CN108448967B - A kind of switched reluctance machines converter system - Google Patents

A kind of switched reluctance machines converter system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108448967B
CN108448967B CN201810242687.8A CN201810242687A CN108448967B CN 108448967 B CN108448967 B CN 108448967B CN 201810242687 A CN201810242687 A CN 201810242687A CN 108448967 B CN108448967 B CN 108448967B
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diode
phase winding
capacitor
switch
anode
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CN108448967A (en
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孙冠群
宋春伟
郭倩
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China Jiliang University
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China Jiliang University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/008Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output wherein the generator is controlled by the requirements of the prime mover
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/305Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage

Abstract

A kind of switched reluctance machines converter system, when switched reluctance machines are run as generator, first capacitor device can realize the charging to first capacitor device as field power supply, power generating stage, by to first switch tube duty cycle adjustment can flexible modulation generating voltage value, to adapt to needed for system;When as motor running, it can be realized using same set of convertor circuit, also have energy regenerating capability;Total system structure is simple, at low cost, high reliablity, is applicable in middle-size and small-size switch reluctance generator application system and the drive system under various loads.

Description

A kind of switched reluctance machines converter system
Technical field
The present invention relates to switched reluctance motor system fields, and in particular to a kind of Multi-functional low switched reluctance machines change Flow device system and its control method.
Background technique
Switched reluctance machines structure simple rigid, manufacturing cost is cheap, without winding, without permanent magnet on rotor, high reliablity, Wherein a phase winding, which does not work not, influences the normal work of other phase windings, and fault-tolerance is strong, has broad application prospects.
Switched reluctance machines theoretically may act as motor use, can also be used as generator use;As power generation When machine, since direct current transportation in recent years is increasingly subject to the attention of power department, the DC grid of local has just had in some areas Thus blank has also derived more and more load equipments and has directlyed adopt DC power supply power supply, and switch reluctance generator is with regard to straight Connect output direct current.
Switched reluctance machines are generally placed on stator by 3-5 phase winding, according to the phase of salient pole between rotor and groove The phase winding being specifically powered is determined to position;When as generator work, every phase winding is generally divided into excitation and power generation when working In two big stages, the excitation stage is the electric energy storage magnetic energy that motor phase windings absorb external field power supply, subsequent opposite according to rotor Position of stator terminates the excitation stage and enters power generating stage, and the magnetic energy stored in phase winding is converted into power output, when necessary, is becoming One can be added under stream device structure cooperation among excitation and power generating stage without pressure freewheeling period quickly to improve winding current.
The excitation of switch reluctance generator, power generation will be controlled around the operation for the convertor circuit for connecting its winding and be realized, There is no winding convertor circuit, switch reluctance generator is naturally without in all senses;And switched reluctance motor is also to need basis Rotor real time position regulates and controls different phase winding energization excited works, so equally indispensable to current transformer;It is adopted at present certain With in power generation/electronic four-quadrant hybrid system of switched reluctance machines, electric operation current transformer and generator operation current transformer are normal Be often it is separated, respectively use respective converter system, certainly will increase converter system structure complexity and control complexity, Cost is also increased, high reliability, integrated switch reluctance generator/motor converter system is required for industry.
When switched reluctance machines are run as generator, existing converter system, in the excitation stage, field power supply is realized mostly Self-excitation mode, but many novel self-excitation power supply architectures are complex, need to be equipped with special excitation convertor circuit system, with And individual control system, also increase the control complexity of system.
In practice, the DC voltage that switch reluctance generator issues generally requires higher voltage value, takes one except subsequent It sets down measures except boosting, it is of continuing rising after certainly will also increasing if switched reluctance machines current transformer output end DC voltage itself is too low The pressure of pressure, or even what is needed boost, increase system loss.
