CN108459559A - Five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time - Google Patents
Five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time Download PDFInfo
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- CN108459559A CN108459559A CN201810412450.XA CN201810412450A CN108459559A CN 108459559 A CN108459559 A CN 108459559A CN 201810412450 A CN201810412450 A CN 201810412450A CN 108459559 A CN108459559 A CN 108459559A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35408—Calculate new position data from actual data to compensate for contour error
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, it is characterized in that:It reads NC codes before processing first, extracts trace information corresponding with program segment;In process, it is based on Servo System of Machine Tools position ring signal processing and analysis, error compensation and homogeneous kinematic transform, obtains the practical cutter spacing point coordinates under workpiece coordinate system;It determines the corresponding program segment of currently practical cutter location, and the theory locus information of corresponding program segment is combined to find out trajectory error vector.After the completion of current state trajectory error calculates, continues next acquisition and calculate cycle.The real-time monitoring of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error may be implemented in the present invention, can be used for the monitoring and evaluation of lathe dynamic machining precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, specifically in lathe five
When axis linkage motion cutting, lathe actual processing track is acquired in real time and is compared to obtain the side of trajectory error with theoretical machining locus
Method.
Background technology
With the raising of design of part complexity and required precision, five-axis linkage machine tools process complex space song by it
Excellent performance when face is widely used in the high-end manufacturing field such as aerospace, precision machinery.For Modern High-Speed high-precision machine
For bed, geometric accuracy control has had reached quite high level, in contrast, shadow of the dynamic error to machine tooling quality
Sound is larger, especially prominent when five-axle linkage processing is complex-curved.Dynamic error can influence the dynamic machining precision of lathe, and with
Error between actual processing track and theoretical machining locus --- the form of trajectory error exists.Pass through the monitoring to trajectory error
Analysis, can provide quantizating index for the monitoring and evaluation of lathe dynamic machining precision.
Paper《A new test part to identify performance of five-axis machine
tool》A kind of S test specimens are described, the dynamic error of lathe when reappearing five-axle linkage processing can be preferably integrated, but are used
This method needs are processed experiment and relevant detection device.Paper《Dynamic accuracy evaluation
for five-axis machine tools using S trajectory deviation based on R-test
measurement》The detection of dynamic error when realizing five-axle linkage based on R-test testers, but this method can only be applied
In lathe low-load state.Patent《Five-coordinate linkage processes dynamic Error Analysis method and its system》In describe a kind of five axis
The analysis method of dynamic error and system are constituted when linkage motion cutting, but this method needs in Machine Tool design Integrated Development in number
Among control system, the lathe shaped is difficult to be applicable in.
In view of the above problems, this patent proposes a kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, the party
The real-time monitoring in process may be implemented in method, is theoretically adapted to most of lathes, and due to outside digital control system
Exploitation has stronger opening.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to lathe trajectory error monitoring when five-axle linkage is processed to cannot achieve real-time monitoring, influence
The problem of processing efficiency and quality, invents a kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, is processed realizing
While trajectory error monitors in real time in the process, there is stronger open and applicability.
The technical scheme is that:
A kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, it is characterised in that trajectory error monitoring is and inserts
Period unrelated acquisition-calculating cyclic process is mended, reads NC codes before processing, stage extraction and sequential storage program segment corresponds to
Theory locus information;In process, it is based on Servo System of Machine Tools position ring signal processing and analysis, error compensation and homogeneous fortune
It is dynamic to learn transformation, obtain the practical cutter spacing point coordinates under workpiece coordinate system;It is opposite with practical cutter location-theory locus section using sequential
The method of position relationship analysis determines the corresponding program segment of currently practical cutter location, with the space of corresponding program segment theory locus
Distance as trajectory error.After the completion of current state trajectory error calculates, continue next acquisition-calculating cycle.The frequency of cycle
Rate depends on the time of hardware end acquisition communication
It is described NC codes understand refer to:The program segment of corresponding track is extracted, this patent is referred to as effective
Program segment.For the program segment using linear interpolation, theory of correspondences track is straightway.It is carried from the currently active program segment
Final on trajectory information is taken, track origin information is extracted from upper effective procedure section, you can obtains the currently active program segment and corresponds to
Theory locus information.For the program segment using curve interpolating, discrete by a fixed step size to theory locus first is small straight
Line segment, it is each it is discrete after straightway be effective procedure section.By effectively program segment held by sequence, that is, lathe in NC codes
Row sequence sorts and stores.
