CN108424016B - High-performance lightweight aggregate for structural engineering - Google Patents
High-performance lightweight aggregate for structural engineering Download PDFInfo
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/195—Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite or anorthite
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
- C04B2235/321—Dolomites, i.e. mixed calcium magnesium carbonates
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/405—Iron group metals
Abstract
The invention discloses a design idea and a method of high-performance lightweight aggregate with the main aim of regulating mineral composition. The content of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of mixing a silicon-aluminum raw material and a magnesium raw material with proper amounts of a crystal nucleus agent, a swelling aid and a fluxing agent, pelletizing to obtain raw material pellets, and sintering to obtain the high-performance lightweight aggregate with cordierite as a main crystalline phase. The implementation of the invention can provide a simple, feasible and highly operable solution for the preparation of the high-performance lightweight aggregate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-performance lightweight aggregate, belonging to the field of building materials.
Background
At present, the preparation technology of high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete (LC 40) tends to be mature, and the advantages of light weight, high strength, high durability and low comprehensive cost are achieved, so that the high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete has very remarkable comparative advantages in the field of structural engineering, and particularly has more outstanding advantages in application to high-rise and super-high-rise buildings and large-span bridges. Therefore, the application of the lightweight aggregate concrete in structural engineering is gradually mature, and the lightweight aggregate concrete has a very wide prospect in the future.
The light aggregate for structural engineering is high strength shale light aggregate, sintered ceramsite and micro-expanded ceramsite. Unfortunately, the design theory of the three high-strength lightweight aggregates still uses the idea of common ceramsite, namely, the main raw material mainly comprises a silicon-aluminum raw material, and a porous composite material with a main mineral phase of mullite and containing feldspar, quartz and a large amount of glass bodies is formed through a solid-phase sintering reaction, and the skeleton action of mullite crystals and glass bodies is considered as a main source of the strength of the porous composite material. In the actual production, no matter a rotary kiln or a sintering machine is adopted, the discharge temperature is above 900 ℃, and a large amount of micro cracks are inevitably generated in the rapid cooling process, which is the main reason of poor mechanical property of the common ceramsite. The existing high-strength lightweight aggregate products in China have few types, high water absorption rate (more than 5 percent) and generally low strength (the barrel pressure strength is less than 10 MPa), which seriously restrict the development, popularization and application of the high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete.
The lightweight aggregate itself has become the weak area in the lightweight aggregate concrete, the limitation of its own performance has become the short slab of the overall performance of the lightweight aggregate concrete, when the performance of the lightweight aggregate is brought into play to the utmost, the effect on the lightweight aggregate concrete of increasing the overall strength by using the common concrete strengthening and toughening thought and technical measure is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the comprehensive performance of the lightweight aggregate by innovating the design theory of the high-performance lightweight aggregate under the existing production process and technical conditions in combination with the conditions of the existing ceramsite manufacturers and aiming at the performance requirements of the high-performance lightweight aggregate of light weight, high strength and low water absorption. The implementation of the technology has very obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a design concept and a method of high-performance lightweight aggregate with the main aim of regulating and controlling mineral composition.
The content of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of mixing a silicon-aluminum raw material and a magnesium raw material with proper amounts of a crystal nucleus agent, a swelling aid and a fluxing agent, pelletizing to obtain raw material pellets, and sintering to obtain the high-performance lightweight aggregate with cordierite as a main crystalline phase.
The high-performance lightweight aggregate is characterized in that: the mineral composition mainly comprises the following mineral phases and proportions:
cordierite: 20-60 parts;
mullite: 10-25 parts;
spinel: 0 to 15 parts;
vitreous and other: 30 to 40 portions.
The high-performance lightweight aggregate is characterized in that: the chemical composition mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: SiO2 (40-68 parts), Al2O3 (16.5-34.5 parts), MgO (9.5-15.5 parts), and the balance (6-10 parts).
The silicon-aluminum raw material is characterized in that: the source of the material comprises clay, shale, bauxite, kaolin, fly ash, silica fume and the like, and the content of silicon-aluminum oxide accounts for more than 85 percent in total.
