CN108454431A - The parameter Estimation of Wireless power transmission system - Google Patents

The parameter Estimation of Wireless power transmission system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108454431A
CN108454431A CN201810148338.XA CN201810148338A CN108454431A CN 108454431 A CN108454431 A CN 108454431A CN 201810148338 A CN201810148338 A CN 201810148338A CN 108454431 A CN108454431 A CN 108454431A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
coil
electric power
phase
vehicle
parameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201810148338.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN108454431B (en
Inventor
穆罕默德·艾尔沙伊尔
陈清麒
约翰·保罗·吉比尤
马克·J·弗尔勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN108454431A publication Critical patent/CN108454431A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108454431B publication Critical patent/CN108454431B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H02J7/025—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

This disclosure relates to the parameter Estimation of Wireless power transmission system.A kind of vehicle is provided with coil and sensor.The coil is suitable for wirelessling receive electric power from external coil with single-phase form.The sensor is suitable for measuring the characteristic of the electric power.The vehicle is additionally provided with controller, and the controller is configured as：It is indicated using the three-phase of the electric power based on the characteristic to estimate the parameter of instruction coil alignment case, and adjusts the electric power received by the coil based on the parameter.

Description

The parameter Estimation of Wireless power transmission system
Technical field
One or more embodiments are related to a kind of Wireless power transmission system for electrified vehicle.
Background technology
Electrified vehicle (including battery electric vehicle (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)) can pass through Wired connection and be connected to external power supply, to carry out conductive charging to Vehicular battery.Such vehicle generally includes charging wire, institute It states charging wire and external power supply is physically connected to Vehicular charging port, in order to charge to Vehicular battery.Optionally, electric Gasification vehicle can be connected wirelessly to external power supply, to carry out induction charging to Vehicular battery.Such wireless charging is referred to as Wireless power transmission.
Invention content
In one embodiment, a kind of vehicle is provided with coil and sensor.The coil is suitable for from external coil with list Phase form wirelesslys receive electric power.The sensor is suitable for measuring the characteristic of the electric power.The vehicle is additionally provided with controller, The controller is configured as：It is indicated come to instruction coil alignment case using the three-phase of the electric power based on the characteristic Parameter is estimated, and adjusts the electric power received by the coil based on the parameter.
In another embodiment, a kind of electrical power transmission system is provided with coil, inverter and controller.The coil is suitable for Electric power is inductively received from external coil.The inverter is connected to the external coil.The controller is configured as：It is based on Using the coil alignment situation of the three-phase expression estimation of the electric power, in the switching frequency and angle of phase displacement that adjust the inverter It is at least one.
In another embodiment, a kind of wireless power transmission (WPT) method is provided.By the coil of coupling from external source Wirelessly receive electric power.Measure the characteristic of the electric power.The three-phase that the electric power is generated based on the characteristic of measurement is indicated.It uses The three-phase is indicated to indicating that the parameter of coil alignment case is estimated.The electric power is adjusted based on the parameter.
In this way, WPT system indicates right in real time come the characteristic of the measurement based on the electric power using the three-phase of the electric power Coil parameter is estimated that the coil parameter for being then based on estimation is adjusted the electric power.This method adjusts in real time The electric power of transmission, with consider during charging coil alignment situation any variation, simultaneously accurately estimate coil parameter and It is not influenced by system dynamic characteristic.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of wireless power transmission (WPT) system according to one or more embodiments, and shows Hybrid vehicle and external power supply.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram for further showing the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the diagram of the hybrid vehicle and external power supply in Fig. 1, and diagram shows power drive system and energy storage part Part.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the circuit model of the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is figure diagram of the output voltage relative to the time of the inverter of the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the figure diagram of the transmission function of the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is that the figure of the input impedance transmission function of outside (ground side) matching network of the WPT system in Fig. 1 shows Figure.
Fig. 9 is the figure diagram at the input impedance phase angle of the external matching network of the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Figure 10 is the flow for showing the method for the WPT system in control figure 1 according to one or more embodiments Figure.
Figure 11 is the figure for the rotating space vector for showing the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Figure 12 is the figure for showing the projection of the space vector of the WPT system in Fig. 1 in different referentials.
Figure 13 is the primary coil of the WPT system in Fig. 1 and the T-network equivalent circuit of secondary coil.
Figure 14 is equivalent circuit of the T-network under orthogonal zero (DQ) referential of direct current in Figure 13.
Figure 15 is the block diagram for showing the control system for realizing the method in Figure 10 according to one embodiment.
Figure 16 is another block diagram for showing the control system for realizing the method in Figure 10 according to another embodiment.
Figure 17 is the operation spy for converting the measurement to DQ referentials and relative to the WPT system in Fig. 1 shown in the time The figure diagram of property.
Figure 18 is the operation spy for converting the measurement to DQ referentials and relative to the WPT system in Fig. 1 shown in the time Another figure diagram of property.
Figure 19 is figure diagram of the estimation parameter relative to the time of the WPT system in Fig. 1.
Specific implementation mode
As needed, specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed；It is to be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments Only example of the invention, can be implemented with a variety of alternative forms.Attached drawing is not necessarily to scale；It can exaggerate or minimize one A little features are to show the details of particular elements.Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein, which should not be construed, is limited System, and utilize the representative basis of the present invention in a variety of forms as just introduction those skilled in the art.
Referring to Fig.1, wireless power transmission (WPT) system, and radio are shown according to one or more embodiments Force transmission system is generally labeled by number 100.WPT system 100 includes Vehicular charging subsystem 102 and external charging System 104, Vehicular charging subsystem 102 and 104 coordination with one another of external charging subsystem are with to the traction in vehicle 108 Battery 106 charges.Vehicular charging subsystem 102 includes controller 110, and the reception of controller 110 is filled with vehicle 108 relative to outside The corresponding charging system characteristic information of instantaneous position of electronic system 104.Controller 110 be based on the information to WPT parameters into Row estimation, and the parameter based on these estimations is adjusted the component of the voltage and current of WPT system, to optimize electric power biography Defeated efficiency.
External charging subsystem 104 includes power supply 112 and ground coil block 114.According to one or more embodiments, Power supply 112 indicates regular alternating current (AC) distribution network or power grid that are provided by utility power company.External circuit 116 is by power supply 112 are connected to the ground upper thread coil assembly 114, and include being provided to for adjusting (for example, rectification, inversion, conversion and storage) The component of the electric power signal of ground coil block 114.External charging subsystem 104 further includes peripheral control unit 118, outside control Device 118 monitors the electric power for being transferred to vehicle 108 and is communicated the electric power with controlling transmission with vehicle control device 110.Ground Coil block 114 includes the plate 120 for being installed to lower surface (for example, garage floor) and being commonly made from aluminium.Ground coil group Part 114 further includes the inductor for having core 122 and coil (primary coil) 124.
Vehicular charging subsystem 102 includes traction battery 106 and vehicle coil block 126.Vehicular charging circuit 128 is by vehicle Coil block 126 is connected to traction battery 106, and includes for being adjusted to the electric power for being provided to traction battery 106 Save the component of (for example, rectification and conversion).Controller 110 monitors the electric power received by vehicle 108, and and peripheral control unit 118 are communicated to control the electric power.Vehicle coil block 126 include be installed on the bottom surface of vehicle 108 and usually Plate 130 made of aluminum.Vehicle coil block 126 further includes the inductor for having core 132 and coil (secondary coil) 134.
