CN108485842A

CN108485842A - A kind of edible fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net and its preparation method and application

Info

Publication number: CN108485842A
Application number: CN201810358619.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王家高
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-04-22
Filing date: 2018-04-20
Publication date: 2018-09-04
Also published as: CN107325900A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of edible fruits and vegetables only and meal wash is net, including protein peptides, and the molecular weight of protein peptides is 500 100000D.Invention also discloses the preparation methods that fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net, include the following steps：Extract the crude protein in protein material；Above-mentioned crude protein is digested with protease, alkaline hydrolysis, acidolysis, Ultra filtration membrane obtains protein peptides of the molecular weight between 500 100000D；Above-mentioned protein peptides obtain protein peptides concentrate or pulvis by vacuum distillation, ultrafiltration membrance filter or spray drying；Using above-mentioned protein peptides concentrate or pulvis as raw material heat inactivation, be directly prepared into liquid or solid, powdery fruits and vegetables it is net/meal wash is net；After protein peptides are purified, after auxiliary agent is added, obtain liquid or solid, powdery fruits and vegetables it is net/meal wash is net.The problem of the present invention discloses its application, the greasy dirt in water can be effectively removed, remove pesticide residue, reduce toxicity of pesticide, avoid common meal wash net secondary pollution.

Description

A kind of edible fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net and its preparation method and application

Technical field

The invention belongs to filed of daily-use chemical industry, and in particular to a kind of edible fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net and preparation method thereof Application.

Background technology

Fruit, vegetable pesticide residue are a global problems, and limited resources support the population of the vast number of growth, can not Leave pesticide.People's use fruits and vegetables made of surfactant are made a return journey only removes water fruits and vegetables pesticide residue, and effect is pretty good.But It is that the surfactant that fruits and vegetables contain only can remain in water fruits and vegetables, brings new pollution.Anion surfactant has There are certain hemolytic, some surfactants also toxic side effect, the safe and healthy risk brought to be increasingly subject to all circles Concern.Meal wash also faces same problem only.People are net to the even edible fruits and vegetables of totally nontoxic and meal wash net demand is non- It is often urgent.And the secondary pollution problem of the dishwashing detergent of infant, parent are concerned about very much, thirst for very much without the secondary work of any poison Meal wash is net.

The fruits and vegetables that food-borne material makes are net or meal wash is net, are highly safe, many people have carried out this largely Research and production.But unfortunately, with traditional fruits and vegetables net phase ratio by surfactant formulatory, it is residual to remove pesticide It stays or the effect of greasy dirt is poor, it is unsatisfactory.

Food-borne enzymolysis protein peptide is highly safe, and having reduces blood fat, blood glucose, improves efficacy of immunity, makees Enter people’s lives for health products.Pig collagen hydrolysate by soybean oligopeptide, is recognized as by U.S. FDA for 1999 for 2003 The component substances of GRAS safety formulas, China in 2004 by soy oligosaccharides Gly-His-Lys, 2007 by fish oligopeptide powder, as food Dispensing has formulated national proposed standard.Food-borne enzymolysis protein peptide food, it is highly safe to have no toxic side effect, trusted by people.

Invention content

To solve the above problems, the present inventor has studied a kind of edible fruits and vegetables by further investigation and many experiments Net and meal wash is net, which can effectively remove the greasy dirt in water, can also effectively remove pesticide residue, reduces toxicity of pesticide, keeps away The problem of having exempted from common meal wash net secondary pollution.

The invention discloses a kind of edible fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net, including protein peptides, the molecular weight of protein peptides are 500-100000D。

The fruits and vegetables are net and auxiliary agent can also be added in meal wash only, and auxiliary agent is water and surfactant, soya-bean oil soap, phosphatide, sugar, shallow lake Powder, protein, citrate, EDETATE SODIUM salt, phosphate, Quadrafos water softener, it is a kind of in anti-agglomerating agent and preservative or one Kind or more.

