CN108450296A - A kind of irrigation method of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope - Google Patents
A kind of irrigation method of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940059082 douche Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of irrigation methods of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, include the following steps：S1：Refuse dump slope surface is divided into n region by slope position height, by it is high sequentially form on earth the first slope surface area, the second slope surface area ..., the n-th slope surface area；S2：It is first irrigated in the first slope surface area and reaches target volume moisture content to the first slope surface area at the first time；In the second slope surface area, irrigation the second time to the second slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content again, and so on, in the n-th slope surface area, irrigation the n-th time to the n-th slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content, wherein n >=1.The present invention by refuse dump slope surface by being divided into multiple regions, it is irrigated successively from high to low when irrigation, and control the irrigation volume in each slope surface area by controlling irrigation time, the slope surface area for keeping slope position high has higher water content, the low slope surface area in slope position has lower water content, slope stability when to make irrigation, not will produce slope runoff, not will produce the loss of secondary water soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grassland mining area refuse dump irrigation technique fields, and in particular to a kind of grassland mining area refuse dump slope surface is planted
The irrigation method being resumed.
Background technology
Grassland region general precipitation is few, shortage of water resources, and for refuse dump slope vegetation restoration, irrigation is to ensure slope vegetation
The main means of moisture needed for growth and development, can make up annual precipitation deficiency and aqueous vapor be spatially distributed it is uneven,
Be conducive to the normal growth of plant and enhance its competitiveness.The irrigation method that refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope uses at present is mainly wrapped
It includes：Semi-fixed type sprinkling irrigation (i.e. water delivery main pipeline is fixed on dumping site flat, is connect and is irrigated with nozzle by hose), micro- spray
Filling, trickle irrigation etc..Semi-fixed type sprinkling irrigation easily forms sputter to slope surface, sheetflood, rill erosion, cuts since water droplet and water are bigger than normal by force
The water erosions such as ditch erosion；The capacity of sprinkler of microspray irrigation, range, arrangement spacing are bigger than normal, are unfavorable for the plant at refuse dump side slope initial stage
It is resumed, while microspray irrigation, trickle irrigation do not set corresponding irrigation program according to different gradient or Different slope (upper, middle and lower),
Uniformity of irrigation water appilcation is not only influenced, is also unfavorable for controlling different gradient or Different slope soil moisture, influences slope stability.It is anxious thus
It needs one kind under the premise of ensureing slope stability, not generating slope runoff, meets moisture needed for recovering vegetation on slope to greatest extent
Irrigation method.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of irrigation methods of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, to overcome existing irrigation side
Method causes slope surface unstable, the phenomenon that being susceptible to slope runoff.
A kind of irrigation method of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, includes the following steps：
S1：Refuse dump slope surface is divided into n region by slope position height, the first slope surface area, the are sequentially formed on earth by high
Two slope surface areas ..., the n-th slope surface area；
S2：It is first irrigated in the first slope surface area and reaches target volume moisture content to the first slope surface area at the first time；Again second
Slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content at irrigation the second time to the second slope surface area, and so on, irrigate n-th in the n-th slope surface area
Time to the n-th slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content, wherein n >=1.
Further, in step S1, the specific division methods of refuse dump slope surface are：
When the gradient≤10 ° of refuse dump, n=1；
10°<When the gradient≤20 ° of refuse dump, n=2；
20°<When the gradient≤30 ° of refuse dump, n=3；
The refuse dump gradient>At 30 °, n=4.
Further, when 2,3,4 n, the height in each slope surface area is equal.
Further, in n slope surface area, the irrigation time T in m slope surfaces areamIt is calculated according to the following formula：
Wherein, HmTarget volume moisture content after being irrigated for m slope surfaces area, Hm0 is preceding according to soil for the irrigation of m slope surfaces area
The volumetric water content that humidity data determines, SmFor the area in m slope surfaces area, DmSoil moisture data is acquired for m slope surfaces area to correspond to
Depth, VmFor the irrigation speed in m slope surfaces area.
Further, the target volume moisture content H after m slope surfaces area is irrigatedmIt is arranged to no more than the slope surface area most
Big moisture content and the minimum moisture content not less than the slope surface area.