The magnesium raw material is characterized in that: the source of the magnesium alloy comprises magnesite, dolomite, brucite, high-carbon ferrochrome slag and the like, and the content of magnesium oxide accounts for more than 30 percent of one or a plurality of combinations.
The crystal nucleus agent is characterized in that: the dosage of the crystal nucleus agent is 2.5 to 15 parts per 100 parts of raw material (dry basis).
The crystal nucleus agent is characterized in that: the raw material composition and respective dosage are that per 100 parts of raw material (dry basis): TiO2 (2.15-9.21 parts) and ZrO2 (0.35-5.79 parts), wherein the crystal nucleating agent is one or a combination of two of the above.
The swelling aid is characterized in that: the dosage is 2-7 parts per 100 parts of raw material (dry basis), and the raw material comprises one or more of iron powder, coal powder, carbon powder, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and the like.
The fluxing agent is characterized in that: the dosage is 0.3 to 8.7 parts per 100 parts of raw material (dry basis), and the raw material comprises one or a combination of more of boron oxide, zinc oxide, lanthanum oxide, caustic soda, water glass and the like.
The high-performance lightweight aggregate is characterized in that: the sintering temperature is 1250-1380 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the main mineral phases of the common ceramsite are adjusted from mullite, feldspar and a large number of glass bodies into a multiphase composite matrix which takes cordierite as a main crystal phase and contains mullite, spinel and a small number of glass bodies by combining the conditions of the conventional ceramsite manufacturers and by component adjustment and mineral reconstruction, so that the stress concentration and the microcrack quantity caused by rapid cooling during industrial production are fundamentally solved, and the performances of the lightweight aggregate are greatly improved;
2) by adopting the method of adding the crystal nucleus agent and by adjusting the technical measures of the type, the doping amount and the like of the crystal nucleus agent, the cordierite crystal can be ensured to be nucleated, grown and precipitated in a large amount in a short time (20 min-30 min), which is the key point for smoothly implementing the method.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below for better understanding, but it should not be understood that the present invention is applicable to the following examples, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above disclosure without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the main process outline of producing high-performance lightweight aggregate on a double-cylinder rotary kiln ceramsite production line is as follows:
1) uniformly mixing the mixture by adopting a forced stirring mixer, feeding the raw material powder into a balling disc by a belt conveyor to obtain light aggregate raw material balls with the diameter of 8-12 mm, aging, and drying for later use;
2) the method comprises the following steps that (1) raw material balls of the light aggregate are sent into a rotary kiln system from a kiln tail, the rotating speed of a preheating kiln (rear section of a double-cylinder rotary kiln) is 1.2r/min, the rotating speed of a calcining kiln (front section of the double-cylinder rotary kiln) is 1.8r/min, the retention time of the raw material balls in the kiln is about 30-60 min, and the temperature of a kiln head firing section is controlled at 1250-1380 ℃;
3) discharging the roasted clinker balls from a kiln head, wherein the discharging temperature is 950-1100 ℃, carrying out forced air cooling to below 100 ℃, and conveying the clinker balls into a storage yard by a conveyor;
the raw material powder comprises the following raw material and ingredients: 60 parts of shale, 21 parts of fly ash and 19 parts of magnesite; adding the following raw material powder in each 100 parts (dry basis): 3 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of coal powder and 2 parts of ZrO 2.
Example 2:
the specific implementation process of the process flow is as in example 1, except that the raw material powder raw material and the ingredient scheme are as follows: 45 parts of clay, 21 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of silica fume and 29 parts of dolomite; adding the following components in each 100 parts of raw materials (dry basis): 1 part of calcium carbonate, 5 parts of coal powder and 2 parts of TiO 2.
Example 3:
the specific implementation process of the process flow is as in example 1, except that the raw material powder raw material and the ingredient scheme are as follows: 35 parts of kaolin, 11 parts of bauxite and 54 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome slag; adding the following components in each 100 parts of raw materials (dry basis): 1 part of coal powder, 5 parts of iron powder, 5 parts of TiO2, 2 parts of ZrO2 and 0.5 part of boron oxide.
