CN108426520B - Detection device for oil stealing hole of pipeline and detection method for center and diameter of oil stealing hole - Google Patents
Detection device for oil stealing hole of pipeline and detection method for center and diameter of oil stealing hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN108426520B CN108426520B CN201810463313.9A CN201810463313A CN108426520B CN 108426520 B CN108426520 B CN 108426520B CN 201810463313 A CN201810463313 A CN 201810463313A CN 108426520 B CN108426520 B CN 108426520B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
Abstract
The invention discloses a detection device for a pipeline oil stealing hole and a detection method for the center and the diameter of the oil stealing hole, wherein a detector in a pipeline is provided with Hall elements and magnets, and each Hall element is provided with three pin grooves for respectively placing three pins; the round hole on the inner wall of the detector in the pipeline is used for placing a magnet, the Hall element is vertically inserted into the three pin grooves, the Hall element in the pin groove and the magnet in the round hole are installed in parallel, and the distance between the Hall element and the magnet is larger than 2 mm; the magnet can magnetize the pipe wall, when the detector in the pipeline passes through the oil stealing hole, the magnetic line of force near the oil stealing hole is bent and changed due to the large relative magnetic conductivity of the oil stealing hole, and the Hall element receives the sensed magnetic field signal, namely the magnetic field characteristic signal; the defect condition of the pipeline is discriminated by identifying the magnetic field characteristic signals, the position of the pipeline defect is positioned, and the pipeline maintenance is carried out. Meanwhile, the invention also detects the center and the diameter of the oil stealing hole, thereby improving the detection precision of the oil stealing hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection in pipelines, in particular to a device for detecting an oil stealing hole of a pipeline and a method for detecting the center and the diameter of the oil stealing hole.
Background
Pipeline transportation is a special transportation mode of oil and gas resources. With the increasing demand of the economic society for oil and gas resources, the pipeline transportation industry has become a huge industrial system and has important strategic and economic positions in the development of countries in the world. With the continuous improvement of pipeline transportation systems, the length of pipeline lines is continuously increased, so that the safety problem is also increasingly emphasized, and meanwhile, how to detect the conditions in the pipeline so as to ensure the stable operation of the transportation system becomes the key point of attention in the industry. In recent years, under the drive of huge economic benefits, the accidents of stealing, punching and stealing oil by lawless persons frequently occur, which not only brings huge economic loss to the country, but also can cause the problems of crude oil leakage, pipeline breakage and the like, and causes harm to the ecological environment and the safety of people.
At present, the oil and gas conveying pipeline in China is mainly characterized by complex operation conditions in the pipeline, wide region-crossing and high pipeline supervision difficulty. Data shows that nearly ten thousand oil stealing events are accumulated in China by 2016. In addition, in recent years, the oil stealing means of lawless persons is continuously upgraded, and the detection requirement of the internal detector based on negative pressure waves in the traditional mode cannot be met. Therefore, a novel and efficient detection technology in an oil stealing hole pipeline is urgently needed in China to make up for the defects of the existing detection means, so that the national oil and gas resource safety and the personal safety of people are maintained.
The detection technology in the pipeline is one of core technologies for ensuring the safe operation of the pipeline, can detect the defects of the pipeline under the condition of not influencing the normal operation of the pipeline, and provides a scientific basis for the prevention of pipeline accidents and the reasonable maintenance of the pipeline. Currently common in-pipeline detection techniques include: magnetic flux leakage detection technology, ultrasonic detection technology, and metal magnetic memory detection method.
Magnetic flux leakage Testing (MFT) is the most widely used internal Testing method at the present stage. The working principle is that a strong magnet or a magnetizing coil carried by the detector generates a strong magnetic field to magnetize the pipe wall to be basically saturated, and an axial magnetic field is generated on the pipe wall in the whole axial direction. When the pipe wall is intact, the magnetic field is uniformly distributed, and when the pipe wall has defects of cracks, welding seams and the like, the magnetic conductivity can be suddenly changed, the magnetic field can be correspondingly changed, and the magnetic flux leaks at the defects to form a leakage magnetic field. The whole pipeline detection process can be completed by operations of detecting the magnetic field, analyzing data, positioning defects and the like. The detection method has the advantages of simple technology, low cost, low application environment requirement and the like, but the probe is easily influenced by the wall to generate false signals, so that the data accuracy is insufficient; a magnetizing device with a large volume needs to be mounted, and the phenomenon of blockage is easy to occur during actual operation.