Further, not form slope runoff and/or do not generate earthing slump be mark when the maximum moisture content is to irrigate
Standard is calculated and is obtained.
Further, the minimum moisture content desired indicator is restored to as criterion calculation using the Testing index of slope vegetation and
.
Further, the desired indicator is the minimum threshold of Testing index.
Further, the Testing index includes vegetation cover degree, vegetation height and vegetation ground biomass.
Further, work as n>When 1, the target volume moisture content in n slope surface area is arranged to by slope position from high to low suitable
Sequence reduces successively.
Due to refuse dump slope surface as slope position gradually increases, thickness of earth covering is gradually reduced with water holding capacity, therefore entire slope
Face not only influences the irrigation uniformity of entire slope surface according to the relatively single irrigation method of irrigation position and irrigation volume, but also
It is unfavorable for controlling the soil moisture of Different slope, influences slope stability.The present invention is by being divided refuse dump slope surface by slope position height
At multiple regions, when irrigation, irrigates successively from high to low, and controls the irrigation volume in each slope surface area by controlling irrigation time,
The slope surface area for keeping slope position high has higher water content, and the low slope surface area in slope position has lower water content, so that irrigating
When slope stability, not will produce slope runoff, not will produce secondary water soil loss.
Specific implementation mode
Carry out the embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiment, illustrated embodiment is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A kind of irrigation method of grassland mining area refuse dump provided by the invention recovering vegetation on slope, includes the following steps：
S1：Refuse dump slope surface is divided into n region by slope position height, the first slope surface area, the are sequentially formed on earth by high
Two slope surface areas ..., the n-th slope surface area；
S2：It is first irrigated in the first slope surface area and reaches target volume moisture content to the first slope surface area at the first time；Again second
Slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content at irrigation the second time to the second slope surface area, and so on, irrigate n-th in the n-th slope surface area
Time to the n-th slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content, wherein n >=1.
Specifically, the adaptive plant of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope should based on leguminous forage, grass family herds
Supplemented by grass, the irrigation method of revegetation is mainly by the way of slight irrigation and trickle irrigation.Before irrigation, first refuse dump slope surface is pressed
Slope position height is divided into n region, and for follow-up convenience of calculation, mode preferably respectively, i.e. n region slope height is equal.The present invention
Mainly for the situation that the refuse dump gradient is constant, if the refuse dump gradient is variation, such as slope position eminence, the gradient is big, slope position
Lower, the gradient is small, can be a subregion according to the slope surface of the same gradient, can also the slope surface of the same gradient be divided into multiple points
The model split in area, is equally applicable to this method.
The first slope surface area in the present invention refers to the highest slope surface area in slope position, and the n-th slope surface area refers to the minimum slope surface in slope position
Area when irrigation, irrigates according to the slope position sequence from high to low in slope surface area, i.e., first pours water in the first slope surface area, when first successively
After slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content, the irrigation rig in the first slope surface area is closed, opens the irrigation rig in the second slope surface area,
After the second slope surface area reaches target volume moisture content, the irrigation rig in the second slope surface area is closed, opens the filling in third slope surface area
Device is irrigate, and so on, it is irrigated and is finished until the n-th slope surface area.
During irrigation, it is corresponding that the irrigation time by controlling each slope surface area in primary irrigate can control it
Duty, due to refuse dump slope surface as slope position gradually increases, thickness of earth covering is gradually reduced with water holding capacity, therefore the present invention
The irrigation time in the high slope surface area in slope position is set greater than the low slope surface area in slope position, that is to say, that the irrigation in the first slope surface area
The irrigation time of time longest, the n-th slope surface area is most short, so that during primary irrigate, the soil in the first slope surface area contains
The soil moisture content of water highest, the n-th slope surface area is minimum, and this irrigation method makes grassland refuse dump slope surface relatively stable, no
Slope runoff is will produce, not will produce soil erosion phenomenon.
The specific division methods of refuse dump slope surface of the present invention are：When the gradient≤10 ° of refuse dump, n=1；10°<Refuse dump slope
When spending≤20 °, n=2；20°<When the gradient≤30 ° of refuse dump, n=3；The refuse dump gradient>At 30 °, n=4.