Example 4:
the specific implementation process of the process flow is as in example 1, except that the raw material powder raw material and the ingredient scheme are as follows: 55 parts of fly ash, 31 parts of bauxite and 14 parts of brucite; adding the following components in each 100 parts of raw materials (dry basis): 6 parts of calcium sulfate, 8 parts of TiO2, 2 parts of caustic soda and 0.5 part of water glass.
The relative contents of mineral compositions and the results of physical property tests of the examples are as follows:
description of the drawings: the percentage of the mineral composition is relative content obtained by fitting an X-ray diffraction pattern through X' Pert Plus software and analyzing the content of each crystal phase by a semi-quantitative (semi-quantitative) method, and the value only represents the proportion range of each crystal phase in unit mass. Since the vitreous body cannot be tested by this method, it is marked as residual.
The present invention and the technical contents not specifically described in the above embodiments are the same as the prior art.
In the above embodiment: the proportions used are not particularly specified, but are mass (weight) proportions.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented with the above-described advantageous effects.
Claims (5)
1. A high-performance lightweight aggregate for structural engineering is mainly characterized in that: adopting a silicon-aluminum raw material and a magnesium raw material, adding a crystal nucleus agent, a swelling aid and a fluxing agent, mixing, pelletizing to obtain raw material pellets, and sintering to obtain high-performance lightweight aggregate with cordierite as a main crystalline phase;
the mineral composition mainly comprises the following mineral phases and proportions:
cordierite: 20-60 parts;
mullite: 10-25 parts;
spinel: 0 to 15 parts;
vitreous and other: 30-40 parts;
the high-performance lightweight aggregate mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: SiO22(40 to 68 parts) and Al2O3(16.5 to 34.5 parts), MgO (9.5 to 15.5 parts), and the balance (6 to 10 parts);
the magnesium raw material source comprises magnesite, dolomite, brucite and high-carbon ferrochrome slag, and the content of magnesium oxide accounts for more than 30 percent of one or a plurality of combinations;
the dosage of the crystal nucleus agent is 2.5 to 15 parts of dry raw material per 100 parts of dry raw material;
the crystal nucleating agent comprises the following components in respective amounts of one or two of TiO2 (2.15-9.21 parts) and ZrO2 (0.35-5.79 parts) per 100 parts of dry raw materials.
2. The high performance lightweight aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the source of the silicon-aluminum raw material comprises one or more of shale, bauxite, kaolin, fly ash and silica fume, wherein the total content of silicon-aluminum oxides accounts for more than 85%.
3. The high performance lightweight aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the amount of the swelling aid is 2-7 parts of dry raw material per 100 parts of dry raw material, and the swelling aid comprises one or more of iron powder, coal powder, carbon powder, calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate.
4. The high performance lightweight aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the fluxing agent is 0.3 to 8.7 parts of the addition of 100 parts of dry-based raw material, and the fluxing agent comprises one or more of boron oxide, zinc oxide, lanthanum oxide, caustic soda and water glass.
5. The high performance lightweight aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sintering temperature is 1250-1380 ℃.
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| CN110871050A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-10 | 东北电力大学 | Application of lanthanum modified ecological filler adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN113045291A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-29 | 成渝钒钛科技有限公司 | High-titanium blast furnace slag external thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114014684B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-11-10 | 西南科技大学 | High-performance lightweight aggregate with gradient pore structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114409258B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-03-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Light high-strength ceramsite taking microcrystalline glass phase as matrix as well as preparation method and application of ceramsite |
| CN114751767B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-05-12 | 河南城建学院 | Porous aggregate for ultra-high performance concrete internal curing and preparation method thereof |
| CN114890728A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-12 | 成都市易建建筑材料有限公司 | Lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN115043631B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2023-08-25 | 安新县宏胜商品混凝土有限公司 | Ecological permeable concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102491773A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-06-13 | 广东热金宝新材料科技有限公司 | High-crystal mullite-iolite high-temperature industrial ceramic and production method for same |
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