CN108456538A - A kind of life refuse processing method - Google Patents
A kind of life refuse processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108456538A CN108456538A CN201810026918.1A CN201810026918A CN108456538A CN 108456538 A CN108456538 A CN 108456538A CN 201810026918 A CN201810026918 A CN 201810026918A CN 108456538 A CN108456538 A CN 108456538A
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- Prior art keywords
- thermal cracking
- processing method
- time
- temperature
- house refuse
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The present invention relates to waste innoxious process for treating fields, more particularly, to a kind of life refuse processing method.It includes the following steps：A, preposition processing, b, drying, c, compression conveying, d, first time thermal cracking, e, second of thermal cracking.The present invention cuts off the route of synthesis again of bioxin and furans, eliminates《Convention of Stockholm about persistence organic pollutant》The four kinds of persistence organic pollutants formed caused by burning or chemically reacting not exclusively in the organic substance of middle proposition and the heat treatment process of chlorine（POPs）Harm to the public, and the end-products gas generated after thermal cracking can make fuel use, efficiently utilize waste resource, maintain the ecological balance, improve the sanitary condition of the vast both urban and rural area in China, Virescence Residential Environment has been built, the state basic policy for walking sustainable development path that the Chinese government always advocates is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste innoxious process for treating fields, more particularly, to a kind of life refuse processing method.
Background technology
With the fast development of China human mortality being continuously increased with town and country, it is wide that domestic rubbish disposal has become puzzlement China
Big town and country local government adheres to walking a great problem of sustainable development path.The prior art for urban and rural domestic refuse there are three types of compared with
Common processing mode, i.e. sanitary landfills, compost and power generation by waste combustion.Currently, China part developed area is just actively developed
Consumer waste incineration.But the secondary pollution that consumer waste incineration is brought can not be ignored with potential hazard.Consumer waste incineration exists
Part can be formed during eliminating pathogen and decomposition of organic matter and poisons organic pollution, wherein most with dioxins materials
It is concerned.It is found by analysis, a large amount of organic chloride (such as igelite, chlorobenzene) is contained in urban and rural domestic refuse
With butter (such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride).
On May 22nd, 2001, the international convention conference that countries in the world government participates in have 91 states in held in Sweden, through ballot
Family（Including China）It agrees with, endorsed《Convention of Stockholm about persistence organic pollutant》.The pact is listed：Rubbish
Burning industry has forms and is discharged into environment four kinds of persistence organic pollutants relatively highly（POPs）, they are more chlorine
Dibenzo Dui bioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo (PCDF), hexachlorobenzene（HCB）And Polychlorinated biphenyls（PCB）.It is above-mentioned this
Four kinds of persistence organic pollutants（POPs）It is all to be not intended to be formed and discharge in being related to the heat treatment process of organic substance and chlorine
Chemicals, be burning or chemical reaction not exclusively caused by.More chlorodiphenyls and Dui bioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo
(PCDF) and Polychlorinated biphenyls（PCB）It is a class formation and the relevant polyhalo aromatic hydrocarbon of chemical property, hexachlorobenzene（HCB）It is one
Kind chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons.The World Health Organization（WHO）In the relevant criterion of statistics dioxin toxicity, 12 kinds of coplanar more chlorine are joined
Benzene（Co-PCBs）The toxicity of the isomers also part as dioxin toxicity, as a result with Zong bioxin（Total
dioxins）Meter.Zong bioxin includes more chlorodiphenyls and Dui bioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo (PCDF) and coplanar
Polychlorinated biphenyls（Co-PCBs）Three parts.
It is signed in China《Convention of Stockholm about persistence organic pollutant》In December, 2000 before, the 5th
Consultative committee's meeting between supergovernment（the Fifth Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee
Meeting）In the global document of agreement reached, the key industry source for being listed in dioxin is burned, conference is reached an agreement
Property common recognition：It takes a long view, castoff burning should be replaced by other manner.