Specifically, the quantity in slope surface area is related with the refuse dump gradient, if the refuse dump gradient≤10 °, if subregion pair
Irrigation result influences less, can not subregion, i.e. n=1.If 10 °<The refuse dump gradient≤20 ° are divided into 2 areas；20°<
The refuse dump gradient≤30 °, point 3 areas are more suitable；The refuse dump gradient>At 30 °, 4 areas can be divided into.When n is 2,3,4,
The height in each slope surface area is equal, i.e., is divided into n area in short transverse.
If refuse dump slope surface is divided into n slope surface area, in this n slope surface area, the irrigation time T in m slope surfaces areamIt presses
Following equation calculates：
It is understood that more than once due to refuse dump slope surface irrigation frequency, the T in above-mentioned formulamRefer to once filling
The irrigation time in m slope surfaces area during irrigating.Wherein, HmTarget volume moisture content after being irrigated for m slope surfaces area, HmDetermination
It is important, specifically, HmIt may be configured as the maximum moisture content no more than the slope surface area and the minimum not less than the slope surface area contain
The acquisition of water rate, the maximum moisture content can be by being irrigated in the experiment soil region of the identical gradient, identical partitions, and is examined
The experiment soil region is surveyed not form slope runoff and/or do not generate the maximum moisture content that can bear when earthing slump.Casting
For field slope surface thickness of earth covering generally in 30-50cm, soil moisture is excessively high to make earthing part generate slump.The minimum moisture content
Obtain can by test soil region slope vegetation irrigate after, each Testing index be restored to desired indicator minimum it is aqueous
Rate.Wherein, Testing index can be the indexs such as vegetation cover degree, vegetation height and vegetation ground biomass.The desired indicator can lead to
The minimum threshold of corresponding index is crossed to determine, for example, after a complete growth period, the minimum threshold of vegetation cover degree is
60%, the minimum threshold of vegetation height is 10cm, and the minimum threshold of ground biomass is 80g/m2.Then minimum moisture content is to make this
Test soil region slope vegetation irrigate after, vegetation cover degree reaches that 60%, vegetation height reaches 10cm, ground biomass reaches
80g/m2Moisture content.In the present invention, work as n>When 1, the target volume moisture content in n slope surface area is arranged to by slope position by height
It is reduced successively to low sequence.That is, the volumetric water content in the first slope surface area should be arranged to highest, if refuse dump
It is divided into 4 areas, i.e. n=4, in revegetation early period, the volumetric water content in the first slope surface area to the 4th slope surface area can be in this way
Setting：14%, 12%, 10%, 8%；In the revegetation later stage, the volumetric water content in the first slope surface area to the 4th slope surface area can be with
It is arranged in this way：25%, 23%, 21%, 19%.Because in revegetation early period, refuse dump slope surface is similar to naked slope, therefore aqueous
Rate cannot be too high.And revegetation later stage, moisture content can be higher than revegetation early period, meet the water of vegetation late growth needs
Point.It should be understood that the target volume moisture content in n slope surface area refers to during primary irrigate, each slope surface fills
The volumetric soil water content that should reach when irrigating completion, this volumetric water content and final volumetric water content simultaneously differ, because
After irrigation, for water there are one the process penetrated into, the time length of infiltration is related to the type of earthing, if using sandy soil, penetrates into
Time is shorter, about 1 hour, and if it is clay, then it is longer to penetrate into the time, about 4-5 hour, therefore causes primary
Soil volume after volumetric soil water content during irrigation, when the irrigation completion of each slope surface is fully penetrated into irrigation water contains
Water rate has certain difference.
Hm 0The volumetric water content determined according to soil moisture data before being irrigated for m slope surfaces area, soil moisture data can lead to
Soil humidity sensor measurement is crossed, usually, in addition to the first slope surface area, Hm 0Very big with gradient relationship, the gradient is bigger, high slope position
The irrigation water in slope surface area more readily flow to low slope position, therefore the H of low slope positionm 0Value is also bigger.