Vehicle coil block 126 is aligned with ground coil block 114, to receive electric power.Power supply 112 is to primary coil 124 For induced current, the electric current forms magnetic field (not shown) around primary coil 124.By by vehicle coil block 126 with ground Upper thread coil assembly 114 is aligned and secondary coil 134 is placed in the magnetic field, and secondary coil 134 can be with 124 electricity of primary coil Magnetic coupling.The magnetic field induces electric current in secondary coil 134, to be wirelessly transmitted electric power, to be carried out to traction battery 106 Induction charging.Induction charging does not need the physical contact between coil 124 and coil 134.However, coil 124 and 134 usually must It must be close to each other to carry out efficient induction charging.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, vehicle control device 110 and peripheral control unit 118 communicate with one another, to control WPT system 100 Various aspects.According to one embodiment, controller 110 and 118 for example carrys out nothing using radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR) or sonar communication Communicate to line.
Vehicle control device 110 and peripheral control unit 118 are based on the voltage and current in coil parameter control WPT system 100 Multiple components (for example, frequency, angle of phase displacement and amplitude), to optimize charge efficiency.Coil parameter includes the self-induction of primary coil (LP), the self-induction (L of secondary coilS) and primary coil and secondary coil between magnetic mutual inductance (LM).External plate 120 and core 122 influence primary coil self-induction (LP), the plate 130 and core 132 of vehicle influence secondary coil self-induction (LS).Coil 124 and 134 that Magnetic mutual inductance (L when this alignmentM) higher than coil 124 and 134 each other misalignment when magnetic mutual inductance (LM).Times of coil 124 and 134 What misalignment (even if several centimetres of difference) can lead to magnetic mutual inductance (LM) significant changes.
WPT system 100 is based on voltage and current measured value to coil parameter (LS、LPAnd LM) estimated.External charging System 104 includes for measuring primary voltage (VP) voltage sensor 136 and for measure be supplied to primary coil 124 just Grade electric current (IP) current sensor 138.Similarly, Vehicular charging subsystem 102 includes for measuring secondary voltage (VS) electricity Pressure sensor 140 and for measuring secondary current (IS) current sensor 142.WPT system 100 uses direct current orthogonal zero The change of (direct-quadrature-zero, DQ) referential, which is brought, estimates coil parameter based on voltage and current measured value Meter.The referential of DQ transformation rotation AC waveforms so that AC signals become DC signals.Then, executing inverse transformation to restore practical Three-phase AC results before to these DC amounts execute simplify calculating.DQ, which is converted, is commonly used in three-phase circuit, but WPT system 100 Have modified the method for analyzing the monophasic pulses provided by external charging subsystem 104.
WPT system 100 dynamically estimates coil parameter during charging (that is, in real time).Coil parameter is by 124 He of coil The influence of 134 alignment case, and the alignment case can change during charging.For example, user may do shopping The vehicle of loading 108 is parked in their garage later.Then, after starting induction charging, user may be from vehicle 108 unloading contents, this causes vehicle body and secondary coil 134 to move several centimetres.The mobile of the secondary coil 134 can adjust line Parameter is enclosed (for example, LM).WPT system 100 detects the variation of the coil parameter, and therefore adjusts charge characteristic in real time.
External circuit 116 and vehicle circuit 128 include matching network.The signal that matching network be used to receive Frequency is adjusted to close to switching frequency, to generate magnetic resonance and allow coil 124 and 134 with acceptable volt-ampere horizontal transport A large amount of electric power.
Fig. 3 depicts the vehicle 108 as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).HEV 108 is mixed including being mechanically connected to Close one or more motors 144 of actuating unit 146.Motor 144 can be used as motor or generator operation.In addition, Hybrid transmissions 146 are mechanically connected to engine 148.Hybrid transmissions 146 are also mechanically connected to drive Moving axis 150, drive shaft 150 are mechanically connected to wheel 152.Motor 144 can provide propulsion when engine 148 is turned on and off With the ability of deceleration.Motor 144 is controlled as being used as generator, with by being recycled in friction braking system during regenerative braking In provide fuel economy benefit usually as the energy of heat loss.Compared with conventional vehicles, HEV 108 is by engine 148 most efficiently (for example, under high engine torque and high engine speed) when operation engine 148 and in other conditions Motor 144 is operated to promote vehicle 108, to reduce vehicle discharge.For example, when it is inefficient to operate engine 148, HEV 108 It can be operated with the electric model that engine 148 is closed.In other embodiments, vehicle 108 is the electricity for not including engine The tandem HEV (not shown) of pond electric vehicle (BEV) or the engine including not being mechanically connected to wheel.
Traction battery 106 stores the energy used by motor 144.According to one embodiment, traction battery 106 provides high electricity Straightening stream (DC) exports.Traction battery 106 is electrically connected to one or more electric power electronic modules 154.It is one or more to connect Tentaculum 156 traction battery 106 can be isolated with other components when disconnecting, and can be connected traction battery 106 when being closed To other components.Electric power electronic module 154 is also connected electrically to motor 144, and provides between traction battery 106 and motor 144 The ability of transmitted in both directions energy.For example, according to one embodiment, motor 144 is three-phase alternating current (AC) motor.Electric power electronic module The D/C voltage provided by traction battery 106 is converted to three-phase AC current to operate motor 144 by 154.In the regenerative mode, electric power The three-phase AC current generated by motor 144 is converted to the D/C voltage compatible with traction battery 106 by electronic module 154.
Vehicle 108 is connected electrically in traction battery 106 and electric power electricity including variable voltage converter (VVC) 158, VVC 158 Between submodule 154.According to one embodiment, VVC 158 is for increasing or increasing the voltage provided by traction battery 106 DC/DC boost converters.By increasing voltage, current requirements can be reduced, so that electric power electronic module 154 and motor 144 Wiring size reduce.In addition, motor 144 can operate under higher efficiency and lower loss.
According to one embodiment, traction battery 106 is other than providing the energy for propulsion, also to other Vehicular systems Energy is provided.Vehicle 108 may include DC/DC conversion modules 160, and DC/DC conversion modules 160 are by the height of traction battery 106 Voltage DC outputs are converted to the low voltage DC supply compatible with low-voltage vehicle load.The output electricity of DC/DC conversion modules 160 It is connected to low-voltage boosting battery 162 (for example, 12V batteries), for charging to boosting battery 162.Low-voltage system It may be electrically connected to boosting battery 162.One or more electric loadings 164 can be connected to high voltage bus.Electric loading 164 can have In time control the associated controller (not shown) of electric loading 164.The example of electric loading 164 includes fan, electrical heating elements And/or compressor of air conditioner.
Electrified vehicle 108 recharges traction battery 106 from external power supply 112.External power supply 112 passes through outside Circuit 116 is coupled electrically to ground upper thread coil assembly 114, and is controlled by peripheral control unit 118.Vehicle coil block 126 passes through vehicle Charging circuit 128 is electrically connected to traction battery 106, and Vehicular charging circuit 128 is controlled by vehicle control device 110 with to by outside The electric power that power supply 112 is supplied is adjusted, horizontal to provide suitable voltage and current to traction battery 106.
Vehicle 108 includes one or more wheel drags 170, for making vehicle 108 slow down.Wheel drag 170 can be hydraulic actuation, electric actuation or aforementioned activation manners certain combination.Wheel drag 170 is braking system 172 part.Braking system 172 includes other components for operating wheel drag 170.For the sake of brevity, attached drawing Depict the singular association between one in braking system 172 and wheel drag 170.Imply braking system 172 and its Connection between its wheel drag 170.Braking system 172 includes for monitoring and coordinating the controller of braking system 172 (not It shows).Braking system 172 monitors brake component, and controls wheel drag 170 for vehicle deceleration.Braking system 172 It responds, and can be also independently operated to implement the function of such as stability control to driver-commanded.Braking system 172 Controller applies the brake force of request method when may be implemented in by another controller or subfunction request.