So-called " anaerobic " refers to containing in process and/or device involved by heat scission reaction in background technology and the present invention
Oxygen amount is close to " 0 ".
Simultaneously Dui bioxin and polychlorinated dibenzo (PCDD/PCDF) are all by oxygen to the more chlorodiphenyls of persistence organic pollutant
Atomistic binding ring containing chlorobenzene, if organic matter thermal cracking in the environment of anaerobic, that cuts off bioxin and furans synthesizes way again
Diameter, therefore the concentration of thermal cracking discharge bioxin and furans is extremely low, is a kind of good method substituting castoff burning.Thermal cracking
Technology origin is in biomass through pyrolysis.Urban and rural domestic refuse is largely that fibre waste, fruit/vegetable waste, the flesh of fish are discarded
The biomass such as object, the remaining meal chopped cooked entrails of sheep, wherein also a small amount of waste plastics, scrap rubber, cullet, Metal scraps, dust.Since raw
Major part in rubbish living is biomass, it is possible to which Biomass-pyrolysis is used for the processing of house refuse.Life rubbish
Rubbish is largely biomass and is not exclusively biomass again, so pyrolysis technology to be successfully applied to the place of house refuse
Reason must take into consideration influence of the other materials to thermal cracking processes.Biomass is the substance being most widely present on the earth, it includes institute
There are animal, plant and microorganism and is derived from by these living substances, many organic matters of excretion and metabolism.Biomass hot tearing
Solution（It is also known as pyrolyzed or cracks）, typically refer under oxygen-free environment, biomass be heated up cause molecule decompose generate coke,
The process of condensable liquids and gases product, be biomass energy one kind it is important utilize form.Just because of biomass through pyrolysis
It carries out, house refuse is not burned, so avoiding the generation of bioxin under oxygen-free environment.
Control cracking conditions（Reaction temperature, heating time）It can obtain different thermal cracking products.Biomass through pyrolysis
According to the difference of reaction temperature and heating time, can be divided at a slow speed, routine, fast pyrolysis.Thermal cracking process has several at a slow speed
History in thousand, is a kind of carbonization process for the purpose of generating charcoal, and low temperature and long-term thermal cracking at a slow speed can obtain 30%
Coke output；The conventional thermal cracking of moderate temperature less than 600 DEG C can be made into gas, liquid and the solid production of same ratio
Object；The fast pyrolysis time, the object of fast pyrolysis should be powder level, if be rapidly heated to higher generally less than 5s
Reaction temperature, the yield of gas is up to 80% or more.
Coercibility volatile matter is cooled rapidly into flowable liquid, referred to as bio oil or tar in thermal cracking products.
Biomass coke tar, ingredient is extremely complex, and the ingredient that can be analyzed has more than 200 kinds, main to have more than 20 kinds, is largely benzene
Derivative and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH）, wherein content has 7 kinds more than 5%, be respectively benzene, naphthalene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, styrene,
Phenol and indenes.Tar is in low temperature（<200℃）When condense into liquid, with temperature raising be in gaseous state, can resolve at high temperature
Small molecule permanent gases（It is non-condensing at liquid when cooling down again）.Therefore, in combustible gas the content of tar with the raising of temperature and
It reduces.Tar accounts for the 5%~15% of combustible gas total amount, is difficult to be burned utilization together with combustible gas at low temperature, since tar exists
Liquid is condensed under low temperature, easy and water, carbon granule etc. are combined together, and are blocked gas pipeline, are blocked the valve of thermal cracker
It is difficult to completely burned, and the particles such as carbon black are generated in burning, phase is damaged using equipment such as internal combustion engine, gas turbine etc. to combustion gas
When serious；And the smell generated after tar and its burning is harmful to human body.Biomass coke tar be it is a kind of have harmfulness and
The substance of resource.
In order to obtain most of being fuel gas product from biomass through pyrolysis, there are two Technology Ways, one is to receive
Collect the biomass coke tar that thermal cracking generates and produce imflammable gas with the method for gasification again, another paths are exactly quick high-temp heat
Cracking.