In middle-size and small-size switched reluctance machines field, in order to improve the adaptability of its system, it is desirable to which its output voltage can spirit The living adjusting that can be convenient according to the needs of output end or variation, that is, become the ability of generating voltage, this ability is simultaneously also very The maximum power output tracing control for being conducive to switch reluctance generator system, because theoretical according to switch reluctance generator, such as Fruit generator speed is influenced and speed change by extraneous input power, then its Based Motional Electromotive Force will change, if at this time generating voltage with With change, to realize the balance of generating voltage and Based Motional Electromotive Force, then power generating stage winding current waveform is relatively steady, not only Be conducive to improve its fan-out capability that generates electricity, and be conducive to reduce the torque pulsation of switch reluctance generator.
Summary of the invention
According to above background technique, present invention proposes a kind of self-excitation by capacitor magnetic, scalabilities by force, modularization, height Output voltage, the small power switch magnetic for controlling flexible, variable power generation voltage, the single current transformer of power generation/electronic four quadrant running Hinder electric system and its control method.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of switched reluctance machines converter system, by first capacitor device, the second capacitor, third capacitor, the 4th electricity Container, the 5th capacitor, first switch tube, second switch, third switching tube, the 4th switching tube, the 5th switching tube, the 6th open Guan Guan, first diode, the second diode, third diode, the 4th diode, the 5th diode, the 6th diode, the seven or two Pole pipe, the 8th diode, the 9th diode, the first phase winding, the second phase winding, third phase winding composition, technical characteristic is, The first capacitor device anode is connect with second capacitor anode, and is opened with the first switch tube anode, the third Close tube anode, the 5th switch tube anode connection, the second capacitor anode and the first diode cathode, the described 4th 2 Pole pipe cathode, the 7th diode cathode connection, first capacitor device cathode and the second switch tube cathode, the described 3rd 2 Pole pipe anode, the 4th switch tube cathode, the 6th diode anode, the 6th the switch tube cathode, the described 9th 2 The connection of pole pipe anode, first diode anode are connect with second diode cathode, the third capacitor anode, and first opens It closes tube cathode to connect with the second diode anode, first phase winding one end, third diode cathode, the first phase winding is another End is connect with third capacitor anode, second switch tube anode, the 4th diode anode and the 5th diode cathode, described The connection of 4th capacitor anode, third switch tube cathode and the 5th diode anode, second phase winding one end, the six or two pole Tube cathode connection, the second phase winding other end are connect with the 4th capacitor anode, the 4th switch tube anode, the 7th diode anode It is connect with the 8th diode cathode, the 5th capacitor anode, the 5th switch tube cathode and the 8th diode anode, institute State third phase winding one end, the connection of the 9th diode cathode, the third phase winding other end and the 5th capacitor anode, the 6th switch Tube anode connection.
A kind of control method of switched reluctance machines converter system of the present invention are as follows:
When being run as switch reluctance generator, according to switch reluctance generator operation logic, when the first phase winding needs When being powered on, controls and runs by following three step:
(1) it controls first switch tube and second switch is closed at conducting, the energy storage of first capacitor device is as excitation electricity It charges to the first phase winding for electrical excitation, while also to third capacitor in source;
(2) according to switch reluctance generator rotor position information, at the end of above (1) step excitation stage needs, and it is divided into A, two kinds of operating modes of b:
A. the first phase winding electric current detected at the end of excitation stage need cannot reach desirable value, turn off first switch Pipe, second switch is held on, into the freewheeling period of the first phase winding, to the first phase winding electric current in defined rotor angle When reaching desirable value before degree position, second switch is turned off, freewheeling period terminates, but in defined rotor angle maximum position When first phase winding electric current cannot still reach desirable value, still off second switch enters power generation rank after terminating freewheeling period Section;
