CN108431165B - 可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂 - Google Patents

可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂 Download PDF

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CN108431165B
CN108431165B CN201680074869.8A CN201680074869A CN108431165B CN 108431165 B CN108431165 B CN 108431165B CN 201680074869 A CN201680074869 A CN 201680074869A CN 108431165 B CN108431165 B CN 108431165B
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hot melt
melt adhesive
weight
curable hot
moisture
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CN108431165A (zh
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松田健二
高森爱
田母神刚
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其具有高的初始粘合强度、长的开放时间、优异的涂布性能和降低的拉丝性能。本发明涉及一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其包含:(A)具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物,(B)在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂‑基聚烯烃,和(C)聚酯‑聚醚共聚物。

Description

可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂
根据巴黎公约,本申请要求2015年12月25日提交的日本专利申请号2015-254365的权益,将其全文加入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂及其制备方法。
发明背景
热熔性粘合剂用于各种领域,例如建筑内部材料领域(或者建筑材料领域)和电子材料领域。从不易受外部因素影响并容易长期使用的角度,可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂特别受到关注。
可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的实例包括:包含在末端具有异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物的粘合剂。基底材料和被粘物中至少一种涂布有通常处于受热和熔融状态下的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,将可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂冷却并固化至初始粘合。然后,异氰酸酯基在空气中经水交联,氨基甲酸酯预聚物的分子量通过湿固化而增大,并且粘合性和耐热性等得到改善。
对可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂要求的性能之一是初始粘合强度。增加初始粘合强度的方式包括如下方法:将增粘树脂混入可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂以增加基底材料的初始可湿性,并将热塑性树脂混入可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂以改善初始内聚力。但是,增粘树脂和热塑性树脂不总是与作为可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的主要组分的氨基甲酸酯预聚物具有充分的兼容性。另外,在操作方面存在问题,例如由于可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂从施加至固化的时间间隔(开放时间)太短而难以操作,并且由于粘合剂的粘度太高而难以施加所述粘合剂。
专利文献1和2各自公开了包含氨基甲酸酯预聚物和热塑性树脂的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。专利文献1描述了一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,所述热熔性粘合剂是通过将氨基甲酸酯预聚物加入乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯树脂(乙烯-乙酸酯共聚物)和聚酯醚热塑性树脂中获得的,所述乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯树脂和聚酯醚热塑性树脂是热塑性树脂(第10页,实施例V)。专利文献2也描述了一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,所述热熔性粘合剂是通过将氨基甲酸酯预聚物和高分子MDI加入乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯树脂和聚酯醚热塑性树脂中获得的(权利要求1、权利要求2、第[0024]段)。
然而,专利文献1和2的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的问题在于开放时间太短。通常,粘合剂的开放时间短导致粘合剂早早固化,因此所述粘合剂不适合工人们直接将其施加到具有复杂形状的被粘物上。
专利文献3公开了一种反应性热熔粘合剂(可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂),其含有氨基甲酸酯预聚物和金属茂聚烯烃([权利要求1])。专利文献3的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的问题在于初始粘合强度低,通过添加金属茂聚烯烃,难以将可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂均匀施加到基底材料上。
此外,通常,当将可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂施加到基底材料上时,经常使用辊涂机。可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂粘附到辊涂机上,基底材料经辊涂机流过涂布线。然而,可能会发生所谓的“拉丝”,其中基底材料将可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂以线状从辊涂机拽下。
因此,近年来,需要这样的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其在高的初始粘合强度、长的开放时间、优异的涂布性能和降低的拉丝性能之间具有优异的平衡,迫切需要开发这种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
引用文献列表
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利号3022924