It is described analysis is acquired to Servo System of Machine Tools position ring signal after, analyze in machine tool position controlling unit
Error compensation mechanism, while using in digital control system error compensation tables error compensation data and compensation value calculation method be
Refer to:Raw position data is compensated;Consider rotating shaft eccentric away from error, pendulum away from error when calculating cutter spacing point coordinates simultaneously
Caused turn error is modified homogeneous kinematic transform formula.
The method using sequential and practical cutter location-theory locus section relative position relation analysis determines current real
Cutter location corresponding program segment in border simultaneously calculates trajectory error and refers to:Determine that possible two tracks correspond to section based on sequential;Pass through
Section upright projection is corresponded to two tracks to seek location parameter and refer to point coordinates, according to the codomain of location parameter combination and practical
Cutter location determines theory locus section to theory locus section space length size, and theory locus section herein is effective journey above-mentioned
The correspondence orbit segment of sequence section.It is as follows:
Step 1: document border cutter location is Pact(xact,yact,zact), upper sampled point theory of correspondences orbit segment is Ln, under
One theory locus section is Ln+1;LnStarting point be denoted asTerminal is denoted asLn+1Starting point be denoted asTerminal is denoted asWhereinWithIt is actually same point.It will
PactTo LnPlace straight line upright projection obtains corresponding reference point
IfSimultaneousIt obtains
By PactTo Ln+1Place straight line upright projection obtains corresponding reference point
IfSimultaneousIt obtains
Step 2: PactWith LnAnd Ln+1The difference of relative position relation can cause knAnd kn+1Value be located at different sections.
PactWith LnAnd Ln+1Position relationship can be divided into 6 kinds of situations, corresponding knAnd kn+14 kinds of codomains combination.Remember trajectory error arrow
Amount is
(1)0≤kn≤1&&kn+1When < 0, PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
(2)0≤kn≤1&&0≤kn+1When≤1,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
(3)kn> 1&&0≤kn+1When≤1, PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
(4)kn> 1&&kn+1When < 0,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1, the calculating process of trajectory error is simple and efficient in the present invention, and without obtaining interpolation instruction.
2, the frequency acquisition of practical cutter location acquisition method is not limited by the digital control system position ring period in the present invention, and accidentally
Precision after difference compensation can meet trajectory error monitoring requirements.
3, the trajectory error monitoring method in the present invention is theoretically adapted to most of numerically-controlled machine tools, due in digital control system
Outside exploitation, has stronger opening.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the trajectory error monitoring method flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is extraction procedure section theory of correspondences track schematic diagram.Number when example NC codes are the five axis semifinishing of S test specimens
Control program.
Fig. 3 is practical cutter location acquisition method schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the positions Siemens 840Dsl controlling unit error compensation mechanism schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that nonopiate 45 ° oblique yaw five-axle number control machine tool structure types and kinematic axis define schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the relative position relation schematic diagram of practical cutter location itself and theory locus section in theory locus concave side.
Pact1、Pact2、Pact3For practical cutter location in theory locus concave side three kinds of possible situations,WithRespectively LnAnd Ln+1's
Vertical line.WithRespectively Pact1In LnAnd Ln+1On upright projection point,WithRespectively Pact2In LnWith
Ln+1On upright projection point,WithRespectively Pact3In LnAnd Ln+1On upright projection point.WithRespectively
For Pact1、Pact2And Pact3Trajectory error vector.
Fig. 7 is the relative position relation schematic diagram of practical cutter location itself and theory locus section at the convex side of theory locus.
Pact1、Pact2、Pact3For practical cutter location at the convex side of theory locus three kinds of possible situations,WithRespectively LnAnd Ln+1's
Vertical line.WithRespectively Pact1In LnAnd Ln+1On upright projection point,WithRespectively Pact2In LnWith
Ln+1On upright projection point,WithRespectively Pact3In LnAnd Ln+1On upright projection point.WithRespectively
For Pact1、Pact2And Pact3Trajectory error vector.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1.
A kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, maximum feature be trajectory error monitoring for
The unrelated acquisition of interpolation cycle-calculating cyclic process, the specific steps are:
First, NC codes, stage extraction and the corresponding theory locus information of sequential storage program segment are read before processing;
Secondly, in process, Servo System of Machine Tools position ring signal processing and analysis, error compensation and homogeneous movement are based on
Transformation is learned, the practical cutter spacing point coordinates under workpiece coordinate system is obtained;
Third is determined current real using the method for sequential and practical cutter location-theory locus section relative position relation analysis
The corresponding program segment of border cutter location, the space length with corresponding program segment theory locus is trajectory error;Current state rail
After the completion of mark error calculation, continue next acquisition-calculating cycle, until process finishing.Such as attached drawing 1, this is the rail of the present invention
Mark error method of real-time flow chart reads NC codes and extracts every section of corresponding track letter in effective procedure section before processing
Breath;In process, Servo System of Machine Tools position ring acquire home position signal, processing analysis after carry out error compensation and
Homogeneous kinematic transform obtains the real-time cutter spacing point coordinates under workpiece coordinate system;Based on sequential and practical cutter location-theory locus
Section relative position relation analysis determines theory of correspondences orbit segment, and practical cutter location and the space length of theory locus section are track
Error.Continue to recycle next time after completing primary acquisition-calculating cycle, until monitoring terminates.