Invention content
Overcoming prior art defect, cut-out bioxin and furans technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of
Route of synthesis again, reduce even prevent hexachlorobenzene（HCB）And Polychlorinated biphenyls（PCB）Murder by poisoning to human body, can be to life rubbish
Rubbish carries out abundant thermal cracking and does not generate persistence organic pollutant (POPs), and is generated in the processing procedure of house refuse
The life refuse processing method of civilian combustible gas.The present invention solve its technical problem the technical solution adopted is that：A kind of life rubbish
Rubbish processing method, it includes the following steps：A, preposition processing, b, drying, c, compression conveying, d, first time thermal cracking, e, second
Secondary thermal cracking.The technical problems to be solved by the invention can also be solved further by following technical solution：Preposition processing
To be crushed to house refuse, a diameter of 10~100mm of house refuse after crushing；Dry is that house refuse is placed in drying
Give drying in stove, drying temperature is 100~200 DEG C；Compression conveying is carries out in compression conveyor, compression conveyor
For screw conveyor；First time thermal cracking is to be carried out in rotary kiln, and temperature is 450~800 DEG C, and the time is 10~30 minutes；
Second of thermal cracking is to be carried out in reaction kettle, and temperature is 850~1300 DEG C, and the time is 2~20 seconds.The present invention sorting refer to
It refers to sorting to reject harmful objects, the crushing such as canister, battery, fluorescent tube, electronic component, the discarded drug in house refuse
House refuse afterwards crushes.A diameter of 10~100mm of house refuse after present invention crushing, the too small easy formation slurry of diameter
Paste is not easy to subsequent conveying, and the house refuse being relatively large in diameter is not easy to heat and is transmitted inside house refuse.Through pulverizer
House refuse after crushing, which enters, gives drying in drying oven, drying temperature is 100~200 DEG C, this is in order to avoid dry temperature
Degree falls the melt temperature scope in most of plastics and house refuse is not intended to begin to crack in drying stage, after drying
House refuse merging screw conveyor in compress the overall process anaerobic so that thermal cracking, cut-out bioxin and furans are again
Route of synthesis carries out first time thermal cracking to house refuse, the house refuse after drying is passed through compression conveyor（Spiral transferring
Send machine）It is delivered to rotary kiln（First time thermal cracker）It is interior, to ensure that the atmosphere between drying oven and rotary kiln mutually not
Interference, and reach subsequent thermal cracking all in anaerobic state.The product that solid household garbage generates in first time thermal cracking
It is combustible gas, gaseous state tar, vapor and a small amount of solid-state breeze, rotary kiln is discharged by the prior art in a small amount of solid-state breeze
（First time thermal cracker）, gaseous state tar and combustible gas then sweep along fine-grained charcoal, ash and vapor to enter together instead
Answer kettle（Second of thermal cracker）Carry out second of thermal cracking.What second of thermal cracking was substantially carried out is gasified to gaseous state tar
With to persistence organic pollutant（POPs）Decomposition.Pulverizer, drying oven, screw conveyor, rotary kiln in the present invention and
Reaction kettle is the prior art.The end-products gas generated after thermal cracking of the present invention, which can extract, makees domestic gas use, extra
Can be used for generating electricity.The present invention due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, cuts off the route of synthesis again of bioxin and furans, eliminates
《Convention of Stockholm about persistence organic pollutant》In the organic substance of middle proposition and the heat treatment process of chlorine due to
The four kinds of persistence organic pollutants formed caused by burning or chemical reaction not exclusively（POPs）Harm to the public, and heat
The end-products gas generated after cracking can make fuel use, efficiently utilize waste resource, maintain the ecological balance, improve
The sanitary condition of the vast both urban and rural area in China, has built Virescence Residential Environment, and walking of realizing that the Chinese government always advocates can
The state basic policy of sustainable development road.The present invention can control Zong bioxin in 0.05ng/Nm through applicant is on probation3Below.