B. the excitation stage need at the end of the first phase winding electric current for detecting have reached desirable value, shutdown first switch tube and Second switch is directly entered power generating stage;
(3) power generating stage is divided into two kinds of operating modes of c, d:
C. keep first switch tube and second switch off-state, the energy storage of the first phase winding and third capacitor via Third diode, first diode power generation output to first capacitor device and the second capacitor and export;
D. holding second switch off-state, closure conducting first switch tube, the first phase winding and third capacitor Energy storage to the second capacitor and is exported via first diode, first switch tube power generation output;
When needing to increase the both end voltage of output end generating voltage i.e. first capacitor device and the second capacitor series arm, The operating mode of (3) step, that is, power generating stage keeps d mode;Otherwise when needing to reduce generating voltage, c mode is kept;But It is that, when minimum value of the energy storage, that is, both end voltage of first capacitor device lower than setting, power generating stage operating mode is only c mould Formula;
When being run as switched reluctance motor, according to switched reluctance motor operation logic, when the first phase winding needs When being powered on, controls and runs by following two step:
(1) first switch tube and second switch closure conducting are controlled simultaneously;
(2) when need to terminate phase winding energization according to rotor position information, first switch tube and second switch are simultaneously switched off Pipe;
The switch reluctance generator and electric motor operation rate-determining steps when work are needed the above are the first phase winding, according to rotor Location information, when the second phase winding, third phase winding need work, job control step is identical as the first phase winding, and specific Each component used in convertor circuit where two-phase winding and third phase winding is corresponding with component used in the first phase winding as above Relationship are as follows: third switching tube and the 5th switching tube correspond to first switch tube, and the 4th switching tube and the 6th switching tube corresponding second are opened Guan Guan, the 4th capacitor and the 5th capacitor correspond to third capacitor, and the 4th diode and the 7th diode pair answer the one or two pole Pipe, the 5th diode and the 8th diode pair answer the second diode, and the 6th diode and the 9th diode pair answer third diode.
Technical effect of the invention mainly has:
(1) converter structure of the invention, field power supply come solely from first capacitor device, and can be in power generating stage reality Existing self-charging, not only structure, which greatly simplifies, reduces hardware and control cost, and intelligence degree height reduces cost of labor.
(2) converter structure of the present invention, each phase winding has a set of unsteady flow module, so scalability is strong, adapts to various The switched reluctance machines (switched reluctance machines that minimum main switch type only adapts to even number phase) of the odd even number of phases.
(3) in convertor circuit third capacitor, the 4th capacitor, the 5th capacitor associated loop configuration, enhance pair The flexibility of output end generating voltage control, auxiliary, which is realized, becomes the problem that generating voltage controls this industry;Meanwhile in certain item Under part, further increasing for output generating voltage is realized, to adapt to subsequent DC load or grid-connected end to the higher of DC voltage The requirement of value.
(4) power generating stage, switch and the duty ratio control of first switch tube, in response to different loads and its variation or input The factors such as power variation, first capacitor device energy storage variation, flexible modulation enhance the adaptability of whole system, flexibility, reliable Property, fault ride-through capacity etc.;Adjusting to generating voltage simultaneously is opened conducive to maximum power output tracking, reduction torque pulsation etc. Close the significant problem of reluctance motor.
(5) same set of converter structure, while can realize carrying control of the switched reluctance machines as motor electric operation System, can four quadrant running regulation, also have energy regenerating capability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show switched reluctance machines converter system structure chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The switched reluctance machines of the present embodiment are three-phase windings, are respectively M/N/P three-phase by the sequence being distributed on stator Winding, every phase winding are made of two branch windings and are symmetrically wound in different stator salient poles, i.e. six salient poles of stator, such as Attached drawing 1 show the main transformer current circuit of the present embodiment three-phase windings switched reluctance machines.
