CN102013559A - Beam scanning array antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beam scanning array antenna mainly solving the problems that a traditional passive beam scanning antenna has complicated structure and high loading and processing cost caused by using reactive elements. The whole antenna comprises a microstrip isopower distribution feed network (12), a vibrator unit (15), a feed microstrip extension line (16) and a diode switch control circuit (14), wherein the microstrip isopower distribution feed network (12) is in a cross structure, a feed point is arranged in a cross point through a vertical probe (18) to realize isopower distribution feed, the antenna vibrator unit (15) is fixed at one end of each feed microstrip line, and the feed microstrip extension line (16) is connected with the diode switch control circuit (14) and controls the connection and disconnection between the feed microstrip extension line and a floor at the back of a medium plate (10) to realize wide beam scanning in four different directions. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low processing cost and easily realized beam scanning function and can be applied to a mobile terminal in a wireless communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beam scanning array antenna which can be applied to a mobile terminal of a wireless communication system.
Background
With the recent research on the heat of a fire in smart antennas at home and abroad, most of the research is conducted on smart antennas for base stations. Because the intelligent antenna used by the base station is installed on the base station of mobile communication, the limitation of the volume is smaller, so that some mechanical parameters of the antenna, such as the number of array elements, the arrangement of the array shapes, the spacing of the array elements, the size of the array elements and the like, can be designed in a looser range, and the antenna can easily reach the expected performance index. The design of the intelligent antenna for the mobile terminal is relatively very difficult, for example, the volume of some mobile terminals is limited due to portability, a plurality of mechanical parameters of the antenna are also limited, the number of array elements cannot be too many, the spacing between the array elements cannot be too large, and the array shape is also limited to a certain extent, so that the performances of the antenna, such as gain, pointing and the like, are limited at the same time.
In the research on intelligent antennas for mobile terminals at home and abroad, the ESPAR (electrically excited single-port antenna) researched by the ATR research institute of Japan is more prominent. The antenna is an antenna for controlling the main lobe direction of a directional diagram through reactance loading, is called an electric control passive array antenna, mainly comprises a feed radiation oscillator and parasitic oscillators surrounding the feed radiation oscillator, namely a 7-unit lambda/4 monopole hexagonal array, is uniformly distributed on a circumference which takes a central oscillator as a circle center and has a radius of lambda/4 and is fixed on a metal floor with a limited size, and forms a beam aiming at a target and a zero point aiming at interference by changing the reactance value loaded at the tail end of the parasitic oscillator, including the main lobe direction of the radiation directional diagram of the capacitance and inductance control antenna, so as to realize beam scanning. See "Seven-Element group Skirt monomer ESPAR Antenna Design From a Genetic Algorithm and the finish Element Method," IEEE trans. antennas Propag, vol.51, No.4, pp.3033-3038, November 2003. The antenna is relatively complex in actual processing, and the loading reactance value of each element changes along with the change of frequency, so that the performance and beam scanning of the antenna can be influenced under the condition that some unknown conditions such as the jump of reactance characteristics and the like are particularly at the high end of the frequency; in addition, due to the presence of parasitic elements, the centrally located active elements are impedance mismatched and it is difficult to obtain matching simply by adjusting the antenna structure or size.
The application numbers are: 200580016384.5 discloses the use of a common reflector in the antenna assembly to control the feeding of surrounding monopoles by switches to achieve the multi-beam scanning function, however, this imposes requirements on the structure and size of the common reflector and increases the difficulty and cost of antenna manufacture. If the application number is as follows: 01801254.X discloses a mode in which a folded radiating element and a parasitic element are loaded with a reactance element, and although good impedance matching can be achieved by using the folded radiating element, the parasitic element still needs to be loaded with the reactance element, which still causes certain difficulty in practical processing of the antenna, and the instability of the reactance element at higher frequencies affects the performance of the antenna and the switching of beams.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and providing a passive beam scanning array antenna assembly without loading a reactance element and a common reflector, so as to simplify the antenna structure, reduce the manufacturing cost, and enhance the controllability and stability of beam switching without affecting the performance of the antenna.
The design idea of the invention is as follows: the constant-power distribution feed network in a micro-strip form is used as a basic framework, oscillator units with different working state combinations, equivalent inductance loading and a diode switch control circuit are combined together, and the beam switching of the antenna is realized by utilizing the switching characteristics of a diode. The whole wave beam scanning array antenna comprises: the device comprises a vibrator unit and a dielectric slab, wherein one surface of the dielectric slab is provided with a micro-strip feed network, and the other surface of the dielectric slab is used as a floor; one end of each feed microstrip line is fixed with a vibrator unit; the extension line of each feed microstrip line is connected with a control circuit for controlling the on and off between the extension line of the feed microstrip line and the floor.
The characteristic impedance of each microstrip feeder line of the microstrip feed network is 70.7 ohms; the length Fl of each microstrip feeder line in the microstrip feed network is a quarter wavelength, and the ratio of the length Fl of each microstrip feeder line to the length Ll of the microstrip feed extension line is 8: 1, so that the symmetry of the antenna structure is ensured;
the antenna element unit is a metal cylindrical monopole with the height of one-quarter wavelength and is vertically connected with the dielectric plate; the control circuit consists of a switch diode, a choke inductor and a blocking capacitor, wherein the anode of the switch diode is connected with the microstrip feed extension line through the blocking capacitor and is also connected with the choke inductor, the cathode of the switch diode is connected with the floor on the back of the dielectric plate, when the diode is switched on, the feed microstrip extension line is communicated with the floor on the back of the dielectric plate, and when the diode is switched off, the feed microstrip extension line is disconnected with the floor on the back of the dielectric plate;
the microstrip feed extension line is connected with the floor on the back of the dielectric plate, and is used as a loading inductor, which is equivalent to the length extension of the vibrator, so that the vibrator becomes a reverser; the oscillator units are fixed on the crossed microstrip feeder line, every two adjacent oscillator units are taken as a group and respectively used as a main radiator and a parasitic body of the antenna, and different working states of the oscillator units are changed by controlling the on-off of a diode switch, so that wide beam scanning in four different directions is realized;
compared with the prior passive beam scanning antenna, the passive beam scanning antenna has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the micro-strip equipower distribution network with the cross structure, can directly feed electricity to each oscillator unit fixed at the tail end of each micro-strip feeder line, does not need a central excitation oscillator unit in the antenna structure, does not need a common reflector structure, simplifies the antenna structure and reduces the processing cost.
Because the invention utilizes the characteristic of the switch diode, the working state of each oscillator unit in the antenna structure can be actively controlled to be a radiation oscillator or a reflection oscillator, and the antenna beam scanning is easier to realize.
Because the feeding microstrip extension line is used as the equivalent inductance for loading, the parasitic oscillator unit does not need to be loaded by a reactance element, and the antenna beam scanning function is more stable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a specific effect diagram of the switching diode control circuit in the invention.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a switching diode control circuit according to the invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the equivalent extension of the length of the antenna element unit (15) in fig. 1 when the switching diode (143) in fig. 4 is turned on.
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the effect of beam coverage and scanning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a simulation graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of antenna gain simulation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph of simulation results of antenna horizontal plane radiation patterns according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the invention is an array antenna which has an operating frequency band of 2.4GHz of a wireless communication system and can realize 90-degree beam scanning.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the invention mainly comprises a microstrip equal power distribution feed part, an antenna element unit, an equivalent inductance loading part and a diode switch control circuit part. Wherein,
the feed part comprises a one-to-two power distribution feed network 12 in the form of a microstrip line, a bonding pad 13, a dielectric plate 10, an SMA joint 11 and a vertical probe 18, wherein the equal power distribution feed network is etched on the upper surface of a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 dielectric plate 10 with the radius of Gr and the thickness of sh by adopting a cross structure, a feed point is positioned at a cross intersection through the vertical probe 18, the back surface of the dielectric plate 10 is used as a floor of an antenna system, the characteristic impedance of each microstrip feeder is 70.7 ohms, the length Fl of each microstrip feeder is a quarter wavelength, the bonding pad 13 is led out from the tail end of each microstrip feeder, and the lower end of the vertical probe 18 penetrates through the dielectric plate 10 and is connected to the SMA joint.
The antenna oscillator unit 15 is of a metal cylindrical rod structure made of copper materials, the metal cylindrical rod is perpendicular to the dielectric plate 10 and connected with the bonding pad 13, the bonding pad 13 is located at the tail end of each quarter-wavelength microstrip feeder, the diameter of the metal cylindrical rod is Md, the height Mh of the metal cylindrical rod is a quarter wavelength, resonance of the antenna at the working frequency band of 2.4GHz is guaranteed, and the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is maintained at a lower level which is less than or equal to 2.0: 1.