Electronic module and controller in vehicle 108 are by wired or wireless communication via one or more vehicle networks It is communicated.Vehicle network may include multiple channels for communication.One channel of vehicle network can be such as controller The universal serial bus of LAN (CAN).One in the channel of vehicle network may include by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Ethernet that 802 family of standards define.Other channels of vehicle network may include the discrete connection between module, and can wrap Include the electric power signal from boosting battery 162.Different signals can be transmitted by the different channels of vehicle network.For example, Vision signal can be transmitted by IA High Speed Channel (for example, Ethernet), and controlling signal can be carried out by CAN or discrete signal Transmission.Vehicle network may include assisting any hardware component and software portion that signal and data are transmitted between module and controller Part.Vehicle network is not shown in FIG. 3, but can imply vehicle network and may be connected to any electronics being present in vehicle 108 Module or controller.Vehicle 108 further includes vehicle system controller (VSC) 174, to coordinate the operation of each system and component.
With reference to Fig. 4, WPT system 100 includes Vehicular charging subsystem 102 and external charging subsystem 104.External charging System 104 include power supply 102, external circuit 116 and primary coil 124, Vehicular charging subsystem 102 include secondary coil 134, Vehicular charging circuit 128 and traction battery 106.
Peripheral control unit 118 controls external circuit 116 to reach unit input power factor (that is, being transferred to load (vehicle Charge subsystem 102) actual power and external circuit 116 in the ratio of apparent energy be 1).External circuit 116 includes whole Flow device 176 and DC-DC converter 178.Exchange (AC) electricity from power supply 112 is converted to direct current (DC) electricity by rectifier 176. DC-DC converter 178 and energy storage device or capacitor 180 provide power factor emendation function jointly.Energy-storage capacitor 180 it is defeated Go out to be available to the constant voltage of inverter 182.The constant voltage is converted to high-frequency AC voltage by inverter 182.Inverter 182 output voltage is provided to external matching network 184 so that realizes the low volt-ampere stress (volt-amp to component stress).According to one embodiment, external matching network 184 includes reactive components (that is, inductor and capacitor).External The output of distribution network 184 is provided to primary coil 124.
Vehicular charging circuit 128 includes matching network 186 and rectifier circuit 188.Secondary coil 134 and primary coil 124 couplings.The output of secondary coil 134 is provided to vehicle match network 186.External matching network 184 and vehicle match net Network 186 is both used to magnetic resonance, to allow coil 124 and 134 largely electric with acceptable volt-ampere horizontal transport Power.The output of vehicle match network 186 is provided to rectifier circuit 188, and is filtered to for being applied to traction battery The DC electric power of 106 chargings.
Fig. 5 is the circuit model 500 according to the WPT system 100 of one embodiment.According to the embodiment shown, inverter 182 include multiple switch (for example, MOSFET).Input voltage (the V of inverter 182in) it is (shown in Fig. 4) energy-storage capacitor Voltage at 180.For the analysis, VinIt is assumed constant.However, if VinIt is to be measured by testing, then it will be presented Small AC components.The amplitude of the AC components depends on the voltage potential at 180 both ends of value and capacitor of capacitor 180 (that is, Root (RMS) voltage).Matching network 184 and 186 is designed to the embodiment of simplify control device and allows in wide cell voltage Operation in range (for example, 280V to 420V).In one embodiment, external matching network 184 includes the series inductance of 40 μ H Device (L1), the shunt capacitor (C of 91.3nF1) and 18nF series capacitor (Cx)；Vehicle match network 186 includes 13nF's Series capacitor (C2), the series reactor (L of 50 μ H2) and 37.5 μ H parallel inductor (L3)。
Peripheral control unit 118 (Fig. 3) controls inverter 182 using the modulated signal obtained by various methods. According to one or more embodiments, peripheral control unit 118 uses phase shift and control method for frequency (for example, pulse width is modulated (PWM) and pulse frequency modulated (PFM)) adjust inverter output voltage (VS) amplitude and frequency.According to one embodiment, Peripheral control unit 118 is also to inputting DC link capacitors (C1) voltage potential at both ends controlled, to further increase efficiency And ensure to meet bearing power.
Fig. 6 is the inverter output voltage (V for showing to change over timeS) waveform 600.Referring to figure 5 and figure 6, external control Device 118 processed is by adjusting two parameter (switching frequency (fsw) angle of phase displacement (α) between two phase bridges of inverter) control Inverter output voltage (VS).Peripheral control unit 118 is by the inverter output voltage (V of each switching frequency pointS) control to work as α With maximum value and for the minimum of alpha allowed with minimum value when being zero.By carrying out Fourier's change to waveform shown in fig. 6 It changes, according to equation (1), the output voltage (V of inverterS) can be indicated by the summation of sinusoidal waveform：
Wherein, VinIndicate that the input voltage of inverter 182, n indicate that overtone order, α indicate angle of phase displacement, ωswIndicate switch Angular frequency, wherein ωsw=2 π fsw, and t indicates the time.
Fig. 5 shows the circuit model 500 of WPT system 100, wherein matching network 184 and 186 and 124 He of coil 134 are modeled as lc circuit (can be collectively referred to as " resonant slots ").The input voltage and output voltage of resonant slots are modeled as pure sinusoid Waveform, to simplify WPT system 100.By ignoring the harmonic wave of switching frequency, analyzed using sinusoidal AC to describe WPT system 100 Operation.The closed solutions of transmission gain and component stress can be determined by using first order network model.This method is to be rung with high Q Operation under the continuous conduction mode answered provides accurate result.When resonant slots have low Q factor or in discontinuous conducting mould The shortcomings that formula or when being operated near discontinuous conduction mode, such modeling method, is identified.
By inverter output voltage (VS) influence of the higher harmonics to system performance that generates be negligible.By neglecting Slightly higher harmonics, equation (1) can be reduced to single order inverter output voltage, and (it can be referred to the base of inverter output voltage This component (VS1)), such as shown in following equation (2)：
Such as by shown in equation (2), angle of phase displacement (α) is by inverter output voltage (VS) amplitude control in 0 and 4Vin/ π it Between.When angle of phase displacement (α) is 180 °, there is minimum inverter output voltage (0), this is because 180 ° of cosine be negative one (- 1).When angle of phase displacement (α) is 0 °, there is maximum output voltage (4Vin/ π), this is because 0 ° of cosine is one (1).In fact, α Maximum value be limited in the value less than 180 °.In general, this value is near 120 °.Such constraint ensures inverter 182 Switch can be achieved zero voltage switching, and system keep high efficiency.Matching network 184 is designed to be directed to each operating conditions Ensure angle of phase displacement (α) and switching frequency (fsw) value in the range of them.
Sinusoidal Ripple approximation method (not shown) can be used to obtain the simplified model of WPT system 100.Sinusoidal Ripple is approximate Method is for assessing the modeling technique of resonance converter by only considering the fundametal component of voltage and current.In addition, in Fig. 5 Matching network 184 and 186 and coil 124 and 134 may be collectively referred to herein as " resonant slots " or " slot network ".It is defined by equation (2) Voltage source (that is, fundametal component (VS1)) it is connected to the input (that is, external matching network 184) of slot network, the output of slot network (that is, vehicle match network 186) has loaded effective resistance (Re).Due to the rectification with capacitance network (that is, matching network 186) Device 188 is used for the output voltage (V to resonant networkR) carrying out rectification, it will be assumed that the value of the load resistance of reflection is about negative Carry the 81% of resistance (impedance that rectifier is loaded).Assuming that filter capacitor (C2) sufficiently large (for example, being more than 10 μ F) and humorous Shake the voltage (V that sees at the output of slotR) there is square-wave form, equation (3) be used to calculate payload resistance (Re) and load Resistance (RL) between relationship：
The simplified model of WPT system 100 can be obtained based on these hypothesis.Inverter output voltage waveform is basic by it Component (VS1) carry out approximate evaluation, the load resistance (R that the rectifier 188 with capacitance network 186 passes through reflectione) approximate estimate Meter.The simplified model (not shown) will be similar to that the equivalent-circuit model 500 of Fig. 5, but inverter 182 will be by VS1It substitutes, it is whole Flowing device 188 will be by ReIt substitutes.And such model can be used for understanding WPT system 100 under frequency and angle of phase displacement control Dynamic characteristic.