Switched reluctance machines converter system, by first capacitor device C1, the second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3, the 4th Capacitor C4, the 5th capacitor C5, first switch tube V1, second switch V2, third switching tube V3, the 4th switching tube V4, Five switching tube V5, the 6th switching tube V6, first diode D1, the second diode D2, third diode D3, the 4th diode D4, 5th diode D5, the 6th diode D6, the 7th diode D7, the 8th diode D8, the 9th diode D9, the first phase winding M, Second phase winding N, third phase winding P composition, first capacitor device C1 anode is connect with the second capacitor C2 cathode, and is opened with first Close pipe V1 anode, third switching tube V3 anode, the connection of the 5th switching tube V5 anode, the second capacitor C2 anode and first diode D1 cathode, the 4th diode D4 cathode, the connection of the 7th diode D7 cathode, first capacitor device C1 cathode and second switch V2 yin Pole, third diode D3 anode, the 4th switching tube V4 cathode, the 6th diode D6 anode, the 6th switching tube V6 cathode, the 9th 2 The connection of pole pipe D9 anode, first diode D1 anode are connect with the second diode D2 cathode, third capacitor C3 anode, and first opens It closes pipe V1 cathode to connect with the second diode D2 anode, first one end phase winding M, third diode D3 cathode, the first phase winding M The other end is connect with third capacitor C3 cathode, second switch V2 anode, the 4th diode D4 anode and the 5th diode D5 Cathode, the connection of the 4th capacitor C4 anode, third switching tube V3 cathode and the 5th diode D5 anode, second one end phase winding N, The connection of 6th diode D6 cathode, the second phase winding N other end and the 4th capacitor C4 cathode, the 4th switching tube V4 anode connect Connect, the 7th diode D7 anode is connect with the 8th diode D8 cathode, the 5th capacitor C5 anode, the 5th switching tube V5 cathode with 8th diode D8 anode, the one end third phase winding P, the connection of the 9th diode D9 cathode, the third phase winding P other end and the 5th Capacitor C5 cathode, the connection of the 6th switching tube V6 anode.
The control method of the three-phase switch reluctance machine converter system of the present embodiment are as follows:
When being run as switch reluctance generator, according to switch reluctance generator operation logic, when the first phase winding M is needed When being powered on, controls and runs by following three step:
(1) control first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 is closed at conducting, and first capacitor device C1 is as excitation electricity Source first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 to the first phase winding M for electrical excitation, while also via the second diode D2 to Three capacitor C3 charging, first diode D1 and the cut-off of third diode D3 reverse bias;
(2) according to switch reluctance generator rotor position information, at the end of above (1) step excitation stage needs, and it is divided into A, two kinds of operating modes of b, are respectively as follows:
A. the first phase winding M electric current detected at the end of excitation stage need cannot reach desirable value, turn off first switch Pipe V1, second switch V2 are held on, into the freewheeling period of the first phase winding M, i.e. the first phase winding M- second switch The self-closing circuit of V2- third diode D3, since the first phase winding M both end voltage is zero at this time, winding current will be quick Rise, when the first phase winding M electric current reaches desirable value before defined rotor angular position, turns off second switch V2, continue The stream stage terminates;But when in defined rotor angle maximum position, the first phase winding M electric current cannot still reach desirable value, still Second switch V2 is turned off, enters power generating stage after terminating freewheeling period;
B. the first phase winding M electric current detected at the end of excitation stage need has reached desirable value, turns off first switch tube V1 and second switch V2, is directly entered power generating stage, and a operating mode is not present;
(3) power generating stage is divided into two kinds of operating modes of c, d:
C. holding first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 off-state, the first phase winding M and third capacitor C3's Energy storage to first capacitor device C1 and the second capacitor C2 and is exported via third diode D3, first diode D1 power generation output, The cut-off of second diode reverse bias, output end voltage, that is, both ends first capacitor device C1 add the sum of second capacitor C2 both end voltage etc. Add the sum of third capacitor C3 both end voltage in the first both ends phase winding M;
D. second switch V2 off-state, closure conducting first switch tube V1, the first phase winding M and third capacitor are kept The energy storage of device C3 to the second capacitor C2 and exports, the two or two pole via first diode D1, first switch tube V1 power generation output The cut-off of pipe reverse bias, the first both ends phase winding M add the sum of third capacitor C3 both end voltage to be equal to the second capacitor C2 two at this time Voltage is held, comparatively, the output end generating voltage obtained under this mode is greater than the output voltage under c mode;
When the both ends electricity for needing to increase output end generating voltage i.e. first capacitor device C1 and the second capacitor C2 series arm When pressure, the operating mode of (3) step, that is, power generating stage keeps d mode, otherwise when needing to reduce generating voltage, keep c mould Formula, thus, the adjusting to generating voltage can be realized by the adjusting in power generating stage first switch tube V1 duty cycle of switching; But when minimum value of the energy storage, that is, both end voltage of first capacitor device C1 lower than setting, power generating stage operating mode is only c Mode, because first capacitor device C1 cannot be too low as field power supply, in addition, when necessary, when the larger excitation voltage of needs (is strengthened The needs of excitation) when, the power generating stage that is often also maintained under c mode;In addition, according to switch reluctance generator theory, if Generator speed variation, so that the Based Motional Electromotive Force of the first phase winding M changes, in order to maintain generating voltage and Based Motional Electromotive Force Balance is to promote the steady and lower torque pulsation of phase winding electric current and the needs of larger output electric energy, it is also desirable to adjustment in due course The workable proportions of c/d two-mode;In short, the converter structure and control model of the present embodiment can fully meet the multi-party of system Face needs.