Such as attached drawing 2, NC codes when source code is the five axis semifinishing of S test specimens extract effective procedure section rail wherein
Mark information.The knife rail is made of small straightway, is all made of linear interpolation, so need to only extract every section of beginning and end coordinate
.
It is practical cutter location acquisition method schematic diagram such as attached drawing 3.The acquisition of real-time cutter location is broadly divided into three steps:
Step 1: position ring home position signal processing and analysis.For closed-loop digital control system, additional attachment can be passed through
Or adapter draws grating scale signal;For semiclosed loop digital control system, code device signal can be drawn.By counting capture card pair
Home position signal carries out analysis of accounts, and not compensated machine can be calculated in conjunction with pulse equivalency and initial acquisition position coordinates
The original coordinates of kinematic axis under bed coordinate system.
Step 2: analyzing numerically controlled system position controlling unit error compensation mechanism, reading error compensates from digital control system
File according to compensation value calculation method offset value calculation therein and compensates original coordinates.With 840Dsl systems of Siemens
For system, full closed-loop position control link mainly include measurement system error (Error of leadscrew pitch is corresponded to when semiclosed loop) compensation,
Sag error compensation and temperature error compensation, compensation mechanism are as shown in Fig. 4.The wherein benefit of measurement system error and sag error
It is piecewise linear interpolation to repay value calculating method, and it is original measurement value that the former, which inputs,;The original measurement of axis on the basis of the input of the latter
Value, but export as the error compensation value of compensation axis.Temperature error compensation calculating needs lathe temperature monitoring point temperature value and compensation
Axis measured value (compensates) by measurement system error.
Step 3: currently available is the kinematic axis coordinate value under lathe coordinate system, turn error is accounted for it
Homogeneous kinematic transform obtains the cutter spacing point coordinates under workpiece coordinate system.The Machine kinematics transformation for mula of different structure form
The function and effect of difference, turn error also differ.By taking attached nonopiate 45 ° oblique yaw lathes shown in fig. 5 as an example, consideration is provided
The homogeneous kinematic transform formula of turn error.
If L is the design pendulum of B axle away from distance of the knife basic point to rotation axis when that is, B axle rotates;Cutter length is tl;C axis returns
It is (X to turn design coordinate value of the center under lathe coordinate systemc0,Yc0);It is 0 to give tacit consent to B, C axis zero bias, and current zero offset is (X0,
Y0,Z0).Changing coordinates are (X, Y, Z, B, C) under lathe coordinate system, and cutter location coordinate is (x, y, z) under workpiece coordinate system.
Wherein, linear axes translation matrix:
Zero offset translation matrix is:
B axle spin matrix is:
C axis rotation matrixes are:
The presence of turn error can influence TBAnd TC.If B axle pendulum is Δ L away from error, B axle eccentricity error is (PBX,PBY,
0), C eccentric shafts are (P away from errorCX,PCY, 0), then consider the B axle and C axis rotation matrixes T of turn errorBEAnd TCEFor:
Use TBEAnd TCESubstitute TBAnd TC.
As shown in Fig. 6, three kinds of relative position relations that practical cutter location is located at theory locus concave side are described.Attached drawing 7
It is shown, list three kinds of relative position relations that practical cutter location is located at the convex side of theory locus.
Such as P in Fig. 6act1IfIt calculatesWithIt corresponds at this time
Such as P in Fig. 6act2IfIt calculatesWithIt corresponds at this time
Such as P in Fig. 6act3IfIt calculatesWithIt corresponds at this time
Such as P in Fig. 7act1IfIt calculatesWithIt corresponds at this time
Such as P in Fig. 7act2IfIt calculatesWithIt corresponds at this time
Such as P in Fig. 7act3IfIt calculatesWithIt corresponds at this time
So PactWith LnAnd Ln+1Position relationship can be divided into 6 kinds of situations, corresponding knAnd kn+14 kinds of codomains combination.