专利文献2:日本专利特开号2014-518916
专利文献3:日本专利特开号2004-10809
发明内容
技术问题
提供本发明以解决上述问题。即,本发明的目的是提供一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其在高的初始粘合强度、长的开放时间、优异的涂布性能和降低的拉丝性能之间具有优异的平衡,并提供了一种其上施加有所述可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的层合物。
解决问题的技术方案
本发明和本发明的优选实施方式如下。
1.可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其包含:
(A)具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物,
(B)在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃,和
(C)聚酯-聚醚共聚物。
2.如上述第1项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其还包含(D)乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物。
3.如上述第1或2项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其还包含(E)α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂。
4.如上述第2或3项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其中所述乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)包含乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
5.如上述第4项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其中在所述乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中,乙酸乙烯酯的含量是20-50重量%。
6.如上述第4或5项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其中所述乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(D)的熔体流动速率是20-200克/10分钟。
7.如上述第3-6项中任一项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,所述热熔性粘合剂包含2-15重量份的金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)。
8.层合物,其包含如上述第1-7项中任一项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
9.制备可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的方法,其包括混合以下物质的步骤:
用于制备(A)具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物的多元醇和异氰酸酯化合物,
(B)金属茂-基聚烯烃,
(C)聚酯-聚醚共聚物,
(D)乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物,和
(E)α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂。
发明的有益效果
本发明的热熔性粘合剂具有高的初始粘合强度、长的开放时间、优异的施加性能和降低的拉丝性能,因此可以施加到各种基底材料上,并可以获得有效的层合物产品。
具体实施方式
首先,给出本文使用的技术术语的描述。
“开放时间”是指从用熔融的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂涂布被粘物到粘合剂的流动性丧失并且粘合剂不能湿润被粘物表面为止的时间。
“初始粘合强度”是指在可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂熔融并施加到被粘物之后,当所述粘合剂的温度降低并且所述粘合剂固化时的粘合强度。初始粘合强度受可湿性和内聚力的影响。优选高的初始粘合强度。
“可湿性”可通过使受热且熔融的粘合剂与基底材料(固体)接触并测量熔融的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的末端与基底材料的接触面构成的角度(α)来确定。α越小,可湿性越高并且容易粘合。
“内聚力”是指在采用涂布机施加受热且熔融的粘合剂之后,在冷却过程中,由于可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中分子之间的相互作用而产生的力。
接下来,给出对本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的描述。本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂包含(A)具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物、(B)在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃和(C)聚酯-聚醚共聚物。在本说明书中,可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂也简称为“热熔性粘合剂”。
下面描述本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中包含的各组分。
<(A)具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物>
本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂包含(A)具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物(也称为“组分(A)”)。正如本文使用的,具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物通常是指解释为“氨基甲酸酯预聚物”的那些,对其没有特别的限制,只要它具有末端异氰酸酯基并且可以获得目标可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂即可。这些氨基甲酸酯预聚物可以通过按照已知方法使多元醇与异氰酸酯化合物反应获得。
对本文使用的“多元醇”没有限制,只要可以获得目标氨基甲酸酯预聚物即可,并且可以使用通常产生聚氨酯的已知多元醇。优选具有1-3个官能团的多元醇,特别是双官能多元醇,更优选所谓的聚己二酸丁二醇酯。多元醇可以单独使用,或者两种或更多种多元醇可以组合使用。多元醇的实例包括具有低分子量的二醇,例如乙二醇、1-甲基乙二醇、1-乙基乙二醇、丙二醇、和丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇、辛二醇、壬二醇、癸二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、环己烷二甲醇和2,4-二甲基-1,5-戊二醇。优选选自乙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、辛二醇和癸二醇中的至少一种。这些二醇可以单独使用或者组合使用。
本发明中的“多元醇”的实例还包括聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇。
聚醚多元醇的实例包括聚氧四亚甲基二醇(PTMG)、聚氧丙二醇(PPG)和聚氧乙二醇(PEG)。作为聚醚多元醇,尤其优选聚氧丙二醇。
本发明的聚酯多元醇的实例包括芳香族聚酯多元醇和脂肪族聚酯多元醇。
芳香族聚酯多元醇优选通过使芳香族羧酸与二醇反应获得。芳香族聚羧酸(polycarboxylic acid)的实例包括邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和六氢间苯二甲酸。它们可以单独使用或者两种或更多种组合使用。芳香族聚酯多元醇的实例包括各自具有末端OH基的聚亚烷基邻苯二甲酸酯、聚亚烷基间苯二甲酸酯和聚亚烷基对苯二甲酸酯。作为芳香族聚酯多元醇,尤其优选具有末端OH基的聚亚烷基邻苯二甲酸酯。
脂肪族聚酯多元醇优选通过使脂肪族羧酸与二醇反应获得。脂肪族羧酸的实例包括己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸和十亚甲基二羧酸。它们可以单独使用或者两种或更多种组合使用。脂肪族聚酯多元醇的实例包括各自具有末端OH基的聚六亚甲基己二酸酯(PHMA)和聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)。作为脂肪族聚酯多元醇,尤其优选具有末端OH基的聚六亚甲基己二酸酯。
在本发明中,多元醇的尤其优选的实施方式的实例包括聚氧四亚甲基二醇、聚氧丙二醇、具有末端OH基的聚亚烷基邻苯二甲酸酯和具有末端OH基的聚六亚甲基己二酸酯。它们可以单独使用或者两种或更多种组合使用。
对多元醇的数均分子量没有特别的限制,但是优选是1,000-4,000。这里,在本说明书中,重均分子量或数均分子量是通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定的,其中使用校准曲线,用单分散分子量聚苯乙烯作为标准物质来转换分子量。
对本发明的异氰酸酯化合物没有特别的限制,只要可以获得目标氨基甲酸酯预聚物即可,可以使用在常规制备聚氨酯时使用的异氰酸酯化合物。异氰酸酯化合物优选每个分子平均具有1-3个异氰酸酯基,尤其优选为双官能异氰酸酯化合物,所谓的二异氰酸酯化合物。异氰酸酯化合物可以单独使用,或者两种或更多种异氰酸酯化合物可以组合使用。
“异氰酸酯化合物”的实例包括乙烯二异氰酸酯、亚乙基二异氰酸酯、亚丙基二异氰酸酯、亚丁基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、亚环戊基-1,3-二异氰酸酯、亚环己基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、亚环己基-1,2-二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,2’-二苯基丙烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、间苯二异氰酸酯、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚萘基二异氰酸酯,1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯、二苯基-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、偶氮苯-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二苯砜-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二氯六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、亚糠基二异氰酸酯和1-氯苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯等。这些异氰酸酯化合物可以单独使用或者组合使用。
在制备本发明的“氨基甲酸酯预聚物”时,可以使用一元醇和单异氰酸酯,也可以使用三官能多元醇和三官能异氰酸酯,只要能够得到目标氨基甲酸酯预聚物即可。然而,优选至少使用双官能多元醇(二醇)和双官能异氰酸酯(二异氰酸酯)来制备。从控制可以获得的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的热稳定性和制备方法(及其制备工艺)的角度,更优选“氨基甲酸酯预聚物”是通过使双官能多元醇与双官能异氰酸酯化合物反应制得的。
为了制备具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物(A),将多元醇和异氰酸酯化合物混合,使得NCO基团与OH基团(NCO/OH)的摩尔比的下限优选是1.3或更大,更优选2或更大,且所述摩尔比的上限优选是3或更低。此外,基于1mol的双官能多元醇,优选使用约2mol(约1.8mol-2.3mol)的双官能异氰酸酯,这是由于可以相对容易地制得目标氨基甲酸酯预聚物。
<(B)在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃>
在本发明中,可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂包含(B)在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃(也称为“组分(B)"或简称为“金属茂-基聚烯烃”)。
这里,“金属茂-基聚烯烃”定义为在金属茂催化剂的存在下,通过烯烃的聚合获得的聚合物。金属茂-基聚烯烃在分子中包含得自金属茂催化剂的化学结构。“得自金属茂催化剂的化学结构”的一个方面包括下式(I)代表的金属茂催化剂本身或者式(I)的衍生物。
[化学式1]
Figure BDA0001701082180000081
其中在式(I)中,M代表金属或者与卤原子等相连的金属。
金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)在170℃的温度下的粘度优选是10,000mPa·s或更低,更优选1,000-10,000mPa·s,进一步优选2,000-8,000mPa·s。金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)在170℃的温度下的粘度是用Brookfield RVT型粘度计(27号转子)测量的。当可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂包含粘度在上述范围内的金属茂-基聚烯烃时,可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的粘度降低,拉丝的发生减少并且开放时间变长。
通过使用金属茂催化剂来使烯烃聚合,合成具有(i)结晶和(ii)非常窄的分子量分布的金属茂-基聚烯烃。
上面(i)是指可以任意控制全部的全同立构规整度和间同立构规整度。因此,在获得的聚合物中,在聚合物的结晶度、立构规整度和甲基含量等方面不存在不匀性,因此,造成粘合性降低的低结晶位点更不可能发生。
对于上面(ii),通过多分散性(Mw/Mn)表示的金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)的分子量分布的程度优选是1.0-3.5。包含多分散性为1.0-3.5的聚烯烃的热熔性粘合剂具有优异的粘合强度。分子量分布是指合成的聚合物的分子量分布,它是由重均分子量(Mw)与数均分子量(Mn)的比值表示的(即,多分散性:Mw/Mn)。在本发明中,分子量分布的测量是通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)进行的。
在本发明中,金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)可以是均聚物或共聚物。
均聚物的实例包括聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
在本说明书中,共聚物是指乙烯与其它一种或多种可以与乙烯共聚合的可共聚单体的共聚物。可共聚单体的实例包括α-烯烃,如丙烯、1-辛烯、1-丁烯;具有烯键式双键的羧酸(酯),如乙酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、马来酸和马来酸酯;和具有烯键式双键的羧酸酐,如马来酸酐和邻苯二甲酸酐。这些可共聚单体可以单个地与乙烯共聚合,或者两种或更多种可共聚单体组合地与乙烯共聚合。即,在本发明中,金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)的实例包括均聚物,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,和乙烯共聚物,如乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物、乙烯/具有烯键式双键的羧酸的共聚物、乙烯/具有烯键式双键的羧酸酯的共聚物,和乙烯/具有烯键式双键的羧酸酐的共聚物。正如这里使用的,“(甲基)丙烯酸”总起来说是指丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸二者,并且“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”总起来说是指丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯二者。
乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物的实例包括乙烯/丙烯共聚物、乙烯/1-辛烯共聚物、乙烯/1-丁烯共聚物,和乙烯/丙烯/1-丁烯共聚物。
在本发明中,作为金属茂-基聚烯烃(B),优选基于聚乙烯、和聚丙烯等的聚合物,尤其优选乙烯/丙烯共聚物。在本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中,当金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)是在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的乙烯/丙烯共聚物时,可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂在长的开放时间、涂布性能和降低的拉丝性能方面特别优异。
<(C)聚酯-聚醚共聚物>
可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂包含(C)聚酯-聚醚共聚物(也称为“组分(C)”)。在可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中使用组分(C)改善了初始粘合强度。
聚酯-聚醚共聚物(C)优选是具有硬链段和软链段的热塑性弹性体。例如,优选实例包括具有芳香族聚酯作为硬链段并且具有脂肪族聚醚作为软链段的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物。这里,硬链段优选是通过芳香族二羧酸与亚烷基二醇的缩聚反应获得的聚酯。聚酯的具体实例包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,优选包含聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。而且,用作聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的软链段的聚亚烷基醚二醇的实例包括聚乙二醇、聚1,2亚丙基醚二醇和聚1,3-亚丙基醚二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、聚六亚甲基醚二醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段或无规共聚物、以及环氧乙烷和四氢呋喃的嵌段或无规共聚物。其中,尤其优选聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚四亚甲基二醇的嵌段共聚物。
当聚酯-聚醚共聚物(C)是具有得自聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的化学结构的共聚物时,本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂具有优异的初始粘合强度。
在聚酯-聚醚共聚物(C)的一个实施方式中,优选具有得自聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的化学结构的共聚物,例如,尤其优选具有下式(II)和下式(III)的化学结构的共聚物。
Figure BDA0001701082180000111
在式(II)中,n代表整数,优选20-1,000。
Figure BDA0001701082180000112
在式(III)中,p、q和m均为整数,它们彼此可以相同或者不同。p优选是2-5的整数,q优选是2-200的整数,m优选是1-200的整数。
具有式(II)和式(III)的结构的共聚物的实例包括由Toray-DuPont制备的Hytrel(注册商标)。
尽管对聚酯-聚醚共聚物(C)的熔融粘度(熔体流动速率(MFR))没有特别限制,但是优选约2-20克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg)。
作为用于本发明的聚酯-聚醚共聚物(C),可以使用市售可得的产品。市售可得的产品的实例包括由Toray-DuPont制备的“Hytrel”(注册商标)、由Toyobo Co.,Ltd.制备的“PELPRENE”(注册商标)、由Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation制备的“Primalloy”(注册商标)、和由Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd制备的“Polyester”(注册商标)。具体实例可以包括Hytrel G3548L、3046、4057、4047、4767、5557、6347、7247、2571、2751、5557M、6347M、7247M、4275BK、7247R09和7237F等(由Toray-DuPont制备)、PELPRENE40H、P40B、P30B、P40BU、P40U、P48U、P55U、P55B、P90BD、P80C、S1002、S2002、S3002、S6002和S9002等(由Toyobo Co.,Ltd.制备)、Primalloy A1500N、A1600N、A1700N、A1800N、A1900N、A1606C、A1706C、A1602N、A1704N、A1610N、A1710N、B1902N、B1900N、B1903N、B1910N、B1920N、B1922N、B1932N、B1942N、B1600N、B1700N、B1800N和B1921N等(由Mitsubishi ChemicalCorporation制备)、聚酯SP-154、SP-160、SP-176、SP-165、SP-170、SP-185、WR-901、WR-905、WR-960、TP-220、TP-217、TP-290、TP-249、LP-033、LP-011、LP-035、LP-050、TP-235、TP-293、TP-219(由Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.制备)。
<(D)乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物>
在本发明中,可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂优选包含乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)(也称为“组分(D)”)。在可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中使用组分(D)改善了与木质材料和PET薄膜的粘合性。正如本文使用的,落入组分(B)范围内的化合物不应被组分(D)包含。
对本发明中的“乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)”没有特别的限制,只要它不影响目标可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的性能即可。“乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)”通常是通过使乙烯与羧酸酯聚合制得的。
作为组分(D)的材料的“羧酸酯”的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸仲丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸和乙酸乙烯酯。这些羧酸酯可以单独使用或者组合使用。
考虑到构成本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的各组分的兼容性、初始粘合强度、以及与木质材料和PET薄膜的粘合性,乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物尤其优选包括乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
在乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中,乙酸乙烯酯的含量优选是20重量%或更多,更优选20-50重量%。当乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中乙酸乙烯酯的含量在上述范围内时,本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂在组分(A)至(C)之间的兼容性优异,并且因初始内聚力得到改善,初始粘合性能也优异。
乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的熔体流动速率(MFR)优选是20克/10分钟或更大(190℃,2.16kg),更优选20-200克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg),再次优选30-100克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg)。当乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的熔体流动速率在上述范围内时,初始粘合强度以及与木材或PET薄膜的粘合性得到改善。在本说明书中,“熔体流动速率”是指显示树脂流动性的指标,它是通过以下方式计算的:在特定温度(190℃)下,在用加热器加热的圆柱形容器中,对一定量的合成树脂加热/加压,并测量每10分钟从容器底部安装的开口(喷嘴)推出的树脂的量。使用的单位是克/10分钟。就测试机器而言,使用JIS K6769规定的挤出型塑料计量器(plast meter)。使用JIS K7210表示的测量法进行测量。
<(E)α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂>
本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂包含(E)α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂(也称为“组分(E)”)。作为α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂(E),可以使用α-甲基苯乙烯聚合物或苯乙烯/α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物。
作为本发明的实施方式,α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂(E)优选是苯乙烯/α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物,尤其优选α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂(E)的软化点为75-150℃(通过JIS K2207中所述的环球法测量)。市售可得产品的实例具体包括Eastman Chemical Co.制备的Kristalex3085(商品名)、Kristalex 3100(商品名)、Kristalex 1120(商品名)和Kristalex 5140(商品名);和Mitsui Chemicals,Inc.制备的FTR-2120(商品名)。
通过在本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中包含α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂(E),初始粘合性没有降低,拉丝没有发生,并且涂布性能变优异,因此在性能平衡方面优异。
在本发明的热熔性粘合剂中,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,组分(A)的含量优选是20-50重量份,更优选30-40重量份。
在本发明的热熔性粘合剂中,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,组分(B)的含量优选是2-15重量份,更优选4-12重量份。
在本发明的热熔性粘合剂中,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,组分(C)的含量优选是2-20重量份,更优选5-15重量份。
在本发明的热熔性粘合剂中,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,组分(D)的含量优选是0-20重量份,更优选4-12重量份。
在本发明的热熔性粘合剂中,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,组分(E)的含量优选是0-60重量份,更优选35-55重量份。
本发明的热熔性粘合剂还可以包含增粘性树脂。对“增粘性树脂”没有特别的限制,只要其通常用于热熔性粘合剂中并提供本发明的目标热熔性粘合剂即可。
增粘性树脂的实例可以包括天然松香、改性松香、氢化松香、天然松香的甘油酯、改性松香的甘油酯、天然松香的季戊四醇酯、改性松香的季戊四醇酯、氢化松香的季戊四醇酯、天然萜烯的共聚物、天然萜烯的三维聚合物、氢化萜烯的共聚物的氢化衍生物、多萜树脂、基于酚的改性萜烯树脂的氢化衍生物、脂肪族石油烃树脂、脂肪族石油烃树脂的氢化衍生物、芳香族石油烃树脂、芳香族石油烃树脂的氢化衍生物、环状脂肪族石油烃树脂和环状脂肪族石油烃树脂的氢化衍生物。这些增粘性树脂可以单独使用或组合使用。对于增粘性树脂,也可以使用液体型增粘性树脂,只要它们具有无色至淡黄色的色调、基本上没有气味并且具有良好的热稳定性即可。综合考虑这些性质,优选树脂的氢化衍生物等作为增粘性树脂。
作为增粘性树脂,可以使用市售产品。这样的市售产品的实例包括MaruzenPetrochemical Co.,Ltd.制备的MARUKACLEAR H(商品名);YASUHARA CHEMICAL Co.制备的Clearon K100(商品名)、Clearon K4090(商品名)和Clearon K4100(商品名);ArakawaChemical Industries,Ltd.制备的ARKON M100(商品名);Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd.制备的I-marv S110(商品名);由Tonen General Sekiyu K.K制备的T-REZ HA103(商品名)、T-REZ HA125(商品名)、T-REZ HC103(商品名);Eastman Chemical Company制备的RegaliteR7100(商品名)。这些市售增粘性树脂可以单独或组合使用。
根据需要,本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂可以含有其它添加剂。对“添加剂”没有特别的限制,只要它们通常用于可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂中并可获得本发明的目标可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂即可。这些添加剂的实例包括增塑剂、抗氧化剂、颜料、光稳定剂、阻燃剂、催化剂和蜡等。
“增塑剂”的实例包括邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二辛酯和溶剂油等。
“抗氧化剂”的实例包括酚-基抗氧化剂、亚磷酸酯-基抗氧化剂、硫醚-基抗氧化剂和胺-基抗氧化剂等。
“颜料”的实例包括钛氧化物和碳黑等。
“光稳定剂”的实例包括苯丙三唑、受阻胺、苯甲酸酯和苯并三唑等。
“阻燃剂”的实例包括卤素-基阻燃剂、磷-基阻燃剂、锑-基阻燃剂和金属氢氧化物-基阻燃剂等。
“催化剂”的实例包括金属-基催化剂,如锡-基催化剂(月桂酸三甲基锡、氢氧化三甲基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡以及马来酸二丁基锡等)、铅-基催化剂(油酸铅、环烷酸铅以及辛酸铅等)、以及其他金属-基催化剂(环烷酸金属盐类如环烷酸钴)以及胺-基催化剂如三乙二胺、四甲基乙二胺、四甲基己二胺、二氮杂双环烯烃和二烷基氨基烷基胺等。
“蜡”的实例包括蜡类,例如石蜡以及微晶蜡。
在本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的制备方法中,对各组分的混合顺序和混合方法等没有特别的限制,只要所述方法包括混合各组分和一种或多种添加剂(需要的话)的步骤即可。用于获得具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物(A)(组分(A))的多元醇和异氰酸酯化合物中的一种或两种、以及其它组分(B)和(C)可以同时混合;或者在通过多元醇与异氰酸酯化合物反应制备具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物之后,可以将所得物与其它组分混合。例如,在制备包含具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物(A)、金属茂-基聚烯烃(B)、聚酯-聚醚共聚物(C)、乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)和α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂(E)的热熔性粘合剂的情况下,仅需要混合多元醇、异氰酸酯化合物、组分(B)、组分(C)、组分(D)和组分(E)。在一个实施方式中,可以在混合多元醇、组分(B)、组分(C)、组分(D)和组分(E)之后,将混合物与异氰酸酯化合物混合。而且,如果需要的话,可以混合其它添加剂如催化剂。
可以通过加热、熔融和混合各组分来制备本发明的热熔性粘合剂。例如,将上述组分倒入配备有搅拌器的熔融混合器中,加热并混合,以制备热熔性粘合剂。
以这种方式获得的本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂是反应性热熔粘合剂,其在室温下为固体,并且可以反应性热熔粘合剂的已知方法使用本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。一般说来,通过加热或熔融使用可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
<层合物>
本发明的层合物包含上述可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。层合物是通过将“被粘物”层合在“基底材料”的表面上制得的。当制备层合物时,可以将可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂施加到基底材料侧和/或被粘物侧。这里,被粘物和基底材料的材料和它们的形状各自可以相同或者不同。
对“基底材料”没有特别限制,但其实例如下:
木质材料,例如胶合板(例如,柳安木胶合板)、中密度纤维板(MDF)、刨花板、实木(或天然木)和木质纤维板;
无机材料,例如水泥板、石膏粉饰板以及蒸压轻质混凝土(ALC);
塑料材料,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
尽管对“基底材料”的形式没有特别的限制,但是其可以是模制树脂类、薄膜类或片材类。
“被粘物”可以是通常用作被粘物的那些,其实例包括但不限于,薄膜和片材等。
薄膜可以为无色或有色的,或者为透明或不透明的,其实例包括由聚烯烃树脂、聚酯树脂、乙酸酯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂和氯乙烯树脂等制成的薄膜。聚烯烃树脂的实例包括聚乙烯以及聚丙烯,聚酯树脂的实例包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
被粘物可以是装饰片材。装饰片材的实例如下。
塑料材料制成的片材,例如刚性或半刚性的氯乙烯树脂、聚烯烃树脂以及聚酯树脂;
通过将木材切割成片材获得的板;以及
用于各种装饰印刷的装饰纸。
本发明的层合物可以具体地应用在各种领域中,例如建筑材料、家具、电子材料以及汽车。
不需使用特别的装置来生产层合物,可以通过使用通常已知的制备装置来制作层合物,通常已知的制备装置包括传输机、涂布机、加压机、加热器以及切割器。
例如,可以通过以下流程制备层合物。在使基底材料和被粘物在传输机上移动时,使用涂布机在基底材料或被粘物上涂布本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。通过加热器将涂布温度控制在预定的温度。通过使用加压机将被粘物轻压至基底材料,经由可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂将被粘物与基底材料彼此层合在一起。然后,将层合的被粘物和基底材料静置冷却,经由传输机将它们按原样移动,从而使可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂固化。然后,通过切割器将层合有被粘物的基底材料切割成适当尺寸。
由于本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂具有高的初始粘合强度、长的开放时间、优异的涂布性能和降低的拉丝性能,因此可以有效地制备这些层合物并且它们各种性能优异。
实施例
下面使用实施例和对比例描述本发明。这些实施例仅仅是解释说明的目的,不意味着限制本发明。
下面描述用于制备热熔性粘合剂的组分。
(A)制备具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物的材料
<多元醇组分>
(A1)由Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation制备的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMG2000(商品名),分子量:2000,羟值:53-59(mgKOH/g))
(A2)由Evonik,Inc.制备的聚酯多元醇(Dynacoll7380(商品名),熔点:70℃,羟值:27-34(mgKOH/g))
(A3)由Hokoku Corporation制备的聚酯多元醇(HS 2H-350S(商品名),熔点:65℃,羟值:27-34(mgKOH/g))
(A4)由Hokoku Corporation制备的聚酯多元醇(HS 2H-359T(商品名),熔点:110℃,羟值:27-34(mgKOH/g))
<异氰酸酯组分>
(A5)4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(由Tosoh Corporation制备的Millionate MT(商品名))
(B)在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃
(B1)金属茂-基乙烯/丙烯共聚物(由Clariant corporation制备的LicocenePP2602(商品名),170℃的粘度:8000mPa·s)
(B2)金属茂-基乙烯/丙烯共聚物(由Clariant corporation制备的LicocenePP1602(商品名),170℃的粘度:7000mPa·s)
(B3)金属茂-基聚乙烯(由Clariant corporation制备的Licocene PE4201(商品名),170℃的粘度:60mPa·s)
(B’4)金属茂-基乙烯共聚物(由Japan Polyethene Corporation制备的KERNELKJ-640T(商品名),170℃的粘度:400000mPa·s)
(B’5)非-金属茂-基聚丙烯(由Mitsui Chemicals,Inc.制备的HI-WAX NP105(商品名),170℃的粘度:180mPa·s)
这里,(B'4)和(B'5)的粘度是实际测量的值。这些粘度是通过与后面所述的用于测量热熔性粘合剂的粘度的相同方法测量的。其它物质的粘度参见生产商公开的信息。
(C)聚酯-聚醚共聚物
(C1)聚酯-聚醚共聚物(由Toray-DuPont制备的Hytrel 3078(商品名),MFR:5克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(C2)聚酯-聚醚共聚物(由Toray-DuPont制备的Hytrel 3100(商品名),MFR:14克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(C3)聚酯-聚醚共聚物(由Toray-DuPont制备的Hytrel 4056(商品名),MFR:5.6克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(D)乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物
(D1)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(由Tosoh Corporation制备的Ultrathene 760(商品名)),VA含量:42%,MFR:70克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(D2)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(由Mitsui Dupont制备的Evaflex EV45X(商品名),VA含量:46%,MFR:100克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(D3)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(由Tosoh Corporation制备的Ultrathene 720(商品名)),VA含量:28%,MFR:150克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(D4)乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(由The Dow Chemical Company制备的NUC-6570(商品名),EA含量:25%,MFR:20克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
(D5)乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(ACRIFT CM5021(商品名),MMA含量:28%,MFR:450克/10分钟(190℃,2.16kg))
这里,上面的缩写是指如下意思。
VA:乙酸乙烯酯
EA:丙烯酸乙酯
MMA:甲基丙烯酸甲酯
MFR:熔体流动速率
(E)α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂
(E1)α-甲基苯乙烯(由Eastman Chemical Co.制备的Kristalex3100(商品名),软化点:100℃)
(E2)α-甲基苯乙烯(由Eastman Chemical Co.制备的Kristalex3085(商品名),软化点:85℃)
(E3)α-甲基苯乙烯(由Mitsui Chemicals,Inc.制备的FTR2140(商品名),软化点:137℃)
(E4)α-甲基苯乙烯(由Eastman Chemical Co.制备的Endex155(商品名),软化点:153℃)
(F)其它添加剂
(F1)增粘剂(C9树脂(由Rutgers Novares GmbH.制备的Novares TN150(商品名),软化点:150℃)
(F2)酚基抗氧化剂(由Adeka Co.,Ltd.制备的AO-60(商品名))
(F3)荧光增白剂(由BASF制备的Tinopal OB(商品名))
(F4)钛氧化物(由Tayca Corporation制备的JR-405(商品名))
<可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的制备>
以表1和表2中所示的组成将这些组分混合,从而制备可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
(实施例1)
在约182℃,使用通用搅拌器将组分(C1)、(E1)、(F2)和(F4)熔化并混合约1小时,制得母料。将该母料、为多元醇组分的(A1)和(A2)、(B1)、(D1)和(F3)加入反应容器中。将容器内的添加剂在150℃预热1小时,然后在相同温度下减压搅拌1小时。确认将水从添加剂中除去,并且将它们充分捏合之后,加入(A5),并将这些添加剂在相同温度下减压搅拌1小时。然后,再加入0.05重量份的二吗啉基二乙基醚(由San-Apro Ltd.制备的U-CAT 660M(商品名))作为催化剂,并在减压下降这些添加剂搅拌30分钟,获得可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