When being run as switched reluctance motor, according to switched reluctance motor operation logic, when the first phase winding M is needed When being powered on, controls and runs by following two step:
(1) first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 closure conducting, first diode D1 and the three or two pole are controlled simultaneously The cut-off of pipe D3 reverse bias, although third capacitor C3 is electrically charged via the second diode D2, is also due to the second diode D2 Effect, will not with the first phase winding M generate resonance;
(2) when need to terminate the first phase winding M energization according to rotor position information, first switch tube V1 and second is simultaneously switched off Energy storage in switching tube V2, the first phase winding M feeds back to power supply regenerative, third via first diode D1, third diode D3 Capacitor C3 feedback connected in series, realizes the regeneration of energy storage;
When the present embodiment electric operation, if long-term electric operation, the both ends first capacitor device C1 be connected in parallel battery or Other DC power supply guarantees.
The switch reluctance generator and electric motor operation rate-determining steps when work are needed the above are the first phase winding M, according to turn Sub- location information, when the second phase winding N, third phase winding P need work, job control step is identical as the first phase winding M, tool Each component used in convertor circuit where body the second phase winding N and third phase winding P and component used in the first phase winding M as above Corresponding relationship are as follows: third switching tube V3 and the 5th switching tube V5 corresponds to first switch tube V1, and the 4th switching tube V4 and the 6th is opened It closes pipe V6 and corresponds to second switch V2, the 4th capacitor C4 and the 5th capacitor C5 correspond to third capacitor C3, the 4th diode D4 and the 7th diode D7 corresponds to the corresponding second diode D2 of first diode D1, the 5th diode D5 and the 8th diode D8, 6th diode D6 and the 9th diode D9 correspond to third diode D3.
By structure of the invention and embodiment as it can be seen that when switched reluctance machines are non-three-phase windings structure, current transformer electricity What road only faced is adapted in the modular structural theory all the problem of increasing or decreasing corresponding phase winding unsteady flow branch Number of phases switched reluctance machines, and generate electricity/electronic four quadrant running.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of switched reluctance machines converter system, by first capacitor device, the second capacitor, third capacitor, the 4th capacitor Device, the 5th capacitor, first switch tube, second switch, third switching tube, the 4th switching tube, the 5th switching tube, the 6th switch Pipe, first diode, the second diode, third diode, the 4th diode, the 5th diode, the 6th diode, the seven or two pole Pipe, the 8th diode, the 9th diode, the first phase winding, the second phase winding, third phase winding composition, technical characteristic is institute It states first capacitor device anode to connect with second capacitor anode, and is switched with the first switch tube anode, the third Tube anode, the 5th switch tube anode connection, the second capacitor anode and the first diode cathode, the four or two pole Tube cathode, the 7th diode cathode connection, first capacitor device cathode and the second switch tube cathode, the three or two pole Tube anode, the 4th switch tube cathode, the 6th diode anode, the 6th the switch tube cathode, the 9th 2 pole Tube anode connection, first diode anode are connect with second diode cathode, the third capacitor anode, first switch Tube cathode is connect with the second diode anode, first phase winding one end, third diode cathode, the first phase winding other end It is connect with third capacitor anode, second switch tube anode, the 4th diode anode and the 5th diode cathode, described the The connection of four capacitor anodes, third switch tube cathode and the 5th diode anode, second phase winding one end, the 6th diode Cathode connection, the second phase winding other end and the 4th capacitor anode, the 4th switch tube anode are connect, the 7th diode anode and 8th diode cathode, the 5th capacitor anode connection, it is the 5th switch tube cathode and the 8th diode anode, described Third phase winding one end, the connection of the 9th diode cathode, the third phase winding other end and the 5th capacitor anode, the 6th switching tube Anode connection.