Remember that trajectory error vector is
(1)0≤kn≤1&&kn+1When < 0, PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
(2)0≤kn≤1&&0≤kn+1When≤1,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
(3)kn> 1&&0≤kn+1When≤1, PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
(4)kn> 1&&kn+1When < 0,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art to be realized using the prior art.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time, it is characterised in that trajectory error monitoring is and interpolation
Period unrelated acquisition-calculating cyclic process reads NC codes, stage extraction and sequential storage program segment before processing first
Corresponding theory locus information;Secondly, it in process, is mended based on Servo System of Machine Tools position ring signal processing and analysis, error
Repay with homogeneous kinematic transform, obtain the practical cutter spacing point coordinates under workpiece coordinate system;Third utilizes sequential and practical cutter spacing
The method of point-theory locus section relative position relation analysis determines the corresponding program segment of currently practical cutter location, with corresponding journey
The space length of sequence section theory locus is trajectory error;After the completion of current state trajectory error calculates, continue next acquisition-
Cycle is calculated, until process finishing.
2. five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The corresponding theory locus information of extraction procedure section refer to:First NC codes are understood, extract the program of corresponding track
Section, forms effective program segment;The side for the program segment using linear interpolation, theory of correspondences track is straightway, from current
Final on trajectory information is extracted in effective procedure section, track origin information is extracted from upper effective procedure section, you can is obtained current
The corresponding theory locus information of effective procedure section;For the program segment using curve interpolating, first to theory locus by certain step
It is long it is discrete be small straightway, it is each it is discrete after straightway be effective procedure section, all effective procedure sections are pressed into NC codes
In sequence, that is, lathe execution sequence sort and store.
3. five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described
Cutter location coordinate acquiring method is in real time:After analysis being acquired to Servo System of Machine Tools position ring signal, analysis machine bed
The error compensation mechanism in controlling unit is set, while utilizing the error compensation data and offset in digital control system error compensation tables
Computational methods compensate raw position data;Consider rotating shaft eccentric away from error, pendulum when calculating cutter spacing point coordinates simultaneously
Away from turn error caused by error, homogeneous kinematic transform formula is modified.
4. five-axle linkage machining tool trajectory error method of real-time according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described
Determine that currently practical cutter location is corresponding with the method for practical cutter location-theory locus section relative position relation analysis using sequential
Program segment and to calculate trajectory error refer to determining that possible two tracks correspond to section based on sequential;By corresponding to section to two tracks
Upright projection seeks location parameter and refers to point coordinates, according to the combination of the codomain of location parameter and practical cutter location to theory locus
Section space length size determines theory locus section, and theory locus section herein is the correspondence orbit segment of effective procedure section, specifically
Steps are as follows:
Step 1: remembering that currently practical cutter location is Pact(xact,yact,zact), upper sampled point theory of correspondences orbit segment is Ln, under
One theory locus section is Ln+1;LnStarting point be denoted asTerminal is denoted asLn+1Starting point be denoted asTerminal is denoted asWhereinWithIt is actually same point.It will
PactTo LnPlace straight line upright projection obtains corresponding reference point
IfSimultaneousIt obtains:
By PactTo Ln+1Place straight line upright projection obtains corresponding reference point
IfSimultaneousIt obtains
Step 2: PactWith LnAnd Ln+1The difference of relative position relation can cause location parameter knAnd kn+1Value be located at it is different
Section.PactWith LnAnd Ln+1Position relationship can be divided into 6 kinds of situations, corresponding knAnd kn+14 kinds of codomains combination;Remember that track is missed
Difference vector is
(1)0≤kn≤1&&kn+1When < 0, PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
(2)0≤kn≤1&&0≤kn+1When≤1,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
(3)kn> 1&&0≤kn+1When≤1, PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
(4)kn> 1&&kn+1When < 0,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln,
IfThen PactTheory locus correspond to section be Ln+1,
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CN109648399A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-04-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Five-axis linkage machine tools dynamic error and quiescent error method for comprehensive detection |
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CN105717864A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-06-29 | 四川大学 | Numerically-controlled machine tool comprehensive error three-stage optimized compensation method on basis of modifying NC program |
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CN105717864A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-06-29 | 四川大学 | Numerically-controlled machine tool comprehensive error three-stage optimized compensation method on basis of modifying NC program |
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CN110076628A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-02 | 湖南工学院 | A method of compensation finishing becomes groove width thread error |
CN110262403A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-09-20 | 朱保松 | A kind of digital control system interpolation instruction generation method based on dynamic accuracy technology |
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CN116141080A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-05-23 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Method for monitoring abrasion state and predicting residual service life of ball screw of numerical control machine tool |
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