CN108480733B - Ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio through material compensation - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio through material compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108480733B CN108480733B CN201810344093.8A CN201810344093A CN108480733B CN 108480733 B CN108480733 B CN 108480733B CN 201810344093 A CN201810344093 A CN 201810344093A CN 108480733 B CN108480733 B CN 108480733B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/26—Securing milling cutters to the driving spindle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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Abstract
The invention discloses a milling cutter bar with a large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh-speed rotation automatic dynamic balance through material compensation, and provides a milling cutter bar with a special hollow dynamic balance cavity. The detection part is mainly a bearing balance protection and detection device, comprises a bearing, a measuring instrument, a collector, a clamp and the like, can optimize the design of a compensation material and a special cavity structure, and improves the automatic dynamic balance performance of the milling cutter rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cutting machining tool and a detection device thereof, in particular to a milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh-speed rotation automatic dynamic balance through material compensation and a detection device thereof.
Background
At present, the milling application in the machining field at home and abroad is extremely wide. Due to the particularity and complexity of the structure of some parts, a milling cutter rod with a large length-diameter ratio is required to complete corresponding milling work. Particularly, in the processing of aerospace typical parts, automobile engine box parts and dies, a milling cutter rod with a large length-diameter ratio is often used for processing deep cavities and complex curved surfaces. However, when the aspect ratio of the milling cutter bar exceeds 10, due to the fact that the milling cutter bar is excessively extended, the axis of the milling cutter bar swings eccentrically or bends and deforms during the rotation, and the durability of the cutter is reduced and the quality of the processed surface is deteriorated. If the axis of the milling cutter arbor is eccentric beyond the allowable range, the arbor can be bent and even suddenly broken. Due to the increased overhang of the milling cutter arbor, it is contemplated to reduce the first critical rotational speed of the milling cutter arbor to increase machining stability. However, for safety reasons, the milling cutter rod with a large length-diameter ratio can only be used to reduce the rotation speed to about 60% of the first critical speed, which leads to a reduction in the machining efficiency.
In summary, in the prior art, the problem of axial eccentricity of the milling cutter rod is difficult to solve for high-speed milling with a large length-diameter ratio under the condition of ensuring the machining efficiency, and automatic dynamic balance of the milling cutter rod is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the existing passive dynamic balance technology and the processing stability control method, and provide a milling cutter rod with a special hollow dynamic balance cavity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the milling cutter bar comprises a milling cutter head and a milling cutter handle, wherein the milling cutter handle is internally provided with a hollow dynamic balance cavity, and partial compensation materials are filled in the cavity. The compensation material is distributed in the dynamic balance cavity under the action of centrifugal force for accelerating the rotation of the milling cutter rod and is distributed annularly around the rotation axis of the milling cutter rod, so that the residual unbalance of the milling cutter rod is reduced, and the rapid automatic dynamic balance of the milling cutter rod in the ultra-high speed rotation process is effectively realized.
Furthermore, the milling cutter handle is of an integrated structure, and an air core balance chamber is machined in the milling cutter handle.
Furthermore, the milling cutter handle comprises two sections, one section is a solid cutter handle, the other section is a hollow cutter handle, the two sections of cutter handles are connected together, and a dynamic balance chamber is formed in the hollow cutter handle.
Furthermore, the size of the outer circle of the hollow cutter handle is consistent with that of the milling cutter handle, and the size diameter is D.
Furthermore, the hollow cutter handle is made of a high-density vibration reduction alloy material, so that the vibration problem of the milling cutter handle is reduced.
Further, the hollow dynamic balance chamber is arranged at a position close to the milling head.
Furthermore, the automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod capable of rotating at a high speed and with a large length-diameter ratio compensated by materials is suitable for common milling cutter heads.
Furthermore, the section of the material-compensated automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh-speed rotation is circular.
Furthermore, the size and length of the inner cavity of the hollow dynamic balance chamber and the position on the cutter handle are determined by the type, density, weight and size of the filled compensation material.
Further, the filling material is preferably ultra-fine metal powder.
Furthermore, in order to eliminate abnormal bending or fracture in the rotation process of the milling cutter rod, a detection part is also designed, and parameters of the automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod are detected by the detection part and comprise three bearings, a clamp and a laser displacement sensor; the three bearings are distributed along the circumferential direction of the tool handle to protect the tool handle, the bearings are clamped and fixed through a clamp, and the clamp is provided with a micrometer tool to accurately ensure the positions of the three bearings; the dynamic eccentric position of the milling head is detected by a laser displacement sensor.
Furthermore, the distance between the inner end of the outer circle of each of the three protection bearings and the outer circle of the cutter handle is 0.5 mm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
a milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh-speed rotation and automatic dynamic balance through material compensation is designed with a special hollow dynamic balance cavity, and superfine copper powder which is the most compensation material is filled in the cavity, so that the milling cutter rod has certain fluidity and small viscosity. Under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the milling cutter rod, superfine copper powder is redistributed in the hollow dynamic balance cavity within a short time and annularly distributed around the rotation axis of the milling cutter rod, the residual unbalance of the milling cutter rod is reduced through material compensation, the axial eccentricity of the milling cutter rod is effectively reduced, the dynamic balance performance of the milling cutter rod is improved, and the requirement of automatic dynamic balance of the milling cutter rod in the ultra-high-speed rotation process is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the milling cutter rod for realizing high-speed rotation and automatic dynamic balance through material compensation has stronger adaptability, and can be manufactured into the milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio and good automatic dynamic balance effect under the condition of relatively reduced manufacturing cost.
2) The hollow dynamic balance cavity can be improved and combined with various milling cutter rods in different schemes, clamping of the milling cutter rods is not affected, and universality is improved.
3) The hollow dynamic balance chamber is simple and convenient in structural design and can be recycled.
4) The hollow dynamic balance cavity is made of damping alloy, the rigidity of the original milling cutter rod cannot be affected, and the integrity effect is good.
5) The superfine metal powder as a compensation material can not be solidified in the using process, and can adapt to the operating conditions of different cutting parameters.
6) After the automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod is adopted, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, and the quality of the processed surface is improved.
7) The milling cutter rod with automatic dynamic balance is adopted, the length-diameter ratio of the milling cutter rod can be further improved, the processing requirements of deep cavities and complex curved surfaces are met, and the milling cutter rod is particularly suitable for aerospace vehicle production lines and other special production fields.
8) The ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with the large length-diameter ratio compensated by the material can improve the production efficiency and realize efficient, stable and eccentric-free milling.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a super-high speed rotary automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod and detection device with large length-diameter ratio by material compensation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams for explaining the eccentricity of the milling cutter bar with a large length-diameter ratio according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are full sectional views of the large length-diameter ratio ultra-high speed rotary automatic balancing milling cutter bar of the present invention compensated by material;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a structure of a triaxial protective bearing of the detecting portion in the present invention;
the automatic milling machine comprises a machine tool spindle chuck 1, a large length-diameter ratio ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic balancing milling cutter rod compensated by materials 2, a protective bearing 3, a machine tool platform 4, a laser displacement sensor 5, a milling cutter rod rotation axis 6, a milling cutter rod eccentric axis 7, a milling cutter handle 8, a hollow dynamic balancing cavity 9, superfine copper powder 10, a milling cutter head 11 and a hollow cutter handle 12.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The term explanation part, the term "large length-diameter ratio" used in the present invention means a cutter bar having an aspect ratio of more than 20; the ultra-high speed refers to the speed of more than 25000 r/min.
As introduced in the background art, in the prior art, the problem of axial eccentricity of the milling cutter rod is difficult to solve for high-speed milling with a large length-diameter ratio under the condition of ensuring the processing efficiency, so that the automatic dynamic balance of the milling cutter rod is realized; in order to solve the technical problems, according to the design and manufacturing requirements of the milling cutter rod with the large length-diameter ratio, the dynamic stability of the milling cutter rod is improved by designing the hollow dynamic balance chamber and compensating materials, the processing efficiency is not reduced, and a new thought can be provided for the milling cutter rod and the detection device with the large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh-speed rotation automatic dynamic balance; the milling cutter rod with the large length-diameter ratio and the long overhang can be manufactured under the condition of relatively low manufacturing cost, is not influenced by cutting parameters, and can adapt to new operating conditions to realize an automatic dynamic balance effect. After the milling cutter is adopted, the durability of the cutter is improved, the quality of the processed surface is improved, and efficient, stable and eccentric-free milling is realized. The device can be expanded and applied to the cutter bar for rotary machining such as drilling.
Example 1
A milling cutter rod 2 with large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh-speed rotation and automatic dynamic balance through material compensation comprises a milling cutter handle 8 and a milling cutter head 11; one end of the cutter handle is clamped by a chuck of a machine tool spindle, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the milling cutter rod with a large length-diameter ratio can generate considerable deviation and bending deformation of a rotation axis 6 of the milling cutter rod under the condition of high-speed rotation, the eccentric axis of the milling cutter rod is shown in the figure, and the manufacturing error of the milling cutter rod can also cause uneven mass distribution around the rotation axis. The original center of gravity O point shifts to the new center of gravity W point during the rotation of the milling cutter bar, eventually resulting in the overall displacement and bending of the milling cutter bar. It is this change that changes the center of gravity offset of the tool, causing imbalance of the milling cutter arbor, reducing the mass of the workpiece being machined.
In order to meet the requirement of dynamic balance of the high-speed rotary milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio, the problem of eccentricity of the axis of the milling cutter rod in the rotating process is reduced, and the cutter durability and the processing quality of the milling cutter rod are improved. As shown in fig. 3, the high-length-to-diameter ratio ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod provided by the invention is provided with a special hollow dynamic balance chamber, and the hollow dynamic balance chamber is a hollow cutter handle 12 made of other materials separately; the specific shape of the tool is a hollow component which is consistent with the shape of the tool handle, a dynamic balance cavity is formed in the hollow tool handle, and the hollow tool handle is connected with the existing tool handle through threads or other connection modes; the interior of the hollow dynamic balance chamber is filled with a compensation material.
Preferably, the compensating material is selected from superfine copper powder 10, preferably superfine copper powder with total weight of 15g, particle size of 20-50 μm, and density of 8.960g/cm3Young modulus 116GPa, Vickers hardness 352 MPa; has certain viscosity and fluidity.
Particularly preferably, the hollow part is made of damping alloy, and the damping effect can be met under the condition of ensuring the rigidity requirement.
The size and length of the inner cavity of the special hollow dynamic balance chamber 9 are determined by the conditions of the type, density, weight, size of powder and the like of the filled compensation material, the diameter of the optimally selected inner cavity is 0.6-0.7D, and the length of the inner cavity is 1-2D.
Preferably, the hollow knife handle is arranged at a position close to the knife head, one end of the hollow knife handle is connected with the solid knife handle, and the other end of the hollow knife handle is connected with the knife head; as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 shows a screw connection.
Under the action of centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the milling cutter rod, the superfine copper powder is redistributed in the dynamic balance cavity within a short acceleration time and is annularly distributed around the rotation axis of the milling cutter rod. The whole milling cutter rod rotating system is eccentrically adjusted by taking the redistributed copper powder as a compensation material, the problem of unbalanced mass distribution is changed, the residual unbalance is reduced as much as possible, the dynamic balance performance of the milling cutter rod is improved, and the rapid automatic dynamic balance of the milling cutter rod with the large length-diameter ratio in the ultrahigh-speed rotating process is effectively realized. In addition, a special hollow dynamic balance chamber is arranged at the position of the milling head, so that the effectiveness of the milling cutter rod for realizing automatic dynamic balance is improved to the maximum extent. The invention adopts the superfine copper powder as the compensation material, and the solidification can not occur, thereby continuously realizing the adaptation to new operating conditions, and rapidly reacting to reach the balance again.
The mode of the embodiment is generally suitable for the condition that the strength of the tool handle is not very strong and a hollow dynamic balance cavity cannot be directly machined on the tool handle.
Example 2
The hollow dynamic balance chamber in the milling cutter handle can be formed by directly processing the hollow dynamic balance chamber in the milling cutter handle and then filling superfine copper powder serving as a compensation material in the hollow dynamic balance chamber, so that the strength of the milling cutter handle can be reduced.
The rest can be set with reference to example 1.
Example 3
In the invention, compensation materials and special cavity structures need to be optimally designed, and the automatic dynamic balance performance of the milling cutter rod is improved, so that a related detection device is needed; as shown in fig. 4, the designed automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio is optimized for relevant parameters under the condition of critical rotating speed through relevant protection devices and detection instruments. And the high-speed rotation of the milling cutter rod is realized by utilizing a high-speed numerical control milling machine. In order to eliminate the excessive eccentricity and bending of the milling cutter rod before the milling cutter rod is accelerated to the critical speed and prevent the sudden fracture of the milling cutter rod, three protection bearings 3 are adopted to restrain the axial deflection of the milling cutter rod within a certain range, and meanwhile, the free rotation of the milling cutter rod can be ensured. The distance between the excircle inner end of the three protection bearings 3 and the excircle of the milling cutter rod is 0.5mm, and when the axis deviation exceeds 0.5mm in the high-speed rotation process of the milling cutter rod, the protection bearings can play a role in protection, so that the axis deviation is prevented from further increasing. The fixed bearing clamp of the detection part is provided with a micrometer tool, and the positions of three protection bearings can be accurately guaranteed. The detection part is provided with an optoNCDT 2300-20 laser displacement sensor 5, the scanning frequency is 20kHz, the resolution is 0.3 μm, and the dynamic eccentric position of the milling head can be accurately measured. The optimized material-compensated high-length-diameter-ratio ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod can improve the production efficiency and realize efficient, stable and eccentric-free milling.
Further, in the automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rods in the embodiments 1 and 2, the higher the rotation speed is within a certain rotation speed range, the shorter the time for achieving automatic dynamic balance is.
Further, the automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rods in the embodiments 1 and 2 are suitable for common machine tools and numerical control machine tools.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The milling cutter bar comprises a milling cutter head and a milling cutter handle, and is characterized in that a hollow dynamic balance chamber is arranged in the milling cutter handle, the hollow dynamic balance chamber is a hollow component consistent with the shape of the milling cutter handle, partial compensation material is filled in the chamber, and the compensation material is distributed in the dynamic balance chamber under the action of centrifugal force for accelerating the rotation of the milling cutter bar and is distributed in an annular manner around the rotation axis of the milling cutter bar;
the filled compensating material is superfine metal powder.
2. The milling cutter bar with the large length-diameter ratio and the ultrahigh-speed rotation automatic dynamic balance through material compensation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the milling cutter bar is of an integrated structure, and a hollow balance chamber is processed in the milling cutter bar.
3. The material-compensated high aspect ratio ultra-high speed rotary automatic dynamic balance milling cutter bar according to claim 1, wherein the milling cutter handle comprises two sections, one section is a solid cutter handle, the other section is a hollow cutter handle, the two sections are connected together, and a dynamic balance chamber is formed inside the hollow cutter handle.
4. A material compensated high aspect ratio rotary automatic dynamic balance milling cutter arbor of claim 3, wherein the hollow shank has an outer circumference of dimension substantially equal to the dimension of the milling cutter shank and a dimension diameter D.
5. The milling cutter bar with the large length-diameter ratio and the ultrahigh-speed rotation and automatic dynamic balance through material compensation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow cutter handle is made of a high-density vibration-damping alloy material, so that the vibration problem of the milling cutter bar is reduced.
6. A material compensated high aspect ratio ultra high speed rotary automatic dynamic balance milling cutter arbor according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the hollow dynamic balance chamber is located adjacent the milling head.
7. A milling cutter arbor with high length-diameter ratio and ultra-high speed rotation for automatic dynamic balance by material compensation as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the size and length of the inner cavity of the hollow dynamic balance chamber and the position on the handle are determined by the type, density, weight and powder size of the compensation material to be charged.
8. An automatic balancing milling cutter arbor for very high speed rotation with large length to diameter ratio compensated by material according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the parameters of the automatic balancing milling cutter arbor are detected by a detecting part.
9. The milling cutter bar with large length-diameter ratio and ultrahigh speed rotation for automatic dynamic balance through material compensation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the detecting part comprises three bearings, a clamp, a laser displacement sensor; the three bearings are distributed along the circumferential direction of the tool handle to protect the tool handle, the bearings are clamped and fixed through a clamp, and the clamp is provided with a micrometer tool to accurately ensure the positions of the three bearings; the dynamic eccentric position of the milling head is detected by a laser displacement sensor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810344093.8A CN108480733B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio through material compensation |
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| CN201810344093.8A CN108480733B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Ultrahigh-speed rotating automatic dynamic balance milling cutter rod with large length-diameter ratio through material compensation |
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| CN108480733A CN108480733A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
| CN108480733B true CN108480733B (en) | 2020-05-08 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2524672A1 (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1976-12-23 | Buerener Maschf Gmbh | Wood chip machine knife drive - has tensioning puller for knife heads and intermediate pieces to compensate for thermal expansion |
| SU1696160A1 (en) * | 1989-01-02 | 1991-12-07 | Предприятие П/Я А-3474 | Spindle unit |
| CN203679938U (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-07-02 | 福州钜全汽车配件有限公司 | Device for accurately measuring dynamic balance value of main shaft |
| CN104385023B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-02-08 | 湘潭大学 | Inner cooling damping heat-shrinkable tool bar device |
| CN205888203U (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-01-18 | 上海新山田精密刀具有限公司 | Antidetonation vertical milling milling cutter pole |
| CN106670522B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-12-07 | 燕山大学 | A kind of High-speed Tool Shank compensating centrifugation expansion using liquid plastics |
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