CN105733619A - Urban household garbage thermal cracking treatment device and method for conducting urban household garbage thermal cracking with same - Google Patents
Urban household garbage thermal cracking treatment device and method for conducting urban household garbage thermal cracking with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105733619A CN105733619A CN201610099920.2A CN201610099920A CN105733619A CN 105733619 A CN105733619 A CN 105733619A CN 201610099920 A CN201610099920 A CN 201610099920A CN 105733619 A CN105733619 A CN 105733619A
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- thermal cracking
- reaction still
- domestic waste
- household garbage
- scission reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/001—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide working-up the condensates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of urban household garbage harmless treatment, in particular to an urban household garbage thermal cracking treatment device and a method for conducting urban household garbage thermal cracking with the same. The urban household garbage thermal cracking treatment device mainly comprises a thermal cracking reaction kettle and a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is internally provided with fuel gas nozzles, kettle heads bear the thermal cracking reaction kettle, the thermal cracking reaction kettle is connected with a motor through a transmission mechanism, and the outer diameter of the thermal cracking reaction kettle is in movable fit connection with the combustion chamber. The method for conducting urban household garbage thermal cracking mainly includes the steps of pretreatment, thermal cracking treatment, separation and recycling utilization and secondary pollutant treatment. The thermal cracking reaction kettle is arranged in the combustion chamber, so that the whole thermal cracking reaction kettle is heated evenly, a high-efficiency thermal conduction state is reached, meanwhile reasonable thermal cracking parameters are selected, full cracking is conducted on urban household garbage, and generation of dioxin is effectively inhibited and completely eradicated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to domestic waste innoxious process for treating field, especially relate to a kind of domestic waste cracking apparatus and the method using this process device to carry out domestic waste thermal cracking.
Background technology
Processing mode three kinds relatively reliable is had at present, i.e. sanitary landfills, burning electricity generation and compost for domestic waste.Sanitary landfills investment is low, but has atmospheric pollution, soil pollution, and has the possibility of surface water pollution and underground water pollution, takes up an area big, addressing difficulty.In some big and medium-sized cities, what adopt is additionally arranging polyethylene diagrams antiseepage at the bottom of the field of landfill yard, adopts the processing mode that overlay film is covered again, and have collection to process a whole set of measure of percolate, landfill gas, preventing and treating soil pollution after garbage truck.But these plastic film materials actually above-mentioned still suffer from the hidden danger such as seepage, polluted underground water occur when following landfill waste, and the construction cost of this landfill yard and running cost are also at a relatively high, allow common small and medium-sized cities inspire awe even from distance.Composting technology investment is moderate, and addressing is easier to but need to avoid resident compact district, has faint odor to affect, and heavy metal pollution is maximum hidden danger.Owing to compost quality is poor, lack application market, operator's pressure is very big.Comparatively speaking, burning electricity generation takes up an area little and addressing easy, can near urban district, rubbish volume reduction decrement is fairly obvious, only has the residue of 10% and needs to process, and in preventing surface water, subsoil water and soil pollution, relatively the above two have superiority.It is generally acknowledged have the organic compound combustion under chlorine and metallic element existence condition all can produce dioxin.Find by analyzing, containing substantial amounts of organic chloride (such as igelite, chlorobenzene etc.) and butter (such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride etc.) in domestic waste, wherein organic content reaches 20%～50%, and this promotes to produce in burning city domestic garbage process substantial amounts of dioxin.Burning city domestic garbage produces dioxin and has two kinds of origin causes of formation: one is that dioxin-like chemical is mixed into rubbish, do not destroy completely in combustion or decompose, continuing existence in solid residue and flue gas；Two is that incinerator produces dioxin in combustion refuse process.Relevant research is thought, when burning away the refuse, the formation mechenism of dioxin is as follows: high-temperature nuclei；Namely High Temperature Gas generates dioxin mutually.It is relevant with suitable predecessor, is the chloro predecessor pyrolysis rearranged result when temperature 500～800 DEG C such as the chlorobenzene in gas phase and chlorophenol.Enter initial stage drying stage in incinerator at rubbish, with the oxygen water generation reaction in air and carbon dioxide after the outer low-boiling-point organic compound volatilization containing hydrocarbon content