CN108427192A - Narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment - Google Patents
Narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108427192A CN108427192A CN201710076057.3A CN201710076057A CN108427192A CN 108427192 A CN108427192 A CN 108427192A CN 201710076057 A CN201710076057 A CN 201710076057A CN 108427192 A CN108427192 A CN 108427192A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- diffusion sheet
- narrow angle
- angle diffusion
- comes back
- speculum
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
Abstract
It comes back the invention discloses a kind of narrow angle diffusion sheet and shows equipment, including a projection module, a narrow angle diffusion sheet and a speculum, utilize the array of minute concave mirrors, optimal narrow angle diffusion sheet is provided, to optimize visual effect；Wherein, which is located near the speculum, which shows use limitation and the brightness problem of equipment towards the projection module and the speculum, to overcome to come back, and then promotes traffic safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of narrow angle diffusion sheet new lines to show that equipment, this espespecially a kind of new line optimizing visual effect are aobvious
Show equipment, constitutes one close to ideal narrow angle diffusion sheet using the array of minute concave mirrors, equipment is shown to overcome HUD to come back
Use limitation and brightness problem, to optimize visual effect, and then promote traffic safety.
Background technology
Currently, the head up display technology used on automobile is a kind of optical system, typically changed by a projector and one
As microscope group is at wherein the projector is made of a signal optical source, a projection lens and other optical elements；The signal of the projector
Light source is made of a LCD liquid crystal displays or a projector with the imaging devices such as screen or a diffusion sheet, is sent out from signal optical source
Go out light, should change as (special is semi-transparent by mirror combiner on instrument desk or windshield is then projected by the projector
Bright concave mirror), then by this repeatedly as mirror shows that word or image and outdoor scene overlapping at the moment, the head up display of this combination claim
For CHUD (combiner type HUD)；Another form of HUD, emits beam from signal optical source, is then thrown by the projector
The concave mirror being mapped to below instrument desk, then by image zoom and it is reflected into windshield, then word is shown by windshield
Or image overlaps with outdoor scene at the moment, the head up display of this combination is known as WHUD (windshield type HUD)
Traditional WHUD (windshield type HUD) is limited by space, and general virtual image forming distance is usually not more than
It crosses apart from the position of 2.5 meters of driver's eyes, but actual demand is less enough, so industry can just set up 7 meters with depot
Target；Traditional occupied volumes of WHUD are very big, have enough spaces below not all vehicle instrument desk, so
It is only applicable to oversize vehicle at present, and the HUD that dilly is installed additional uses CHUD (combiner type HUD), it is empty
As image-forming range is even shorter.
However, to reach remote virtual image forming, theoretically concave mirror amplification factor is increased it is achieved that but real
Viewer can be caused dizzy on border, therefore to avoid dizzy generation, if by concave mirror and the (diffusion of projector of real image screen
Piece or TFT) constitute object distance elongate and a solution, but the HUD of conventional monolithic because be limited to instrument desk lower section
Space so that elongate object distance and have difficulties on the implementation, and the real image screen of same size, when its elongation and concave mirror
After distance, virtual image distance can become remote, but virtual image size does not become larger then, and relative visual identification will be with distance under equal proportion
Drop.
For this purpose, real image screen (projector's diffusion sheet or TFT) is placed in the intersection of roof of the vehicle and windshield, it will be anti-
It penetrates concave mirror to be placed in below instrument desk, is that 3 times or so the object distances distance that can be obtained close to conventional monolithic WHUD (will be former in this way
Carry out 18cm and be turned into 50~70cm), and occupied volume ratio tradition HUD is also small below instrument desk, it is more so as to be applicable in
Vehicle, but to maintain original visual recognition degree at least needs equal proportion to amplify real image screen, however, amplification TFT be part very
Difficult thing, for fear of the demand of high brightness backlights, there are one light cups for needs behind by TFT, enough brightness could be provided, if in this way
TFT is amplified to 5.4 cun from 1.8 cun, whole TFT volumes will generate the TFT monsters of a ultra-large type by ceiling in front of driving,
And in cost and aesthetically will not all it be received.
As shown in Figure 1, projector 1 (including DLP projector or laser projector) be required for using to an imaging cloth curtain or
One diffusion sheet is imaged as imaging plane, and using the projector of Rear projection is put in the back side of a diffusion sheet, meeting
Using to translucent penetration diffusion sheet；The principle of projector 1 is by a picture in the way of scanning, to being projected plane
Each point project different colors and intensity light spots, these luminous points form a picture；Assuming that imaging plane is not cloth
Curtain or diffusion sheet, but the plane of reflection of a specular reflective mirrors 21, since speculum incidence angle is equal to angle of reflection, so the projection
The picture that machine 1 projects the mirror-reflection plane 21 only has the light of any that can be reflected into the eye E of specific audience, so seeing
No matter the person of seeing in which angle can only see a point light source, but can't see a complete picture.
As shown in Fig. 2, in order to see a complete picture, so the reflection that the projector 1 is projected when using is flat
Face cannot be mirror-reflection plane, it is necessary to be a cloudy surface plane 22, so projecting the cloudy surface plane 22 just can be the light of reflection
Line is broken up, and reflected light is allowed to be distributed to each reflection angle, this cloudy surface plane 22 is just called diffusion sheet, and light is got to one and put down
Face has some light that can be absorbed, and remaining light just reflects, if along with reflection light is diffused into each angle,
Each angle can watch entire picture, but the light quantity acquired by single a angle will become very little, so that the projection
When machine 1 plays, usually it can contain the powder for increasing reflection at more dim environment, relatively good projection screen, can reduce
The absorption of light improves the intensity of reflected light, but cost can increase many, and effect is very limited, and this mode only subtracts in fact
The absorbed ratio of few light, but lost caused by each angle to being distributed to, then it can not remedy.
The problems of above in order to solve, industry constantly proposes that various solution technical solutions, relevant technology can join
TaiWan, China discloses number 201636680 to meal with wine, TaiWan, China discloses number 201624101, TaiWan, China letters patent number
I367405, TaiWan, China letters patent I449950, TaiWan, China letters patent I506299, TaiWan, China letters patent number
I479236, TaiWan, China letters patent I485432, TaiWan, China letters patent M455182, TaiWan, China letters patent number
The patent cases such as M328014.
In patent case above-mentioned, current come back can be promoted mostly and shown the use function of equipment, but there are still
Some bottlenecks being not easily overcome, Li such as ︰
1. in aforementioned published Patent Case, though some have applied to the technology of reflection mirror array, due to its projection
It is this visual to fall still with the presence of visual drop problem between the gauged distance image and actual range image that go out
Poor phenomenon, for some drivers, it is easy to generate visual dizzy sense, thus influence whether the safety of driving.
2. in known technology is met the tendency of, since the distance of light source projects needs longer space and distance, this limit
System is frequently not that can meet this per a vehicle one to require, and causes to be forced to improve the efficiency of reflection with more expensive outfit
With brightness, such as using the projection module (or projector) of wide viewing angle, show that the use of equipment limits to overcome HUD to come back, this
Kind mode is all only in the cost waste for increasing equipment, and projection efficiency is also low, this is that current new line shows that equipment generally faces
The problem of.
Invention content
It is completed finally after inventor is after Improvement many times in view of the above problem of the existing technology
The present invention-narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment, i.e. the goal of the invention of this case is to provide a kind of new line of optimization visual effect
It shows equipment, one is constituted close to ideal narrow angle diffusion sheet using minute concave mirrors array, allow the reflected light range set of diffusion
In be diffused on the concave mirror of HUW, with overcome the problems, such as HUD come back show equipment use limitation and brightness, to optimize vision
Effect, and then promote traffic safety.
In order to reach foregoing invention purpose, narrow angle diffusion sheet provided by the invention, which comes back, shows equipment, including：
One projection module projects an image light source；
One narrow angle diffusion sheet, is the array of a minute concave mirrors, which invests the narrow angle diffusion sheet；
One speculum, the narrow angle diffusion sheet reflect the image light source to the speculum；
Wherein, which is located at the speculum the same side, and the narrow angle diffusion sheet is towards the projection module and the reflection
Mirror.
The array of above-mentioned minute concave mirrors is at a length and width matrix arrangement.
Above-mentioned minute concave mirrors are that pyramid type concave mirror, the projection module are located near the speculum always.
Above-mentioned miniature female tab mirror is a spheroidal concave mirror, which is located near the speculum.
Above-mentioned minute concave mirrors are an arc-shaped concave mirror.
In the array of above-mentioned minute concave mirrors, all minute concave mirrors are with the narrow angle diffusion sheet at an oblique angle.
In the array of above-mentioned minute concave mirrors, angle that all minute concave mirrors are had nothing in common with each other.
The shape of above-mentioned narrow angle diffusion sheet is a plane at least one turnover.
Above-mentioned speculum is a concave mirror.
Above-mentioned narrow angle diffusion sheet is a curved surface.
The present invention mainly utilizes the array of minute concave mirrors, provides optimal narrow angle diffusion sheet, allows the reflected light of diffusion
Range covers the concave mirror of HUW, and the projection module (or projector) of wide viewing angle is used without doing extra waste,
The use limitation of equipment is shown to overcome HUD to come back, and this ideal narrow angle diffusion sheet of the invention is a kind of using miniature recessed
The reflective diffusion sheet that face lens array is constituted, the present invention can allow the luminance raising decades of times for being imaged onto HUD concave mirrors of DLP,
Even up to hundred times, effectively to solve the brightness problem of projector HUD, to optimize visual effect, and then promote traffic safety.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that existing projection arrangement implements schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is another implementation schematic diagram of existing projection arrangement；
Fig. 3 is first embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is second embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 4-1 is second embodiment of the present invention close-up schematic view；
Fig. 5 is intended to for third embodiment of the present invention example；
Fig. 5-1 is third embodiment of the present invention close-up schematic view；
Fig. 6 is intended to for fourth embodiment of the present invention example；
Fig. 6-1 is fourth embodiment of the present invention close-up schematic view；
Fig. 7 is intended to for fifth embodiment of the present invention example；
Fig. 8 is intended to for sixth embodiment of the present invention example.
Reference sign：1- projectors；2- speculums；21- mirror-reflection planes；22- cloudy surface planes；E- eyes；3-
Projection module；The narrow angle diffusion sheets of 4-；The tapered concave mirror in the right angles 41-；42- spheroidal concave mirrors；43- arc-shaped concave mirrors；44- is miniature
Concave mirror；5- speculums；The 6- virtual images；61- arrows；62- words；D- reflected ranges；L- image light sources；θ-oblique angle.
Specific implementation mode
It is illustrated in figure 3 the first embodiment that narrow angle diffusion sheet new line provided by the invention shows equipment, including：
One projection module 3, projects an image light source L, which is a digital light processing devices (Digital
Light Processing, abbreviation：DLP) projector is a kind of visualization module of use in projecting apparatus and back projection TV；
One narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 is the narrow angle diffusion sheet that the array of a minute concave mirrors is constituted, the image of the projection module 3
Light source L invests the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4；
One speculum 5, the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 reflect the image light source L to the speculum 5, which is a concave surface
Mirror；
Wherein, which is located at 5 the same side of speculum, and the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 is towards the projection module 3 and is somebody's turn to do
Speculum 5.
Narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 in the present invention reflects the image light source L of the projection module 3, just only projects the speculum 5
Range on, so can get best projection efficiency, if because projected area is too big, project except the speculum 5
Reflection light is all waste；And the display equipment that generally comes back may use under the big sun, thus its required brightness pole
Height, this can be described as a major challenge to the brightness of the projection module 3, thus fully the projection module 3 be used to be exported
Light quantity, to reduce waste, this is extremely important, and to reduce the design that the key that light wastes is the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4, one
Ideal narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 preferably reaches 100% to light reflectance, and the image light source L reflected can be covered just again
To the speculum 5 of new line display equipment, but without departing from, therefore closer to ideal narrow angle diffusion sheet 4, generated effect
Benefit is higher.
Above-mentioned narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 is the array of minute concave mirrors, is to constitute a length using large number of minute concave mirrors
Wide matrix arrangement will also form the array of a rectangular arranged with regard to saying, each minute concave mirrors concentration is reflected into the speculum 5
On, in this case for the speculum 5, each minute concave mirrors just represents a pixel on display screen
(pixel), so the quantity of minute concave mirrors just represents the upper limit of screen resolution, such as length and width are 480x 240, indicate total
The array that 115,200 minute concave mirrors are constituted is shared, the highest resolution of imaging, therefore even if the projection are also limited
The original parsing of module 3 again it is high be all it is otiose, key be still the more of 4 its minute concave mirrors quantity of narrow angle diffusion sheet
Few and its projection efficiency.
The narrow angle diffusion sheet that above-mentioned narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 is made of the array of a minute concave mirrors, wherein the projection module
Position 3 near the speculum 5, it the advantages of be that the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 can be brighter, need not too cloudy surface, in this way can be with
The absorptivity for reducing light, to improve reflectivity.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 4-1, comes back for narrow angle diffusion sheet provided by the invention and show the second embodiment of equipment, this is narrow
Angle diffusion sheet 4 is the narrow angle diffusion sheet that the array of a minute concave mirrors is constituted, wherein the projection module position 3 is attached in the speculum 5
Closely, wherein the minute concave mirrors are pyramid type concave mirror 41 always, then the array of the minute concave mirrors is pyramid concave surface always
41 array of mirror, using the principle parallel with reflected ray of incident ray in the 41 right angle characteristic of right angle taper concave mirror, the right angle is tapered
When concave mirror 41 is if complete bright face, reflection light is almost totally reflected on the light source point of incident light, if but the right angle it is tapered
Concave mirror 41 slightly band cloudy surface, then its reflection light the reflecting surface of a particular range can be formed about in the light source point of incident light,
As long as the speculum 5 is in the reflected range D of this reflecting surface, you can to receive reflection diffusion light.
As shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 5-1, comes back for narrow angle diffusion sheet provided by the invention and show the 3rd embodiment of equipment, this is narrow
Angle diffusion sheet 4 is the narrow angle diffusion sheet that the array of a minute concave mirrors is constituted, wherein the projection module position 3 is attached in the speculum 5
Closely, wherein the minute concave mirrors are a spheroidal concave mirror 42, then the array of the minute concave mirrors is a spheroidal concave mirror 42
Array, when which is a micro- mist concave mirror, in the reflection characteristic using the transparent spheroidal concave mirror 42
The incident ray principle parallel with reflected ray, when the spheroidal concave mirror 42 is if complete bright face, reflection light is almost totally reflected
Onto the light source point of incident light, if but the spheroidal concave mirror 42 slightly band cloudy surface, reflection light can be in the light source of incident light
Point is formed about the reflecting surface of a particular range, as long as the speculum 5 is in the reflected range D of this reflecting surface, you can with
Receive reflection diffusion light.
As shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 6-1, comes back for narrow angle diffusion sheet provided by the invention and show the fourth embodiment of equipment, this is narrow
Angle diffusion sheet 4 is the narrow angle diffusion sheet that the array of a minute concave mirrors is constituted, and the wherein minute concave mirrors are an arc-shaped concave mirror
43, then the minute concave mirrors array is 43 array of an arc-shaped concave mirror, which is to utilize the arc-shaped concave
Each arc-shaped concave mirror 43 is designed as the angle having nothing in common with each other by 43 concentrating light principles of mirror, as long as projection distance is more than the concave mirror
23 focal point, light can scatter instead, as long as the position of the light source of the projection module 3, the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 and the speculum 5
It sets all it has been determined that then the placement angle of each arc-shaped concave mirror 43 on the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 and arc radius can be through
Accurate calculating is crossed, allows the light that each arc-shaped concave mirror 43 reflects about to cover the speculum 5, to reach most effective light source
It utilizing, each arc-shaped concave mirror 43 of the arc-shaped concave lens array can beat the bright reflectivity that arrives close to 100% boundary, so
The light utilization of entire projection module 3 almost can be more than 90%, there was only units with the light utilization of wide-angle diffusion sheet
It compares, light utilization of the invention is more than its decades of times, therefore narrow angle diffusion sheet provided by the invention comes back and shows that equipment is
The highest projector's diffusion sheet of efficiency.
Above-mentioned minute concave mirrors are an arc-shaped concave mirror 43, and the array being made of the arc concave mirror 43, advantage even can
To allow light absorption when mirror-reflection to be preferably minimized；In addition, another advantage is to limit the range of reflection light diffusion, allow anti-
Penetrating light, adequately concentration is incident upon on the speculum 5, and especially minute concave mirrors are an arc-shaped concave mirror 43, recessed by the arc
The array that mirror 43 is constituted, range of scatter can be approximately equal to the range of the speculum 5, the shadow for allowing the projection module 3 to export
As light source L, it can reach and make full use of.