各组分的混合(添加)量示于表1,表1的数值是转化的固体值,不包含水,有关混合量的数值的单位是“重量份”。此外,在该表中,“NCO/OH”代表组分(A)中NCO基团与OH基团的摩尔比。
(实施例2-11和对比例1-4)
如表1或表2所示混合各组分,通过与实施例1相同的方法制备可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
对实施例和对比例的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,通过以下方法评价粘度、蠕变(初始粘合性)、开放时间、涂布性能和拉丝性能。
<粘度测量>
根据JAI7-1991,B法,在170℃评价各可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的粘度。为了测量,使用Brookfield粘度计和27号转子。
<蠕变测量>
涂布热熔性粘合剂以在两个PET薄膜(50μm)之间形成50±5μm的粘合层,然后将这些层合的PET薄膜切成25mm的宽度并作为试验片提供。手工剥离试验片的末端,提供剥离部分作为标签。将试验片在40℃的恒温浴中预热1分钟,然后将试验片的一个标签固定在恒温浴的上面部分,将245g砝码挂在试验片的另一个标签上,开始测量。开始测量之后的5分钟和10分钟,测定蠕变距离。为了评价反应之前的初始粘合强度,在5分钟内进行从涂布到开始测量的一系列操作。在每个实施例和对比例中,蠕变期间层合薄膜的剥离状态是热熔性粘合剂的内聚破坏。评价标准如下所示。
<蠕变的评价(开始测量之后10分钟的蠕变)>
○○:蠕变距离小于0.5cm。
○:蠕变距离为0.5cm或更大且小于1.0cm。
△:蠕变距离为1.0cm或更大且小于1.5cm。
×:蠕变距离为1.5cm或更大。
<开放时间的评价>
将刨花板(10.0cm×10.0cm×1.5cm)放置在恒温箱中,并在25℃静置12小时或更长时间以使温度恒定,提供该刨花板作为试验材料。在170℃,用实施例和对比例的各热熔性粘合剂涂布为试验材料的刨花板,并通过辊涂机调整,使得厚度为70±10μm。调整粘合层的厚度之后,通过每30秒指压一次,将小片胶合板(1.5cm×5.0cm)粘附到刨花板上。通过胶合板是否粘附来评价开放时间。评价标准如下所示。
○:在涂布之后,胶合板粘附甚至180秒或更长。
△:在涂布之后,胶合板粘附高达120秒和150秒,但是在涂布之后,胶合板不能粘附180秒或更长时间。
×:在涂布之后,胶合板粘附仅粘附90秒或更短。
<涂布性能和拉丝性能的评价>
将刨花板(10.0cm×10.0cm×1.5cm)放置在恒温箱中,并在25℃静置12小时或更长时间以使温度恒定,提供该刨花板作为试验材料。在170℃,用实施例和对比例的各热熔性粘合剂涂布为试验材料的刨花板,并通过辊涂机调整,使得厚度为70±10μm。在该操作中,肉眼评价可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的涂布性能和拉丝性能。评价标准如下所示。
<施加性能的评价>
○:刨花板均匀涂布。
△:热熔性粘合剂轻微留在涂布方向的背面和刨花板的边缘。
×:热熔性粘合剂明显留在涂布方向的背面和刨花板的边缘。
<拉丝性能的评价>
○:未观察到拉丝。
△:略微观察到拉丝,但是拉丝容易破裂。
×:观察到拉丝,并且当从生产线上拿起基底材料时,拉丝仍然附着在基底材料上并且不易破裂。
[表1]
Figure BDA0001701082180000251
[表2]
Figure BDA0001701082180000261
如表1所示,由于实施例的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂含有组分(A)-(C),因此初始粘合强度(蠕变)、开放时间、涂布性能和拉丝性能优异并且具有良好的平衡。另一方面,如表2所示,由于对比例的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂不含根据本发明的组分(B)或(C),初始粘合强度(初始内聚力)、开放时间、涂布性能和拉丝性能中的任一项都比实施例的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的相应性能差。
工业实用性
本发明提供了一种可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。本发明的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂可用于建筑材料的外部材料和内部材料、地板、以及装饰片材与基底材料的粘合和轮廓包覆等。

Claims (5)

1.可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,所述热熔性粘合剂包含:
(A)20-50重量份的具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物,
(B)2-15重量份的在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃,
(C)2-20重量份的聚酯-聚醚共聚物,
(D)4-20重量份的乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物,所述乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)是乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,和
(E)35-60重量份的α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂。
2.如权利要求1所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其中在所述乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中,乙酸乙烯酯的含量是20-50重量%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂,其中所述乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(D)的熔体流动速率是20-200克/10分钟,所述熔体流动速率是通过以下方式计算的:在190℃、2.16kg的条件,在用加热器加热的圆柱形容器中,对一定量的合成树脂加热加压,并测量每10分钟从容器底部安装的开口推出的树脂的量。
4.层合物,其包含如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂。
5.制备可湿固化的热熔性粘合剂的方法,基于100重量份的组分(A)-(E)的总重量,所述方法包括混合以下物质的步骤:
用于制备(A)20-50重量份的具有末端异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物的多元醇和异氰酸酯化合物,
(B)2-15重量份的在170℃的温度下粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低的金属茂-基聚烯烃,
(C)2-20重量份的聚酯-聚醚共聚物,
(D)4-20重量份的乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物,所述乙烯/羧酸酯共聚物(D)是乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,和
(E)35-60重量份的α-甲基苯乙烯-基树脂。
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