CN108471108A - Micro-capacitance sensor determination method based on positive sequence fault component electric current - Google Patents
Micro-capacitance sensor determination method based on positive sequence fault component electric current Download PDFInfo
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- CN108471108A CN108471108A CN201810212791.2A CN201810212791A CN108471108A CN 108471108 A CN108471108 A CN 108471108A CN 201810212791 A CN201810212791 A CN 201810212791A CN 108471108 A CN108471108 A CN 108471108A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/226—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for wires or cables, e.g. heating wires
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of micro-capacitance sensor determination method based on positive sequence fault component electric current, including：Judge whether line current is abnormal, if so, carrying out in next step, otherwise continuing to judge；According to formula (I) failure judgement type, if there are at least one Si, make SiS is satisfied by for all k, jiBus-bar fault then occurs for ＞ 0, and feeder messenger wire failure otherwise occurs.The present invention utilizes phase characteristic of the positive sequence fault component electric current in micro-capacitance sensor failure, can fast and effeciently carry out fault verification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-grid protection, in particular to a micro-grid judgment method based on positive sequence fault component current.
Background
The peak-valley performance of a power grid can be effectively improved by emerging distributed power generation technologies such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, a large number of distributed power sources and a distribution network are combined to form a micro-grid, and the micro-grid is powerful supplement to the power grid. The micro-grid can effectively improve the utilization rate of the distributed power supply and the renewable energy, but the micro-grid has multiple operation modes, fault characteristics are different greatly under different operation modes, and in addition, the distributed power supply has the characteristics of intermittency and uncertainty, so that the fault judgment of the micro-grid is difficult, and relay protection is not facilitated.
The existing protection scheme of the micro-grid does not consider the fault characteristics caused by a distributed power supply with low voltage ride through, each branch line of the micro-grid is complex, a large number of directional elements and voltage and current sensors are installed, the whole system is greatly improved, and the micro-grid protection scheme is not economical.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a microgrid fault determination method and protection method based on a positive sequence fault component current, which can quickly and effectively determine a fault by using the phase characteristics of the positive sequence fault component current when the microgrid has a fault. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the micro-grid judgment method based on the positive sequence fault component current comprises the following steps:
judging whether the line current is abnormal or not, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuously judging;
judging the type of fault according to formula (I), if there is at least one SiLet SiSatisfies S for all k, jiIf the voltage is more than 0, generating bus fault, otherwise generating feeder line fault
Wherein i represents a bus number, k and j represent feeder numbers connected with the bus i, k is not equal to j, i, j and k are more than or equal to 1,andthe positive sequence fault component currents of a feeder line k and a feeder line j connected with a bus i are respectively represented, and the arg function represents the argument of the complex number.
Further, still include: and carrying out fault line positioning.
Further, the fault line positioning includes bus fault positioning and feeder fault positioning.
Further, the bus fault location specifically comprises: satisfies SiThe bus i > 0 is a fault bus.
Further, the feeder fault location specifically includes: the fault location of the feeder line is carried out by a formula (II), if VjIf the number of the feeder lines is more than 0, the feeder line j is a fault feeder line;
wherein,andrespectively representing the positive sequence fault component current flowing to the buses on two adjacent sides by the feeder line j.
And further, judging whether the positive sequence fault component current amplitude of the fault line is maximum, if so, judging the fault line to be a final fault line, otherwise, judging the fault type again.
Further, the method also comprises the step of judging whether the protection device is started or not.
Further, the judging whether to start the protection device specifically includes: judging whether to start the protection device according to a formula (III), if IOPIf the voltage is more than 0, starting the protection device, otherwise, not starting the protection device;
wherein,andthe positive sequence fault component currents on two sides of the fault line are respectively, and K is a coefficient larger than zero.
The invention utilizes the phase characteristic of the positive sequence fault component current when the microgrid has a fault, can quickly and effectively judge the fault, firstly, the invention can distinguish whether the bus fault or the feeder fault is the bus fault or the feeder fault according to the phase of the positive sequence fault component current, and can not be influenced by the system power supply potential and the transition resistance fault, secondly, the invention can simply and quickly realize the fault line positioning, and has high sensitivity and good selectivity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microgrid.
Fig. 2 is a bus fault positive sequence fault component network diagram.
Fig. 3 is a bus fault equivalent component network diagram.
Fig. 4 is a positive sequence fault component current diagram of each feeder line of the bus fault.
Fig. 5 is a feeder fault positive sequence fault component network diagram.
Fig. 6 is a feeder line fault positive sequence fault component current diagram for each feeder line.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a microgrid determination method.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a system simulation model.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a micro-grid judgment method based on positive sequence fault component current, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: judging whether the line current is abnormal or not, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuously judging;
step S2: judging the type of fault according to formula (I), if there is at least one SiLet SiSatisfies S for all k, jiIf the voltage is more than 0, generating bus fault, otherwise generating feeder line fault
Wherein i represents a bus number, k and j represent feeder numbers connected with the bus i, k is not equal to j, i, j and k are more than or equal to 1,andthe positive sequence fault component currents of a feeder line k and a feeder line j connected with a bus i are respectively represented, and the arg function represents the argument of the complex number.
Preferably, this embodiment further includes: step S3: and carrying out fault line positioning.
Specifically, the fault line locating in step S3 includes bus fault locating and feeder fault locating.
Specifically, the bus fault location specifically includes: satisfies SiThe bus i > 0 is a fault bus.
Specifically, the feeder fault location specifically includes: the fault location of the feeder line is carried out by a formula (II), if VjIf the number of the feeder lines is more than 0, the feeder line j is a fault feeder line;
wherein,andrespectively representing feed linesj flows to the positive sequence fault component current of the two adjacent side buses.
For convenience of understanding, the bus fault and the feeder fault are respectively analyzed by combining with the specific drawings.
Bus fault analysis is as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microgrid, which includes a distribution network, the distribution network is connected with a bus through a transformer, the bus is a distribution network side bus, the distribution network side bus is connected with a Load side bus through different feeders, wherein CB represents a circuit breaker, CBK represents a kth circuit breaker, the Load side bus is connected with a Load, and the Load side bus can also be connected with a distributed power supply DG. Assuming that any bus in the network has a fault, taking the fault at point F1 as an example, the corresponding fault component network diagram is shown in fig. 2, in which Z isi(i 1, 2,. and n) are respectively the positive sequence impedance of each feeder line of the microgrid,respectively positive sequence fault component currents flowing through the feeders,positive sequence fault component potential at point F1, RFAs an additional impedance to the point of failure,is the positive sequence fault component voltage, Δ I, of the busFIs the positive sequence fault component current at the fault point. When the direction from the bus to the feeder is defined as positive direction, the network equivalent diagram when the bus fails is shown in fig. 3, wherein Z ∑1＝Z1//Z2//...//Zn。
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, when a fault occurs on a bus, the positive-sequence fault component currents of all lines connected to the faulty bus are:
wherein, Delta Z sigmai＝Z1+Z2+...+Zi-1+Zi+1+...+Zn，ΔZ∑j＝Z1+Z2+...+Zj-1+Zj+1+...+Zn。
According to the formulas (1) and (2), the phases of the positive sequence fault component currents of all the lines connected to the fault bus are the same or similar, and the requirements are metHowever, for all lines connected to the non-faulty bus, there must be one line with a phase opposite to that of the other lines, and the corresponding faulty bus current vector is shown in fig. 4.
Therefore, whether a bus fault occurs can be judged only by measuring the positive sequence fault component current phase of each feeder line connected with the bus in the microgrid, and if the positive sequence fault component current phase of a certain bus flowing into each feeder line is in the same direction, the bus fault is the bus fault, and the bus is the fault bus.
The feeder fault analysis is as follows:
also taking the micro-grid system shown in fig. 1 as an example, assuming that any feeder line in the system fails, taking the failure at point F2 as an example, the corresponding failure component network is shown in fig. 5, where Z issmIs the system positive sequence impedance, RFFor additional impedance at fault point, Z sigma2Is the positive sequence equivalent impedance of the rest of the lines, ZDG2Equivalent impedance, Z, corresponding to DG2Load2For the impedance value of the Load2,andrespectively positive sequence fault component current and voltage on both sides of the fault feeder,andpositive sequence fault component currents flowing through the system side (distribution network side) and the distributed power supply side, respectively.
When a feeder line has a fault, the positive sequence fault shunt currents flowing through buses on two sides of the fault feeder line are respectively as follows:
since most of the micro-grid is inductive impedance, it is possible to obtain:
ΔIm≈ΔIsm+ΔIgm(9)
from the equations (3), (5) and (6), when the feeder line fault occurs in the microgrid, the phases of the positive sequence fault component currents of the buses connected with the fault feeder line are different, and the phases of the corresponding bus positive sequence fault component currents are as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, whether a feeder fault or a bus fault occurs can be judged according to the phase of the positive sequence fault component current flowing out of each microgrid of the microgrid, and a criterion expression is as follows:
if at least one SiLet SiSatisfies S for all k, jiIf the voltage is more than 0, generating bus fault, otherwise generating feeder line fault.
The positive sequence fault component current phases flowing to the buses on the two sides of the fault feeder line are the same, the positive sequence fault component current phases flowing to the buses on the two sides of the normal feeder line are opposite or approximately opposite, so that the fault feeder line can be positioned by judging the positive sequence fault component current phases flowing to the buses on the two sides of the feeder line, and the criterion expression of the fault feeder line is as follows:
if VjAnd if the number of the feeder lines is more than 0, the feeder line j is a fault feeder line.
As can be obtained from equations (8) and (9), the positive sequence fault component current in the fault line has the largest amplitude, and the current amplitude thereof is approximately equal to the sum of the positive sequence fault component currents of the other branches, so that, as an advantage, to enhance the reliability of the criterion, the embodiment may further include step S4: and judging whether the positive sequence fault component current amplitude of the fault line is maximum, if so, judging the fault line to be a final fault line, and otherwise, judging the fault type again.
Preferably, theEmbodiments may further include step S5: judging whether to start the protection device, specifically, judging whether to start the protection device specifically includes: judging whether to start the protection device according to a formula (III), if IOPIf the voltage is more than 0, starting the protection device, otherwise, not starting the protection device;
wherein,andthe positive sequence fault component currents on two sides of a fault line are respectively, K is a coefficient larger than zero, the fault line can be a feeder line or a bus, and the bus is a special feeder line.
It should be noted that, according to the specific contradiction between the action sensitivity of the traditional differential criterion in the case of the zone-internal fault and the braking reliability in the case of the zone-external fault (or normal operation), the improvement is made by the formula (III), which organically combines the action sensitivity in the case of the zone-internal fault and the braking reliability in the case of the zone-external fault (or normal operation), and the action sensitivity in the case of the internal fault and the braking reliability in the case of the zone-external fault (or normal operation)In or near the same phase, soOPIf the value is more than 0, the action amount is larger if the value of K is larger, and the reason is more and more when an external fault (or normal operation) occursOpposite or nearly opposite in phase, so IOPIf the value of K is larger than 0, the braking amount is larger. The visible coefficient K has double characteristics, namely an action coefficient and a braking coefficient, can simultaneously increase the sensitivity of protecting internal faults and the reliability of protecting external faults (or normally operating), and greatly enhances the protection performance.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of an entire method of the method for determining a microgrid based on a positive-sequence fault component current according to the present embodiment.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a simulation example, as shown in fig. 8, which is a system simulation model diagram, wherein the rated capacity of the photovoltaic power source PV1 is 6kW, the rated capacity of the photovoltaic power source PV2 is 10kW, the Load is composed of an inductor and a resistor, the active power P of the whole Load is 2kW, the reactive power Q is 1Kvar, and the bus is connected with a Load, and the parameters are the same as above. Line parameter Z1At (0.38+ j0.17)/km, F1 is located on the connection line (feeder 2) between bus a and bus C, and F2 is located on bus B, with the fault occurring at 0.3s for 0.2 s. It should be noted here that for simplicity, the simulation system has only 4 bus bars, and therefore the bus bars are represented by capital letters A, B, C, D, the feeder lines are represented by L1, L2, etc., and the lengths of the feeder lines are represented in the figure, for example, 3 km.
The following description will be given taking an example in which a single-phase ground fault occurs in the feeder 2 and a single-phase ground fault occurs in the bus B.
Single-phase earth fault with feeder 2:
as shown in table 1, when a fault occurs at point F1, for example, the phases of the positive sequence fault components of all the buses flowing into the feeder are not completely consistent, and therefore it can be preliminarily determined that the feeder has a fault, at this time, the phase of the positive sequence fault current flowing into bus a by feeder L2 is-154 °, the phase of the positive sequence fault current flowing into bus C is-115 °, and therefore, the positive sequence fault component currents flowing into the buses on both sides by feeder L2 are in the same direction, and it can be determined that the feeder has a fault, and the amplitude of the positive sequence fault component current flowing into bus a by feeder L2 is 134A, which is the maximum value of the whole system, and it can be further determined that L2 is the.
And in the positive sequence fault component currents measured in other non-fault areas, the positive sequence fault component currents flowing to the two sides of the feeders L1 and L3 are opposite in phase, and the amplitude is smaller relative to the fault feeder, so that the feeder is judged to be a normal feeder.
TABLE 1F 1 Fault Positive sequence Fault Components
Bus B failed at point F2:
as shown in table 2, the positive sequence fault component current phases of the bus incoming feeders L1, L4, L5 and L6 are 24 °, 62 °, 58 ° and 58 °, respectively, and the positive sequence fault component current phases of the fault buses incoming feeders are all positive, so that the types of microgrid faults can be clearly distinguished and the positions of the fault buses can be determined. In addition, the amplitude of the positive sequence fault component flowing into the feeder line L1 from the bus B is 104A, which is the largest compared with the bus in the non-fault area, so that the reliability of phase positioning can be enhanced, and the phase angle and amplitude of the positive sequence fault component flowing into each feeder line from the rest buses are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2F 2 Fault Positive sequence Fault Components
When a fault occurs at the point F1, the amplitude of the fault current flowing to the feeder line L2 from the bus A and the bus C is 134A and 4A respectively, the phase is-154 degrees and-115 degrees respectively, and the phase is IOPIs much greater than zero when IOPAnd when the output semaphore is more than 0, the protection device is started, otherwise, the output semaphore is-1, and the protection device is not started.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The micro-grid judgment method based on the positive sequence fault component current is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
judging whether the line current is abnormal or not, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuously judging;
judging the type of fault according to formula (I), if there is at least one SiLet SiSatisfies S for all k, jiIf the voltage is more than 0, generating bus fault, otherwise generating feeder line fault
Wherein i represents a bus number, k and j represent feeder numbers connected with the bus i, k is not equal to j, i, j and k are more than or equal to 1,andthe positive sequence fault component currents of a feeder line k and a feeder line j connected with a bus i are respectively represented, and the arg function represents the argument of the complex number.
2. The microgrid fault determination method based on a positive sequence fault component current of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out fault line positioning.
3. The microgrid fault determination method based on positive sequence fault component currents of claim 2, wherein the performing fault line localization includes bus fault localization and feeder fault localization.
4. The microgrid fault determination method based on a positive sequence fault component current according to claim 3, characterized in that the bus fault location is specifically: satisfies SiThe bus i > 0 is a fault bus.
5. The microgrid fault determination method based on a positive-sequence fault component current according to claim 3, characterized in that the feeder fault location is specifically: the fault location of the feeder line is carried out by a formula (II), if VjIf the number of the feeder lines is more than 0, the feeder line j is a fault feeder line;
wherein,andrespectively representing the positive sequence fault component current flowing to the buses on two adjacent sides by the feeder line j.
6. The microgrid fault determination method based on the positive sequence fault component current is characterized by further comprising the step of determining whether the positive sequence fault component current amplitude of the fault line is maximum, if so, determining the fault line as a final fault line, and otherwise, re-determining the fault type.
7. The positive sequence fault component current based microgrid decision method of claim 2, further comprising determining whether to activate a protection device.
8. The method for determining the microgrid based on the positive sequence fault component current according to claim 7, wherein the judging whether to start the protection device is specifically as follows: judging whether to start the protection device according to a formula (III), if IOPIf the voltage is more than 0, starting the protection device, otherwise, not starting the protection device;
wherein,andthe positive sequence fault component currents on two sides of the fault line are respectively, and K is a coefficient larger than zero.
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| CN110635463A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-31 | 中国农业大学 | Micro-grid comprehensive protection method based on improved search protection and differential protection |
| CN113009278A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-22 | 西华大学 | Power distribution network fault positioning method based on fault traveling wave time detection |
| CN113009280A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-22 | 长沙学院 | Micro-grid fault positioning method based on fault characteristic active construction |
| CN114221301A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-22 | 北方工业大学 | Alternating current micro-grid protection method and device considering photovoltaic low-voltage ride through characteristics |
| CN117934883A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-26 | 西华大学 | Distribution network area identification method based on graph neural network |
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