in signal characteristic average value of a function, M and N
Sample number when respectively long and short in window.
(2), according to relationship when walking of focus-scattering point-receiving point, it is converted into single square root by double square root equation
Equation (following formula) recycles single square root equation centered on scattering point, to be mapped in the sampled point of all aqueducts given
On equivalent offset road, Common scatter point gathers (CSP) are formed.
In formula, x is scattering point at a distance from common point is between floor projection, t0It is the vertical one way trip at scattering point
When row, v is t0The root mean sequare velocity at place, h are half geophone offset, heFor equivalent offset.
(3), spectrum scan done to the CSP trace gathers of slot wave data, select useful signal energy frequency range most outstanding into
Row filtering.
(4), velocity analysis, the energy group in pickup velocity spectrum, as t are using CSP trace gathers0The root mean square speed at moment
Degree, obtains migration velocity.
(5), sum to CSP trace gathers using Kirchoff integral equations, obtain the offset achievement of CSP trace gathers as a result,
The migration imaging formula of CSP trace gathers can be written as：
In formula, Pout(x, y, z, t=0) is imaging results,For the input wave field x, y, z of CSP trace gathers
For the coordinate position of scattering point trace gather, t is time, △ heFor equivalent offset interval, π is pi constant, and cos θ are to tilt
The factor, vrmsFor root mean sequare velocity, r is distance of the input point to output point, and ρ (t) represents the time-derivative of input wave field, heFor
Equivalent offset；Symbol * is convolution operator, and ∑ expression is summed in optimized migration pore diameter range.
(6), geological anomalous body that may be present is explained according to migration imaging result.
Window ratio when by calculating energy to input record so that useful signal can be showed in the form of lineups,
Referring to Fig. 3-1,3-2.Wherein, Fig. 3-1 be input original slot wave record, 3-2 be by when window energy ratio eigentransformation after
Record.Slot wave record by transformation, the slot wave signal showed in the form of lineups is easier to identify, and the note after transformation
Record also has weak signal preferable reservation, while the energy strong or weak relation for recording upper useful signal is not also cut after the conversion
It is weak.
Add data of making an uproar referring to Fig. 4-1, pair plus record of the data of making an uproar when carrying out after window energy ratio eigentransformation referring to Fig. 4-2.
As can be seen that when window energy ratio eigentransformation pair plus the processing for data of making an uproar can equally improve the resolution of slot wave.In addition, adding
It makes an uproar in record, through slot wave is submerged in noise with reflection slot wave overlapping part and is difficult to differentiate, and window energy ratio feature becomes when passing through
It changes, this part signal is preferably restored, and the signal-to-noise ratio entirely recorded is promoted.
Fig. 5 is imaged as a result, in imaging results with the method for the present invention, and darker regions energy is weaker, belongs to normal region, shallow
Color region energy is stronger, is abnormal area.There are when the anomalous bodys such as tomography, karst collapse col umn, goaf around tunnel, with anomalous body
Generate scattered wave as scattering point, thus obtained scattered wave migration imaging also just reflects the position where anomalous body, it
It is reflected in the form of incorrect energy in imaging section.Light energy in Fig. 5 around tunnel is abnormal, is to around tunnel
In the presence of abnormal reflection, the exception shown according to imaging section and practical disclose compare, and the two is coincide preferably, and with relatively
High resolution ratio.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.Technology belonging to the present invention is led
The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method
In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Shift step is sequentially input, window energy when by road, node-by-node algorithm for slot wave single shot record to be established the roads observation system Hou An
Ratio is measured, eigentransformation is carried out；
Rearrangement step resets for being recorded to the slot wave after transformation, the reflected energy on common midpoint gather is mapped to scattering
On hyperbola, Common scatter point gathers CSP is formed；
Filter step selects suitable frequency range to be filtered on Common scatter point gathers CSP；
Analytical procedure obtains migration velocity for carrying out velocity analysis to Common scatter point gathers CSP；
Image-forming step, for Common scatter point gathers CSP superposition summations, obtaining migration imaging section.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the shift step, it is based on following formula computation window energy ratio：
In formula, j represents sampling instant, and CF (j) is the characteristic function value of j moment slot wave signals, and when calculating uses RMS amplitude,
STA is signal characteristic average value of a function in short time-window, and signal characteristic average value of a function in window, M and N distinguish when LTA is long
Sample number when being long and short in window.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the rearrangement step, the formation of Common scatter point gathers CSP includes：It, will according to relationship when walking of focus-scattering point-receiving point
It is converted to single square root equation by double square root equation, recycles single square root equation by the sampled point of all aqueducts to dissipate
It centered on exit point, is mapped on given equivalent offset road, forms Common scatter point gathers CSP.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the rearrangement step, based on following formula by the sampled point of all aqueducts centered on scattering point, be mapped in it is given it is equivalent partially
To form Common scatter point gathers CSP on the roads Yi Ju：
In formula, x is scattering point at a distance from common point is between floor projection, t0When being the vertical outward journey at scattering point,
V is t0The root mean sequare velocity at place, h are half geophone offset, heFor equivalent offset.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the filter step, spectrum scan is done to the Common scatter point gathers CSP trace gathers of slot wave data, selects useful signal energy most prominent
The frequency range gone out is filtered.
6. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the analytical procedure, velocity analysis, the energy group in pickup velocity spectrum, as t are using Common scatter point gathers CSP0Moment
Root mean sequare velocity, obtain migration velocity.
7. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the image-forming step, sums to Common scatter point gathers CSP using Kirchoff integral equations, obtain Common scatter point gathers
The offset achievement result of CSP.
8. it is according to claim 7 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scatter imaging method, which is characterized in that
In the image-forming step, the migration imaging based on following formula structure Common scatter point gathers CSP：
In formula, Pout(x, y, z, t=0) is imaging results,It is scattered for the input wave field x, y, z of CSP trace gathers
The coordinate position of exit point trace gather, t are time, △ heFor equivalent offset interval, π is pi constant, and cos θ are obliquity factor,
vrmsFor root mean sequare velocity, r is distance of the input point to output point, and ρ (t) represents the time-derivative of input wave field, heIt is equivalent inclined
Move away from；Symbol * is convolution operator, and ∑ expression is summed in optimized migration pore diameter range.
9. it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scattering imaging device, which is characterized in that comprise the following modules：
Conversion module is sequentially input, window energy when by road, node-by-node algorithm for slot wave single shot record to be established the roads observation system Hou An
Ratio is measured, eigentransformation is carried out；
Reordering module resets for being recorded to the slot wave after transformation, the reflected energy on common midpoint gather is mapped to scattering
On hyperbola, Common scatter point gathers CSP is formed；
Filter module selects suitable frequency range to be filtered on Common scatter point gathers CSP；
Analysis module obtains migration velocity for carrying out velocity analysis to Common scatter point gathers CSP；
Image-forming module, for Common scatter point gathers CSP superposition summations, obtaining migration imaging section.
10. it is according to claim 9 it is a kind of based on when window energy ratio channel wave seismic scattering imaging device, feature exists
In in the conversion module, based on following formula computation window energy ratio：
In formula, j represents sampling instant, and CF (j) is the characteristic function value of j moment slot wave signals, and when calculating uses RMS amplitude,
STA is signal characteristic average value of a function in short time-window, and signal characteristic average value of a function in window, M and N distinguish when LTA is long
Sample number when being long and short in window.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109597124A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of fine detection method of working face stress concentration region channel wave seismic |
| CN110850472A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Variable offset distance advanced fault detection method based on shock wave excitation seismic source |
| CN112578428A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-30 | 中国矿业大学 | Scattering multi-wave advanced detection method based on roadway vertical virtual survey line |
| CN114114420A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diffraction identification imaging method, diffraction identification imaging device, electronic apparatus, and medium |
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| CN110850472B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-07-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Variable offset distance advanced fault detection method based on shock wave excitation seismic source |
| CN114114420A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diffraction identification imaging method, diffraction identification imaging device, electronic apparatus, and medium |
| CN114114420B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2024-02-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diffraction identification imaging method, diffraction identification imaging device, electronic equipment and medium |
| CN112578428A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-30 | 中国矿业大学 | Scattering multi-wave advanced detection method based on roadway vertical virtual survey line |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |