A kind of directional diagram reconstructable broadband flexibility electronically small antenna applied to wisdom traffic
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna design techniques fields, and it is soft to be related to a kind of directional diagram reconstructable broadband applied to wisdom traffic
Property electronically small antenna.
Background technology
With the rapid development of the generation information technologies such as Internet of Things, spatial perception, cloud computing, mobile Internet, all things on earth
Interconnection, artificial intelligence epoch open the new page of urban development.Wisdom traffic enters people’s lives, is carried for the trip of people
More intelligent selection is supplied.Such as in ITS intelligent transportation systems, automobile needs to send and receive each as network node
Kind signal.And the communication between vehicle and vehicle, the information exchange between vehicle and base station all be unable to do without antenna.This requires antennas can
Meet the demand of scene.First, installing antenna in extremely limited space, this requires antenna miniaturization, flexible conformalization is to subtract
Small occupied space when being in front and back between vehicle and vehicle, can be directed to assigned direction and receive strong signal second is that working as vehicle and base station, this
Require antenna can in real time switching-beam direction, realize wave beam reconfigurability energy.And current difficult point is under electric small-size
Aerial band width, directionality are poor, still have gap with practical application, needless to say realize directional diagram reconstructable performance, therefore design
Flexible with broadband, the electronically small antenna of directional diagram reconstructable has huge applications foreground.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of directional diagram reconstructable broadband applied to wisdom traffic is flexible
Electronically small antenna, the antenna encourage the break-make of the PIN switching diodes loaded on oscillator by control, realize excitation oscillator structure
It is electrically controllable, while the phase and amplitude of upper surface parasitism oscillator is influenced, so that one of them is shown as spurious element, another shows as
Reflector realizes good end-fire antenna pattern using quasi- Yagi spark gap principle in passband, while the neighbouring resonance of two generated
Frequency point further expands bandwidth, realizes the small broadband performance of electricity, and to design, to have both directional diagram reconstructable, broadband and flexibility total
The electronically small antenna of shape performance.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of directional diagram reconstructable broadband flexibility electronically small antenna applied to wisdom traffic, including medium substrate 2 (1),
The structures such as parasitic oscillator 1, excitation oscillator 3, coaxial cable 4;
The upper and lower surface of the medium substrate 2 is provided with parasitic oscillator 1 and excitation oscillator 3 respectively;The parasitism shakes
Son 1 is made of the parasitic patch of a pair of improved Egyptian battleax shape, is placed in mirror symmetry about axis;The excitation oscillator
3 shapes are corresponding with parasitic oscillator 1, additional straight by the four PIN switching diodes 5 loaded thereon and six wire-wound inductors 6
It flows bias supply and realizes that electrically controllable wave beam is restructural;The inside and outside core of the coaxial cable 4 is connected respectively in excitation oscillator 3
Two minor matters of the heart.
Further, the radius of the medium substrate is 23mm-27mm, thickness 0.1mm-0.3mm.
Further, most nearby spacing is 2.8-6.8mm to described two parasitic patch;The single improved Egyptian battleax shape
Shape is arc-shaped and the shape of rectangular ribbon in 70.86 ° of bendings form by two, arc-shaped to subtract inner elliptical by outer circle and obtain
It arrives;
Further, the external radius of circle is 23mm-27mm;The inner elliptical long axis is 20-24mm, short axle 18-
22mm;Described two arc-shaped spacing are 4.8-8.8mm;The shape of rectangular ribbon width is 0.4-0.8mm.
Further, 3 shape of excitation oscillator is corresponding with parasitic oscillator 1, and position is loaded with mirror symmetry in its center
Four PIN switch diodes 5 and two wire-wound inductors 6, at its end position load four wire-wound inductors 6.
By loading four PIN switching diodes on excitation oscillator, external DC bias circuit makes the antenna have
There are two types of end-fire radiation mode State-L and State-R, both of which main lobe realizes two at axial symmetry, by electric-controlled switch
The real-time switching of kind pattern.
As shown in Fig. 2, when-two PIN switching diode unicom of y-axis, when two PIN switching diodes of+y-axis disconnect, day
Line main lobe direction-y-axis direction, is named as State-L, and when+two PIN switching diode unicom of y-axis, two PIN of-y-axis are opened
When closing diode disconnection, antenna main lobe direction+y-axis direction is named as State-R.
Further, the inside and outside core of the coaxial cable 4 is connected respectively to two minor matters of center of excitation oscillator 3, two minor matters phases
It is not connected to mutually, the distance between two parallel minor matters is 0.56mm-0.96mm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) for the present invention by loading four PIN switching diodes on excitation oscillator, external DC bias circuit makes this
There are two types of end-fire radiation mode State-L and State-R for antenna tool, and both of which main lobe is symmetrical about x-axis, is opened by automatically controlled
Close the real-time switching for realizing both of which;
2) antenna match of the present invention is good, and has good end-fire characteristic, and the achievable gain of test reaches
4.43dBi, it is front and back to compare 13.56dB;
3) there is antenna of the present invention the small characteristic of broadband electricity, compact-sized ka=0.94, test result to obtain score band
Width is 12.9%, and comparing same size electronically small antenna has broader bandwidth;
4) antenna of the present invention has flexible conformal nature, and carrying out the conformal equal energy of flexible bending along x-axis or y-axis keeps
Good end-fire radiance.
Description of the drawings
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Explanation:
Fig. 1 is the overall structure 3-D view of antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the parasitic oscillator of antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the upward view of the excitation oscillator of antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the emulation and test of two kinds of directional diagram reconstructable states State-L and State-R of antenna of the present invention
S parameter curve graph;
Fig. 5 is that E plane, H plane of the antenna of the present invention in two resonance frequency points 1.708GHz and 1.798GHz emulate
With testing radiation field pattern;
Each reference numeral in attached drawing is respectively:1- parasitism oscillators, 2- medium substrates, 3- excitation oscillators, 4- coaxial cables,
5-PIN switching diodes, 6- wire-wound inductors.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the whole knot of the directional diagram reconstructable broadband flexibility electronically small antenna of the present invention applied to wisdom traffic
Structure 3-D view, as shown in Figure 1, the antenna includes parasitic oscillator 1, medium substrate 2, excitation oscillator 3, coaxial cable 4, PIN is opened
Close diode 5 and wire-wound inductor 6;The coaxial cable 4 includes inner core, dielectric layer and outer conductor, and inside and outside core is connected respectively to sharp
Two minor matters of center of vibrator 3, and two minor matters are mutually not attached to.
The thickness of the medium substrate 2 is 0.1mm-0.3mm, and thickness is 0.127mm in the present embodiment;It is close to set in upper surface
It is equipped with parasitic oscillator 1, lower surface is provided with excitation oscillator 3, and the parasitism oscillator 1 is by a pair of improved Egyptian battleax shape
Parasitic patch composition, about axis in mirror symmetry placement;3 shape of excitation oscillator is corresponding with parasitic oscillator 1, passes through
The four PIN switching diodes 5 and six wire-wound inductors 6 loaded thereon, external dc bias supply realize that electrically controllable wave beam can
Reconstruct.
The parasitism oscillator 1 is made of the parasitic patch of a pair of improved Egyptian battleax shape, is in mirror about plane axis
As symmetrical, to parasitic patch, most nearby spacing is 4.8mm for this;The single improved Egyptian battleax shape by two it is arc-shaped and
One shape of rectangular ribbon composition in 70.86 ° of bendings, arc-shaped inner elliptical is subtracted by outer circle to obtain, corresponding outer circle half
Diameter is 23mm-27mm, and external radius of circle is 25mm in the present embodiment;Corresponding inner elliptical long axis is 20-24mm, and short axle is
18-22mm, corresponding two arc-shaped spacing are 4.8-8.8mm, and inner elliptical long axis is 22.009mm, short axle in the present embodiment
For 20.433mm, corresponding two arc-shaped spacing are 6.8mm;The shape of rectangular ribbon width is 0.4-0.8mm, in the present embodiment
Shape of rectangular ribbon width is 0.61mm.
3 shape of excitation oscillator is corresponding with parasitic oscillator, and position is loaded with four PIN of mirror symmetry in its center
Switch diode 5 and two wire-wound inductors 6, position loads four wire-wound inductors 6 at its end, corresponding PIN switching diodes away from
It is L4/2=2.85mm with a distance from x-axis, that is, central axes.
The radius R of the medium substrate 2 is 25mm, material selection The Rogers Duroid 5880, opposite dielectric
Constant is 2.2, relative permeability 1.0, loss angle tangent 0.0009.
The parasitism oscillator 1, to be that thickness is identical cover Copper thin film to excitation oscillator 3.
After completing above-mentioned initial designs, simulation analysis is carried out using high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software HFSS13.0, is passed through
It is as shown in table 1 below that parameters size is obtained after simulation optimization:
The elliptical long axis of Egyptian battleax shaped interior is represented with reference to Fig. 2,3, Ra, it is oval that Rb represents Egyptian battleax shaped interior
Short axle, R represents the radius of Egyptian battleax shaped exterior circle, and it is long that L1 represents the half that Egyptian battleax shape bends shape of rectangular ribbon
Degree, L2 represent the length that excitation oscillator bending part corresponds to minor matters, and L3 represents PIN switching diodes from excitation oscillator Bending minor matters
Distance, L4 represents the distance between two PIN switching diodes in Y direction, and L5 represents wire-wound inductor and excitation oscillator end
The distance at end, W1 represent the width of Egyptian battleax shape bending shape of rectangular ribbon, and W2 represents excitation oscillator bending part and corresponds to minor matters
Width, W3 represents excitation oscillator horizontal component and corresponds to the broadbands of minor matters, and it is nearest to parasitic patch that G1 represents this in parasitism oscillator
The spacing at place, G2 represent in parasitic oscillator that corresponding two arc-shaped spacing, G3 are represented as load PIN in single parasitic patch
The gap width that switching diode is stayed, G4 represent the distance of excitation oscillator center parallel minor matters between the two, and α represents excitation and shakes
The bending angle of son bending shape of rectangular ribbon.
1 each parameter optimum size table of the present invention of table
Parameter |
Size (mm) |
Ra |
22.009 |
Rb |
20.433 |
R |
25 |
L1 |
16.38 |
L2 |
15.74 |
L3 |
4.58 |
L4 |
5.7 |
L5 |
4.83 |
W1 |
0.61 |
W2 |
3.80 |
W3 |
4 |
G1 |
4.8 |
G2 |
6.8 |
G3 |
0.3 |
G4 |
0.76 |
α |
70.86° |
According to above-mentioned parameter, using HFSS to the designed directional diagram reconstructable broadband flexible electrical applied to wisdom traffic
The reflectance factor of miniature antenna | S11| characterisitic parameter carries out simulation analysis, and analysis result is as follows:
Fig. 4 is the emulation of the present invention and the S parameter curve graph with frequency change that test obtains.As shown in figure 4, involved
Antenna simulation result identical, the working frequency range 1.676-1.916GHz that obtains match curve under two kinds of wave beam states ,-
10dB bandwidth is 240MHz, fractional bandwidth 13.4%.Test result is shown, in the case of State-L, Antenna Operation frequency range is
1.683-1.915GHz bandwidth of operation 232MHz, fractional bandwidth 12.9%;In the case of State-R, Antenna Operation frequency range is
1.677-1.915GHz bandwidth of operation 238MHz, fractional bandwidth 13.3%.Emulation is consistent with test result;
Fig. 5 is the antenna of emulation in State-R, respectively in two resonance frequency points 1.708GHz and 1.798GHz
Emulation and test two-dimensional radiation directional diagram.As shown in figure 5, the maximum achievable gain of test (emulation), maximum front and back ratio are respectively
4.43 (4.78) dBi, 13.56 (16.15) dB have good end-fire radiation characteristic in free transmission range.It is opened by controlling PIN
The break-make switching state for closing diode also has good end-fire antenna pattern by emulating and testing State-L.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.