CN108484197A - 一种受电弓碳滑板及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种受电弓碳滑板及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN108484197A
CN108484197A CN201810234844.0A CN201810234844A CN108484197A CN 108484197 A CN108484197 A CN 108484197A CN 201810234844 A CN201810234844 A CN 201810234844A CN 108484197 A CN108484197 A CN 108484197A
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武建军
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Datong Xincheng New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种受电弓碳滑板，所述受电弓碳滑板所使用的原料以及所占质量百分比为：石墨粉50‑70份、刚玉50‑70份、碳纤维10‑15份、石油焦粗粉20‑30份、石油焦细粉20‑30份、高铝矾土10‑15份、沥青粘接剂10‑15份、煤焦油沥青5‑10份、铜粉5‑10份和硅灰石粉5‑10份。本发明通过碳滑板的原料中添加硅灰石粉，利用硅灰石粉其自身的特性，增强了碳滑板表面的扩张性能，减少裂纹，增强了抗腐蚀能力、持久性和耐候性，有效的减少了碳滑板在工作时的结构收缩率，采用刚玉材料保证了碳滑板面的耐磨损性能，同时减少了碳滑板自身的热膨胀率，本发明工艺简单，设备要求低，可操作性强，具有良好的社会推广应用。

Description

一种受电弓碳滑板及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及碳滑板技术领域，特别涉及一种受电弓碳滑板及其制备工艺。
背景技术
安全是铁路运输生产永恒的主题。机车是铁路运输生产中最重要的动力设备。为运用提 供质量良好、数量充足的机车，以良好的设备质量保障运输任务的顺利完成和运输生产安全，是机务检修工作的主要任务。
电力机车受电弓碳滑板是高铁、动车和客货电力机车提供动力的一个“咽喉”部件，其主要功能为：电力机车通过车头上受电弓的最上部，直接与接触网导线接触，并在自然环境中工作。由于在运行中与接触网导线不断产生摩擦和冲击，所以这一部件是一种经常更换的消耗性部件。且由于传统的碳滑板不耐磨损，易或者耐磨损但电接触性能不佳。
因此，发明一种受电弓碳滑板及其制备工艺来解决上述问题很有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种受电弓碳滑板及其制备工艺，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种受电弓碳滑板，所述受电弓碳滑板所使用的原料以及所占质量百分比为：石墨粉50-70份、刚玉50-70份、碳纤维10-15份、石油焦粗粉20-30份、石油焦细粉20-30份、高铝矾土10-15份、沥青粘接剂10-15份、煤焦油沥青5-10份、铜粉5-10份和硅灰石粉5-10份。
优选的，所述石墨粉为石墨与碳黑的混合粉，混合比例为1:2，所述石墨粉的目数为80-100目，所述石墨粉的电阻率为80-100μΩ·m。
优选的，所述刚玉中氧化铝的含量大于98.0%，刚玉的目数为45-60目。
优选的，所述石油焦粗粉的目数为80-100目，所述石油焦细粉的目数为350-400目。
优选的，所述高铝矾土中氧化铝的含量大于80.0%，氧化钙的含量小于0.6%，氧化铁的含量小于3.0%。
优选的，所述碳纤维为短碳纤维，长度为2-8mm，所述硅灰石粉由不同目数的粉粒组成，其中1000目粉粒的占比为70-85%,1300目粉粒的占比为15-30%。
本发明还提供一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一，取石墨粉50-70份、碳纤维10-15份、石油焦粗粉20-30份、石油焦细粉20-30份和沥青粘接剂10-15份放在混料机中进行混料，得初级混合物；
步骤二，在初级混合物中添加入刚玉50-70份、沥青粘接剂10-15份、铜粉5-10份和高铝矾土10-15份继续进行混料，搅拌至碳糊状；
步骤三，然后将碳糊状的原料混合物放置入油压机内进行挤压成型，得压胚；
步骤四，将压胚放置入氮气烧结炉中进行焙烧，向焙烧制品中浸渍煤焦油沥青5-10份，然后将焙烧后的压胚进行固化处理后得到滑板胚料；
步骤五，对制取的滑板胚料进行加工整形，再进行相应的磨损和电接触性能测试，得成品。
优选的，所述步骤一中，初级混合物的混料时间为5-10min，所述步骤二中，混料时间为10-20min。
优选的，所述步骤三中，油压机压力为15-30MPa。
优选的，所述步骤四中，烧结炉的温度为300-400℃，烧结时间为10-15h。