And in the inductance loading part, the tail end of each microstrip feeder line leads out a microstrip feed extension line 16 through a bonding pad 13 to serve as an equivalent loading inductance, the length ratio of the extension line 16 to each microstrip feeder line is 8: 1, fig. 6 shows that when a switch diode 143 is conducted, the microstrip feed extension line 16 is communicated with the floor on the back of the dielectric plate 10 through a short circuit line 146, and the microstrip feed extension line 16 serves as an equivalent loading inductance 17, namely, the length of the oscillator unit 15 is equivalently extended, so that the oscillator becomes a reflection oscillator 19 and plays a role of a reverser.
The diode switch control circuit part, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, is composed of a blocking capacitor 141, a choke inductor 142, and a switching diode 143, wherein the positive pole of the switching diode 143 is connected to the microstrip feed extension line 16 via the blocking capacitor 141 and is also connected to the choke inductor 142, and the negative pole of the switching diode is connected to the floor on the back side of the dielectric board 10. External input voltage VDCIs introduced through the lead 145 when the voltage V is input from the outsideDCThe conduction voltage U of the diode is more than or equal toD(on)When the switch diode 143 is in a conducting state, the feed microstrip extension line 16 is communicated with the floor on the back of the dielectric plate 10 through the short-circuit line 146; when the external input voltage VDCLess than diode conduction voltage UD(on)At this time, the switching diode 143 is turned off, and the feeding microstrip extension line 16 is disconnected from the floor on the back side of the dielectric plate 10. In the embodiment of the present invention, the switching diode 143 is selected from Avago HMPP/HSMP-389x/4820, and the dc blocking capacitor 141 and the choke inductor 142 are selected from 0805 patch capacitor with C of 68pF and 0805 patch inductor with L of 100nH, but are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 7, an operation of beam scanning control using the present invention is explained as follows,
when the adjacent vibrator units 15-1 and 15-2 are radiation vibrators and the adjacent vibrator units 15-3 and 15-4 are reflection vibrators, a 90-degree wide beam 201 is formed; when the adjacent vibrator units 15-2 and 15-3 are radiation vibrators and the adjacent vibrator units 15-4 and 15-1 are reflection vibrators, a 90-degree wide beam 202 is formed; when the adjacent vibrator units 15-3 and 15-4 are radiation vibrators and the adjacent vibrator units 15-1 and 15-2 are reflection vibrators, a 90-degree wide beam 203 is formed; when the adjacent vibrator unit 15-4 and the vibrator unit 15-1 are radiation vibrators and the adjacent vibrator unit 15-2 and the vibrator unit 15-3 are reflection vibrators, a 90-degree wide beam 204 is formed, so that one-time complete scanning of the 90-degree wide beam is completed, wide beam scanning in four different directions is realized, and the starting direction of the scanning beam is determined by the working states of the vibrator units at different positions under control.
The effect of the invention is illustrated by the following simulation results:
simulation environment: the antenna of the present invention was modeled and simulated calculated using commercial software HFSS.
Simulation content: when the adjacent oscillator unit 15-1 and the adjacent oscillator unit 15-2 are arranged as radiation oscillators and the adjacent oscillator unit 15-3 and the adjacent oscillator unit 15-4 are reflection oscillators, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna of the invention in a wireless communication system from 2.3GHz to 2.55GHz, the gain level of the maximum radiation direction of a horizontal plane directional diagram and the beam width and the direction of the horizontal plane directional diagram are observed.
And (3) simulation results: as shown in FIG. 8, in the frequency band from 2.3GHz to 2.55GHz, which includes 2.4GHz of the wireless communication system, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna of the invention is less than or equal to 2.0: 1, and the antenna resonates at 2.4GHz, which shows that the radiation performance of the antenna in the frequency band is stable. As shown in fig. 9, the maximum radiation directional gain of the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna of the present invention is 5.5dBi in the frequency range of 2.3GHz to 2.55 GHz. As shown in fig. 10, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna horizontal plane pattern of the present invention is 45 ° and the half-power beam width is 90 °.
The above is only a specific example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and obviously, various modifications may be made under the spirit of the present invention, but these are all included in the protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A beam scanning array antenna comprises a vibrator unit and a dielectric slab, wherein one surface of the dielectric slab is provided with a micro-strip feed network, and the other surface of the dielectric slab is used as a floor, and the beam scanning array antenna is characterized in that the micro-strip feed network (12) adopts a cross structure, and a feed point is positioned at a cross point through a vertical probe (18) to realize equal-power distribution feed; one end of each feed microstrip line is fixed with a vibrator unit (15); the extension line (16) of each feed microstrip line is connected with a control circuit (14) for controlling the connection and disconnection between the feed microstrip extension line and the floor (11).
2. The beam-scanning array antenna of claim 1, wherein each microstrip feed line of the microstrip feed network has a characteristic impedance of 70.7 ohms.
3. The beam scanning array antenna of claim 1, wherein the length Fl of each microstrip feed line in the microstrip feed network is a quarter wavelength, and the ratio of the length Fl of the microstrip feed extension line is 8: 1, so as to ensure the symmetry of the antenna structure.
4. A beam scanning array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the antenna element elements (15) are metal cylindrical rods with a height of a quarter wavelength, perpendicularly connected to the dielectric plate (10).
5. The beam scanning array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit (14) is composed of a switching diode (143), a choke inductance (142), and a blocking capacitance (141), an anode of the switching diode is connected to the microstrip feed extension line (16) through the blocking capacitance (141) and to the choke inductance (142), a cathode of the switching diode is connected to the ground on the back surface of the dielectric plate (10), the feeding microstrip extension line is connected to the ground on the back surface of the dielectric plate when the diode is turned on, and the feeding microstrip extension line is disconnected from the ground on the back surface of the dielectric plate when the diode is turned off.
6. The beam scanning array antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip feed extension is connected to the dielectric slab back floor, and the microstrip feed extension (16) acts as a loading inductor equivalent to an extension of the length of the element, making the element an inverter.
7. The beam scanning array antenna of claim 1, wherein the dipole units fixed on the crisscross microstrip feed line are used as a group of every two adjacent dipole units, which are respectively used as a main radiator and a parasitic body of the antenna, and the working states of the dipole units are changed by controlling the on and off of the diode switches, so as to realize wide beam scanning in four different directions.
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| CN2010102900374A CN102013559A (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Beam scanning array antenna |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102496787A (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2012-06-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Broadband direction diagram reconfiguration antenna system of integrated frequency domain filtering |
| CN103022697A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2013-04-03 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | Intelligent antenna device capable of changing over beam and related wireless communication circuit |
| CN103094716A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-08 | 复旦大学 | Small-size antenna array with radiating beam parallel to ground face |
| CN105470641A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-06 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | PCB Beam-Forming Antenna |
| WO2017031741A1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, antenna control method, antenna control apparatus and antenna system |
| WO2017071583A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-04 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Calibration circuit boards and related integrated antenna systems having enhanced inter-band isolation |
| CN109167185A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | The changeable antenna of wave beam |
| CN109411876A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of antenna and communication equipment |
| CN109644456A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-16 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Beam scanning range determining method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| WO2021114017A1 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Antenna unit and base station |
| CN113161744A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Array antenna based on dual-beam conversion |
| CN113224507A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Multi-beam antenna |
| CN112821074B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2023-04-28 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Active short wave broadband double whip antenna |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103022697A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2013-04-03 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | Intelligent antenna device capable of changing over beam and related wireless communication circuit |
| CN103022697B (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2015-01-28 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | Intelligent antenna device capable of changing over beam and related wireless communication circuit |
| CN102496787B (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2014-02-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Broadband direction diagram reconfiguration antenna system of integrated frequency domain filtering |
| CN102496787A (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2012-06-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Broadband direction diagram reconfiguration antenna system of integrated frequency domain filtering |
| CN103094716A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-08 | 复旦大学 | Small-size antenna array with radiating beam parallel to ground face |
| CN103094716B (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-06-17 | 复旦大学 | Small-size antenna array with radiating beam parallel to ground face |
| CN105470641A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-06 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | PCB Beam-Forming Antenna |
| WO2017031741A1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, antenna control method, antenna control apparatus and antenna system |
| US10734728B2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2020-08-04 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna, antenna control method, antenna control apparatus, and antenna system |
| US10439281B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2019-10-08 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Calibrated circuit boards and related integrated antenna systems having enhanced inter-band isolation |
| WO2017071583A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-04 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Calibration circuit boards and related integrated antenna systems having enhanced inter-band isolation |
| CN109411876A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of antenna and communication equipment |
| CN109167185A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | The changeable antenna of wave beam |
| CN109644456A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-16 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Beam scanning range determining method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN109644456B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2023-10-10 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Beam scanning range determining method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| WO2021114017A1 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Antenna unit and base station |
| CN113224507A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Multi-beam antenna |
| US11909123B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2024-02-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Multibeam antenna |
| CN112821074B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2023-04-28 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Active short wave broadband double whip antenna |
| CN113161744A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Array antenna based on dual-beam conversion |
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Application publication date: 20110413 |