Preferably, the protein peptides are plant-derived albumen peptide, animal derived protein peptide or microbial protein peptide.

The preparation method that fruits and vegetables described above are net and meal wash is net, includes the following steps：

（1）Extract the crude protein in protein material；

（2）Above-mentioned crude protein is digested with protease, alkaline hydrolysis, acidolysis, the Ultra filtration membrane of the different cutoff values of protein peptides, Obtain different molecular weight section protein peptides, as oligopeptide (molecular weight≤500D), polypeptide (molecular weight 500D~100000D), compared with Macromolecular peptide (molecular weight >=100000D) selects polypeptide (molecular weight 500D~100000D), the protein peptides as needed；

（3）By the protein peptides of above-mentioned molecular weight 500D~100000D by vacuum distillation, ultrafiltration membrance filter or spray drying, obtain To protein peptides concentrate or pulvis；

（4）Using above-mentioned protein peptides concentrate or pulvis as raw material heat inactivation, be directly prepared into liquid or solid, powdery fruits and vegetables it is net/ Meal wash is net；

（5）By step（2）In protein peptides purification after, after auxiliary agent is added, obtain liquid or solid, powdery fruits and vegetables it is net/meal wash Only.

Protein is universally present in plant, animal, microorganism, seed, leaf, stem, root, the skin of plant, animal Meat, skin, hair, milk and microorganism etc., all contain protein, can extract protein.

The seed of oil crops, including soybean, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, the dregs of rice after extract oil, protein content is more It is high.

Vinasse with grain fermentation manufacture alcohol or after drinking, sugar are decomposed, protein content higher.

The grain fermented with grain after manufacturing organic acid, sugar, protein content higher.

Protein is more stable in pH10 or less, can dissolve under alkaline condition, is precipitated at its isoelectric pH 4~5, Using this property, extract containing the protein in protein material.

Step（1）Described in protein material include plant-derived albumen material, animal derived protein material, microbial protein Material.

The plant-derived albumen material, plant-derived albumen material include the oilseeds such as soybean, peanut, rapeseed or Dregs of rice etc., red bean, mung bean, black soya bean, pea, etc. beans, the cereals such as corn, rice, wheat, the potatos such as pachyrhizus, cassava also include The grains fermentation industry by-product such as grain, oil, food processing, alcohol, citric acid, glucose dregs of beans, peanut meal, the rape dregs of rice, cassava The by-products such as slag, lemon dregs also include plant base of leaf root and water fruits and vegetables；Before extracting plant-derived protein, first taken off Fat can be used hexamethylene and detach lipid solubilization.The seed of oil crops can squeeze extraction grease, the dregs of rice after extraction, but fat Fat residual is higher.Then it smashes to required granularity, solubilising protein, 6~48h, are filtered to remove fiber under alkaline condition, adjust Filtrate PH4~5, protein precipitation, filtering obtain crude protein.A small amount of impurity such as fiber, sugar, starch can be contained in crude protein, Have no effect on the effect of the present invention.

The animal protein materials such as the animal derived protein material, including fish, milk, animal flesh, skin, hair；Protein content After height, alkali degreasing or sour ash disposal, after heating is fully hydrolyzed, enzyme hydrolysis.

The microbial protein material, including Yeast protein, can directly enzyme hydrolysis.

Crude protein, it is also possible to which commercial goods albumen powder replaces.

The step（2）In one kind in papain, bromelain and ficin of protease Or more than one.Papain, bromelain, ficin can also be replaced with pawpaw, pineapple, fig.

The step（2）In, the mass ratio of protease addition and crude protein is：0.5-3:20, mmp reaction when Between be 1-48 hours.The enzyme that enough units should be used, to obtain substantive hydrolysis.The amount of enzyme is selected, it is enough to ensure Activity, and avoid generating bitter taste.Content used depends on the activity of enzyme.

Useful enzyme Bao Kuo be in aminosal key proteolytic enzyme.

Proteolytic enzyme preparation usually contains protease, and aminosal forms small peptide and peptase, hydrolyzes little albumen Matter or peptide usually discharge amino acid from its end.Usually by with endopeptidase and endopeptidase activity protease and peptase include In such preparation, with effectively out of each protein and obtained peptide or from each protein and obtained peptide End decomposing protein.

Useful proteolytic enzyme includes, but are not limited to have one or more following active enzymes：

Protease, peptase, glutaminase (include, but are not limited to L-Glutamine-amino-hydrolase (EC3.5.1.2)), Interior protease, serine endopeptidase, bacillus subtilis peptidase (EC 3.4.21.62).

Other proteolytic enzymes are also useful, and are much known and are obtainable；Following present one A little others types and example.

Proteolytic enzyme (also referred to as proteinase, protease or peptase) is attributed in six groups at present, including serine protease, Serine/threonine protein enzyme, cysteine proteinase, aspartic protease, metalloproteinases and hydroxyproline enzyme.Proteolysis Enzyme can cut (exopeptidase) in the end of protein or attack the inside peptide bond (endopeptidase) of protein.Exopeptidase includes, but It is not limited to, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase and carboxypeptidase A.Endopeptidase includes, but are not limited to trypsase, chymotrypsin protein Enzyme, pepsin, papain and elastoser.

Proteolytic enzyme is sorted out into (EC 3.4 and EC3.5) by EC numbers (enzyme committee numbering), each classification includes The various known enzymes of specific reaction type.

EC 3.4 includes acting on the enzyme (peptase/protease) of peptide bond, and EC 3.5 includes acting on carbon-nitrogen bond and non-peptide bond Enzyme.The example of EC 3.4 includes, but are not limited to below：Aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11), dipeptidase (3.4.13), dipeptides Acyl-peptase (3 .4 .14), peptide acyl-dipeptidase (3 .4 .15), serine-carboxypeptidase (3 .4 .16), metal carboxyl peptide Enzyme (3.4.17), cysteine-carboxypeptidase (3.4.18), acyl peptase (3.4.19), serine-endopeptidase (3.4.21), half Cystine-endopeptidase (3.4.22), aspartic acid-endopeptidase (3.4.23), Zinc metalloproteinase (3.4.24), the interior peptide of threonine- Enzyme (3.4.25).

The example of EC 3.5 includes, but are not limited to cut the proteolytic enzyme (3.5.1) of linear amide, for example, glutamy Amine enzyme (EC 3.5.1.2).

Various proteolytic enzymes are commercially available；Proteolytic enzyme below can be obtained from Sigma-Aldrich：

Colour killing peptase, aminopeptidase, ancrod, angiotensin converting enzyme, bromelain, calpain, Calpain I, calpain II, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase, carboxypeptidase G, carboxypeptidase P, Carboxypeptidase W, carboxypeptidase Y, caspase, caspase 1, caspase 2, Caspase-3, caspase 4, caspase 5, caspase 6, caspase 7, caspase 8, caspase 9, caspase 10, half Guang aspartase 13, cathepsin B, cathepsin C, cathepsin D, cathepsin G, Cathepsin H organize egg White enzyme L, chymopapain, renin, chymotrypsin, a- clostripains, clostridiopetidase A, complement Clr, complement Cls, Complement Factor D, Complement factor I, Cucumisin, dipeptides acyl-peptase IV, elastoser, leucocyte, elastoser, pancreas, Interior protease A rg-C, interior protease A sp-N, interior protease Glu-C, interior protease Lys-C, enterokinase, factor Xa, fig Protease, furin, granzyme A, granzyme B, hiv protease, IG enzymes, kallikrein tissue, leucine amino peptide Enzyme (General), leucine aminopeptidase, cytosol, leucine aminopeptidase, microsome, matrix metalloproteinase, first sulphur Histidine amino group peptase, Neutrase, papain, pepsin, plasmin, prolinase, pronase e, Prostate-specific antigen, protease, the enzyme of the basophilic from streptomyces griseus, the protease from aspergillus come from vegetarian rattan The protease of aspergillus (Aspergillus saitoi) comes from the protease of Aspergillus sojae (Aspergillus sojae), albumen Enzyme (bacillus licheniformis (B.licheniformis)) (alkalinity), protease (bacillus licheniformis) (Alcalase), from more Viscous bacillus (bacillus polymyxa) (Bacillus polymyxa)) protease, the protease from bacillus comes From the protease (Esperase) of bacillus, the protease from head mold, protease S, proteasome, the egg from aspergillus oryzae White enzyme, protease 3, protease A, Proteinase K, PROTEIN C, pyroglutamic acid aminopeptidase, renin, renin, chain Kinases, subtilopeptidase A, thermolysin, fibrin ferment, tissue plasmin activation, trypsase, class tryptose Enzyme, urokinase.