本发明的技术效果和优点：本发明通过碳滑板的原料中添加硅灰石粉，利用硅灰石粉其自身的特性，增强了碳滑板表面的扩张性能，减少裂纹，增强了抗腐蚀能力、持久性和耐候性，有效的减少了碳滑板在工作时的结构收缩率，采用短纤维的碳纤维，提升了碳滑板的结构韧性，使其在受力的情况下不易产生结构断裂，在制造过程中添加少量的高铝矾土，使得碳滑板在使用时不易受高温影响，提高了其自身的耐火性能，采用刚玉材料保证了碳滑板面的耐磨损性能，同时减少了碳滑板自身的热膨胀率，利用沥青粘接剂将铜粉与原料进行混合搅拌，使得碳滑板在保证结构强度和韧性的前提下，提高了在使用时的电接触性能。
本发明工艺简单，设备要求低，可操作性强，具有良好的社会推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种受电弓碳滑板，所述受电弓碳滑板所使用的原料以及所占质量百分比为：石墨粉50份、刚玉50份、碳纤维10份、石油焦粗粉20份、石油焦细粉20份、高铝矾土10份、沥青粘接剂10份、煤焦油沥青5份、铜粉5和硅灰石粉5份，所述石墨粉为石墨与碳黑的混合粉，混合比例为1:2，所述石墨粉的目数为80目，所述石墨粉的电阻率为80μΩ·m，所述刚玉中氧化铝的含量大于98.0%，刚玉的目数为45目，所述石油焦粗粉的目数为80，所述石油焦细粉的目数为350目，所述高铝矾土中氧化铝的含量大于80.0%，氧化钙的含量小于0.6%，氧化铁的含量小于3.0%，所述碳纤维为短碳纤维，长度为2mm，所述硅灰石粉由不同目数的粉粒组成，其中1000目粉粒的占比为70%,1300目粉粒的占比为15%。
本发明还提供一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一，取石墨粉50份、碳纤维10份、石油焦粗粉20份、石油焦细粉20份和沥青粘接剂10份放在混料机中进行混料，混料时间为5min，得初级混合物；
步骤二，在初级混合物中添加入刚玉50份、沥青粘接剂10份、铜粉5-10份和高铝矾土10份继续进行混料，混料时间为10min，搅拌至碳糊状；
步骤三，然后将碳糊状的原料混合物放置入油压机内进行挤压成型，油压机压力为15MPa，得压胚；
步骤四，将压胚放置入氮气烧结炉中进行焙烧，烧结炉的温度为300℃，烧结时间为10h，向焙烧制品中浸渍煤焦油沥青5份，然后将焙烧后的压胚进行固化处理后得到滑板胚料；
步骤五，对制取的滑板胚料进行加工整形，再进行相应的磨损和电接触性能测试，得成品。
实施例2
一种受电弓碳滑板，所述受电弓碳滑板所使用的原料以及所占质量百分比为：石墨粉70份、刚玉70份、碳纤维15份、石油焦粗粉30份、石油焦细粉30份、高铝矾土15份、沥青粘接剂15份、煤焦油沥青10份、铜粉10份和硅灰石粉10份，所述石墨粉为石墨与碳黑的混合粉，混合比例为1:2，所述石墨粉的目数为00目，所述石墨粉的电阻率为100μΩ·m，所述刚玉中氧化铝的含量大于98.0%，刚玉的目数为460目，所述石油焦粗粉的目数为100目，所述石油焦细粉的目数为400目，所述高铝矾土中氧化铝的含量大于80.0%，氧化钙的含量小于0.6%，氧化铁的含量小于3.0%，所述碳纤维为短碳纤维，长度为8mm，所述硅灰石粉由不同目数的粉粒组成，其中1000目粉粒的占比为85%,1300目粉粒的占比为30%。
本发明还提供一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一，取石墨粉70份、碳纤维15份、石油焦粗粉30份、石油焦细粉30份和沥青粘接剂15份放在混料机中进行混料，混料时间为10min，得初级混合物；
步骤二，在初级混合物中添加入刚玉70份、沥青粘接剂15份、铜粉10份和高铝矾土15份继续进行混料，混料时间为20min，搅拌至碳糊状；
步骤三，然后将碳糊状的原料混合物放置入油压机内进行挤压成型，油压机压力为30MPa，得压胚；
步骤四，将压胚放置入氮气烧结炉中进行焙烧，烧结炉的温度为400℃，烧结时间为15h，向焙烧制品中浸渍煤焦油沥青10份，然后将焙烧后的压胚进行固化处理后得到滑板胚料；
步骤五，对制取的滑板胚料进行加工整形，再进行相应的磨损和电接触性能测试，得成品。
实施例3
一种受电弓碳滑板，所述受电弓碳滑板所使用的原料以及所占质量百分比为：石墨粉60份、刚玉60份、碳纤维13份、石油焦粗粉25份、石油焦细粉25份、高铝矾土13份、沥青粘接剂13份、煤焦油沥青8份、铜粉8份和硅灰石粉8份，所述石墨粉为石墨与碳黑的混合粉，混合比例为1:2，所述石墨粉的目数为90目，所述石墨粉的电阻率为90μΩ·m，所述刚玉中氧化铝的含量大于98.0%，刚玉的目数为50目，所述石油焦粗粉的目数为90目，所述石油焦细粉的目数为380目，所述高铝矾土中氧化铝的含量大于80.0%，氧化钙的含量小于0.6%，氧化铁的含量小于3.0%，所述碳纤维为短碳纤维，长度为5mm，所述硅灰石粉由不同目数的粉粒组成，其中1000目粉粒的占比为75%,1300目粉粒的占比为22%。
本发明还提供一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一，取石墨粉60份、碳纤维13份、石油焦粗粉25份、石油焦细粉25份和沥青粘接剂13份放在混料机中进行混料，混料时间为8min，得初级混合物；