SmFor the area in m slope surfaces area, DmThe corresponding depth of soil moisture data, V are acquired for m slope surfaces areamFor the slopes m
The irrigation speed in face area.In the present invention, since n slope surface area is average division, irrigation speed is also equal, therefore each slope surface
The S in aream、VmIt is equal, and DmValue it is related with thickness of earth covering, such as thickness of earth covering be 15cm or more, then when irrigating at least
Depth of wetted soil is wanted to reach 15cm or more.Because if depth of wetted soil is very shallow, ground moistening is advantageous to weeds and side slope vegetation is unfavorable.It covers
The property of soil thickness and earthing has much relations, if earthing is dense, the D in each slope surface areamCan be equal, if earthing
Than more loose, the earthing in Gao Powei slope surfaces area can be slided to low slope position so that the higher slope surface area in slope position, thickness of earth covering value are got over
It is small.
The irrigation method of the present invention should choose slight irrigation or drip irrigation, and douche flow is not easy excessive, and it is big to reduce drop
It is small, it prevents from forming slope runoff in water-pouring process.
When irrigation, the Optimum Irrigation time is morning, because what morning irrigation needed for one day in addition to that can meet side slope vegetation
It outside moisture, has been done to evening blade, can prevent germ from growing.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of irrigation method of grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1：Refuse dump slope surface is divided into n region by slope position height, the first slope surface area, the second slope are sequentially formed by height on earth
Face area ..., the n-th slope surface area；
S2：It is first irrigated in the first slope surface area and reaches target volume moisture content to the first slope surface area at the first time；Again in the second slope surface
Area reaches target volume moisture content at irrigation the second time to the second slope surface area, and so on, irrigated for the n-th time in the n-th slope surface area
Reach target volume moisture content to the n-th slope surface area, wherein n >=1.
2. the irrigation method of grassland mining area according to claim 1 refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that step
In S1, the specific division methods of refuse dump slope surface are：
When the gradient≤10 ° of refuse dump, n=1；
10°<When the gradient≤20 ° of refuse dump, n=2；
20°<When the gradient≤30 ° of refuse dump, n=3；
The refuse dump gradient>At 30 °, n=4.
3. the irrigation method of grassland mining area according to claim 2 refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that n is
2,3,4 when, the height in each slope surface area is equal.
4. according to the irrigation method of claim 1-3 any one of them grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, feature
It is, in n slope surface area, the irrigation time T in m slope surfaces areamIt is calculated according to the following formula：
Wherein, HmTarget volume moisture content after being irrigated for m slope surfaces area, Hm 0According to soil moisture before being irrigated for m slope surfaces area
The volumetric water content that data determine, SmFor the area in m slope surfaces area, DmThe corresponding depth of soil moisture data is acquired for m slope surfaces area
Degree, VmFor the irrigation speed in m slope surfaces area.
5. the irrigation method of grassland mining area according to claim 4 refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that m
Target volume moisture content H after the irrigation of slope surface areamIt is arranged to the maximum moisture content no more than the slope surface area and is not less than the slope
The minimum moisture content in face area.
6. the irrigation method of grassland mining area according to claim 5 refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that described
Slope runoff is not formed when maximum moisture content is to irrigate and/or does not generate earthing slump is obtained as criterion calculation.
7. the irrigation method of grassland mining area according to claim 5 or 6 refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that
The minimum moisture content is restored to desired indicator using the Testing index of slope vegetation and is obtained as criterion calculation.
8. the irrigation method of grassland mining area according to claim 7 refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope, which is characterized in that described
Testing index includes vegetation cover degree, vegetation height and vegetation ground biomass.
9. the irrigation method of the grassland mining area refuse dump recovering vegetation on slope according to claim 5 or 6 or 8, feature exist
In working as n>When 1, the target volume moisture content in n slope surface area is arranged to reduce successively by the sequence of slope position from high to low.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113598032A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-05 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for controlling ecological water level of soil in strip mine refuse dump |
| CN116138113A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-05-23 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Degraded grassland vegetation restoration method for forestry planting |
| CN117837478A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-09 | 北京林业大学 | Zone irrigation control method for intelligent irrigation of gardens under sloping field condition |
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| CN116138113A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-05-23 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Degraded grassland vegetation restoration method for forestry planting |
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Application publication date: 20180828 |