The invention mechanism of the present invention is as follows：Present invention first time thermal cracking is to generate house refuse by combustible gas, gaseous state
The mixed gas and a small amount of solid breeze of tar and vapor composition.
Household waste→Tar+Char+Gas
The gasification reaction that second of thermal cracking was substantially carried out is the decomposition reaction of gaseous state tar and is occurred with vapor, second
The final product of heat scission reaction is flammable biogas（H2、CO、CO2、CH4、CxHy...）.
Tar→CnHMOK+gases(H2+H2O+CO+CO2+CH4+CxHy......)+Soot
Tar+H2O→C+H2+CO+CnHm
The steam pyrolysis of hydro carbons is reacted,
CnHm+H2O→CO+H2
It is also adjoint simultaneously,
Water gas shift reaction：H2O+CO←→H2O+CO2
Gasification reaction：C+H2O←→CO+H2
Methane cracking reacts：CH4→C+H2
Methane vapor reforming：CH4+H2O←→CO+3H2
Methane carbon dioxide reformation：CH4+CO2←→CO+H2
Carbon monoxide disproportion：2CO←→CO2+C
It is considered herein that：The more chlorodiphenyls of persistence organic pollutant and Dui bioxin and polychlorinated dibenzo (PCDD/PCDF)
All it is by oxygen atoms bond ring containing chlorobenzene, if organic matter thermal cracking in the environment of anaerobic shuts off bioxin and furans
Route of synthesis again.If containing persistence organic pollutant in house refuse（POPs）Thermal cracking temperature is at 800 DEG C or less, substantially
It cannot decompose, destroy PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs macromoleculars, main cutting mechanisms are volatilization rather than macromolecular is by hot tearing
Solution.Therefore, it can ensure that the solid product after cracking removes persistence organic pollutant substantially for 800 DEG C（POPs）, it evaporate into gas
The persistence organic pollutant of state product（POPs）It must be in higher temperature（>1000℃）It goes to decompose.
" oxygen " is the important factor in order of PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs synthesis.Solid product is at aerobic (air) after thermal cracking
It is cooled down under atmosphere and during 800 DEG C~400 DEG C, PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs is largely synthesized, it is at this moment total in solid product
Bioxin TEQ concentration (pg-TEQ/g) is original more than 100 times.
Therefore, the whole anaerobic of heat scission reaction is extremely important.The present invention, which uses, compresses house refuse
Method reduces the oxygen content during heat scission reaction and makes oxygen content close to zero, i.e., house refuse is removed through overcompression and carried secretly
Gas then be placed in pyrolysis reaction device in.The present invention uses the rotary kiln conduct of the prior art（First）Heat scission reaction
Device, house refuse travel forward in loose condition (of surface) rolling in rotary kiln, are accounted for back into the house refuse volume in rotary kiln
The 20% of rotary kiln volume, screw conveyor are 50% to the compression ratio of house refuse, and compressed house refuse residual air capacity is
10%, then the residual gas brought into drying oven through screw conveyor compression house refuse only accounts for the 1% of rotary kiln volume.It is several
Dry to use oxygen content for 21% hot air, it is in thermal cracking after at this moment entering thermal cracker after household garbage-compressing 50%
In oxygen content there was only 0.2%.（If dry use oxygen content to be heated for 5% rotary kiln flue gas, at this moment household garbage-compressing
Its oxygen content in thermal cracking only has 0.05% after entering thermal cracker after 50%.）The present invention after thermal cracking twice most
Final product is combustible gas.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：Pulverizer, drying oven, screw conveyor, rotary kiln and reaction kettle in the present embodiment are existing skill
Art.House refuse is crushed using pulverizer, is placed in drying oven after crushing and gives drying, the house refuse after drying is set
Enter to be compressed and be transported in screw conveyor rotary kiln and carry out first time thermal cracking, house refuse after crushing it is a diameter of
100mm, drying temperature are 200 DEG C, and first time thermal cracking temperature is 450 DEG C, and thermal cracking time first time is 20 minutes, second
The temperature of thermal cracking is 850 DEG C, and the time of second of thermal cracking is 20 seconds.It is generated by flammable in first time thermal cracking processes
Gas, gaseous state tar, the mixed gas of vapor composition and a small amount of solid-state breeze, by combustible gas, gaseous state tar and vapor
The mixed gas of composition enters reaction kettle（Second of thermal cracker）Carry out second of thermal cracking.