步骤二，在初级混合物中添加入刚玉60份、沥青粘接剂13份、铜粉8份和高铝矾土13份继续进行混料，混料时间为15min，搅拌至碳糊状；
步骤三，然后将碳糊状的原料混合物放置入油压机内进行挤压成型，油压机压力为22MPa，得压胚；
步骤四，将压胚放置入氮气烧结炉中进行焙烧，烧结炉的温度为350℃，烧结时间为13h，向焙烧制品中浸渍煤焦油沥青8份，然后将焙烧后的压胚进行固化处理后得到滑板胚料；
步骤五，对制取的滑板胚料进行加工整形，再进行相应的磨损和电接触性能测试，得成品。
通过以上三组实施例可以得到三种受电弓碳滑板，将这三种受电弓碳滑板分别进行摩擦磨损测试、电接触测试和压强测试，再用经过受电弓碳滑板进行摩擦磨损测试、电接触测试和压强测试，结果得出三组实施例中的受电弓碳滑板的电接触性能、磨损性能和抗压强性能均有不同的提升，其中实施例3中受电弓碳滑板的电接触性能、磨损性能和抗压强性能最好，使用效果最佳，寿命最长，本发明通过碳滑板的原料中添加硅灰石粉，利用硅灰石粉其自身的特性，增强了碳滑板表面的扩张性能，减少裂纹，增强了抗腐蚀能力、持久性和耐候性，有效的减少了碳滑板在工作时的结构收缩率，采用短纤维的碳纤维，提升了碳滑板的结构韧性，使其在受力的情况下不易产生结构断裂，在制造过程中添加少量的高铝矾土，使得碳滑板在使用时不易受高温影响，提高了其自身的耐火性能，采用刚玉材料保证了碳滑板面的耐磨损性能，同时减少了碳滑板自身的热膨胀率，利用沥青粘接剂将铜粉与原料进行混合搅拌，使得碳滑板在保证结构强度和韧性的前提下，提高了在使用时的电接触性能，本发明工艺简单，设备要求低，可操作性强，具有良好的社会推广应用。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种受电弓碳滑板，其特征在于，所述受电弓碳滑板所使用的原料以及所占质量百分比为：石墨粉50-70份、刚玉50-70份、碳纤维10-15份、石油焦粗粉20-30份、石油焦细粉20-30份、高铝矾土10-15份、沥青粘接剂10-15份、煤焦油沥青5-10份、铜粉5-10份和硅灰石粉5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓碳滑板，其特征在于：所述石墨粉为石墨与碳黑的混合粉，混合比例为1:2，所述石墨粉的目数为80-100目，所述石墨粉的电阻率为80-100μΩ·m。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓碳滑板，其特征在于：所述刚玉中氧化铝的含量大于98.0%，刚玉的目数为45-60目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓碳滑板，其特征在于：所述石油焦粗粉的目数为80-100目，所述石油焦细粉的目数为350-400目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓碳滑板，其特征在于：所述高铝矾土中氧化铝的含量大于80.0%，氧化钙的含量小于0.6%，氧化铁的含量小于3.0%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓碳滑板，其特征在于：所述碳纤维为短碳纤维，长度为2-8mm，所述硅灰石粉由不同目数的粉粒组成，其中1000目粉粒的占比为70-85%,1300目粉粒的占比为15-30%。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一，取石墨粉50-70份、碳纤维10-15份、石油焦粗粉20-30份、石油焦细粉20-30份和沥青粘接剂10-15份放在混料机中进行混料，得初级混合物；
步骤二，在初级混合物中添加入刚玉50-70份、沥青粘接剂10-15份、铜粉5-10份和高铝矾土10-15份继续进行混料，搅拌至碳糊状；
步骤三，然后将碳糊状的原料混合物放置入油压机内进行挤压成型，得压胚；
步骤四，将压胚放置入氮气烧结炉中进行焙烧，向焙烧制品中浸渍煤焦油沥青5-10份，然后将焙烧后的压胚进行固化处理后得到滑板胚料；
步骤五，对制取的滑板胚料进行加工整形，再进行相应的磨损和电接触性能测试，得成品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤一中，初级混合物的混料时间为5-10min，所述步骤二中，混料时间为10-20min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤三中，油压机压力为15-30MPa。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种受电弓碳滑板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，烧结炉的温度为300-400℃，烧结时间为10-15h。
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