Ultrasonic Testing (ultrasound Testing): ultrasonic waves are mechanical waves that propagate in an elastic medium in the form of waves with a frequency greater than 20 kHz. Ultrasonic detection utilizes the characteristic that ultrasonic waves propagate in the same uniform medium along a straight line, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the probe are reflected on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe wall, the reflected ultrasonic waves are received by the probe, and the thickness of the pipe wall is calculated by calculating the time difference of two echo signals; and calculating parameters such as the shape, the size and the like of the defect through the ultrasonic waves with different reflection angles. The ultrasonic detection can mainly detect cracks, delamination and slag inclusion, air holes and the like caused by welding. The ultrasonic detection has the advantages of high sensitivity, high speed and no harm to human bodies, and can provide quantitative and accurate data. The defects are that the system design is complex, the cost is high, the point-by-point scanning detection characteristic makes the method difficult to be suitable for the online detection of long-distance and large-range oil and gas pipelines, the sensor element is easy to damage in the operating pipeline environment, and the ultrasonic detection is taken as a contact type measurement and has considerable limitation on the detection in the pipelines.
The metal magnetic memory detection method has the working principle that the magnetostriction coefficient of a stressed concentrated region or a defect region of a ferromagnetic object is changed to generate a natural leakage magnetic field, and a normal component appears a zero crossing point and a tangential component appears a characteristic vector of a peak value. The feature vector is detected and extracted, and the detection purpose can be achieved. However, the detection method has high requirements on the lift-off value, and when the lift-off value is about 3mm, the characteristic signal basically disappears, so that the detection cannot be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a detection device for oil stealing holes of a pipeline and a detection method for the centers and diameters of the oil stealing holes, the invention designs a structure of a detector in the pipeline by utilizing a Hall element and a magnet, improves the detection precision, and is described in detail as follows:
a detection device for a pipeline oil stealing hole comprises: a detector in the pipeline is arranged in the pipeline,
the detector in the pipeline is provided with Hall elements and magnets, and each Hall element is provided with three pin grooves for respectively placing three pins;
the round hole on the inner wall of the detector in the pipeline is used for placing a magnet, the Hall element is vertically inserted into the three pin grooves, the Hall element in the pin groove and the magnet in the round hole are installed in parallel, and the distance between the Hall element and the magnet is larger than 2 mm;
when the detector in the pipeline passes through the oil stealing hole, the magnetic line of force near the oil stealing hole is bent and changed due to the large relative magnetic conductivity of the oil stealing hole, and the Hall element receives the sensed magnetic field signal, namely the magnetic field characteristic signal;
the defect condition of the pipeline is discriminated by identifying the magnetic field characteristic signals, the position of the pipeline defect is positioned, the pipeline maintenance is carried out, and the maintenance efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the position where the amplitude of the magnetic field characteristic signal changes obviously is just below the position of the oil stealing hole, and the position where the amplitude of the magnetic field characteristic signal changes slightly is below the pipe wall of the oil stealing hole.
During specific implementation, through screening the characteristic signals detected by the Hall elements, if the characteristic signals represent that the Hall elements are located below the pipe wall of the oil stealing hole, the size of the oil stealing hole can be estimated by using the two Hall elements and the distance between the two Hall elements.
Preferably, the circumferential distance between the 2 Hall elements is 10-20mm, and the radius of the detector in the pipeline is equal to the inner diameter of the pipeline.
The magnet is preferably a cylindrical magnet.
In specific implementation, the detection device further includes: a battery pack having a plurality of batteries,
the battery supplies power to the power management module, and the power management module supplies power to the Hall element and the single chip microcomputer;
when the body of the detector in the pipeline moves stably in the pipeline, the Hall element measures a magnetic field signal under the action of the magnet, senses a magnetic field characteristic signal of the oil stealing hole and transmits the magnetic field characteristic signal to the single chip microcomputer through the analog-to-digital converter;
the singlechip transmits the magnetic field characteristic signal received from the analog-to-digital converter to the memory;
after the data is collected, the memory is taken out, the data measured by the Hall element is read into an external computer, and the computer can position the oil stealing hole by analyzing the data.
A method for detecting the center and the diameter of a pipeline oil stealing hole comprises the following steps:
analyzing a magnetic field characteristic signal curve, wherein a place with obvious recess is called a trough, and small bulges on two sides of the recess are called peaks;
identifying a peak A, a peak B and a trough C in a magnetic field characteristic signal curve, and recording the corresponding time t of the peak A and the peak B respectively1And t2And time t corresponding to trough C3If the speed of the detector moving in the pipe is denoted as v, then:
the center of the oil stealing hole is vXt3；
The diameter of the oil stealing hole is (t ═ t-2-t1)×v。
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the detection device realizes the detection of the oil stealing hole of the pipeline, is lighter and lower in cost compared with a device for detecting magnetic leakage, and greatly shortens the detection period;
2. the invention can detect the oil stealing hole in a silent state in time, namely, the characteristic signal of the oil stealing hole can be clearly acquired under the condition that the oil stealing hole does not work and has no oil stealing sound information, thereby realizing the real-time property of detection;
3. the invention also detects the center and the diameter of the oil stealing hole, further improves the precision of detecting the oil stealing hole and meets various requirements in practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an in-duct detector;
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of a Hall element SS495A 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection test device for a pipeline oil stealing hole;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device for a pipeline oil stealing hole;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the Hall position;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the in-pipe detector.
In the drawings, the list of components is as follows:
1: an in-pipe detector; 2: a Hall element;
3: a lead groove; 4: detecting a central hole of the body;
5: a cylindrical magnet; 6: a battery;
7: a power management module; 8: an analog-to-digital converter;
9: a single chip microcomputer; 10: a memory;
11: a pipeline; 12: an oil stealing hole;
13: a fluid; 21. 22, 23, 24: are all hall elements.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Example 1
A detection device for oil stealing holes of pipelines, referring to fig. 1-5, the detection device comprises: the in-pipe detector 1, the hall element 2 and the magnet 5 are mounted on the in-pipe detector 1 (the embodiment of the present invention takes the cylindrical magnet 5 as an example for illustration, and in the specific implementation, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this), the hall element 2 used in the present detection apparatus is model No. SS495a1, which has three pins, and the physical diagram is shown in fig. 2.
The front view and the cross-sectional view of the in-duct detector 1 are shown in fig. 1 and 3: in order to avoid short circuit, each hall element 2 is provided with three pin slots 3 for respectively placing the three pins.
As shown in fig. 3, a circular hole on the inner wall of the in-pipe detector 1 is used for placing a cylindrical magnet 5, and the hall element 2 is vertically inserted into three pin slots 3 according to the arrow direction shown in fig. 2, i.e. the hall element 2 in the pin slot 3 is installed in parallel with the cylindrical magnet 5 in the circular hole, and the distance between the hall element 2 and the cylindrical magnet 5 should be greater than 2 mm.
The core of the detection device for the pipeline oil stealing hole designed by the embodiment of the invention is that the pipeline inner detector 1 moves in the pipeline, the tiny magnet 5 arranged on the pipeline inner detector 1 can magnetize the pipe wall, when the pipeline inner detector 1 passes through the oil stealing hole 12, the magnetic line of force near the oil stealing hole 12 is bent and changed due to the large relative magnetic conductivity of the oil stealing hole 12, and the Hall element 2 receives the sensed magnetic field signal, namely the characteristic signal.
Example 2
The scheme of example 1 is schematically illustrated below with reference to specific values, which are described in detail below:
the schematic diagram of the experimental device for the steel tube test is shown in FIG. 4: the in-pipe detector 1 needs to advance under the push of the pipe fluid 13, and the wall of the pipe is attached to the pipe wall.
In the pipeline inner detector 1, the circumferential distance between the Hall elements 2 is 10-20mm, and the radius of the pipeline inner detector 1 is equal to the inner diameter of a pipeline.
The system block diagram of the detection device is shown in fig. 5: the battery 6 supplies power to the power management module 7, and the power management module 7 supplies power to the Hall element 2 and the singlechip 9;
when the body of the detector 1 in the pipeline moves stably in the pipeline 11, under the action of the magnet 5, the Hall element 2 measures a magnetic field signal, clearly senses a magnetic field characteristic signal of the oil stealing hole 12, and then transmits the magnetic field signal to the singlechip 9 through the analog-to-digital converter 8;
the singlechip 9 transmits the magnetic signal received from the analog-to-digital converter 8 to the memory 10;
after the data is collected, the memory 10 is taken out, the data measured by the Hall element 2 is read into an external computer, and the computer can position the oil stealing hole by analyzing the data.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the detection device, and the numbers are numbers for hall elements. As shown in fig. 7, in the magnetic field characteristic signal curves of the hall element 22 and the hall element 23, the position where the amplitude of the magnetic field characteristic signal is significantly reduced is directly below the position of the oil stealing hole, and the position where the magnetic field characteristic signal is slightly increased is below the pipe wall of the oil stealing hole, so that the embodiment of the invention can explore the magnetic field characteristic signal near the oil stealing hole 12, and discriminate the pipeline defect situation by identifying the magnetic field characteristic signal, thereby quickly locating the position of the pipeline defect, performing pipeline maintenance, and improving the maintenance efficiency.
In the specific implementation, all the magnetic field characteristic signals with obvious amplitude changes, namely, the signals have depressions and small protrusions on two sides of the depressions, or the signals have protrusions and small depressions on two sides of the protrusions, and the like, can be used as the magnetic field characteristic signals for exploring the vicinity of the oil stealing hole 12.
Example 3
The following experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the protocols of examples 1 and 2, as described in detail below:
the magnetic field signal detected by pushing the in-pipe detector 1 into the pipe 11 is shown in figure 7.
Because the magnetic field characteristic signal of the oil stealing hole 12 is determined, the Hall elements 22 and 23 can be identified through the detection result to pass through the lower part of the oil stealing hole 12, and the Hall element 21 and the Hall element 24 pass through the pipe wall of the oil stealing hole 12.
The size of the oil stealing hole 12 can be estimated through the distance between the Hall element 21 and the Hall element 24 during field experiments, development and verification are facilitated, and the found oil stealing hole 12 is determined to be the oil stealing hole detected by the detection device.
Example 4
A method for detecting the center and the diameter of an oil stealing hole of a pipeline is disclosed, and referring to fig. 7, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, analyzing the magnetic field characteristic signal curve obtained in the figure 7, taking the magnetic field characteristic signal curve corresponding to the Hall 23 as an example, analyzing the magnetic field characteristic signal curve, and calling the place with obvious dent as a trough and the small bulges on the two sides of the dent as a peak;
identifying a peak A, a peak B and a trough C in a magnetic field characteristic signal curve, and recording the corresponding time t of the peak A and the peak B respectively1And t2And time t corresponding to trough C3The speed at which the detector moves within the pipe is recorded asv, then:
the center of the oil stealing hole is vXt3；
The diameter of the oil stealing hole is (t ═ t-2-t1)×v。
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention realizes the detection of the center and the diameter of the oil stealing hole, and further improves the detection precision of the oil stealing hole.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A detection device for a pipeline oil stealing hole comprises: an in-line detector, characterized in that,
the magnet is put into the cylindrical hole on the inner wall of the inner detector and touches the bottom, and the Hall sensor is inserted into the rectangular hole near the outer wall of the inner detector; after the installation is finished, the magnet and the Hall sensors are basically aligned and parallel to each other, the Hall sensors are arranged between the magnet and the pipe wall, and the plurality of Hall sensors and the magnet are arranged in a circle along the annular direction;
hall elements and magnets are installed on the inner wall of the detector in the pipeline, and each Hall element is provided with three pin grooves for respectively placing three pins;
the round hole on the inner wall of the detector in the pipeline is used for placing a magnet, the Hall element is vertically inserted into the three pin grooves, the Hall element in the pin groove and the magnet in the round hole are installed in parallel, and the distance between the Hall element and the magnet is larger than 2 mm;
when the detector in the pipeline passes through the oil stealing hole, the magnetic line of force near the oil stealing hole is bent and changed due to the large relative magnetic conductivity of the oil stealing hole, and the Hall element receives the sensed magnetic field signal, namely the magnetic field characteristic signal;
the defect condition of the pipeline is discriminated by identifying the magnetic field characteristic signals, the position of the pipeline defect is positioned, the pipeline maintenance is carried out, and the maintenance efficiency is improved;
the position where the amplitude of the magnetic field characteristic signal changes obviously is just below the position of the oil stealing hole, and the position where the amplitude of the magnetic field characteristic signal changes slightly is just below the pipe wall of the oil stealing hole.
2. The device for detecting the oil stealing hole of the pipeline according to claim 1,
through screening the characteristic signals detected by the Hall elements, if the characteristic signals represent that the Hall elements are positioned below the pipe wall of the oil stealing hole, the size of the oil stealing hole can be estimated by utilizing the distance between the two Hall elements.
3. The device for detecting the oil stealing hole of the pipeline according to claim 2,
the circumferential distance between the 2 Hall elements is 10-20mm, and the radius of the detector in the pipeline is equal to the inner diameter of the pipeline.
4. The device for detecting the oil stealing hole of the pipeline according to claim 1,
the magnet is preferably a cylindrical magnet.
5. The device for detecting the oil stealing hole of the pipeline according to claim 1, further comprising: a battery pack having a plurality of batteries,
the battery supplies power to the power management module, and the power management module supplies power to the Hall element and the single chip microcomputer;
when the body of the detector in the pipeline moves stably in the pipeline, the Hall element measures a magnetic field signal under the action of the magnet, senses a magnetic field characteristic signal of the oil stealing hole and transmits the magnetic field characteristic signal to the single chip microcomputer through the analog-to-digital converter;
the singlechip transmits the magnetic field characteristic signal received from the analog-to-digital converter to the memory;
after the data is collected, the memory is taken out, the data measured by the Hall element is read into an external computer, and the computer can position the oil stealing hole by analyzing the data.
6. A method for detecting the center and diameter of the oil stealing hole of the pipeline according to claim 1, comprising:
analyzing a magnetic field characteristic signal curve, wherein a place with obvious recess is called a trough, and small bulges on two sides of the recess are called peaks;
identifying a peak A, a peak B and a trough C in a magnetic field characteristic signal curve, and recording the corresponding moments of the peak A and the peak B
And
and the time corresponding to the trough C
If the speed of the detector moving in the pipe is denoted as v, then:
oil stealing hole center position = v in function
；
Diameter of oil stealing hole: (
-
）×v。
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| CN109765292B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2024-03-26 | 西南石油大学 | Accurate positioning method for pipeline defects |
| CN114813919A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司玉门油田环庆分公司 | Method for exploring and positioning pipeline punching and oil stealing points based on weak magnetic detection |
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| US5336998A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-08-09 | United States Pipe And Foundry Company | Sensor for detecting faults in a magnetized ferrous object using hall effect elements |
| RU2176082C1 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2001-11-20 | ЗАО "Нефтегазкомплектсервис" | Intrapipe magnetic flaw detector |
| FR2937126B1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-12-31 | Continental Automotive France | HALL EFFECT MEASURING DEVICE |
| CN103728364A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | 陕西杰创科技有限公司 | Apparatus for on-site detection of holes in tube |
| CN102980036B (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-21 | 天津大学 | Welding seam recognition-based pipeline leakage positioning method |
| CO6980129A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-27 | Ecopetrol Sa | Intelligent tool for the detection of perforations, pets and dents in transport pipes |
| WO2014178475A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | 인지컨트롤스주식회사 | Blower |
| CN103470959B (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2016-04-27 | 北京埃彼咨石化科技有限公司 | Based on pick-up unit in the oil and gas pipes intelligence of multimode integrated positioning |
| CN103604022B (en) * | 2013-11-23 | 2015-07-15 | 清华大学 | High-precision inner detecting device for seabed oil and gas pipeline flaws |
| CN104913830A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-16 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Radar level instrument signal processing method based on curve fitting |
| CN106153713A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of metallic conduit defect in inner surface detection device |
| CN205957897U (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 何仕刚 | How much deformation test wares in high performance pipeline based on space magnetic -field measurement |
| CN106645385A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Petroleum string defect fast detecting probe based on Helmholtz coils |
| CN106643452B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2019-05-14 | 许昌智能继电器股份有限公司 | A kind of cavity size detection device based on Hall sensor |
| CN106989681A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-28 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | The dimension measurement method and measuring apparatus of a kind of via |
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