Embodiment 2：A diameter of 10mm of house refuse after the present embodiment crushing, drying temperature are 100 DEG C, for the first time heat
Cracking temperature is 400 DEG C, and thermal cracking time first time is 30 minutes, and the temperature of second of thermal cracking is 950 DEG C, second of hot tearing
The time of solution is 16 seconds, and other embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3：A diameter of 30mm of house refuse after the present embodiment crushing, drying temperature are 150 DEG C, for the first time heat
Cracking temperature is 700 DEG C, and thermal cracking time first time is 20 minutes, and the temperature of second of thermal cracking is 1100 DEG C, second of heat
The time of cracking is 12 seconds, and other embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4：A diameter of 40mm of house refuse after the present embodiment crushing, drying temperature are 135 DEG C, for the first time heat
Cracking temperature is 650 DEG C, and thermal cracking time first time is 15 minutes, and the temperature of second of thermal cracking is 850 DEG C, second of hot tearing
The time of solution is 20 seconds, and other embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5：A diameter of 50mm of house refuse after the present embodiment crushing, drying temperature are 180 DEG C, for the first time heat
Cracking temperature is 800 DEG C, and thermal cracking time first time is 30 minutes, and the temperature of second of thermal cracking is 1300 DEG C, second of heat
The time of cracking is 2 seconds, and other embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
Above-described embodiment is the further description to made by the present invention, it is not considered that above-described embodiment has been exhausted
The whole embodiments of the present invention.For those skilled in the art, present inventive concept is not being departed from
Under the premise of, several simple deductions can also be made, replaces, exchange, all shall be regarded as belonging to the protection of the claims in the present invention
Range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of life refuse processing method, it is characterised in that：It includes the following steps：A, preposition processing, b, drying, c, compression
Conveying, d, first time thermal cracking, e, second of thermal cracking.
2. a kind of life refuse processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Preposition processing is to house refuse
It is sorted and is crushed, a diameter of 10~100mm of the house refuse after crushing.
3. a kind of life refuse processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Dry is to be placed in house refuse
Give drying in drying oven, drying temperature is 100~200 DEG C.
4. a kind of life refuse processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Compression conveying is in compression conveying
It is carried out in device, compression conveyor is screw conveyor.
5. a kind of life refuse processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First time thermal cracking is to turn round
It is carried out in kiln, temperature is 450~800 DEG C, and the time is 10~30 minutes.
6. a kind of life refuse processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Second of thermal cracking is to react
It is carried out in kettle, temperature is 850~1300 DEG C, and the time is 2~20 seconds.
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| CN201810026918.1A CN108456538A (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2018-01-11 | A kind of life refuse processing method |
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| CN201810026918.1A CN108456538A (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2018-01-11 | A kind of life refuse processing method |
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Family
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6202577B1 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-03-20 | Anatoly Boguslavsky | Method and apparatus for treating refuse |
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-
2018
- 2018-01-11 CN CN201810026918.1A patent/CN108456538A/en active Pending
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| US6202577B1 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-03-20 | Anatoly Boguslavsky | Method and apparatus for treating refuse |
| CN105032891A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-11 | 大连惠川环保科技有限公司 | Pyrolysis energy conversion method for fully recycling of household garbage |
| CN105733619A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 亚鼎沃环保科技有限公司 | Urban household garbage thermal cracking treatment device and method for conducting urban household garbage thermal cracking with same |
| CA3028138A1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | Marquette University | Catalysts for pyrolysis |
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Application publication date: 20180828 |