According to one embodiment, WPT system 100 is directly connected to traction battery 106.Therefore, the output voltage of WPT system (VR) determined by the voltage of battery 106, the voltage of battery 106 depends on battery charge state (SOC).Implemented according to one Example, WPT system 100 can be right in different voltage ranges (for example, 280V to 420V) and under the maximum power of 3.3kW Various battery packs charge.
Using the simplified model (not shown) of WPT system 100, pass through resistor ReThe power of consumption is bearing power.Source Voltage (VS1) indicate inverter output voltage.Resistor ReThe voltage at both ends is determined by the output voltage of battery, and is used Full-bridge rectifier 188 with capacitance network 186.Therefore, voltage VR1Equation (4) and WPT output voltages (battery electricity can be passed through Pressure) (VR) related, sine approximation method can be used that equation (4) is further simplified as equation (5)：
Wherein, VRIndicate that output voltage, n indicate overtone order, FsIndicate the switching frequency of rectifier,Indicate voltage with Phase angle between electric current, t indicate the time.
With reference to Fig. 7, by using sinusoidal approximation method, the harmonic component caused by switch element is ignored.WPT resonant slots The transfer function H (s) of input is output to come approximate evaluation by it.Digital method export WPT system 100 can be utilized now Model.Fig. 7 is the curve graph 700 for the transmission function (H) for showing WPT resonant slots, and curve graph 700 is directed to switching frequency (fsw) on Five different coefficients of coup (K) and be drawn.The coefficient of coup (K) passes through following equation and the magnetic mutual inductance with reference to Fig. 2 descriptions (LM) related：K=LM/sqrt(LP*LS).Transmission function (H) with lower curve by being indicated：First coefficient of coup (K1) is shown Transmission function (HK1) curve 702, the transmission function (H of second coefficient of coup (K2) is shownK2) curve 704, third is shown Transmission function (the H of the coefficient of coup (K3)K3) curve 706, the transmission function (H of the 4th coefficient of coup (K4) is shownK4) curve 708 and the transmission function (H of the 5th coefficient of coup (K5) is shownK5) curve 710.K1 is the minimum coefficient of coup, and K5 is maximum coupling Collaboration number.Coil 124 and 134 it is aligned with each other when the coefficient of coup (K) be higher than their misalignments when the coefficient of coup (K).It can recognize Know, when the coefficient of coup (K) changes to its maximum value (curve 710) from its minimum value (curve 702), is output to the biography of input Delivery function (H) significantly changes.Peripheral control unit 118 can control input voltage VSFrequency and amplitude, with for different couplings The situation of collaboration number adjusts WPT output voltages.In one embodiment, peripheral control unit 118 is in response to coming from controller 110 Order and control VS.However, the embodiment of controller 110 and 118 may not be simple.For example, it is assumed that switching frequency (fsw) it is for the unique parameters by the gain-adjusted of resonant slots for 1 (unit gain).However, be directed to each curve, exist as Two Frequency points of unit gain are generated shown in label 712 and 714.Therefore, controller 110 and 118 must determine use Which Frequency point.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is the curve graph of the input impedance for the external matching network 184 for showing WPT system 100.Fig. 8 is input Impedance magnitude transmission function (Zin_abs) curve graph 800, Fig. 9 is input impedance phase angle (Zin_angle) curve graph 900.
Input impedance amplitude transmission function (Z is drawn for the different coefficients of coupin_abs) and phase angle (Zin_angle).It is defeated Enter impedance magnitude transmission function (Zin_abs) indicated by curve 802,804,806,808 and 810；Wherein, each curve indicates different The coefficient of coup Zin_abs.Input impedance phase angle (Zin_angle) indicated by curve 902,904,906,908 and 910；Wherein, Each curve indicates the Z of the different coefficients of coupin_angle。
As shown in the plot 800, the amplitude of impedance significantly changes with the variation of the coefficient of coup.Inverter current with It the variation of the input impedance of external matching network 184 (Fig. 5) and changes.In addition, input impedance phase angle is for some frequencies Range is induction reactance, is capacitive for other frequency ranges.If it is desire to realizing the Sofe Switch of inverter MOSFET, then It will it is expected to load inductive reactance to inverter MOSFET.Since the input impedance of resonant network is that Inverter output terminal is loaded Impedance, therefore, Frequency point be chosen so as to input impedance be induction reactance in the case of operated.
In other words, it is desirable to be positive switching frequency (f at input impedance phase anglesw) operated.However, passing through Fig. 9 In curve graph 900, it can be appreciated that, for some coefficient of coup situations, input impedance phase angle is just, for other couplings Coefficient situation, input impedance phase angle are negative.Therefore, controller 110 estimates the coefficient of coup in real time, to prevent to inverter MOSFET carries out hard switching and prevents that system may be damaged.In addition, the parameter by knowing coil during operation, control Device 110 processed determines the range of switching frequency and angle of phase displacement.
Controller 110 and 118 estimates the parameter of coil 124 and 134 during power transmission, steady to ensure Operation.Parameter changes for different misalignment situations, this causes control object (plant) (that is, transmission function) to change, from And make it difficult to the optimal point of operation of estimation frequency and angle of phase displacement.In addition, be used to design the control of the control object of controller Also change to output with the variation of coil parameter.Therefore, the transmission function based on the control object becomes to create controller Difficulty, and can not possibly be according to the specification of all misalignment situations come the dynamic characteristic of control system.
As above with reference to described in Fig. 2, WPT system 100 uses voltage measuring value and current measurement value during operation (that is, in real time in charging) calculates the parameter of coil.In other embodiments, WPT system 100 uses Kalman filter (not shown) is come to estimate coil parameter in real time, or using the ancillary coil (not shown) for being tuned to primary coil 124 Determine coil parameter.Fixed resistance loaded to the ancillary coil, the voltage induced in the output of ancillary coil can by with In the estimation coefficient of coup.
Referring to Fig.1 0, a kind of method for controlling WPT system 100 is shown according to one or more embodiments, and And the method can be marked generally by label 1000.Method 1000 is implemented as soft in controller 110 using being included in The algorithm of part code.In other embodiments, the method is distributed on multiple controllers (for example, controller 110 and external control Device 118 processed) in.Controller 110 generally include any number of microprocessor, ASIC, IC, memory (for example, flash memory, ROM, RAM, EPROM and/or EEPROM) and software code, sequence of operations is completed with coordination with one another.Controller 110 further includes making a reservation for Data or " look-up table ", the scheduled data or " look-up table " be based on calculating and test data and be stored in memory It is interior.
In operation 1002, WPT system 100 measures single-phase voltage and electric current.As with reference to described in Fig. 2, primary voltage senses Device 136 and primary current sensor 138 measure the single-phase voltage and electric current for being provided to primary coil 124；Secondary voltage senses Device 140 and secondary current sensor 142 measure the single-phase voltage and electric current received by secondary coil 134.
