CN108476853B

CN108476853B - Method for controlling color change of North American red maple leaves

Info

Publication number: CN108476853B
Application number: CN201810323871.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘玉民; 闫洋洋; 刘亚敏; 刘玉; 周文颖; 郭妮
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2018-04-12
Filing date: 2018-04-12
Publication date: 2020-07-28
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-12
Also published as: CN108476853A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of landscaping, in particular to a method for controlling the color change of North American red maple leaves, which comprises the steps of carrying out belt treatment on the lower part of the lowest branch of the North American red maple tree trunk and removing the belt after two years. The method has the advantages that spraying equipment is not needed during operation, the North American red maple leaves can turn red in advance by directly carrying out simple banding treatment, the physiological mechanism and normal growth of the North American red maple are not influenced, the operation is convenient, the equipment cost is saved, and the conditions that the leaf surface is not uniformly absorbed and the leaf color change is not obvious because of exogenous spraying are avoided.

Description

Method for controlling color change of North American red maple leaves

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of landscaping, in particular to a method for controlling the color change of North American red maple leaves.

Background

With the rapid development of the economic level of China, the living standard of people is continuously improved, the urban construction is continuously accelerated, more and more people begin to pay attention to the urban construction, the traditional landscaping cannot meet the requirement of the spiritual culture development of people, the landscaping industry is generally recognized as the 'always sunward industry' in the world, excellent color-leaf plants are an important basis for improving the greening quality, and the color-leaf plants refer to plants which can stably show non-green color in all or part of leaves in the whole growing season or at a certain stage of the growing season. But the excellent color tree species in the market of China at present have a great defect, especially large color-leaf trees, which causes great obstacles to the improvement of the garden quality.

However, with the reduction of latitude, the color change effect is weakened, or the color change is very late, or the color change leaves are not withered and fall, and the garden viewing effect cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for controlling the color change of north american red maple leaves, which does not need spraying equipment during operation, can be directly processed by simple banding, is convenient to operate, saves equipment cost, and simultaneously avoids the situation that the color change of the leaves is not obvious because the leaves are not uniformly absorbed due to exogenous spraying.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:

a method for controlling the color change of North American red maple leaves comprises the steps of carrying out belt treatment on the lower portion of the lowest branch of the North American red maple tree trunk, and removing the belt after two years.

Further, the width of the medicine coating slow-release cloth strip and the width of the bandage are both 2 cm.

Further, the medicine solution is coated on the medicine coating slow-release cloth strips, and the medicine solution contains agar, sucrose, fructose and a plant growth regulator.

Furthermore, the medicine solution contains 10 g/L agar, 35 g/L sucrose, 10 g/L fructose and 15 mg/L plant growth regulator.

Further, the preparation method of the drug solution is as follows: weighing sucrose and fructose, dissolving in double distilled water, stirring until the sucrose and the fructose are completely dissolved, heating to 85-95 ℃, adding agar, stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding a plant growth agent, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a medicinal solution.

Further, the preparation method of the coating sustained-release cloth strip comprises the following steps: cutting the width of the slow-release cloth strip to 2cm, brushing a medicinal solution on one surface of the slow-release cloth strip, cooling until the medicinal solution on the slow-release cloth strip is solidified, repeating the brushing and solidification of the medicinal solution for five times, and finally performing vacuum drying on the slow-release cloth strip to obtain the coated slow-release cloth strip.

The slow release cloth strip is prepared by soaking a common cloth strip in slow release liquid, and forming a porous composite membrane on the common cloth strip after freeze drying, wherein the slow release liquid contains chitosan, titanium dioxide porous microspheres and Arabic gum. The porous composite membrane is formed on the common cloth strip by the slow release liquid containing chitosan, titanium dioxide porous microspheres and Arabic gum, the porous structure of the composite membrane and the titanium dioxide porous microspheres enable the slow release cloth strip to have a large specific surface area, the adsorption of the slow release cloth strip on active ingredients in a medicinal solution is facilitated, particularly the loading of a plant growth regulator on the slow release cloth strip is facilitated, and in the process of binding the North American sequoia, the slow release liquid plays a role in slowly releasing the active ingredients in the medicinal solution, so that the slow release liquid can be continuously and effectively released.

