CN108428489B - 用于生产x射线散射辐射栅格的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于生产X射线散射辐射栅格(1)的方法,其中通过基体(4)挤压吸收X射线辐射的第一材料(3),使得形成具有通道(6)的X射线散射辐射栅格(1)作为挤出物,X射线辐射可透过通道(6)。本发明的优点在于可以以高精度和低成本的方式生产X射线散射辐射栅格。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于生产X射线散射辐射栅格的方法。
背景技术
在X射线成像期间,对X射线记录的图像质量有很高的要求。对于这种类型的记录,特别是对于在医学X射线诊断中执行的这种类型的记录,待检查对象被X射线辐射辐照,X射线辐射来自近似于呈点状的X射线源。X射线辐射在与X射线源相对的对象的一侧上的衰减分布在二维中被捕获。例如在计算机断层摄影系统中,被对象衰减的X射线辐射也可以被逐行捕获。
除了X射线膜检测器和气体检测器之外,平板检测器正在越来越多地用作X射线检测器,并且通常具有呈矩阵形布置的光电半导体部件作为光电接收器。在理想情况下,X射线记录的每个像素应当对应于X射线辐射在一个直线轴上的通过该对象的衰减,所述直线轴为从点状X射线源到检测器表面上的对应于该像素的位置的直线轴线。在该轴上来自点状X射线源的沿直线撞击X射线检测器的X射线被称为主射线。
然而,从X射线源发射的X射线辐射由于不可避免的相互作用而在对象中被散射,使得除了主射线之外,被称为二次射线的散射射线也撞击检测器。这些散射射线根据对象特性而可能在诊断图像中导致X射线检测器的整个信号调制的90%以上,这些散射射线表示噪声源,并且使得对比度上的细微差别更难以识别。
因此为了减少撞击检测器的散射辐射的比例,在对象和检测器之间插入所谓的散射辐射栅格。散射辐射栅格包含规则布置的、吸收X射线辐射的结构,在这些结构之间形成通道或通槽,使主辐射以尽可能少的衰减通过。在聚焦散射辐射栅格的情况下,这些通道或通槽根据与点状X射线源的距离(即与X射线管的焦点的距离)而朝着焦点对齐。在非聚焦散射辐射栅格的情况下,通道或通槽在散射辐射栅格的整个表面上垂直于散射辐射栅格的表面对齐。然而,这导致图像记录的边缘处的主辐射的显著损失,因为在这些点处,入射的主辐射的更大部分撞击散射辐射栅格的吸收区域。
为了获得较高的图像质量,对X射线散射辐射栅格的特性有非常高的要求。一方面,散射射线应当被吸收得尽可能多,而另一方面,主辐射应当以尽可能高的比例通过散射辐射栅格而不被衰减。撞击检测器表面的散射辐射的比例的减小可以通过以下方式来实现:使用散射辐射栅格的高度与通道或通槽的厚度或直径之间的较大的比,即,使用较高的栅格比,也被称为纵横比。
存在各种技术和对应实施例来生产用于X射线辐射的散射辐射栅格。因此,例如公开文献DE 102 41 424A1描述了散射辐射栅格的各种生产方法和实施例。例如,已知由铅带和纸带构成的层状散射辐射栅格。铅带用于吸收二次辐射,而布置在铅带之间的纸带形成用于主辐射的通槽。备选地,也可以使用铝来代替纸,从而降低生产工艺的成本。纸栅格使用低衰减的纸作为狭缝或窗口。
铝栅格使用铝作为狭缝或窗口,与纸相比,其具有显著更高的衰减。铝栅格的优点是其可以通过使用简单的工艺步骤来生产,并且如果在各个工艺步骤中存在缺陷,其可以被修复,因此生产期间的效率更高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开另一种用于生产X射线散射辐射栅格的方法。
根据本发明,所述目的通过使用独立权利要求的方法来实现。在从属权利要求中指定了有利的实施例。
根据本发明,使用挤压工艺来生产X射线散射辐射栅格。吸收X射线辐射的可挤压的第一材料被连续按压出基体的塑型开口。挤压之后,材料硬化并形成吸收X射线辐射的介质。对于散射辐射栅格,要被挤压的塑料材料可以填充有吸收X射线辐射的物质,或者可以使用金属来代替塑料。
在挤压期间,在压力作用下,坚硬至粘稠的可硬化物质被连续按压出塑型开口(也被称为喷嘴、基体或咬嘴)。然后形成理论上可以具有任意长度的主体,所述主体具有所述开口的横截面。这些主体被称为挤出物。挤压有时也被称为挤出物按压,属于塑型方法组。
本发明要求保护一种用于生产X射线散射辐射栅格的方法,其中通过基体挤压吸收X射线辐射的第一材料,使得形成具有通道的X射线散射辐射栅格作为挤出物,X射线辐射可透过通道。
本发明的优点在于可以以高精度和低成本的方式生产X射线散射辐射栅格。
在一个实施例中,通道填充有空气。作为空隙介质的空气由于增加了主辐射的透过性,而提供了改进的散射辐射栅格。
在另一个实施例中,通道可以以蜂巢的方式被布置。通过挤压,具有蜂巢状通道的栅格可以被生成并且也被生成,这些栅格由于其蜂巢结构而吸收所有空间方向上的散射辐射。因此,对于给定的辐射剂量,可以实现图像质量的显著改善,或者可以显著降低所施加的剂量。总体上较高的纵横比可以被实现。
在一个实施例中,基体的形状可以在挤压期间改变,使得形成聚焦X射线散射辐射栅格,其具有倾斜延伸的通道。
备选地,可以在被形成为球形截面的模具上弯曲挤出物,使得通道与焦点对齐。
可以通过铣削从弯曲的挤出物生产散射辐射,或者栅格也可以保持弯曲,以用于将来可能弯曲的检测器。
在一个实施例中,吸收X射线辐射的第一材料可以是装填有金属的塑料,该金属吸收X射线辐射。
在另一个实施例中,吸收X射线辐射的第一材料可以是吸收X射线辐射的金属。
在另一个设计中,吸收X射线辐射的第一材料可以是金属沸石化合物。
在一个实施例中,可以通过电镀将吸收X射线辐射的第二材料施加到挤出物上。
附图说明
参考示意图,根据示例性实施例的以下解释,本发明的其他特定特征和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1:示出了挤压设备的空间视图,
图2:示出了挤出物的空间视图,
图3:示出了具有涂层的挤出物的正视图,以及
图4:示出了模具。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于生产X射线散射辐射栅格1的挤压设备的非常简化的空间视图。挤压设备通常具有挤压活塞2和基体4(也称为挤压喷嘴)。根据要生产的散射辐射栅格1的通道6的布置和数目,基体4在输出端设置有孔5和网状物7,其中吸收X射线辐射的第一材料3被网状物7按压,并且在硬化后形成散射辐射栅格1。可以使用与用于生产蜂巢状催化剂的挤压设备相似的挤压设备。
基体4可以在挤压工艺期间改变,使得形成倾斜延伸的通道6。这生产了聚焦散射辐射栅格1。
第一材料可以是装填有金属的塑料,也可以是装填有金属的陶瓷或金属沸石化合物。重要的是,金属的原子数较高,以实现X射线辐射的高吸收。优选的金属是铅、钼和钨。
图2示出了由来自图1的设备生产的挤出物的空间视图。挤出物是X射线散射辐射栅格1。它具有通道6,通道6通过网状物7由第一材料3形成。
图3示出了根据图2的、但是附加地具有通过电镀工艺被涂层的表面的X射线散射辐射栅格1。该涂层包含吸收X射线辐射的第二材料8。
图4示出了球形截面形状的模具9。仍然软的挤出物然后可以在模具9上被弯曲,使得倾斜延伸的通道6被聚焦在焦点上。以这种方式形成的X射线散射辐射栅格1然后可以被切割成矩形的形状。
尽管已经通过优选的示例性实施例详细说明和描述了本发明,但是本发明不受所给出的示例的限制,并且本领域技术人员可以从中得出其他变型而不脱离本发明的保护范围。
附图标记列表
1 X射线散射辐射栅格
2 挤出活塞
3 第一材料
4 基体
5 孔
6 通道
7 网状物
8 第二材料
9 模具
Claims (7)
1.一种用于生产一个X射线散射辐射栅格(1)的方法,其中通过一个基体(4)挤压吸收X射线辐射的第一材料(3),使得形成具有多个通道(6)的所述X射线散射辐射栅格(1)作为一个挤出物,X射线辐射可透过所述多个通道(6),其特征在于:
所述多个通道(6)之间的相对位置能够改变,使得形成一个聚焦X射线散射辐射栅格,所述聚焦X射线散射辐射栅格具有相对彼此而倾斜延伸的多个通道(6),其中所述相对位置的所述改变包括将仍然软的所述挤出物在一个球形模具上弯曲,使得多个聚焦型通道被形成为所述多个通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述多个通道(6)填充有空气。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述多个通道(6)以一个蜂巢的方式被布置。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
吸收X射线辐射的所述第一材料(3)是装填有金属的塑料,所述金属吸收X射线辐射。
5.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
吸收X射线辐射的所述第一材料(3)能够是吸收X射线辐射的金属。
6.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
吸收X射线辐射的所述第一材料(3)是金属沸石化合物。
7.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
能够通过电镀将吸收X射线辐射的第二材料(8)施加到所述挤出物上。
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CN108428489A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
DE102017202312A1 (de) | 2018-08-16 |
DE102017202312B4 (de) | 2018-10-04 |
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