In operation 1004, controller 110 receives single-phase voltage and electric current, and converts them into three-phase component.It is operating 1006, three-phase system is converted to the rotating space vector of plural number by controller 110.In operation 1008, controller 110 will be plural empty Between vector be indicated horsepower three-phase indicate rotation DQ referentials.Then in operation 1010, controller 110 is utilized from rotation Turn equation derived from the DQ models of DQ referentials to calculate the parameter of coil 124 and 134 in real time (that is, LP、LS、LM).Solve this A little equatioies allow the calculating of coil parameter not influenced by system dynamic characteristic.In operation 1012, controller 110 is using based on line Enclose parameter (LP、LSAnd LM) tentation data determine the switching frequency (f of invertersw) and angle of phase displacement (α).Then, controller 110 provide order to peripheral control unit 118, and the switching frequency (f calculated is provided to adjust inverter switching devicesw) and angle of phase displacement (α). In one embodiment, such as in No. 15/404853 U.S. Patent application of Elshaer et al., (disclosure of this application is by drawing With being contained in this) described in, controller 110 determines f using look-up tableswAnd α.
Figure 11 to Figure 14 and equation (1) show the derivation of coil parameter equation to equation (48).Single-phase voltage and electricity Stream is transformed to three-phase component.Voltage waveform (the V of the measurement of primary coil 124p1) be described by equation (6).Vp1Voltage wave Shape is as time and Vp1The amplitude of voltage waveform | Vp1| and phase angleFunction and change.Voltage waveform, which is converted into, catches Obtain the when constant form of this tittle.
DQ transformation is used for time-varying waveform (Vp1) be converted to rotation complex vector.Switching frequency (fsw) be it is known, this It is because it is adjusted by controller 110.Therefore, the rotation angular frequency (ω) of the complex vector is known, this is because ω =2 π fsw.DQ transformation uses three-phase system, but WPT system 100 is monophase system.Therefore, in order to create the complex vector, from Vp1Generate two virtual time-varying waveform (Vp2And Vp3).Described two virtual waveforms are the voltage delays one by that will measure Time interval is built so that the first virtual waveform (Vp2) from Vp1120 ° of phase shift (as represented by equation (7)), second Virtual waveform (Vp3) from Vp1240 ° of phase shift (as represented by equation (8)).Waveform (the V of two number structuresp2And Vp3) and just Begin the waveform (V measuredp1) corresponding with three-phase system.
Then, as represented by equation (9), three-phase system is converted into plural rotating space vector (Vp).Figure 11 is V is shownpAnd VpThe direction of rotation and the curve graph 1100 of track.The space vector (Vp) with angular frequencysRotation, and have There is the size equal with the amplitude of voltage waveform measured.VpSize do not change over time.VpAngle Position (θs) with as when Between function VpPosition it is corresponding, that is,
As represented by equation (10), similar method is used for primary side (that is, vehicle side), to derive primary side Plural rotating space vector (VS)。
The method described above in relation to primary voltage is also used to be directed to the primary current waveform of measurement and the secondary of measurement Current waveform creates complex number space vector.
The transformation the result is that indicating the plural number of signal each measured.Equation (11) indicates the electric current measured in primary side Amount.As done above for the voltage signal of measurement, as shown in equation (12) and equation (13), two virtual electric currents are created Signal.As represented by equation (14) and equation (15), plural rotating space vector is derived for primary side current respectively (IP), and derive plural rotating space vector (I for secondary side currentS)。
Complex number space vector is converted to other referentials, and each space vector is (for example, VP、VS、IPAnd IS) thrown Shadow is to three different referentials：1) a-b-c referentials；2) static DQ referentials；3) DQ referentials are rotated.
Figure 12 is to show the space vector (V Chong Die with three referentialsP) graphics 1200, wherein shown with real filament Go out VP, a-b-c referentials are shown with real thick line, static DQ referentials are shown with dash line, rotation DQ references are shown with pecked line System.A-b-c referentials (real thick line) show to project to three voltage phases on a-b-c axis by equation (7) to equation (9) respectively Position (Vp1、Vp2And Vp3).Static DQ referentials (dash line) show to project to the V on d axis (d-axis)pReal part and project to q V on axispImaginary part.Rotation DQ referentials (pecked line) also show that the V projected on d axis (d-axis)pReal part and project to V on q axispImaginary part.By by VpProject to stationary reference frame fdq SThe throwing of d axis and the time-varying on q axis is generated on (dash line) Shadow component.Due to VpReal part project on d axis and VpImaginary part project on q axis, so it could be assumed that：If Vd SWith Vq SIt is plotted as the function of time, then they will generate two sinusoidal signals of 90 ° of phase shift each other.Similarly, by by VpIt throws Shadow is to on the axis that is rotated equal to the angular frequency of switching frequency, VpProjection in the DQ referentials (pecked line) of rotation generates throwing V on shadow to the d axis of rotationd ωComponent and project to V on the q axis of rotationq ωComponent.Since the DQ axis of rotation is sweared with space Measure VpIt is rotated with identical angular frequency, VpThe amount constant when generating of projection on the rotary shaft.Can by other space vectors (for example, VS、IP、IS) be superimposed upon on common figure (not shown), to show the relationship between vector.
Next, creating the DQ models of the coil 124 and 134 of coupling.Voltage sensor 136 and 140 and current sense Arrangement of the device 138 and 142 at the terminal of primary coil 124 and secondary coil 134 permission WPT system 100 (as shown in Figure 2) Simplified analysis.This permission Vehicular charging subsystem 102 and the different external charging subsystems with different external circuits 116 104 (for example, external charging subsystems 104 at the external charging subsystem 104 of family and job site) are coupled.
The time-varying voltage and electric current of measurement are used to create rotation complex vector, as shown in figure 11, the rotation plural number arrow Amount does not change over its size during stable state.The size of the fundametal component of the waveform of measurement and phase angle are sweared by the plural number Amount is calculated.It then, can be inverse to control by adjusting the angle of phase displacement between the switching frequency of inverter and the two poles of the earth of inverter Become device.The component of voltage and current in system 100 is controlled as having frequency identical with inverter switching frequency, and it Amplitude depend on angle of phase displacement (α).
Referring to Fig.1 3, as shown by the solid line, it can indicate primary coil 124 and secondary coil 134 by T-network 1300, Wherein, the coil 124 and 134 of two couplings is by an inductor (LM) indicate.In order to create the three-phase system of balance, such as by short Shown in scribing line, increase by two additional virtual phases, 124 He of coil is calculated to illustrate how to export following parsing equation 134 parameter.
Such as above by reference to described in equation (6) to equation (15), created for the voltage and current signals of each measurement The three-phase waveform of balance is (that is, plural rotating space vector VP、VS、IPAnd IS).T-network equivalent circuit 1300 indicates these meters It calculates.Therefore, it can be sweared come calculated complex revolution space by measuring the phase voltage and line current relative to neutral point of network 1300 Measure VP、VS、IPAnd IS。
The analytical expression of the dynamic characteristic of following equation description control three-phase T-network equivalent circuit 1300 pushes away It leads.By using Kirchhoff's second law, primary three-phase voltage and secondary are exported in equation (16) and equation (17) respectively The expression formula of three-phase voltage.
Expression above has quantified the three-phase voltage of two coils to their parameter and the dependence of three-phase current. By the way that the corresponding value of (being defined by equation (16)) each phase voltage is substituted into (being defined by equation (9)) space vector etc. Formula, as shown in equation (18), rotating space vector VpAlternatively indicated by the parameter of primary coil.It can be appreciated that (by equation (14) being defined with equation (15)) primary current item and secondary current item also can be substituted in equation (18), to generate primary Rotating space vector (the V of coil voltagep) expression formula, such as by defined in equation (19), the rotation of primary voltage is empty Between vector (Vp) it is the parameter of primary coil and the letter of primary rotating space vector electric current and secondary rotating space vector electric current Number.
Similarly, as shown in equation (20), the rotating space vector (V of secondary coil voltage can be exportedS) expression formula.It is logical It crosses and equation (14) and equation (15) is substituted into equation (20) to complete further simplification, to provide time defined by equation (21) Step voltage space vector (VS) expression formula.
The equivalent circuit 1300 in stationary reference frame is indicated by the expression formula that equation (19) and equation (21) define.It swears in space Measure VSAnd ISFunction as the time rotates counterclockwise.In addition, these space vectors can be indicated by time-varying plural number.Such as equation (22) to shown in (25), previously derived rotating space vector was equal to the rotating space vector in static DQ referentials.
Wherein, subscript " s " indicates stationary shaft；Subscript " ω " indicates rotary shaft；Subscript DQ indicates DQ referentials；Subscript " _ p " " _ s " indicates respectively the variable for the amount for indicating primary side and indicates the variable of the amount of second coil side.
Due to switching frequency (fsw) it is known, therefore, it can determine above-mentioned space for any given switching frequency The angular frequency (ω) of Vector Rotation.By the way that the rotating space vector described by equation (22) to (25) is projected to rotary shaft, in advance The amount of meter projection does not change over time.By e-jωtThe space vector of item description is rotated in the counterclockwise direction simultaneously as the function of time And size is 1.It, will although being rotated in the counterclockwise direction by the previous derived space vector that equation (22) to (25) describes They are multiplied by e-jωtItem stagnation space vector (stagnant space vector) constant when will produce.This technology is by Know that the rotary shaft is with angular frequency identical with the angular frequency of the rotating space vector in order rotating space vector is navigated to rotary shaft Rate rotates.Equation (26) and (27) indicate the space of primary voltage and electric current and secondary voltage and electric current in rotating reference frame Vector.Using the information, equation (19) and (21) are converted into rotating reference frame from stationary reference frame (being indicated by subscript " s ") (being indicated by subscript " ω ").
Obtain the equivalent circuit in DQ referentials by the way that equation (19) is transformed into rotating reference frame, by by these It is multiplied by e in the both sides of equation-jωtIt realizes, generates expression formula shown in equation (30).Can peer-to-peer (21) carry out it is similar Convert (not shown).
As shown in equation (31), d/dt [I are solved by using chain rulePe-jωst] item, now by equation (32) Lai Indicate LPe-jωst d/dt IP.
L is solved using similar methodMe-jωst d/dt IS.And equation (30) can be written to such as equation (33) institute The form shown.
As shown in equation (34), each rotating space vector in stationary reference frame can be by the space in rotation DQ referentials Vector is substituted.And as shown in equation (35), the secondary-side voltage in rotation DQ referentials is indicated using similar method.
Magnetic linkage (the flux in each coil 124 and 134 can be determined by flowing through the electric current of primary coil and secondary coil linkage).By using with program as before, can respectively according to equation (36) and equation (37) come indicate rotation DQ ginseng Examine the magnetic linkage of the primary coil and secondary coil in being.
Therefore, by rearranging the item in equation (34) and equation (35), in the magnetic defined in equation (36) and (37) Chain expression formula can be substituted into voltage equation (34) and (35).It therefore, can be by the primary voltage and coil at the terminal of coil 124 Secondary voltage at 134 terminal is written respectively as the form as shown in equation (38) and (39).
In addition, as shown in equation (40) and (41), equation (38) and (39) can be used for solving primary coil 124 and secondary The electric current of coil 134 (as the magnetic linkage of coil 124 and 134 and the function of physical parameter).
By using equation (38) and (39), the coil of the coupling marked as shown in figure 14 and by label 1400 can be exported Equivalent circuit.
Equation (38) and (39) are plural form, it means that their real component correspond to the magnetic linkage on d axis and Their imaginary number component corresponds to the magnetic linkage on q axis.Primary coil and secondary coil two are described in equation (42) to (45) The magnetic linkage on magnetic linkage and q axis on the d axis of person.
As shown in following equation (46) to (48), by four equatioies (that is, equation (42) to (45)) above Arbitrary three solved to export coil parameter (that is, LP、LSAnd LM) equation：
Figure 15 is shown for estimation coil parameter (as described in 0 operation 1004 to 1010 referring to Fig.1) in real time The block diagram of control system 1500.According to one embodiment, control system is realized using the software code for including in controller 110 System 1500.
As marked as label 1502, the input of control system 1500 is the single-phase electricity of the measurement of the function as the time One in pressure is (that is, Vp1(t) or VS1(t)).The embodiment shown is by primary single-phase voltage (Vp1(t)) it is portrayed as the input.
As generally marked as label 1504, single-phase value is then transformed to three-phase values by control system 1500.It measures First phase voltage (Vp1) it is provided to summation frame 1506.By making the first phase value of measurement deviate 120 ° (such as above with reference to equation (7) described in and indicated by phase shift frame 1508) and the waveform is then multiplied by e(j2π)/3(such as above with reference to equation (9) described and indicated by multiplication frame 1510) create the second phase voltage waveform.Second phase voltage value of the calculating It is provided to summation frame 1506.By make measurement the first phase value deviate 240 ° (such as above with reference to described in equation (8) and by Indicated by phase shift frame 1512) and the waveform is then multiplied by e(j4π)/3(such as above with reference to described in equation (9) and by multiplying Indicated by method frame 1514) create third phase voltage waveform.The third phase voltage value of the calculating is also supplied to summation frame 1506。
In summation frame 1506, such as above with reference to described in equation (9), three-phase system is transformed to multiple by control system 1500 Number vector.
Then, in multiplication frame 1518, control system 1500 is by complex vector (Vp) project to rotation DQ referentials (Vdq_P ω)。 Such as above with reference to described in equation (22), which is equal to the space vector in static DQ referentials.Such as above with reference to Equation (26) is described, and control system 1500 is by the output for the frame 1506 that will sum (that is, Vp) it is multiplied by (e-j2πfsw) and (1/s) Product by space vector be converted to rotation DQ referentials.1/s frames, which be used to input it, to be integrated.0 frame instruction integral The primary condition of device is zero in this case.Controller 110 in response to the enable signal that is generally marked by label 1520 and Enable 1/s frames.
Frame 1522,1524 and 1526 indicates plural number being decomposed into their real and imaginary parts.In frame 1522, control system 1500 will rotation DQ referentials (Vdq_P ω) subtract j2 π fsw.In frame 1524, the output of frame 1522 is multiplied by (1/s) by controller 110, Magnetic linkage (the λ in rotation DQ referentials to provide the primary coil marked by label 1526dq_P ω)。
As secondary voltage VS1(t) be input measured value 1502 when (not shown), 1500 quilt of identical overall control system For calculating the magnetic linkage of secondary coil at frame 1526 (that is, λω d_sAnd λω q_s)。
Figure 16 be show according to one or more embodiments in real time estimation coil parameter (such as referring to Fig.1 0 Operation 1004 to 1010 description) another control system 1600 block diagram.According to one embodiment, using being included in controller Software code in 110 realizes control system 1600.
As marked as label 1602, the input of control system 1600 is the single-phase electricity of the measurement of the function as the time One in flow valuve is (that is, ip1(t) or iS1(t)).The embodiment shown is by primary monophase current (ip1(t)) it is portrayed as described defeated Enter.
As generally marked as label 1604, single-phase electricity flow valuve is then transformed to three-phase current by control system 1600 Value.The first phase current measured is provided to summation frame 1606.By making the first phase current values of measurement deviate 120 ° (as above With reference to described in equation (12) and indicated by phase shift frame 1608) and the waveform is then multiplied by e(j2π)/3(as above With reference to described in equation (14) and indicated by multiplication frame 1610) create the second phase current waveform.The of the calculating Two-phase current is also supplied to summation frame 1606.By making the first phase value of measurement deviate 240 ° (such as above with reference to equation (13) It is described and indicated by phase shift frame 1612) and the waveform is then multiplied by e(j4π)/3(such as above with reference to equation (14) It is described and indicated by multiplication frame 1614) create third phase current waveform.The third phase current of the calculating also by It is supplied to summation frame 1606.
In summation frame 1606, such as above with reference to described in equation (14), three-phase system is transformed to by control system 1600 Complex vector.
Then, in multiplication frame 1618, control system 1600 is by complex vector (Ip) project to rotation DQ referentials (Idq_P ω)。 Such as above with reference to described in equation (24), which is equal to the space vector in static DQ referentials.Such as above with reference to Equation (27) is described, and control system 1600 is by the output for the frame 1606 that will sum (that is, Ip) it is multiplied by (e-j2πfsw) and (1/s) Product by space vector be converted to rotation DQ referentials.
Frame 1622,1624 and 1626 indicates plural number being decomposed into their real and imaginary parts.In frame 1622, control system 1600 will rotation DQ referentials (Idq_P ω) subtract j2 π fsw.In frame 1624, the output of frame 1622 is multiplied by (1/s) by controller 110, To provide the primary current (I in the rotation DQ referentials marked by label 1626dq_P ω)。
As secondary current IS1(t) be input measured value 1602 when (not shown), 1600 quilt of identical overall control system For calculating the secondary current (I in rotation DQ referentials at frame 1626dq_S ω)。
Then, as described with reference to equation (46) to (48), control system 1600 is to coil parameter (LP、LS、LM) carry out Estimation.These parameters will be provided to controller 110, and controller 110 can be used for controller parameter being adjusted to optimum value, with Allow to carry out WPT system 100 stable control.
Figure 17 to Figure 19 is the song of emulation testing data when showing the experience voltage transient of control system 1500 and 1600 Line chart.The input voltage of primary (outside) matching network 184 (Fig. 5) is become with jump function from 110V at time point 8ms 55V。
Figure 17 includes the primary voltage measured value for showing to be switched to DQ referentials and secondary voltage measured value by label 1700 curve graphs generally marked.Curve 1702 and 1704 indicates the V of primary side voltage measured valuedComponent and VqComponent.Curve 1712 and 1714 indicate the V of secondary-side voltage measured valuedComponent and VqComponent.Figure 18 includes showing to be switched to DQ referentials The curve graph 1800 of primary current measured value and secondary current measured value.Curve 1802 and 1804 indicates primary side current measured value IdComponent and IqComponent.Curve 1812 and 1814 indicates the I of secondary side current measured valuedComponent and IqComponent.Curve graph 1700 Voltage transient when showing 8ms with 1800.
Figure 19 includes the coil parameter (L for showing the calculating during time frame identical with Figure 17 and Figure 18P、LS、LM) Curve graph 1900.Curve graph 1900 shows the voltage transient when 8ms in response to being marked by label 1902,1904 and 1906 And certain noise that the inductance generated calculates.The emulation confirmed that control system 1500 and 1600 is not influenced by transition.
Although described above is exemplary embodiment, it is not intended to the be possible to shape of these embodiments description present invention Formula.More precisely, the word used in specification is descriptive words word and not restrictive, and it will be understood that can not take off It is variously modified in the case of from the spirit and scope of the present invention.In addition, can combine the feature of the embodiment of various realizations with Form further embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of vehicle, including：
Coil, suitable for wirelessling receive electric power from external coil with single-phase form；
Sensor is suitable for measuring the characteristic of the electric power；
Controller is configured as：It is indicated come to indicating coil alignment case using the three-phase of the electric power based on the characteristic Parameter estimated, and adjust the electric power received by the coil based on the parameter.
2. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein controller is additionally configured to：
The second phase that generating makes the electric power of reception deviate 120 degree indicates；
The third phase that generating makes the electric power of reception deviate 240 degree indicates；
Electric power, the second phase based on reception indicate and third phase indicates to generate complex vector, wherein the three-phase of the electric power indicates It is based on the complex vector.
3. vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein controller is additionally configured to：The complex vector is transformed into instruction institute State orthogonal zero (DQ) referential of rotary DC that the three-phase of electric power indicates.
4. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein controller is additionally configured to：It generates and indicates that the three-phase of the electric power indicates Orthogonal zero (DQ) referential of rotary DC.
5. vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein controller is additionally configured to：
At least one magnetic linkage is calculated using based on the equation of the DQ circuit models of the rotation DQ referentials；
Based on the parameter for indicating coil alignment case described in the flux linkage calculation, to which the parameter is not by system dynamic characteristic It influences.
6. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the vehicle further includes energy source, and the energy source is connected to the line It encloses and suitable for receiving the electric power to charge to the energy source.
7. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the electric power further includes by the coil and the external coil At least one of at least one of the voltage and current that receives.
8. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein controller is additionally configured to：Based on the parameter, adjustment is by the coil At least one of switching frequency and angle of phase displacement of the electric power of reception.
9. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein controller is additionally configured to：By being provided to peripheral control unit for adjusting The order of the whole switching frequency and at least one of angle of phase displacement provided to the electric power of the external coil, to adjust by the line Enclose the electric power received.
10. vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the parameter instruction coil inductance, external coil inductance and the line At least one of the mutual inductance of circle and the external coil.
11. a kind of electrical power transmission system, including：
Coil, suitable for inductively receiving electric power from external coil；
Inverter is connected to the external coil；
Controller is configured as：Based on the coil alignment situation for using the three-phase of the electric power to indicate estimation, the inversion is adjusted At least one of switching frequency and angle of phase displacement of device.
12. electrical power transmission system as claimed in claim 11, further includes：
External power supply is connected to the external coil to provide electric power, wherein the inverter be connected to the external power supply with Between the external coil；
Peripheral control unit is configured as：It receives and is indicated in the switching frequency and the angle of phase displacement at least from the controller One order, and the inverter is controlled based on the order.
13. electrical power transmission system as claimed in claim 11 further includes battery, the battery is electrically connected to the coil to store up Deposit electric power.
14. electrical power transmission system as claimed in claim 11 further includes sensor, the sensor is for measuring the electric power Characteristic.
15. electrical power transmission system as claimed in claim 14, wherein controller is additionally configured to：Based on the characteristic, to referring to The parameter of timberline circle alignment case is estimated.
16. electrical power transmission system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the parameter instruction coil inductance, external coil inductance And at least one of the mutual inductance of the coil and the external coil.
17. electrical power transmission system as claimed in claim 11, wherein controller is additionally configured to：
Generate orthogonal zero (DQ) referential of rotary DC for indicating that the three-phase of the electric power indicates；
At least one magnetic linkage is calculated using based on the equation of the rotation DQ referentials；
Based on the magnetic linkage, the parameter of instruction coil alignment case is calculated.
18. a kind of wireless power transmission (WPT) method, including：
Electric power is received wirelessly from external source by the coil of coupling；
Measure the characteristic of the electric power；
Characteristic based on measurement, the three-phase for generating the electric power indicate；
It is indicated using the three-phase to indicating that the parameter of coil alignment case is estimated；
The electric power is adjusted based on the parameter.
19. wireless power transmission method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the step of generating the three-phase expression of the electric power is also Including：Characteristic based on measurement generates orthogonal zero (DQ) referential of rotary DC.
20. wireless power transmission method as claimed in claim 19, further includes：
Based on the rotation DQ referentials, at least one magnetic linkage is calculated；
Based on the magnetic linkage, the parameter of the instruction coil alignment case is calculated.