All enzymes all should be food-grade.

Enzyme hydrolysis is carried out under conditions of suitable for all enzymes used.Temperature and pH should be in suitable ranges so that Hydrolysis is carried out to required degree.Therefore the length of incubation time will change, when condition is closer to optimum condition, incubation time It is shorter.Usual 1 to 48 hour, preferably 10 to 24 hours.Stirring can accelerate hydrolytic process, such as rotating speed is 50 to 500rpm, Usually it can improve hydrolysis.

For the enzyme of following some types, it is shown that there is enzyme unit/gram starting material of dosage.U (is indicated by LGG methods Unit, LGG=L- leucyls-glycyl-glycine)/gram starting material, using 0.007 to 0.7U, for example, 0.01 to 0.1U。

Glutamine enzyme unit (GU)/gram starting material, using 0.00075 to 0.075GU, for example, 0.001 to 0.02GU.The amount of enzyme will change according to enzyme and its use condition.It as described herein, can be by testing different amount and effect Fruit is readily determined necessary amounts.Pass through one or more proteolytic enzymes hydrolize albumen.

By the hydrolysate of one or more proteolytic enzymes hydrolize crude protein, it can be directly used as that fruits and vegetables are net or meal wash Net ingredient.

It, can be by well known drying means such as by the hydrolysate of one or more proteolytic enzymes hydrolize crude protein Spray drying, is made dry product, is used as that fruits and vegetables are net or the net ingredient of meal wash.

By the hydrolysate of one or more proteolytic enzymes hydrolize crude protein, purification can be carried out and remove crude salt point, fibre Dimension, starch, sugar, fat etc. obtain purer protein peptides, are used as that fruits and vegetables are net or the net ingredient of meal wash.

The protein peptides generated after protein hydrolysis, the fruits and vegetables made of protein peptides are net, are removed to garden stuff pesticide residue, Under the same terms, garden stuff pesticide residue can not only be effectively removed, and shows superior effect, than traditional by surface The fruits and vegetables net effect that activating agent is prepared is more preferable.The fruits and vegetables are only without any side effects, can extend to soaking time by 5min 10min even half an hour, removal effect are 1.5 net~2 times or more of traditional fruits and vegetables by surfactant formulatory, effectively Solves the problems, such as the net secondary pollution of traditional fruits and vegetables by surfactant formulatory.

Specific implementation mode

It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment is carried out lower based on the technical solution of the present invention Implement, gives detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation Example.

Embodiment 1

After plant-derived albumen material disintegrating, add 4~12 times of water, preferably 8 times of water, under alkaline condition impregnate 12h~ 48h, it is preferably for 24 hours, primary every 4h agitations；Then it is filtered, by filtrate tune PH4~5, protein precipitation comes out, refilters, Obtain crude protein.

Crude protein is taken, protein content is surveyed with kjeldahl apparatus, sequentially adds 5% papain and bromelain (its dosage is identical as crude protein quantity when using pawpaw and pineapple), 5~8h of constant temperature, preferably 6h, mixing speed at 55 DEG C 50rpm~500rpm, preferably 100rpm control PH7~8, and protein peptides, the ultrafiltration membrane point of the different cutoff values of protein peptides is made From, obtain different molecular weight section protein peptides, as oligopeptide (molecular weight≤500D), polypeptide (molecular weight 500D~100000D), Bigger molecule peptide (molecular weight >=100000D) selects polypeptide (molecular weight 500D~100000D), the protein peptides as needed to lead to It crosses reduction vaporization or ultra-filtration filters obtains protein concentrate peptide.With pure water regulatory protein peptide content 30%, be made fruits and vegetables it is net or Meal wash is net.

Comparative example

The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, is added in manufactured protein peptides a kind of or several in soya-bean oil soap, phosphatide, sugar, starch, protein Kind.The porcine collagen peptide of soya-bean oil soap, phosphatide, sugar, starch and protein powder and B3 are bought from the market, and sugar selects sucrose.

It is that the fruits and vegetables of the present invention remove the application method and effect experiment of pesticide residue only below：

Application method 1 is put into after being stirred evenly in a kind of edible fruit and vegetable cleaning agent 4g additions 2Kg water of the present invention Fruit and vegetable impregnates about 5min, after slightly stirring, washes down that it can be served with clear water or cooks.

It is that a kind of edible fruit and vegetable cleaning agent of the present invention removes the effect experiment of pesticide residue below：

Arprocarb, cypermethrin technical material are dissolved in medical ethanol, fruit and vegetable is immersed in 20min in liquid, is then got rid of Fall drop, dries in the shade 24 hours.It is divided into several groups, uses fruits and vegetables made of embodiment and comparative example net respectively, 4g is added in 2Kg water, It is put into sample after stirring evenly, impregnates about 5min, after slightly stirring, is washed down with clear water.In the same way sample is washed with clear water.It is shown in Table 1 and table 2：

The removal rate of 1.30% polypeptide molecular weight 500D ~ 100000D, far above by conventional surfactant lauryl sodium sulfate K12 is the removal rate for the fruits and vegetables net 70% that main component is prepared.Remove soya-bean oil soap, phosphatide, sugar, starch, protein in its composition Five kinds of components it is any one or several after, the effect for removing pesticide residue maintains an equal level or more effective.

2, five kinds of soya-bean oil soap in object, phosphatide, sugar, starch, protein components are combined, all after removal, are only contained big Legumin peptide, the effect for removing pesticide residue is more preferable, and reason is that phosphatide is readily adsorbed in fruit and vegetable surfaces, influences washing effect Fruit.

3, the protein peptides of other types such as table 2, can also effectively remove pesticide residue.

4, upper table illustrates, the different protein peptides of molecular weight section can remove pesticide residue, and polypeptide removal effect is best, low The protein peptides of poly- peptide and bigger molecule（Fen Liang≤100000D）Effect is weaker.

The fruits and vegetables of the present invention removal effect to other vegetable and fruit pesticide residues and imitate the removals of other pesticides only Fruit, it is similar to upper table.With the present invention 30% soya-bean polypeptides molecular weight 500D ~ 100000D, to other vegetable and fruit pesticide residues Removal effect and removal effect to other pesticides.

Table 2：

After fruit and vegetable surface is sprayed insecticide, sealing storage 2 hours is divided into two parts, sample one and sample two later.Take 4g The fruits and vegetables of the present invention are net, add 2kg water, sample one is put into, and impregnate after ten minutes, cleaned with clear water.Respectively by sample one and sample Product two crush, and are sealed.Detect the persticide residue of sample one and sample two.

It is above-mentioned that the experimental data are shown in the following table 3：

Meal wash of the invention net application method and effect experiment：

Application method：Each tableware adds the cleaning agent for dinnerware of the 2-3 drops present invention, and after sponging down, tap water is rinsed well i.e. It can.

Effect experiment：After peanut oil and milk are mixed, is dipped and be coated onto on tableware with sponge, it is each to eat after drying in the shade 4 hours The meal wash of tool plus the 2-3 drop present invention are net, and after sponging down, after tap water is rinsed well, all tablewares are all very clean, Inner wall moisture film is uniform, does not hang droplet, very clean.The effect of Soyprotein peptide is added than commercially available meal good washing effect.

The fruits and vegetables that protein peptides make made from alkaline hydrolysis or acidolysis or hydrolysis crude protein are net and meal wash is net, and removal pesticide is residual It stays and the effect of degreasing, it is similar to upper table.

In Bioexperiment, with the chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum in three categories organic insecticidal pesticide pyrethroids class, first ammoniacum class, organic phosphates Ester, arprocarb, acephatemet are tested, it was surprisingly found now that product of the present invention there is the removing toxic substances of extraordinary attenuation to make fish With, hence it is evident that mitigate toxicity of the pesticide to fish, the time-to-live is obviously prolonged.It is more stable to illustrate that product of the present invention is bonded to pesticide Firm conjugate, to make toxicity of pesticide reduce or disappear.And common meal wash is net, small point of protein, 2 ~ 3 amino acid Sub- peptide does not have attenuating effects or unobvious.And and pesticide combination it is more secured, active force bigger, remove fruit and vegetable above it is residual Stay the ability of pesticide naturally also just stronger.

It is the attenuation removing toxic substances experiment effect of fish below：

Test method：Prepare the aqueous solution containing pesticide, be divided into five parts, each 1000ml, be experimental group, net group of meal wash, protein group, 2 ~ 3 small-molecular peptides groups, control group.Blank group is that 1000ml water is free of pesticide.The production that 1ml the method for the present invention makes is added in experimental group Product, meal wash is organized only is added the common net 1ml of meal wash, and the water soluble protein of 1ml30%, 2 ~ 3 small-molecular peptides groups are added in protein group The small-molecular peptides of 1ml30%2 ~ 3 are added, and stir evenly.6 2cm of each random addition or so small grass carp.After observing 4 groups of different times Death condition.

Claims

1. a kind of edible fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net, which is characterized in that including protein peptides, the molecular weight of protein peptides is 500- 100000D。

2. fruits and vegetables according to claim 1 are net and meal wash is net, which is characterized in that the molecular weight of protein peptides is 1000- 10000D。

3. fruits and vegetables according to claim 1 are net and meal wash is net, which is characterized in that further include auxiliary agent, auxiliary agent is water and surface Activating agent, soya-bean oil soap, sugar, starch, protein, citrate, EDETATE SODIUM salt, phosphate, Quadrafos water softener, anti-agglomerating agent With one or more in preservative.

4. fruits and vegetables according to claim 1 are net and meal wash is net, which is characterized in that protein peptides are plant-derived albumen peptide, animal Source protein peptide or microbial protein peptide.

The preparation method that 5. a kind of claim 1-4 any one of them fruits and vegetables are net and meal wash is net, which is characterized in that including following Step：

（1）Extract the crude protein in protein material；

（2）Above-mentioned crude protein is digested with protease, alkaline hydrolysis, acidolysis, Ultra filtration membrane obtains molecular weight in 500- Protein peptides between 100000D；

（3）By above-mentioned protein peptides by vacuum distillation, ultrafiltration membrance filter or spray drying, protein peptides concentrate or pulvis are obtained；

6. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（2）In protease be selected from pawpaw egg One or more in white enzyme, bromelain and ficin.

7. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（2）In, protease is selected from peptase or protein Enzyme.

8. the fruits and vegetables described in a kind of one of claim 1-4 are net and meal wash is only in the application to degrease.

9. fruits and vegetables described in a kind of one of claim 1-4 are net and the meal wash application in removing pesticide residue only.

10. fruits and vegetables described in a kind of one of claim 1-4 are net and the meal wash application in reducing toxicity of pesticide only.