The method is used for regulating and controlling the leaf color change of the North American red maples through manual banding treatment, spraying equipment is not needed during operation, simple banding treatment is directly carried out, the operation is convenient, the equipment cost is saved, and the conditions that the leaf surface is not uniformly absorbed and the leaf color change is not obvious due to exogenous spraying are avoided. The detection of the method result shows that the banding treatment can promote the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanin of leaves, so that the color of the North American red maple leaves is changed to red in advance, and elements such as P, Zn and the like are not obviously changed, so that the physiological mechanism and normal growth of the North American red maple are not influenced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a belt treatment of a method of controlling North American red maple leaf color change according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic point-taking diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of leaf color parameter content of leaves from different parts of North American red maple tested according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of photosynthetic pigment content of leaves from different parts of North American red maple tested according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a graph of anthocyanin content in leaves from different parts of north american red maple tested according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:

the method for controlling the color change of North American red maple leaves comprises the steps of weighing 35g of cane sugar and 10g of fructose, dissolving the cane sugar and the fructose in 1L double-distilled water, stirring the cane sugar and the fructose until the cane sugar and the fructose are completely dissolved, heating the mixture to 85-95 ℃, adding 10g of agar, stirring the mixture until the agar is completely dissolved, cooling the mixture to 50-60 ℃, adding 15mg of plant growth agent, stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a medicinal solution, cutting a slow-release cloth strip to be 2cm in width, brushing the medicinal solution on one side of the slow-release cloth strip until the slow-release cloth strip is completely soaked, cooling the cloth strip until the medicinal solution on the slow-release cloth strip is solidified, repeating the brushing and solidifying of the medicinal solution for five times, finally performing vacuum drying on the slow-release cloth strip to obtain a medicine-coated slow-release cloth strip, attaching the side of the medicine-coated slow-release cloth strip to.

The slow release cloth strip of the embodiment is formed by soaking a common cloth strip in slow release liquid, and forming a porous composite membrane on the common cloth strip after freeze drying, wherein the slow release liquid contains chitosan, titanium dioxide porous microspheres and Arabic gum. The preparation of the slow release liquid is as follows:

firstly preparing titanium dioxide porous microspheres, adding 7g of tetrabutyl titanate into every 10m of L, stirring and dissolving, then adding 2g of triblock copolymer, continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a homogeneous solution, heating and refluxing the obtained homogeneous solution at 65 ℃ for half an hour, cooling to room temperature to obtain titanium dioxide sol, then adopting a copper wire as an anode and an aluminum foil as a cathode, setting the distance between the anode and the cathode to be 20cm, carrying out electric spraying at 12kV voltage, finally obtaining titanium dioxide microspheres on the aluminum foil, placing the titanium dioxide microspheres in a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for roasting for 2h, cooling with the furnace, taking out, grinding to obtain titanium dioxide porous microspheres, secondly preparing a slow-release solution, weighing chitosan, stirring and dissolving in an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 1.5% to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for standby, weighing 1g of arabic gum and 0.2g of titanium dioxide porous microspheres, placing in a mortar for grinding and mixing for 10min, then adding 2m of distilled water to continuously grind to form colostrum, adding distilled water, adding 3920 m of distilled water, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed emulsion, stirring to obtain a mixed solution with the pH of 3650.5394 and adding the mixed solution at 364 ℃ to obtain a slow-release solution.

Completely immersing the common cloth strips in the slow-release solution, stirring every 10min, soaking for 30min, taking out the cloth strips, drying the cloth strips in a freeze dryer, taking out the cloth strips, brushing the slow-release solution on the surfaces of the cloth strips, freeze-drying, repeatedly brushing and freezing for three times, soaking the cloth strips subjected to freeze drying in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% for 5min, taking out, and freeze-drying to obtain the slow-release cloth strips.

The specific embodiment mode and effect detection is as follows:

weighing 35g of sucrose and 10g of fructose, dissolving in 1L double distilled water, stirring until the sucrose and the fructose are completely dissolved, heating to 85-95 ℃, adding 10g of agar, stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding 15mg of a plant growth agent, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a medicinal solution, cutting the width of a slow-release cloth strip to 2cm, brushing the medicinal solution on one surface of the slow-release cloth strip, cooling until the medicinal solution on the slow-release cloth strip is solidified, repeating the brushing and the solidification of the medicinal solution for five times, and finally performing vacuum drying on the slow-release cloth strip to obtain the coated slow-release cloth strip.

The experimental material used in this example is North American red maple cultivar "wine red" planted in test fields in the southern school district of southwest university, and all experimental plants are subjected to conventional management such as unified fertilization, watering, weeding and the like. On 3 months and 1 day 2015, selecting a plant with a lower branch point and only two branches with consistent growth as a test tree, and carrying out band treatment in the middle of one branch, namely, firstly sticking the side with the medicine of the medicine-coated slow-release cloth strip to the trunk, and then fixing the side with the medicine by using a binding band. The branch of the band was designated as SD, i.e. band group, and the branch without band was designated as CK, i.e. control group. The lower part of the branch of the belt group is recorded as S1, and the upper part is recorded as S2; the control was designated C1 on the bottom and C2 on the top, with the specific band numbers as shown in FIG. 1. In 2016, autumn, the difference of leaf colors of a control group and a test group is very obvious, the belt part of a belt branch is obviously thinner than that of an upper trunk and a lower trunk, the normal growth is seriously influenced, the belt treatment is removed in 2017 in 4 months, and various indexes are measured, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

because each tree has a unique physiological mechanism and is interfered by a bridle, the color change periods of leaves of each tree and each treatment branch are inconsistent, the leaf color expression of the test branch S1 which turns red firstly is taken as a sampling standard, namely, the leaves are collected when the leaves of each tree S1 are in the optimal red leaf ornamental period, and the sampling time is 10 months and 8 days to 11 months and 22 days in 2017. During sampling, each processing branch takes 20 spiral uniform samples from top to bottom, and the samples are placed in freshness protection bags with corresponding labels and are quickly brought back to a laboratory. The method comprises the steps of cleaning and wiping the leaves, collecting picture information, deactivating enzyme and drying a part of the leaves for determination of mineral elements, and removing veins, cutting into pieces and uniformly mixing the leaves for determination of physiological indexes.

The method comprises the steps of collecting picture information of blades, taking pictures of cleaned and dried North American red maples by using a digital camera (Nikon D7000, Nikon, Japan), fixing the position of the camera in a room by using a camera frame when taking the pictures, adjusting the mode of the camera to a manual M gear, adjusting the parameters to be an aperture F of 4.5 and a shutter 320s of a sensitivity iso of 500, pasting a white A4 paper on a white wall, temporarily fixing the blades in front of the white paper by using three white lines, only using a stable fluorescent lamp as a unique light source when taking the pictures, reading color parameters of the blades in a color picker of Photoshop (CS6, Adobe corporation, Calif.) software, uniformly taking 8 color points on each blade at similar positions, specifically taking color positions as shown in FIG. 2, repeatedly taking 5 processes each time, recording L, a and b space color models by using L ab space, wherein the parameters represent the ranges of positive values, the brightness and the brightness of the red color is 128, and the brightness is represented as a range of a 128.

Other physiological indicators were determined by extracting the anthocyanin content of the leaves with 1% ethanol hydrochloride, measuring the absorbance values at 600nm and 530nm with a new century UV spectrophotometer (T6, Beijing Punjian general instruments, Inc., Beijing) and measuring the absorbance values at 440nm, 663nm and 645nm with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Bochinoko, 1981), measuring the photosynthetic pigments with a method X.H. Bochinoko, measuring the absorbance values at 440nm, 663nm and 645nm with a UV-visible spectrophotometer, measuring the PPO activity with a method Jiang (Jianing Y.et al, 2000), measuring the PA L with a method Lister (L C E et al, 1996), measuring the soluble sugar content with an anthrone method (Gaofenpen, 2006), measuring the soluble protein with a method Jianfeng (Xifeng, 2003), measuring the mineral element content in the leaves with a method of Yangxi (Weisheng et al, boil, Opadry-Proc.A, Ophio, Mich, Mitsuma corporation, Yongo et al, Yongbo, Inc.).

The significance of differences between indices such as leaf color parameters, photosynthetic pigments, trace elements, etc. of differently treated North American red maple leaves was examined using the one-way ANOVA method in SPSS 19.0(IBM corporation, N.Y.) software, and multiple comparisons were conducted using the least significant difference method (L SD) using Microsoft Excel for simple data calculation and mapping processing.

Influence of (I) strap on leaf color parameters of North American red maple leaves

The leaf color of the plant is usually an external representation of the physiological change inside the plant, the leaf color representation is quantified by measuring the lightness parameter, the hue parameter a, the hue parameter b of the leaf image, and the change in the internal physiology is inferred by numerical values in this example, the leaf color parameters of the sample are measured, and the results are shown in fig. 3, the leaf color parameter a of the leaves is significantly higher than the values of C, and S (P <0.05), the north american red color is shown, indicating that the band can significantly affect the appearance of red, the difference in the a values between C and C is not significant (P >0.05), but the a value of S is significantly higher than S (P <0.05), the difference is 89.92%, and the a value of S is significantly lower than C and C (P <0.05), indicating that the band causes the transfer of the substance that leaves that have red color, or prevents some of the substance that affects red from the upper leaf to the lower leaf leaves, the upper leaf color of the upper band is significantly less than the C, the lower leaf color parameter C >0, the upper leaf color of the band is significantly different from C <0.05, the upper leaf color of the band, the upper leaf C <0.05, the lower leaf C <0.

(II) influence of bridle on photosynthetic pigment content in North America red maple leaves

In this example, the photosynthetic color number of the sample was measured, and the results are shown in fig. 4: the photosynthetic pigment in the leaves of North American red maple after banding changes slightly, but the change is not obvious, the change trends of the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) after banding are consistent, and the content of the photosynthetic pigment in the upper leaves is less than that in the lower leaves; however, banding shoots appeared in higher amounts than controls, probably due to band interference causing chlorophyll accumulation in north american red maple. The content of Car in the upper leaves of North American red maple was substantially unchanged, indicating that the bands had little effect on light and pigment.

(III) Effect of bands on anthocyanin content in North American Red maple leaves

In this example, the anthocyanin content of the sample was determined, as shown in fig. 5: anthocyanin changes differently in north american red maple, with higher anthocyanin in the upper leaf than in the lower leaf, and this difference is more pronounced in the banded branches (P <0.05) and 69.20% higher in the lower, whereas this difference is not as pronounced in the control branches. The banding treatment resulted in 41.30% higher anthocyanin content in the S2 leaf than in the C2 leaf, and only 11.12% difference between S1 and C1, indicating that the banding promoted synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin above the banded branches, or hindered formation of species that break down anthocyanin, and prevented anthocyanin transport down, thus having no significant effect on color development below the branches.

Influence of (IV) banding on activity and content of soluble sugar and soluble protein of North American red maple leaf PA L and PPO

In this example, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase, the polyphenol oxidase, the soluble sugar content, and the soluble protein content of the sample were also measured, and the results are shown in table 1.

The data in Table 1 show that the bands had little effect on the activity of PA L in North American red maple, PA L activity appeared to be associated with the leaf area, the upper leaf had PA L activity values that were slightly greater than the lower leaf, but did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). unlike PA L, the bands had an effect on the PPO activity in the leaf in different parts of North American red maple, with S2 being the least active and C2 being the greatest, with increasing change in the PPO activity in the lower to upper parts of the control, but with S2< S1 in the band, indicating greater effect of the bands on PPO activity.

TABLE 1

(V) influence of banding on mineral content in leaves of North American red maple at different parts

The results of one-way anova analysis of the content of various mineral elements in the band-treated north american red maple leaves are shown in table 2. The results show that: the North American red maple control group and the banding group both showed consistent changes in Ca and K element content in the upper and lower leaves, with no significant difference (P >0.05), indicating that banding did not affect the transport and distribution of Ca and K in North American red maple. The P element content is represented by C2< C1 in the control group, but S2> S1 and C1> S2> S1> C2 in the band group, which indicates that the distribution mechanism of the P element in north american red maple is changed by the band. The Zn element content is represented by C1< C2, but S1> S2, and C2> S1> C1> S2 in the band group, which indicates that the bands affect the distribution of Zn element in north american red maple from bottom to top. The contents of Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu in S2 were significantly lower than S1(P <0.05), and the difference between the upper and lower portions in the control group was not significant, indicating that the band had a significant effect on the transport of these four mineral elements in north american red maple (P < 0.05). The content sequence of the mineral elements in the control group and the S1 leaf is Ca > Mg > P > K > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu, and the sequence in the S2 is Ca > P > Mg > K > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu, so that the proportion of Mg and P elements is changed after the binding, the contents of calcium and magnesium in major elements are higher, and the contents of iron and zinc in trace elements are higher.

TABLE 2

(VI) correlation among contents of various physiologically active substances in North American red maple leaves

The correlation analysis of the leaf color parameters and physiological indexes in the North American red maple leaves is shown in Table 3, and the results show that the leaf color parameters a are in extremely obvious negative correlation with chlorophyll a, carotenoid and total chlorophyll, are in extremely obvious positive correlation with anthocyanin and soluble protein, and are in extremely obvious positive correlation with soluble sugar.

TABLE 3

The color number of leaves of the North American red maple is quantified into leaf color parameters L, a and b by using an L ab color space model, and the leaf color parameters are subjected to correlation analysis with the content of pigments in the leaves, wherein the a value of the leaf color parameter is effective expression of quantification of the red and green color number of the leaves.

PA L, the first key enzyme in the metabolic pathway for anthocyanin biosynthesis, provides precursors for the synthesis of not only anthocyanin but also other substances, and in this example the band has not yet made a major impact on north american red maple PA L, and PA L is in an inversely related relationship to anthocyanin.

In the embodiment, the distribution of mineral elements in the upper leaves of north american red maple is related to the leaf parts, the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu are all lower than those in the lower parts, the belts only have slight influence on Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the K, Ca content is not influenced, but the fundamental reason is that the transport of the mineral elements in north american red maple is restricted by the internal mechanism, so that the mineral elements absorbed by roots are difficult to transport into the leaves on the upper parts of the belts, which causes uneven distribution, and the belts enhance the transport difficulty, which is characterized in that the upper part content of the belts is lower than that of the control, and the lower part content of the belts is higher than that of the control. The greatest effect of banding is P and Zn. According to the experimental research results, the distribution mechanism of the P element is changed by the band, namely the band increases the accumulation of the P element on the upper leaves, the P element is an essential element for plants to maintain biochemical reaction, the P element exists in a plurality of macromolecules, and important energy transfer function is played through a pyrophosphoric acid bond of ATP in the photosynthesis process, which shows that the increase of the P element ensures that the photosynthesis is normally carried out. The Zn element is a necessary trace element for plants as a stable multifunctional metal enzyme, the content of the Zn element directly influences the activity of various enzymes, and the change of the Zn element content in the experiment is small, which shows that the influence of the bridle on the physiological mechanism of the bridle while influencing the color change of leaves is small. If the positions of P and Mg are changed from the viewpoint of the content of each element, namely P is increased by the strap, Mg is decreased, and the ratio of P to Mg is changed.

In conclusion, the artificial banding treatment promotes the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins on the upper parts of the banding branches, so that the color of the North American red maple leaves is changed to red in advance, and elements such as P, Zn are not obviously changed, so that the physiological mechanism and normal growth of the North American red maple are not influenced.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the color change of North American red maple leaves is characterized in that the lower part of the lowest branch of the North American red maple tree trunk is subjected to belt treatment, and the belt is removed after two years, the belt treatment is to firstly attach the side, provided with the medicine, of a medicine-coated slow-release cloth strip to the trunk and then fix the side by using a binding band, the slow-release cloth strip is to soak a common cloth strip in slow-release liquid, and after freeze drying, a porous composite membrane is formed on the common cloth strip, wherein the slow-release liquid contains chitosan, titanium dioxide porous microspheres and Arabic gum;

the preparation of the slow release solution is as follows:

preparing titanium dioxide porous microspheres, adding 7g of tetrabutyl titanate into each 10m L, stirring and dissolving, then adding 2g of triblock copolymer, continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a homogeneous solution, heating and refluxing the obtained homogeneous solution at 65 ℃ for half an hour, cooling to room temperature to obtain titanium dioxide sol, then adopting a copper wire as an anode and an aluminum foil as a cathode, setting the distance between the anode and the cathode to be 20cm, carrying out electronic spraying at 12kV voltage, finally obtaining titanium dioxide microspheres on the aluminum foil, placing the titanium dioxide microspheres in a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for roasting for 2h, cooling along with the furnace, taking out, and grinding to obtain the titanium dioxide porous microspheres;

preparing a slow release solution, weighing chitosan, stirring and dissolving the chitosan in an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 1.5% to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, placing the chitosan solution in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for later use, weighing 1g of Arabic gum and 0.2g of titanium dioxide porous microspheres in addition, placing the mixture in a mortar for grinding and mixing for 10min, then adding 2m L distilled water for continuously grinding to form primary emulsion, adding 20m L distilled water to obtain a mixed emulsion, stirring the mixed emulsion, adding the mixed emulsion into 50m L chitosan solution, adjusting the pH to 4.0, then adding 50m L60 ℃ distilled water, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release solution.

2. The method for controlling north american red maple leaf color change according to claim 1, wherein the width of the applicator slow release cloth strip and the width of the band are both 2 cm.

3. The method for controlling the color change of north american red maple leaves according to claim 2, wherein the drug-coated slow-release cloth strips are coated with a drug solution containing agar, sucrose, fructose, and plant growth regulators.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical solution comprises 10 g/L agar, 35 g/L sucrose, 10 g/L fructose, and 15 mg/L plant growth regulator.

5. The method for controlling leaf color change of North American red maple according to claim 4, wherein said pharmaceutical solution is prepared by the following method: weighing sucrose and fructose, dissolving in double distilled water, stirring until the sucrose and the fructose are completely dissolved, heating to 85-95 ℃, adding agar, stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding a plant growth agent, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a medicinal solution.

6. The method for controlling the color change of North American red maple leaves according to claim 5, wherein the method for preparing said drug-coated slow-release cloth strip is as follows: cutting the width of the slow-release cloth strip to 2cm, brushing a medicinal solution on one surface of the slow-release cloth strip, cooling until the medicinal solution on the slow-release cloth strip is solidified, repeating the brushing and solidification of the medicinal solution for five times, and finally performing vacuum drying on the slow-release cloth strip to obtain the coated slow-release cloth strip.