CN201810148338.XA 2017-02-20 2018-02-13 Parameter estimation for wireless power transfer systems Active CN108454431B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/437,256 US10369891B2 (en) 2017-02-20 2017-02-20 Wireless power transfer system parameter estimation
US15/437,256 2017-02-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108454431A true CN108454431A (en) 2018-08-28
CN108454431B CN108454431B (en) 2023-06-30

Family

ID=63045856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201810148338.XA Active CN108454431B (en) 2017-02-20 2018-02-13 Parameter estimation for wireless power transfer systems

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US10369891B2 (en)
CN (1) CN108454431B (en)
DE (1) DE102018103422A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112428840A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-02 广州橙行智动汽车科技有限公司 Charging and discharging system and electric automobile
CN112673544A (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-04-16 欧姆龙株式会社 Non-contact power transmission system
CN112673545A (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-04-16 欧姆龙株式会社 Non-contact power transmission system

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11207989B2 (en) * 2016-03-22 2021-12-28 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Wireless charging of electric vehicles
US10513198B2 (en) * 2018-03-14 2019-12-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Electrified vehicle wireless charging system and charging method
CN110707767B (en) * 2018-07-10 2021-09-21 华为技术有限公司 Wireless charging control method, wireless charging emitter and system
CN112739571B (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-11-30 多伦多大学管理委员会 Integrated three-phase AC charger with dual inverter drive for vehicle applications
EP3849053B1 (en) * 2018-09-04 2023-08-02 IHI Corporation Communication control device
KR20200045170A (en) * 2018-10-22 2020-05-04 엘지이노텍 주식회사 Method and Apparatus for Controlling Wireless Power
CN114928177A (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-08-19 韦特里西提公司 System and method for low power excitation in high power wireless power systems
NL2022589B1 (en) 2019-02-15 2020-08-28 Prodrive Tech Bv Continuous control of a contactless electrical energy transfer system
KR20200122678A (en) * 2019-04-18 2020-10-28 삼성전자주식회사 Method for performing wireless charging, wireless power transmitter and storage medium therefor
US11695271B2 (en) 2019-05-24 2023-07-04 Witricity Corporation Protection circuits for wireless power receivers
CN110061570B (en) * 2019-05-28 2020-10-02 浙江大学 Wireless power transmission system for realizing PFC (Power factor correction) through secondary modulation
EP4022739A1 (en) 2019-08-26 2022-07-06 Witricity Corporation Control of active rectification in wireless power systems
US11841465B1 (en) 2019-12-30 2023-12-12 Waymo Llc Wireless power transfer via rotary link
KR102524706B1 (en) 2020-01-23 2023-04-21 위트리시티 코포레이션 Tunable Reactance Circuit for Wireless Power Systems
EP4220894A1 (en) 2020-01-29 2023-08-02 WiTricity Corporation Auxiliary power dropout protection for a wireless power transfer system
DE102021200584A1 (en) 2021-01-22 2022-07-28 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Method for operating a device for the wireless transmission of energy in the direction of an electrical consumer by means of inductive coupling, device and system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102947124A (en) * 2010-05-19 2013-02-27 高通股份有限公司 Adaptive wireless energy transfer system
US20140172338A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-19 Nucleus Scientific Inc. Nonlinear system identification for optimization of wireless power transfer
US20150061578A1 (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method for alignment and compatibility detection for a wireless power transfer system
US20150280455A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-01 Abb Technology Ag Inductive power transfer system and method for operating an inductive power transfer system
CN106394270A (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-15 福特全球技术公司 Inductive power transfer voltage control method

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014508499A (en) 2011-03-11 2014-04-03 ユタ ステート ユニバーシティ Method and apparatus for controlling an LCL converter using asymmetric voltage cancellation techniques
US8569994B2 (en) 2011-03-15 2013-10-29 General Electric Company Charging device, system, and method of supplying power to at least one load
JP2015026708A (en) * 2013-07-26 2015-02-05 株式会社東芝 Solid-state imaging device and method of manufacturing solid-state imaging device
US10913363B2 (en) 2015-03-10 2021-02-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Voltage injection-based cable swap detection
EP3070803B1 (en) 2015-03-19 2018-10-17 General Electric Technology GmbH Power transmission network

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102947124A (en) * 2010-05-19 2013-02-27 高通股份有限公司 Adaptive wireless energy transfer system
US20140172338A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-19 Nucleus Scientific Inc. Nonlinear system identification for optimization of wireless power transfer
US20150061578A1 (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method for alignment and compatibility detection for a wireless power transfer system
US20150280455A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-01 Abb Technology Ag Inductive power transfer system and method for operating an inductive power transfer system
CN106394270A (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-15 福特全球技术公司 Inductive power transfer voltage control method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112673544A (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-04-16 欧姆龙株式会社 Non-contact power transmission system
CN112673545A (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-04-16 欧姆龙株式会社 Non-contact power transmission system
CN112673544B (en) * 2019-01-11 2023-09-08 欧姆龙株式会社 Non-contact power transmission system
CN112673545B (en) * 2019-01-11 2023-10-03 欧姆龙株式会社 Non-contact power transmission system
CN112428840A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-02 广州橙行智动汽车科技有限公司 Charging and discharging system and electric automobile
CN112428840B (en) * 2020-11-27 2023-05-12 广州橙行智动汽车科技有限公司 Charging and discharging system and electric automobile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20180236879A1 (en) 2018-08-23
US10369891B2 (en) 2019-08-06
DE102018103422A1 (en) 2018-08-23
CN108454431B (en) 2023-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108454431A (en) The parameter Estimation of Wireless power transmission system
Lacroix et al. An integrated fast battery charger for electric vehicle
Pellegrino et al. An integral battery charger with power factor correction for electric scooter
CN101454958B (en) Power controller and vehicle equipped with power controller
Kisacikoglu Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) reactive power operation analysis of the EV/PHEV bidirectional battery charger
CN102780443B (en) Aerial three-level electric excitation motor starting control method and aerial three-level electric excitation motor starting control device
CN107994665A (en) Use the charging system of wound rotor synchronous motor
CN103051273B (en) Adjacent five-vector SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation) method based on five-phase six-line topology
EP3006257A1 (en) Control method for charger apparatus for an electric vehicle
CN105517836B (en) Control DC DC converters and the method for obtaining the modified delay of DC DC converters
CN105391360A (en) Optimal efficiency control method of electric vehicle under electroghermal constraint, controller, and system
CN107985083A (en) Use the charging system of wound rotor synchronous motor
CN109802474B (en) Charging system without power factor correction circuit
CN104901403A (en) Electric automobile wireless charging system and method realizing power regulation based on phase-controlled inverter
CN102315811A (en) The system and method for the non-sinusoidal current waveform stimulus of generator
JP5724830B2 (en) Power system
CN110667418A (en) Single-phase grid-connected zero-torque integrated charger and current control method thereof
Hata et al. Dynamic wireless power transfer system for electric vehicle to simplify ground facilities-power control based on vehicle-side information
KR101563866B1 (en) charging apparatus and electric vehicle including the same
Su et al. An integrated onboard charger and accessory power converter for plug-in electric vehicles
KR101843064B1 (en) Load monitoring method and load estimation system for current control using synchronous coordinate dq modeling of wireless power transmission system
CN110712539A (en) Sliding mode control method for electric drive reconstruction type charger for electric automobile
Tang et al. Common Mode Power Control of Three-Phase Inverter for Auxiliary Load Without Access to Neutral Point
Morris Design and testing of a bidirectional smart charger prototype
KR101755299B1 (en) Method and apparatus for current control using synchronous coordinate dq modeling of wireless power transmission system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant