CN108472409B - 矫形植入物 - Google Patents

矫形植入物 Download PDF

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CN108472409B
CN108472409B CN201680077348.8A CN201680077348A CN108472409B CN 108472409 B CN108472409 B CN 108472409B CN 201680077348 A CN201680077348 A CN 201680077348A CN 108472409 B CN108472409 B CN 108472409B
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CN108472409A (zh
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M·米特洛维奇
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ZM Praezisionsdentaltechnik GmbH
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

在一种矫形植入物中，由非金属材料构成的嵌入体布置在由最初的金属材料构成的罐中。所述嵌入体由基于二氧化锆、氧化铝的陶瓷构成或者由混合氧化物陶瓷构成，而所述罐优选由纯钛或者钛合金、例如Ti‑6Al‑4V制造，其设有多孔小孔并且优选构造为网状结构。钛网状结构首先借助于以陶瓷烧成加固的硅酸盐玻璃焊料获得陶瓷特性，在所述陶瓷的嵌入体与从现在起同样的“陶瓷的”钛罐之间的接下来的连接借助于玻璃焊料进行，所述玻璃焊料基于二氧化硅(SiO2)并且所述玻璃焊料使所述两种组成部分相互连接。

Description

矫形植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于替代关节的植入物，其具有由非金属材料构成的嵌入体和具有至少部分地包围该嵌入体的金属罐。
另外，植入物可以涉及髋关节内假体的一部分，其中，股骨部件可以导入大腿的管状骨中，其中，壳在髋臼侧上作为滑动匹配件使用。在后者的情况下，通常，在由金属材料构成的罐中布置有由非金属材料构成的嵌入体，所述罐调解与身体自身的骨组织的接触。
背景技术
在现在在大多数的情况下，尤其对于髋关节内假体而言，在此所使用的嵌入体大多由聚乙烯材料构成(所述聚乙烯材料可能是高交联聚乙烯材料或者化学交联聚乙烯材料)并且是具有由于磨损颗粒而引起的关节发炎反应的假体松开的最重要原因。但是，另一方面，在金属/金属滑动配对(例如基于钴-铬材料或者贵金属材料，如它们在旁边使用)的情况下，由于放出金属离子而存在着巨大的风险。为了在很大程度上排除这类的麻烦，一种已知的措施是，在开篇所提到的类型的植入物中，使用非金属材料作为嵌入体，即例如在已经提到的髋关节内假体中，将非金属的嵌入体装入例如由钛材料构成的金属罐中。特别地，可以以此方式例如通过用等离子体喷涂方法施加由多孔的磷酸钙或者钛构成的涂层到罐的外表面上来实现与周围的骨组织的好的固定。在这种情况下，这样的钛罐设有贯通开口也是已知的措施。
在关节植入物中，陶瓷是越来越多地受欢迎和利用的材料，其中，在承受负荷的表面中，由于其突出的摩擦特性而通常使用氧化铝、二氧化锆或者由它们组成的混合物。此外，这些材料的特征在于好的生物相容性和在人体中的高的接收度。然而，在这些材料中，通常仅仅存在着骨整合的相对小的倾向，其灵活性也不同于在钛材料的情况下。由此原因，已经提出用于牙科的和矫形的植入物的多种表面修整和涂层，其中，钛基体设有外层或者表面结构。在此，也使用由二氧化锆和具生物活性的玻璃组成的涂层。在此，特别注意翻修手术的可能性、(如果变得必需)之前所装入的植入物的外移植的可能性。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，这样构造开篇所提到的类型的植入物，使得其一方面与周围的骨材料在骨整合的意义上很好地连接，并且，植入物同时也能够没有困难地实现翻修手术。
本发明通过如下方式解决该任务：其设置，在这类植入物中，陶瓷体由钛材料构成的罐包围，其中，金属罐的面用以陶瓷烧成加固的硅酸盐的陶瓷焊料预涂覆，并且，其接下来与嵌入体的外面的焊接通过基于二氧化硅的玻璃焊料进行，所述玻璃焊料使两种组成部分相互连接。
这样的植入物是用于人体的所有关节(即尤其用于人造的膝关节、髋关节、肩关节或者指尖关节)的生物相容的解决方案；用于脊柱、用于其它的小的关节的部件也可以由根据本发明的植入物制造。在此，增材制造方法例如快速成型被证明特别适合用于这样的植入物的制造。装入金属罐中的陶瓷体不但可以由纯氧化铝陶瓷、二氧化锆陶瓷构成，或者但是可以由氧化铝和二氧化锆(必要时与由氧化钇构成的添加剂一起)组成的所谓的混合氧化物陶瓷构成。
由钛合金构成的、由此而具有陶瓷的特性的穿通的网状结构的完全的涂层特别适合用于无粘合剂的植入物，其中，确保所有从结合物中脱离的金属离子(在这种情况下，主要是二氧化钛)可靠的覆盖和捕捉。在这样的全陶瓷的网中，通过玻璃焊料制造与布置在其下的陶瓷体的连接，所述玻璃焊料能使两种陶瓷相互连接。预处理借助于一种方法进行，在这种方法中，均匀地喷镀由陶瓷焊料构成的层并且接下来使其经受燃烧过程。通过这种燃烧过程，金属获得陶瓷式的表面并且不仅仅结合所有放出的二氧化钛，而且同时补偿钛表面的粗糙度并且由此形成用于接下来的焊接过程的最优的基底。
附图说明
接下来，根据在绘图中示出的实施例详细地解释本发明。附图示出：
图1以立体示图示出用于髋关节内假体的陶瓷体，
图2和3示出最初的金属罐的两种不同的实施方式，所述金属罐包围陶瓷的嵌入体并且所述金属罐分别设有多个小的开口，
图4示出陶瓷的嵌入体与网状结构的拼合，
图5示出直接所配属的罐和嵌入体的示意性的示图，
图6示出具有在罐与嵌入体之间的间距保持件的、根据图5的示图。
具体实施方式
根据图1的示图示出用于髋关节内假体的陶瓷的嵌入体1，所述陶瓷的嵌入体被装入最初构造为金属罐或者壳2、3的罩中。嵌入体1要么由纯的氧化铝陶瓷、二氧化锆陶瓷构成要么由氧化铝和二氧化锆(必要时与由氧化钇构成的添加剂一起)组成的所谓的混合氧化物陶瓷构成，并且设有一体地成型出的中心的定位器6，所述定位器穿过壳2、3的中心的通孔延伸并且所述定位器此外有助于多余的焊料流出。在本发明的在这里所示出的实施例的情况下，壳2、3的材料最初涉及钛合金Ti-6Al-4V(5级钛)。
在本发明的在图2至4中所示出的实施例的情况下，钛壳具有多个小的开口并且可以如在图2中所示出地构造为网状结构或者按根据图3的三维孔板3的类型构造。借助于喷枪技术12、13或者借助于其它的合适的技术将硅酸盐玻璃焊料8的薄的、但是覆盖的层涂抹在该结构上并且接下来使其经受陶瓷烧成。在此，重要的是，用焊料8涂覆钛壳2、3的所有的区域并且使其经受陶瓷烧成，所述陶瓷烧成然后产生无滴的、均匀的、被加固的层。
然后，壳2、3要么直接地要么通过间距保持件14安置在陶瓷的嵌入体1上并且与其通过基于SiO2、Al2O3、K2O和Na2O的玻璃焊料9以焊接过程连接，在所述焊接过程中，优选温度保持在850℃以下，以避免钛的相态转变。在该焊接过程之前，例如借助毛刷14(如这在根据图4的布置中示出)用玻璃焊料9覆盖网状结构或者孔板结构2、3的接片和内边缘。在此，由涂镀在钛结构2、3的所说明的部分上和在陶瓷的嵌入体1的外面上的玻璃焊料9的层厚度产生两个部分、即嵌入体1和钛结构2或者3到彼此的间距。现在，由焊接过程所产生的、在嵌入体1与钛壳2或者3的结构之间的连接适合用于将植入物无粘合剂地固定在病人的身体中。
原理上，虽然膝盖内假体的滑动配对的几何结构比髋关节的几何结构复杂得多，但是，在这种情况下也可以制造和使用以上所说明的类型的植入物。用于脊柱的、用于小的关节的部件也可以由这样的植入物制造。无论如何，决定性的是，钛结构首先借助于硅酸盐玻璃焊料而具有陶瓷的特性，从而可靠地包围所有的金属的磨损颗粒，尤其不会有钛离子漏出并且较晚发生最高的硅磨损，其中，在陶瓷的嵌入体与同样的“陶瓷的”钛罐之间的连接借助于硅酸盐玻璃焊料进行，所述玻璃焊料适合于，使两种陶瓷的组成部分相互连接。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于替代关节的矫形植入物，其具有由作为陶瓷的非金属材料构成的嵌入体和具有由钛材料构成的至少部分地包围该嵌入体的金属罐，其特征在于，所述金属罐(2，3)的面用以陶瓷烧成加固的硅酸盐玻璃焊料预涂覆，并且，其与所述嵌入体(1)的外面的接下来的焊接通过基于二氧化硅(SiO2)的玻璃焊料(9)进行，所述玻璃焊料使所述两个组成部分相互连接并且所述金属罐(2，3)具有呈多个小孔的形式的穿通部并且构造为网状结构或构造为孔板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述嵌入体(1)由基于氧化铝陶瓷的陶瓷构成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述嵌入体(1)由基于二氧化锆陶瓷的陶瓷构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述嵌入体(1)由基于混合氧化物陶瓷的陶瓷构成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述罐(2，3)由钛构成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述罐(2，3)由钛合金构成。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，在金属罐(2，3)与嵌入体(1)之间设置有间距保持件(15)。
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