CN108461552A - 一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池,由衬底、背电极、光吸收层、缓冲层组成的基板和透明导电窗口层组成,透明导电窗口层为金属复合膜构成的透明导电层,从底往上依次为铝基膜层、钼基膜层;铝基膜层为Al:Nd,Nd的掺杂量0.01wt%‑15wt%;钼基膜层为Mo:NbOy,Nb的掺杂量为0.01wt%‑15wt%;透明导电层厚10‑100nm。本发明金属复合膜透明导电窗口层在波长为300nm‑1200nm的波段,透明导电窗口层的透过率为80%以上,方块电阻小于10Ω/□。比传统的透明导电窗口层AZO薄膜具有更低的方块电阻、制作的膜层厚度比AZO薄很多,进而有效降低薄膜太阳能电池制作成本,同时对中远红外具有较强的反射能力,这可提高薄膜太阳能电池的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于薄膜太阳能电池技术领域,本发明具体涉及一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
在薄膜太阳能电池中,窗口层一般使用AZO,为了使窗口层具有较低的方块电阻,通常需要较厚的AZO 膜层,一般400nm 的AZO膜的方阻在20Ω/□左右,更厚的900nm的AZO膜的方阻在7Ω/□左右,但是较厚的AZO膜层会使其可见光透过率降低,这就需要在这两个方面进行平衡。为了获得较低的方阻和较高的可见光透过率,在镀AZO 膜层前还要先将基板加热到至少200℃。一般薄膜光伏电池的AZO 透明导电膜层的厚度都要大于500nm,有的甚至超过1um。AZO 膜层对中远红外线的反射能力较弱,众所周知,中远红外线是加热效果明显,薄膜电池在阳光的照射下,中远红外线会对薄膜电池的内部进行加热,使电池内部温度上升,这将会影响电池的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有薄太阳能电池AZO透明导电膜层膜层厚、方块电阻较高、对中远红外反射较弱的问题,提供一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池,具有低方块电阻、具有较高的可见光透过率、较薄的膜厚、制作过程不用高温,进而有效降低薄膜太阳能电池制作成本,同时具备较强的反射中远红外线功能的透明导电层来作为太阳能电池装置的透明导电窗口层。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池,包括由衬底、背电极、光吸收层、缓冲层组成的基板,在基板的缓冲层上面设有透明导电窗口层,其特征在于:透明导电窗口层为金属复合膜构成的透明导电层,透明导电层包括两层膜层,从底往上依次为铝基膜层、钼基膜层;
所述铝基膜层为Al:Nd,Nd的掺杂量为0.01wt%-15wt%;
所述钼基膜层为Mo:NbOy,Nb的掺杂量为0.01wt%-15wt%;
透明导电层厚度10-100nm。
进一步优选的技术方案:透明导电层厚度优选10-35nm,其中铝基膜层的厚度优选为5-25nm、钼基膜层厚度优选5-10nm。
在波长为300nm-1200nm 的波段,透明导电窗口层的透过率为80%以上,其方块电阻小于10Ω/ □。
本发明还提供了一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1).按常规方法制作由衬底、背电极、光吸收层、缓冲层组成的基板,基板为待镀窗口层的薄膜电池;
(2).沉积金属复合膜时,基板温度控制在80℃-90℃;
(3).采用直流磁控溅射方法在基板上先后沉积5nm-25nm厚的铝基膜层,再沉积5-10nm厚的钼基膜层。
本发明的技术方案如下:在此先定义,本发明中的原子百分比含量在整个说明书中都用“at%”表示, 重量百分比含量在整个说明书中都用“wt%”表示 ;Al:Nd表示Al中掺杂有Nd,Nd的掺杂量为0.01wt%-15wt%;Mo:Nb表示Mo中掺杂有Nb,Nb的掺杂量为0.01wt%-15wt%。本发明中所提到的所有材料均为现有技术,可商业购得。
本发明的金属复合膜透明导电窗口层与现有AZO相比本发明具有以下优点 :
做到相同透过率、相同方阻情况下,AZO膜层膜厚是本发明的金属复合膜膜厚的40-60倍,本发明的金属复合膜的整体厚度较薄且由多层结构构成,所以本发明的金属复合膜透明导电层具有较小的膜层内应力,将其替代传统的 AZO膜层会提高薄膜电池器件的稳定性。使用AZO导电层作为薄膜太阳能电池的透明导电窗口层, 其AZO导电层的厚度要达到500nm以上,为了获得更低的方块电阻,AZO导电层的厚度甚至达到1000nm。然而,AZO导电层的厚度越厚其可见光透过率就越低,这将使薄膜电池的短路电流降低;如果使用较薄的AZO导电层,则其方块电阻较大,这将使薄膜电池的串联电阻上升。所以使用AZO 导电层时就要在这几方面进行平衡。在制作 AZO 导电层的过程还要对沉积有pn结半导体膜的基板进行高温加热,加热温度要进行严格控制,如果温度过高将会破坏半导体膜的pn结,导致电池性能恶化;如果温度太低沉积的AZO膜的质量就比较差,这也会导致电池性能下降;本发明的金属复合膜由于镀膜时温度不需很高,所以半导体膜的pn结影响不大。再者,因为中远红外线是热线,本发明的金属复合膜透明导电层对中远红外线具有较强反射能力,这可大大降低中远红外线对薄膜电池的内部进行加热。上述说明,与传统AZO导电层相比,使用本发明的金属复合膜透明导电层可以使薄膜太阳能电池装置的性能更优化,使薄膜电池性能更稳定,同时可降低薄膜电池的制造成本。