In the fitting parallel as possible with ground of AR HUD (augmented reality HUD) virtual image needs, make navigational arrows
The virtual image can be attached in road ahead, and general real image plane, such as TFT or conventional projectors diffusion sheet, perpendicular to the plane
Brightness is maximum, lower with the bigger brightness of vertical line angle, and the virtual image will sacrifice image brilliance with driving sight out of plumb；Such as figure
7 show the 5th embodiment that narrow angle diffusion sheet new line provided by the invention shows equipment, the wherein battle array of the minute concave mirrors 44
All minute concave mirrors 44 and the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4 are at a bevel angle θ in row, so that the optical axis of diffusion sheet and HUD form the angle of θ+a
The degree setting difference of angle (a indicate), thereby allow HUD the virtual image with drive angle of the visual angle at θ+a, be closer to and ground
Parallel fitting, to achieve the effect that the virtual image agrees with real image.
In the fitting parallel as possible with ground of AR HUD (augmented reality HUD) virtual image needs, navigational arrows are empty
As can be attached in road ahead, but general information is still to be easier the region read perpendicular to driving visual angle as possible, one
Ideal HUD is preferably based on different application, the virtual image with different angles of display；It is illustrated in figure 8 narrow angle provided by the invention
Diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows the sixth embodiment of equipment, and wherein the narrow angle diffusion sheet 4, which is a curved surface or one, has the plane of turnover, can
To allow image to generate turnover, the imaging of the virtual image 6 is allowed to become solid, which, which comes back, shows the display content of equipment, including
Arrow 61 and word 62, the arrow 61 needs are parallel with ground level as possible, and image, which must compare, tends to be horizontal, but
The word 62 is still to be vertically easier to read, so word segment is vertical as possible.
Narrow angle diffusion sheet provided by the invention, which comes back, shows implementation of the equipment by the above various embodiments, is expanded using the narrow angle
The array of the minute concave mirrors of discrete piece 4 provides optimal narrow angle diffusion sheet 4, allows the reflection optical range of diffusion is rough can covering
To the concave mirror of HUW, the projection module (or projector) of wide viewing angle is used without doing extra waste, with gram
It takes HUD and comes back and show the use limitation of equipment, this ideal narrow angle diffusion sheet of the present invention 4 is exactly a kind of to utilize minute concave mirrors
The reflective diffusion sheet that constitutes of array, the present invention can allow the luminance raising decades of times for being imaged onto HUD concave mirrors of projector,
It even up to hundred times, can effectively solve the problem that the brightness problem of projector HUD, shown and set with the new line of compositional optimization visual effect
It is standby, to promote traffic safety.
Specific embodiment proposed in holding within the present invention only illustrates technology contents of the invention to facilitate, rather than
The present invention is narrowly limited to above-described embodiment, in the case that all spirit without departing from the present invention is with right,
Made by many variations implement, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment, including：
One projection module projects an image light source；
One narrow angle diffusion sheet, is the array of a minute concave mirrors, which invests the narrow angle diffusion sheet；
One speculum, the narrow angle diffusion sheet reflect the image light source to the speculum；
It is characterized in that, the projection module is located at the speculum the same side, the narrow angle diffusion sheet is anti-with this towards the projection module
Penetrate mirror.
2. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the array of the minute concave mirrors
For a length and width matrix arrangement.
3. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the minute concave mirrors are always
Pyramid type concave mirror, the projection module are located near the speculum.
4. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the miniature female tab mirror is a circle
Spherical concave mirror, the projection module are located near the speculum.
5. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the minute concave mirrors are an arc
Shape concave mirror.
6. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the array of the minute concave mirrors
In all minute concave mirrors and the narrow angle diffusion sheet at an oblique angle.
7. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the array of the minute concave mirrors
In the angle had nothing in common with each other of all minute concave mirrors.
8. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the shape of the narrow angle diffusion sheet
For a plane at least one turnover.
9. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the speculum is a concave surface
Mirror.
10. narrow angle diffusion sheet according to claim 1, which comes back, shows equipment, which is characterized in that the narrow angle diffusion sheet is one
Curved surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710076057.3A CN108427192A (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | Narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710076057.3A CN108427192A (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | Narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108427192A true CN108427192A (en) | 2018-08-21 |
Family
ID=63154987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710076057.3A Pending CN108427192A (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | Narrow angle diffusion sheet, which comes back, shows equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN108427192A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112034620A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-04 | 怡利电子工业股份有限公司 | Target reflection type diffusion sheet head-up display device |
| CN112285927A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-01-29 | 怡利电子工业股份有限公司 | Naked-eye 3D reflective diffusion sheet head-up display device |
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| CN112285927A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-01-29 | 怡利电子工业股份有限公司 | Naked-eye 3D reflective diffusion sheet head-up display device |
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Application publication date: 20180821 |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |