CN114890728A - Lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114890728A CN114890728A CN202210575063.4A CN202210575063A CN114890728A CN 114890728 A CN114890728 A CN 114890728A CN 202210575063 A CN202210575063 A CN 202210575063A CN 114890728 A CN114890728 A CN 114890728A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001436 calcium saccharate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000837 carbohydrate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
- C04B2111/2053—Earthquake- or hurricane-resistant materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of concrete and particularly discloses lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof. The lightweight concrete comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25 to 35 percent of ceramsite, 15 to 25 percent of ceramic sand, 26 to 32 percent of cement, 5 to 10 percent of fly ash, 16 to 19 percent of water and 0.3 to 0.5 percent of additive. The application completely replaces the broken stone and the sand with haydite and pottery sand, the weight of reduction concrete that can be very big, and have excellent thermal insulation performance and fire behavior, in addition, its deformability is good, and the shrink is little, can also absorb sound and fall and make an uproar, antidetonation, be applied to industry and civil construction and other engineering with the lightweight concrete of this application, can alleviate the structure dead weight, material saving quantity, improve component transportation and hoist and mount efficiency, reduce the ground load and improve building function etc. the lightweight concrete of this application also is applicable to high-rise and large-span building.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lightweight aggregate concrete is also called lightweight concrete, called LC for short, and is structural lightweight concrete which is prepared by utilizing lightweight coarse aggregate, common sand, cement and water and has the strength grade of LC15-LC 60. The light concrete is applied to the engineering of building, can greatly reduce the dead weight of the structure while meeting the requirements of strength and other properties, has very important application value in light retardation, and is particularly suitable for reducing foundation load, large-span buildings, industrial and civil buildings and other engineering.
Along with social progress, the requirements of people on office and living environments are higher and higher, the requirements of people on functions of heat preservation, fire prevention and the like of buildings are more and more, the existing main building ground heat preservation systems are classified into inorganic foam mortar systems, foam concrete systems and lightweight concrete systems, wherein the inorganic foam mortar systems have good thermal performance, but need multiple construction procedures, are complex in structure, difficult in construction operation performance, easy to damage in the upper and lower process constructions, unstable in quality, high in maintenance cost and less than 1.0MPa in compressive strength; although the foam concrete system has good heat preservation and fire resistance, and the compressive strength is less than 3.0MPa, the foam concrete system also needs 2-3 construction procedures, and has difficult construction operation performance and high maintenance cost; the lightweight concrete system has simple construction operation, one-step construction and molding, high compressive strength of more than 5.0MPa and low maintenance cost, but the heat preservation and flame retardance and the self weight of the lightweight concrete system are poorer than those of foam concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the dead weight and improve the fireproof and heat-insulating performance, the application provides lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a lightweight concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the lightweight concrete comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
25 to 35 percent of ceramsite, 15 to 25 percent of ceramic sand, 26 to 32 percent of cement, 5 to 10 percent of fly ash, 16 to 19 percent of water and 0.3 to 0.5 percent of additive.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ceramic granules are used for replacing broken stones in the traditional concrete, and meanwhile, the ceramic sand is used for replacing natural sand or machine-made sand in the traditional concrete, so that the weight of the concrete can be greatly reduced, and the concrete with the density grade of 600-1900- 3 -1950kg/m 3 The lightweight concrete of (1). In addition, ceramsite and ceramic sand are usedThe light concrete completely replaces broken stones and sand, has excellent heat insulation performance and fireproof performance, and has certain shrinkage deformation performance.
Preferably, the apparent density of the ceramsite is 1.20-1.26g/cm 3 The cylinder pressure strength is 6-7 MPa.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lightweight concrete with good strength, light dead weight and good heat preservation and fire resistance can be obtained.
Preferably, the porosity of the ceramic sand is less than 51%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shrinkage and creep of the lightweight concrete can be reduced, and the lightweight concrete with stable quality can be obtained.