of moisture removal, make the same hydrogen chloride of partial organic substances (HCl) react, generate predecessor.De novo synthesis；Under low temperature (250～350 DEG C) condition, macromole carbon (carbon residue) generates dioxin with the organic or inorganic chlorine in flying dust substrate.During carbon residue oxidation, having 65%～75% to be changed into carbon monoxide, about 1% is changed into dioxin, and in flying dust, the rate of gasification of carbon is more high, and the growing amount of dioxin is also more big.Oxygen is the fundamental of de novo synthesis reaction.The control of dioxin is adopt " 3T " (turbulence by modern garbage incinerating power plant, temperature, time) technology, the generation temperature of first dioxin is between 360 DEG C-820 DEG C, if keeping burning in-furnace temperature more than 850 degree, and control flue gas and stop in stove more than 2 seconds, dioxin can be made to be decomposed completely, it two is that flue gas passes through half dry type reaction tower system+activated carbon injection+sack cleaner, use activated carbon adsorption dioxin, dust is retained with cloth bag, reduce dioxin carrier, thus unit dioxin is controlled within 0.1 nanogram.Many data show that rubbish itself is containing only the dioxin having trace in recent years, the mass balance of actual garbage burning factory dioxin is tested confirmation, incinerator burning produce dioxin far above rubbish per se with amount, and the isomeric distribution of dioxin is also different, namely dioxin mainly regenerates after waste incineration.The relevant expert of the art thinks no matter how good discharged in burning control is, and dioxin always has, even discharging according to EU criteria 0.1 nanogram (-9 FT-207s of 10), its accumulative effect is all very considerable.Domestic waste major part is made up of biomass such as paper products, rag and various textile, broken skin leather goods, culled wood and woodwork, fruit/vegetable waste, flesh of fish garbage, remaining meal rubbish.Wherein also has a small amount of waste plastics, scrap rubber, cullet, Metal scraps and dust.Biomass refer to the various organisms utilizing big gas and water, soil etc. to be produced by photosynthesis, and namely all lived organic substances that can grow are commonly referred to as biomass.Biomass are the materials being widely present most on the earth, and it includes all animals, plant and microorganism and the many organic matters by the derivation of these living substances, excretion and metabolism.Various biomass all have certain energy.With biomass be carrier, the energy that produced by biomass be biomass energy.Biomass energy is a kind of form of energy that solar energy is stored in biology with chemical energy form, directly or indirectly derives from the photosynthesis of plant.Since the major part in domestic waste is biomass, so Biomass-pyrolysis should be used for the process of domestic waste by the present invention.Domestic waste major part is that biomass are not all again biomass, so the process that pyrolysis technology to be successfully applied to domestic waste must take into the impact on thermal cracking processes of other materials.Biomass through pyrolysis (also known as pyrolysis or cracking), it is common that refer under anaerobic or low-oxygen environment, biomass are heated the process causing molecular breakdown to produce coke, condensable liquids and gases product that heats up, and being that the one of biomass energy is important utilizes form.So-called biomass refer to that all directly or indirectly utilize the organic substance that green plants photosynthesis is formed.Including the plant except Fossil fuel, animal and microorganism and excretion and metabolite etc..Major part in domestic waste is biomass.Carry out under anaerobic or low-oxygen environment just because of biomass through pyrolysis, incineration firing will not occur, so avoiding the generation of dioxin.Control cracking conditions (reaction temperature, heating rate, interpolation auxiliary agent etc.) and different thermal cracking products can be obtained.The biomass pyrolytic technique difference according to reaction temperature and firing rate, can be divided at a slow speed, conventional, quickly or flash pyrolysis.Cracking technology has the history of several thousand at a slow speed, is a kind of to generate the carbonization process for the purpose of Linesless charcoal, and low temperature and long-term cracking at a slow speed can obtain the coke output of 30%；Moderate temperature and the conventional thermal cracking of medium reaction rate (0.1～1 DEG C/s) lower than 600 DEG C can be made into the gas of same ratio, liquid and solid product；Fast pyrolysis is substantially at the heating rate of 10～200 DEG C/s, less than the gas residence time of 5s；Flash pyrolysis is more strict compared to the reaction condition of fast pyrolysis, and gas residence time is typically smaller than 1s, and heating rate requires more than 103 DEG C/s, and with the cooldown rate of 102～103 DEG C/s, product is quickly cooled down.In biomass fast pyrogenation process, biomass material, when anoxia, is rapidly heated to higher reaction temperatures, thus having caused the decomposition of macromole, creates micro-molecular gas and coercibility volatile matter and a small amount of coke produced.Coercibility volatile matter is cooled rapidly into flowable liquid, is referred to as bio oil or tar.Chinese invention patent CN102816575A " device of biomass destructive distillation cracking process and process " its heat scission reaction still is hollow cylindrical structure, axially disposed in this heat scission reaction still have one by the shaft-driven rubbish propulsive mechanism of transmission, heat scission reaction still does not rotate, belong to fixing bed heat scission reaction still, the conduction of heat of this heat scission reaction still is uneven, the helical form of its intermediate transmission or the rubbish propulsive mechanism of stepped umbrella impeller structure are readily formed or and swipe even stall too small with the gap of still wall, excesssive gap forms stagnant area between still wall and rubbish propulsive mechanism, heat must flow through this layer of stagnant area just can be transmitted to normal proal rubbish.This biomass destructive distillation cracking processes device and includes being connected by about 4 reactors being connected, and a flow processing was for up to more than 4 hours.Its 3 heat scission reaction stills are hollow cylindrical structure, and axially disposed in above-mentioned heat scission reaction still have one by the shaft-driven rubbish propulsive mechanism of transmission.Owing to being the cracking gas utilizing early stage to store or liquefied petroleum gas combustion heats last heat scission reaction still, so the early stage of thermal cracking process initializes needs radiator, to ensure that heat scission reaction still slowly deforms after being heated.So bringing two problems, one is that local adds heat fixation bed heat scission reaction still, and it is heated uneven, and deformation is inevitable, steady in a long-term runs it would appear that problem；Two is initialize not go to get rid of the oxygen in heat scission reaction still, certainly will containing dioxin composition in the initial biogas produced.The structure of reactor is described in detail by Chinese invention patent CN101113817A " raw matter cracking conversion treatment device and refining and conversing technology " and the Chinese invention patent CN101845310A " refining and conversing technology of a kind of biomass cracking conversion processing " of its divisional application, the efficient damp and hot still of described biomass conversion processing adopts domestic waste to travel forward with the rotation of heat scission reaction still, external heat source by the heat-source Cycles pipe through heat scission reaction still center with thermal-radiating form to domestic waste heat supply.The efficiency comparison of this mode is low, and the heating rate that result is heat scission reaction temperature in the kettle is also relatively low.Above-mentioned patent is in released state because of its heat scission reaction still and combustor, and processing method is unsatisfactory, therefore causes that the thermal cracking of domestic waste is insufficient.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved be to provide a kind of overcome prior art defect, can long-term stability, Effec-tive Function, domestic waste is carried out domestic waste cracking apparatus that fully crack, that do not produce dioxin and the method using this process device to carry out domestic waste thermal cracking.This invention address that its technical problem the technical scheme is that a kind of domestic waste cracking apparatus, it mainly includes being provided with fuel burner nozzle 4, still head 3 supporting hot cracking reaction still 1 in heat scission reaction still 1, combustor 2, combustor 2, heat scission reaction still 1 connects motor 5 through drive mechanism, the dynamic combustor 2 that is connected of the external diameter of heat scission reaction still 1.The technical problem to be solved also can be solved further by following technical solution: heat scission reaction still 1 connects, through drive mechanism, the external diameter that motor 5 is heat scission reaction still 1 and is fastenedly connected driven gear 6, driven gear 6 engages driving gear 7, and driving gear 7 connects motor 5.The present invention selects high-grade machining accuracy and assembly precision, so that still head 3 supporting hot cracking reaction still 1 position, i.e. still head 3 are in hypoxia even anaerobic state with the dynamic position that is connected of heat scission reaction still 1, thus contributing to domestic waste to be able to abundant cracking.This invention address that a kind of method that its technical problem the technical scheme is that domestic waste thermal cracking, it mainly includes preposition process, thermal cracking processes, separate and recycling, secondary pollution process, and thermal cracking processes as to carry out thermal cracking process in heat scission reaction still.The technical problem to be solved also can be solved further by following technical solution: preposition process is for be pulverized domestic waste, and the granularity of the domestic waste after pulverizing is 10～100mm, it is preferable that 30～50mm, and then preferred 40mm；The temperature that thermal cracking processes is 450～700 DEG C, it is preferable that 600～650 DEG C, and then preferably 620 DEG C, the domestic waste time of staying in heat scission reaction still is 8～20 minutes.Preposition process is for be pulverized domestic waste, and too small granularity is easily formed starchiness, is not easy to follow-up conveying, and granularity little as far as possible is easy to heat in domestic waste internal delivery.The temperature range of the domestic waste cracking apparatus of the present invention 450～700 DEG C, it is preferable that 600～650 DEG C, 8～20 minutes time of staying in a kettle. of rubbish.Whole heat scission reaction just completes in a reactor.Due to the fact that employing technique scheme, heat scission reaction still is arranged in combustor, make whole heat scission reaction still thermally equivalent, domestic waste constantly contacts with the heat scission reaction still being in the condition of high temperature once entering heat scission reaction still, reach a kind of high efficiency conduction of heat state, selected rational thermal cracking parameter simultaneously, give domestic waste and crack fully, effectively contain, stopped the generation of dioxin, maintain environmental health and ecological balance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiments of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is the domestic waste cracking apparatus structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention carry out domestic waste thermal-cracking method schematic flow sheet.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of domestic waste cracking apparatus, it mainly includes being provided with fuel burner nozzle 4, still head 3 supporting hot cracking reaction still 1 in heat scission reaction still 1, combustor 2, the dynamic combustor 2 that is connected of the external diameter of heat scission reaction still 1, the external diameter of heat scission reaction still 1 is fastenedly connected driven gear 6, driven gear 6 engages driving gear 7, and driving gear 7 connects motor 5.
Embodiment 1: with reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment by laggard for the domestic waste size-reduced machine pulverizing transported from garbage stacking yard enter feed bin, then pass through the garbage dewatering still head entrance heat scission reaction still from supporting hot cracking reaction still.Motor connects driven gear through driving gear and then drives heat scission reaction still to rotate.Heat scission reaction still is placed in combustor, the dynamic combustor that is connected of the external diameter of heat scission reaction still, is provided with fuel burner nozzle in combustor.Domestic waste is uniformly heated in heat scission reaction still and is able to sufficient cracking, cracking gas enters chilling, separation, purifier from still head 3, can isolate lightweight bio oil, heavy bio oil and flammable biogas from chilling, separation, purifier.Flammable biogas is for the fuel burner nozzle being installed in combustor, the flue gas produced after burning is outwards delivered to dewaterer as thermal source by pipeline, for the dehydrate of rubbish, used flue gas enter emission-control equipment from dewaterer after qualified discharge.The waste water discharged from chilling, separation, purifier and emission-control equipment and percolate enter wastewater treatment equipment and process.The product of thermal cracking, the residue containing about 50% carbon is drawn from the still head of heat scission reaction still one end.
Embodiment 2: with reference to Fig. 2,
(1) preposition process
The size-reduced machine of rubbish come from garbage stacking yard enters feed bin, then boosted entrance dewaterer.Domestic waste size after its pulverizing is at 10～100mm, it is preferable that 30～50mm；Too small size is easily formed starchiness, is not easy to follow-up conveying, and little as far as possible is dimension for heat in domestic waste internal delivery.
(2) thermal cracking processes
Utilize cracking gas or the liquefied petroleum gas fuel burner nozzle combustion heating heat scission reaction still by being arranged in combustor that early stage stores, whole heat scission reaction still thermally equivalent is made to be in the condition of high temperature, enter, from dewaterer domestic waste out, the heat scission reaction still rotated in a combustion chamber and add thermal cracking fully, reach a kind of high efficiency conduction of heat state.The temperature of heat scission reaction still is controlled at 450～700 DEG C by the present embodiment, it is preferable that 600～650 DEG C, 8～20 minutes time of staying.Whole heat scission reaction completes in a heat scission reaction still.In heat scission reaction still, plastics will not rest on melt stage and remain unchanged, so also solve the temperature of the low temperature presplitting solution reaction kettle in the multisection type reactor of prior art simultaneously and just drop on the problem within the melt temperature scope of major part plastics, because plastic melt viscosity is big in this low temperature presplitting solution reaction kettle, wall easy to stick causes carbon distribution coking.In a heat scission reaction still, once complete the temperature decline that whole cracking reaction it also avoid in the transmission process between still and still of the domestic waste in multisection type reactor, this is because in biomass cracking gasification process, tar is that the adjoint product as gaseous products occurs.Under relatively low temperature conditions, the tar in pyrolysis gas will condense, and is attached on pipeline, equipment inner wall, and interacts with the particulate matter such as the flying dust in pyrolysis gas, carbon, blocks pipeline, have impact on the stable operation of cracking apparatus and safety.The end product cracking gas of cracking and the residue containing a large amount of charcoals ash disengage heat scission reaction still.
(3) separation and recycling
Cracking gas enters chilling, separation, purifier from cracking apparatus, can isolate lightweight bio oil, heavy bio oil and biogas and remaining char ash from chilling, separation, purifier.Lightweight bio oil, heavy bio oil are collected directly from oil storage tank, remaining char ash enters Waste Water Treatment, biogas after reformation dehydration by compressor compresses after be stored in air accumulator, for gas electricity generator and the fuel burner nozzle continuous-stable to combustor heat supply.
Residue containing about 50% carbon from heat scission reaction still have cooling dry method go out three district's air partition devices of charcoal function out after go out charcoal ash and bulky grain the thing such as metal, glass, stone etc. that cannot crack through screening and separating.Charcoal ash can use as the raw material of new type of component, it is also possible to uses as a kind of energy.
(4) secondary pollution processes
The inevitable secondary pollution with waste gas, waste water that processes of domestic waste processes.Waste gas includes effluvium and the flue gas of rubbish, and waste water includes percolate and biogas purifies the waste water produced.The present invention also has the process device being specifically designed for this pollutant, so as to qualified discharge.
Claims (5)
1. a domestic waste cracking apparatus, it mainly includes being provided with in heat scission reaction still (1), combustor (2), combustor (2) fuel burner nozzle (4), still head (3) supporting hot cracking reaction still (1), heat scission reaction still (1) connects motor (5) through drive mechanism, it is characterized in that: the dynamic combustor (2) that is connected of the external diameter of heat scission reaction still (1).
2. a kind of domestic waste cracking apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: heat scission reaction still (1) connects, through drive mechanism, the external diameter that motor (5) is heat scission reaction still (1) and is fastenedly connected driven gear (6), driven gear (6) engagement driving gear (7), driving gear (7) connects motor (5).
3. the method that the process device that a kind uses described in claim 1 or 2 carries out domestic waste thermal cracking, it mainly includes preposition process, thermal cracking processes, separate and recycling, secondary pollution process, and it is characterized in that: thermal cracking processes as to carry out thermal cracking process in heat scission reaction still.
4. the method for a kind of domestic waste thermal cracking according to claim 3, is characterized in that: preposition process is for be pulverized domestic waste, and the granularity of the domestic waste after pulverizing is 10～100mm, it is preferable that 30～50mm.
5. the method for a kind of domestic waste thermal cracking according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the temperature that thermal cracking processes is 450～700 DEG C, it is preferable that 600～650 DEG C, the domestic waste time of staying in heat scission reaction still is 8～20 minutes.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108456538A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-08-28 | 黄邦霖 | A kind of life refuse processing method |
| CN111718729A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-29 | 苏州乔发环保科技股份有限公司 | Gas carbonizing furnace |
| CN113122294A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-16 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | Pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method for reducing discharge of chlorine-containing pollutants generated by pyrolysis of marine plastic wastes |
| RU2793966C1 (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-04-11 | Леонид Давидович Забежинский | Method of processing and disposal of polymer household and industrial waste |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108456538A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-08-28 | 黄邦霖 | A kind of life refuse processing method |
| CN111718729A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-29 | 苏州乔发环保科技股份有限公司 | Gas carbonizing furnace |
| CN113122294A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-16 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | Pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method for reducing discharge of chlorine-containing pollutants generated by pyrolysis of marine plastic wastes |
| RU2793966C1 (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-04-11 | Леонид Давидович Забежинский | Method of processing and disposal of polymer household and industrial waste |
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