附图说明:
图1位本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式:
一、如图1所示,本发明提供的一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池,包括由衬底、背电极、光吸收层、缓冲层组成的基板,在基板的缓冲层上面设有透明导电窗口层,其特征在于:透明导电窗口层为金属复合膜构成的透明导电层,透明导电层包括两层膜层,从底往上依次为铝基膜层、钼基膜层;所述铝基膜层为Al:Nd,Nd的掺杂量为0.05wt%;所述钼基膜层为Mo:NbOy,Nb的掺杂量为0.04wt%。
二、本发明还提供了一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1).按常规方法制作由衬底、背电极、光吸收层、缓冲层组成的2.5mm厚的基板,基板清洗干净;
(2).沉积金属复合膜时,基板温度控制在80℃;
(3).采用直流磁控溅射方法在基板上, Al:Nd,Nd的掺杂量为0.05wt%,先沉积12nm厚的铝基膜层;再按Mo:NbOy,Nb的掺杂量为0.04wt%,沉积5nm厚的钼基膜层。最终得到一种金属复合膜构成的透明导电层的薄膜太阳能电池。
之后对该镀膜玻璃进行光学和电学测试。测试结果为方块电阻为5.5Ω/□,在波长为300nm-1200nm波段的膜的平均透过率为77.92%。
以下涉及的实施例及对比例,均是在干净的衬底表面上依次沉积上各膜层。
对比例 1
取一2.5mm厚的钠钙玻璃基板,然后将玻璃基板表面清洗干净并进行干燥,将玻璃表面加热至270℃,采用磁控溅射在玻璃表面沉积1000nm的AZO膜层。之后对该镀膜玻璃进行光学和电学性能测试。测试结果为方块电阻为 6.2Ω/□, 在波长为300nm-1200nm波段的膜的平均透过率为78.0%。
从实施例1与对比例 1进行比较可以看出,在透过率和方阻上,本发明的金属复合膜透明导电层与传统的 AZO 透明导电层相当;但是AZO膜厚是本发明的金属复合膜总厚度的58倍。本发明的金属复合膜透明导电层的膜厚比 AZO 透明导电层的膜厚要薄很多, 且在制作过程可以不用加热。
以上对本发明进行了实例说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的实例之一,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实例范围。凡依本发明申请范围所做的均等变化及改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池,包括由衬底、背电极、光吸收层、缓冲层组成的基板,在基板的缓冲层上面设有透明导电窗口层,其特征在于:透明导电窗口层为金属复合膜构成的透明导电层,透明导电层包括两层膜层,从底往上依次为铝基膜层、钼基膜层;
所述铝基膜层为Al:Nd,Nd的掺杂量为0.01wt%-15wt%;
所述钼基膜层为Mo:NbOy,Nb的掺杂量为0.01wt%-15wt%;
透明导电层厚度10-100nm。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的一种具有金属基透明导电窗口层的薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于:透明导电层厚度优选10-35nm,其中铝基膜层的厚度优选为5-25nm、钼基膜层厚度优选5-10nm。
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CN110444622A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-11-12 | 北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司 | 薄膜太阳能电池窗口层的制备方法 |
CN111509056A (zh) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 上海空间电源研究所 | 可有效利用窗口层内电子空穴对的太阳电池的窗口层结构 |
CN114050188A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-02-15 | 中国建材国际工程集团有限公司 | 一种基于多层膜电极的碲化镉太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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