2. a kind of control method of switched reluctance machines converter system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
When being run as switch reluctance generator, according to switch reluctance generator operation logic, when the first phase winding needs to be powered When work, controls and runs by following three step:
(1) first switch tube and second switch are controlled and is closed at conducting, the energy storage of first capacitor device as field power supply to First phase winding charges for electrical excitation, while also to third capacitor;
(2) according to switch reluctance generator rotor position information, at the end of above (1) step excitation stage needs, and it is divided into a, b two Kind operating mode:
A. the first phase winding electric current detected at the end of excitation stage need cannot reach desirable value, turn off first switch tube, the Two switching tubes are held on, into the freewheeling period of the first phase winding, to the first phase winding electric current in defined rotor angle position When reaching desirable value before setting, second switch is turned off, freewheeling period terminates, but in defined rotor angle maximum position first When phase winding electric current cannot still reach desirable value, still off second switch enters power generating stage after terminating freewheeling period;
B. the first phase winding electric current detected at the end of excitation stage need has reached desirable value, turns off first switch tube and second Switching tube is directly entered power generating stage;
(3) power generating stage is divided into two kinds of operating modes of c, d:
C. first switch tube and second switch off-state are kept, the energy storage of the first phase winding and third capacitor is via third Diode, first diode power generation output to first capacitor device and the second capacitor and export;
D. second switch off-state, closure conducting first switch tube, the energy storage of the first phase winding and third capacitor are kept It to the second capacitor and is exported via first diode, first switch tube power generation output;
When needing to increase the both end voltage of output end generating voltage i.e. first capacitor device and the second capacitor series arm, the (3) step, that is, power generating stage operating mode keeps d mode;Otherwise when needing to reduce generating voltage, c mode is kept;But When minimum value of the energy storage, that is, both end voltage of first capacitor device lower than setting, power generating stage operating mode is only c mode;
When being run as switched reluctance motor, according to switched reluctance motor operation logic, when the first phase winding needs to be powered When work, controls and runs by following two step:
(1) first switch tube and second switch closure conducting are controlled simultaneously;
(2) when need to terminate phase winding energization according to rotor position information, first switch tube and second switch are simultaneously switched off;
The switch reluctance generator and electric motor operation rate-determining steps when work are needed the above are the first phase winding, according to rotor-position Information, when the second phase winding, third phase winding need work, job control step is identical as the first phase winding, specific second phase The corresponding relationship of component used in each component used in convertor circuit where winding and third phase winding and the first phase winding as above Are as follows: third switching tube and the 5th switching tube correspond to first switch tube, and the 4th switching tube and the 6th switching tube correspond to second switch, 4th capacitor and the 5th capacitor correspond to third capacitor, and the 4th diode and the 7th diode pair answer first diode, the Five diodes and the 8th diode pair answer the second diode, and the 6th diode and the 9th diode pair answer third diode.
CN201810242687.8A 2018-03-21 2018-03-21 A kind of switched reluctance machines converter system Expired - Fee Related CN108448967B (en)

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