Preferably, the ceramsite comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
7-10 parts of fly ash, 1-3 parts of fluxing agent and 0.1-1 part of swelling aid;
the fluxing agent mainly comprises the following components: 68-75% of silicon dioxide, 15-20% of aluminum oxide, 2-4% of ferric oxide and 1-3.5% of potassium oxide. Further preferably, the flux includes, as main components: 72.3 percent of silicon dioxide, 17.8 percent of aluminum oxide, 3.5 percent of ferric oxide and 2.7 percent of potassium oxide.
The swelling aid is silicate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fluxing agent reacts with the main components in the fly ash to generate an eutectic mixture with a lower melting point, so that a large amount of liquid phase is generated in the calcining process, the viscosity required by the expansion of the material is achieved, and the expansion of the ceramsite is facilitated.
If only the swelling aid is added into the system, the pore structure in the obtained ceramsite is irregular and has communicating pores with different pore sizes. The ceramsite is prepared according to the formula, and the structure inside the ceramsite is a closed circular hole which is regular and has uniform aperture size. According to the formula of the ceramic particle, the fly ash, the fluxing agent and the expansion aid are matched with each other, so that the internal pore structure of the ceramic particle is improved, and the indexes of the ceramic particle, such as water absorption rate, compressive strength and the like, are improved.
Preferably, the ceramsite is prepared by the following preparation method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing the fly ash, the fluxing agent and the swelling aid according to the formula proportion, and then preparing raw material balls with the diameter of 4-10mm, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 15% -30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated material balls to 1200-1300 ℃, and then preserving the heat for 10-40 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite sand with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the expansion type ceramsite can be prepared, and the pore-shaped structure in the obtained ceramsite is a closed circular hole which is regular and has uniform pore size. In addition, the ceramic sand can be synchronously prepared while the ceramic particles are prepared, so that the cost and the working procedures are saved.
Further preferably, when the fly ash, the fluxing agent and the swelling aid are uniformly mixed and then pelletized, the grain size of the pellets is controlled within 3-10 mm, which is beneficial to controlling the proportion of the final ceramsite and the ceramic sand.
In addition, the expansion of the ceramsite is favorably improved by controlling the drying preheating temperature, the calcining temperature and the like, so that the water absorption and the strength of the ceramsite are favorably improved.
In the application, the grain size of the ceramsite is 5-15mm continuous gradation, the grain size of the ceramsite is 0-5mm continuous gradation, and the ceramsite are matched with each other, so that the construction performance of the lightweight concrete can be improved, and the compressive strength of the lightweight concrete can be improved.
Preferably, in the drying and preheating step, the raw material balls are heated from room temperature to 200 ℃, and then the temperature is increased from 200 ℃ to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the calcination step, the dried and preheated pellets are heated and calcined at the rate of 3-5 ℃/min to 1240-1280 ℃ and then are subjected to heat preservation at 1240-1280 ℃ for 15-30 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature and the heating rate of drying and preheating are controlled, the temperature and the heating rate of calcining are controlled, the expansion performance of the ceramsite can be improved, and the temperature of the ceramsite expandsCoefficient of expansion of 7 x 10 -6 /℃-10×10 -6 The floating rate of the ceramsite can reach 100 percent, and the higher the floating rate of the ceramsite in water is, the better the expansion effect is.
The inventor finds that the influence of the temperature during drying and preheating on the expansion of the ceramsite is smaller than the influence of the calcining temperature, so that the heating rate of drying and preheating can be faster than that of calcining, the time can be saved, and the cost can be reduced. In addition, when the formula proportion is fixed, the calcining temperature is gradually increased from 1000 ℃ to 1300 ℃, the expansibility of the ceramsite is firstly increased and then reduced, and the optimal expansibility temperature is 1240-1280 ℃. In the application, the temperature and the speed of drying, preheating and calcining are controlled, the particle strength of the ceramsite can be obviously improved, the water absorption rate of the ceramsite is reduced, particularly the pore-shaped structure in the ceramsite can be improved, the heat insulation performance and the fire resistance performance of concrete are improved, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.18-1.01 (W/m.k), and the heat conductivity coefficient is 1.28-2.26 (square meter/h).
Preferably, the additive comprises a water reducing agent, a retarder, a construction improving agent and amylase.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the water reducing agent, the construction modifier, the retarder and the amylase is (3-5): (2-4): (1-2): (0.5-0.8), most preferably 4.7:3.3:1.5: 0.5.
The water reducing agent is a high-efficiency water reducing agent, preferably a naphthalene high-efficiency water reducing agent in the application, and has the water reducing rate of 25-35% and the pH value of 8-9.
The retarder is saccharide retarder, and the saccharide retarder can be calcium saccharate and gluconate. In the application, the construction improving agent can improve the construction performance of light retardation, and the sugar retarder and the amylase are matched with each other, so that the construction performance of light concrete can be further improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing lightweight concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
according to the formula proportion, uniformly mixing ceramsite and ceramic sand, and then uniformly mixing the ceramsite and the ceramic sand with cement and fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving the additive in water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Preferably, the ceramic sand is pre-wetted for 18-24 hours before being mixed with the ceramic grains, so that the water content of the ceramic sand is 30% -40%.
The pottery sand is pre-wetted before being mixed with the ceramsite, so that the elasticity of the concrete can be enhanced, and the elastic modulus of the pottery sand is 0.94 multiplied by 10 4 N/mm 2 -2.1×10 4 N/mm 2 The shrinkage of concrete can be reduced, and the shrinkage value omega (t is 28) is less than or equal to 0.36 mm/m.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: the ceramsite and the ceramic sand are used for completely replacing broken stones and sand, so that the weight of the concrete can be greatly reduced, and the obtained concrete has the density grade of 600-1900 and the dry apparent density of 560kg/m 3 -1950kg/m 3 The lightweight concrete has excellent heat insulation performance and fireproof performance, and in addition, the lightweight concrete prepared according to the formula and the preparation method of the lightweight concrete has good deformation performance and small shrinkage, can absorb sound, reduce noise and resist shock.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. Specifically, the following are described: the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer; the starting materials used in the following examples are all those conventionally commercially available except where specifically noted.
The main components of the fluxing agent in the preparation example comprise: 72.3 percent of silicon dioxide, 17.8 percent of aluminum oxide, 3.5 percent of ferric oxide and 2.7 percent of potassium oxide.
Preparation example
Preparation example 1
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 8kg of fly ash, 1.9kg of fluxing agent and 0.1kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 15%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1300 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 15min at 1300 ℃;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 1 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 1 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 2
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 10kg of fly ash, 1kg of fluxing agent and 1kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 15%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1300 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 15min at 1300 ℃;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 2 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 2 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 3
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 15%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1300 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 15min at 1300 ℃;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 3 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 3 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 4
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1000 ℃, and preserving heat at 1000 ℃ for 40 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 4 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 4 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 5
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 25min at 1200 ℃;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 5 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 5 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 6
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 200 ℃ from room temperature, and then heating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from 200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1280 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 1280 ℃ for 20 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 6 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 6 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 7
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 200 ℃ from room temperature, and then heating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1240 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at 1240 ℃ for 20 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 7 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 7 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 8
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 200 ℃ from room temperature, and then heating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 1250 ℃ for 20 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 8 with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite 8 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Preparation example 9
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash, 2.8kg of fluxing agent and 0.2kg of expansion aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 3-20 mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 200 ℃ from room temperature, and then heating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 1250 ℃ for 20 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite 9 with the particle size of 5-30mm and ceramsite 9 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Comparative preparation example 1
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 9.8kg of fly ash and 0.2kg of swelling aid, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 200 ℃ from room temperature, and then heating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 1250 ℃ for 20 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain the comparative ceramsite 1 with the particle size of 5-15mm and the comparative ceramsite 1 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Comparative preparation example 2
The ceramsite is prepared by the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing 7.0kg of fly ash and 3kg of fluxing agent, and then preparing raw material balls with the particle size of 4-10mm by using a ball forming disc, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 200 ℃ from room temperature, and then heating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated pellets to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 1250 ℃ for 20 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain the comparative ceramsite 2 with the particle size of 5-15mm and the comparative ceramsite 2 with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
Examples
Example 1
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
uniformly mixing 2.5kg of ceramsite 1 and 1.5kg of ceramsite 1, and then uniformly mixing the mixture with 3.2kg of cement and 1.0kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.05kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer in 1.75kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 2
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
uniformly mixing 3.5kg of ceramsite 1 and 1.6kg of ceramsite 1, and then uniformly mixing the mixture with 2.67kg of cement and 0.5kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.03kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer in 1.7kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 3
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
uniformly mixing 3.2kg of ceramsite 1 and 1.8kg of ceramsite 1, and then uniformly mixing the mixture with 2.6kg of cement and 0.6kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.03kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer into 1.77kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 4
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
uniformly mixing 2.5kg of ceramsite 1 and 2.5kg of ceramsite 1, and then uniformly mixing the mixture with 2.6kg of cement and 0.5kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.03kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer into 1.87kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 5
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
uniformly mixing 3.2kg of ceramsite 1 and 1.8kg of ceramsite 1, and then uniformly mixing the mixture with 2.6kg of cement and 0.6kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.075kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer, 0.075kg of retarder, 0.075kg of construction improver and 0.075kg of amylase in 1.77kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 6
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
uniformly mixing 3.2kg of ceramsite 1 and 1.8kg of ceramsite 1, and then uniformly mixing the mixture with 2.6kg of cement and 0.6kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.141kg of naphthalene superplasticizer, 0.099kg of retarder, 0.045kg of construction improver and 0.015kg of amylase in 1.77kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 7
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
1.8kg of pottery sand is wetted for 18 hours to ensure that the water content is 30 percent;
uniformly mixing 3.2kg of ceramsite 1 and ceramic sand 1, and then uniformly mixing with 2.6kg of cement and 0.6kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.141kg of naphthalene superplasticizer, 0.099kg of retarder, 0.045kg of construction improver and 0.015kg of amylase in 1.77kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 8
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
wetting 1.8kg of pottery sand for 24 hours to enable the water content to be 40%;
uniformly mixing 3.2kg of ceramsite 1 and ceramic sand 1, and then uniformly mixing with 2.6kg of cement and 0.6kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.141kg of naphthalene superplasticizer, 0.099kg of retarder, 0.045kg of construction improver and 0.015kg of amylase in 1.77kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Example 9
A lightweight concrete is prepared as follows:
1.8kg of pottery sand is wetted for 20 hours to ensure that the water content is 35 percent;
uniformly mixing 3.2kg of ceramsite 1 and ceramic sand 1, and then uniformly mixing with 2.6kg of cement and 0.6kg of fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving 0.141kg of naphthalene superplasticizer, 0.099kg of retarder, 0.045kg of construction improver and 0.015kg of amylase in 1.77kg of water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
Examples 9 to 17
Examples 10-17 differ from example 9 only in that examples 10-17 employ different ceramic granules and sands, all of which are consistent with example 9. The ceramsite and the ceramic sand in examples 10 to 17 are specifically shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Ceramic particle | Ceramic sand |
| Example 9 | Ceramsite 1 | Ceramic sand 1 |
| Example 10 | Ceramsite 2 | Ceramic sand 2 |
| Example 11 | Ceramic grain 3 | Ceramic sand 3 |
| Example 12 | Ceramsite 4 | Ceramic sand 4 |
| Example 13 | Ceramsite 5 | Ceramic sand 5 |
| Example 14 | Ceramsite 6 | Ceramic sand 6 |
| Example 15 | Ceramsite 7 | Ceramic sand 7 |
| Example 16 | Ceramsite 8 | Ceramic sand 8 |
| Example 17 | Ceramsite 9 | Pottery sand 9 |
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 9 only in that in comparative example 1, the ceramic aggregate 1 is replaced by an equal amount of comparative ceramic aggregate 1, the ceramic sand 1 is replaced by an equal amount of comparative ceramic sand 1, and the rest is identical to example 9.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 9 only in that in comparative example 2, the ceramic aggregate 1 is replaced by an equal amount of comparative ceramic aggregate 2, the ceramic sand 1 is replaced by an equal amount of comparative ceramic sand 2, and the rest is identical to example 9.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 9 only in that in comparative example 3 the ceramsite 1 is replaced by an equal amount of crushed stone, the rest remaining identical to example 9.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 9 only in that comparative example 4 replaces ceramic sand 1 with an equal amount of machine-made sand, and the rest is identical to example 9.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 9 only in that in comparative example 5, the ceramsite 1 is replaced with an equal amount of crushed stone, the ceramsite 1 is replaced with an equal amount of machine-made sand, and the rest is identical to example 9.
Performance test
1. The basic properties of the ceramsite 1-9 prepared in preparation examples 1-9 and the comparative ceramsite 1-2 prepared in comparative preparation examples 1-2 were measured, and the specific measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2
| Ceramic particle | Apparent density g/cm3 | Barrel pressure strength/MPa | Percent flotation/percent |
| Preparation example 1 (Haydite 1) | 1.22 | 6.4 | 88 |
| Preparation example 2 (Haydite 2) | 1.23 | 6.2 | 85 |
| Preparation example 3 (Haydite 3) | 1.22 | 6.6 | 90 |
| Preparation example 4 (Haydite 4) | 1.26 | 6.0 | 72 |
| Preparation example 5 (Haydite 5) | 1.25 | 6.3 | 84 |
| Preparation example 6 (Haydite 6) | 1.21 | 6.8 | 93 |
| Preparation example 7 (Haydite 7) | 1.21 | 6.9 | 95 |
| Preparation example 8 (Haydite 8) | 1.20 | 7 | 100 |
| Preparation example 9 (Haydite 9) | 1.21 | 6.9 | 99 |
| COMPARATIVE PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1 (COMPARATIVE HAydite 1) | 1.50 | 4.1 | 60 |
| COMPARATIVE PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2 (COMPARATIVE HAydite 2) | 1.35 | 5.4 | 82 |
The smaller the apparent density of the ceramsite is, the smaller the self weight of the light retardation prepared by the ceramsite is; the larger the floating rate of the ceramsite is, the better the expansibility of the ceramsite is; the higher the cylinder pressure strength of the ceramsite is, the better the strength of the ceramsite is, namely the better the pore-forming structure in the ceramsite is, and the pore-shaped structure is a regular closed circular hole with uniform pore size.
As can be seen by combining preparation examples 1-3 and table 2, the composition and proportion of the ceramsite mainly affect the cylinder pressure strength and the expansion performance of the ceramsite; under the same process, when the mass ratio of the fly ash to the fluxing agent to the expansion aid is 7:2.8:0.2, the obtained ceramsite has the best barrel pressure strength, and the ceramsite has the best expansibility.
As can be seen by combining preparation examples 3-5 and Table 2, the calcination temperature has a large influence on the performance of the ceramsite with a certain formula, and the basic performance of the ceramsite is poor when the calcination temperature is not higher than 1200 ℃, so that the calcination temperature of the formula is at least higher than 1200 ℃.
Combining the preparation examples 6-7 and the table 2, it can be seen that in the drying and preheating step for preparing the ceramsite with a certain formula, the raw pellets are heated from room temperature to 200 ℃ first, then the temperature is increased from 200 ℃ to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, the dried and preheated pellets are heated and calcined at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min to 1240 and 1280 ℃ during calcination, and then the heat is preserved at the temperature of 1240 and 1280 ℃ for 15-30min, which is beneficial to improving the quality of the ceramsite.
In combination with preparation example 6 and preparation comparative examples 1 to 2 and table 2, it can be seen that the basic properties of the ceramsite are poor when no flux or swelling aid is present in the system, and particularly when no flux is present, the basic properties of the ceramsite are particularly poor, so that it is known that the flux and swelling aid are indispensable for obtaining the ceramsite with excellent properties.
2. The lightweight concrete prepared in examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were tested for properties, and the specific test results are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3
As can be seen by combining examples 1-17 with Table 3, the formulations and preparation processes of the present applicationThe apparent density of the obtained light retardation is 760 and 1350kg/m 3 The compressive strength is 30.2-40.7MPa, the thermal conductivity is 0.18-0.39W/m.k, and the fire-retardant rating is B2 grade, so that the formula and the preparation method can be used for preparing the heat-insulating and fire-retardant lightweight concrete with light dead weight.
As can be seen by combining examples 6-9 with Table 3, the pre-wetting of the ceramic sand prior to mixing with the ceramsite improves the performance of the lightweight concrete.
The combination of examples 9-17 and comparative examples 1-2 and Table 3 shows that the performance of the ceramsite has a great influence on the performance of the lightweight concrete, and the preparation of the ceramsite according to the formula and the preparation method of the application is beneficial to obtaining the lightweight concrete which is light in self weight, heat-insulating and fireproof.
By combining example 9 and comparative examples 3-5 with table 3, it can be seen that the weight of concrete can be greatly reduced and the heat-insulating and fireproof performance of concrete can be improved by using the ceramsite and the ceramic sand of the present application.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A lightweight concrete characterized in that: comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
25 to 35 percent of ceramsite, 15 to 25 percent of ceramic sand, 26 to 32 percent of cement, 5 to 10 percent of fly ash, 16 to 19 percent of water and 0.3 to 0.5 percent of additive.
2. The lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the apparent density of the ceramsite is 1.20-1.26g/cm 3 The cylinder pressure strength is 6-7 MPa.
3. The lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the porosity of the ceramic sand is less than 51%.
4. The lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the ceramsite comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
7-10 parts of fly ash, 1-3 parts of fluxing agent and 0.1-1 part of swelling aid;
the fluxing agent mainly comprises the following components: 68-75% of silicon dioxide, 15-20% of aluminum oxide, 2-4% of ferric oxide and 1-3.5% of potassium oxide.
5. The lightweight concrete according to claim 4, wherein: the ceramsite is prepared by the following preparation method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
balling: uniformly mixing the fly ash, the fluxing agent and the swelling aid according to the formula proportion, and then preparing raw material balls with the diameter of 4-10mm, wherein the water content of the raw material balls is 15% -30%;
drying and preheating: drying and preheating the raw material balls to 800 ℃ from room temperature;
and (3) calcining: heating and calcining the dried and preheated material balls to 1200-1300 ℃, and then preserving the heat for 10-40 min;
and (3) cooling: and cooling and screening the calcined material to obtain ceramsite with the particle size of 5-15mm and ceramsite with the particle size of 0-5 mm.
6. The lightweight concrete according to claim 5, wherein: in the drying and preheating step, the raw material balls are heated from room temperature to 200 ℃, and then the temperature is increased from 200 ℃ to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min.
7. The lightweight concrete according to claim 5, wherein: in the calcining step, the dried and preheated pellets are heated and calcined to 1240-1280 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min, and then the temperature is kept at 1240-1280 ℃ for 15-30 min.
8. The lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the additive comprises a water reducing agent, a retarder, a construction improving agent and amylase.
9. The method for producing lightweight concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula proportion, uniformly mixing ceramsite and ceramic sand, and then uniformly mixing the ceramsite and the ceramic sand with cement and fly ash to obtain a dry material;
dissolving the additive in water to obtain a mixed solution;
and uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the dry materials to obtain the lightweight concrete.
10. The lightweight concrete according to claim 9, wherein: the ceramic sand is pre-wetted for 18-24 hours before being mixed with the ceramic grains, so that the water content is 30% -40%.
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