CN108419602B - Method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi - Google Patents
Method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi, which is characterized in that nutrient materials of target fungi of the mycorrhizal edible fungi are mixed according to a proportion to be prepared into powder, granules, water or capsules, and the nutrient materials are dibbled in forest land according to dosage before the fruiting of the target fungi of the mycorrhizal edible fungi; the nutrient material comprises carbon compounds (such as monosaccharide, polysaccharide organic acid, alcohol, aromatic compounds and hydroxyl), nitrogen compounds (such as purine, pyrimidine, amino acids, peptide, peptone, vitamin C, vitamin D,
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus propagation promotion, in particular to a method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi.
Background
There are about two to three thousand edible fungi recorded in the world, and the most expensive and popular most of them belong to mycorrhizal edible fungi, such as truffles, matsutake, lactarius deliciosus, bolete, chanterelle, eurotium cristatum, etc. The mycorrhizal edible fungi, as a non-wood forest product, plays a positive role in maintaining the biodiversity of forests, is becoming another important product and income source in forests besides wood, is even considered as the second major crop obtained from forests by human beings, and has the advantage that other traditional crops are difficult to compare favorably. The world mycorrhizal edible fungi trade is in the future, and the mycorrhizal edible fungi in Yunnan of China stably live in the front of agricultural product export.
The edible mycorrhizal fungi must be symbiotic with corresponding host plants to produce fruiting bodies, and the life history is completed. The plant root system and the fungal spore or hyphae are contacted and identified with each other to generate a series of response mechanisms, and then a series of structural variation reactions occur to finally form the mycorrhizal structure with obvious characteristics (such as hypha sleeves, Harti's nets and the like). The formation of mycorrhiza is the result of the interaction between plant and fungi and the surrounding environment, and is also the precondition for further development to produce fungus fruiting body, complete the generation development of fungi, plant growth stimulation and realization of healthy growth.
In order to realize the propagation promotion and yield increase of mycorrhizal edible fungi, the prior art achieves the purpose of promoting the development of mycorrhiza by supplementing shortage elements such as iron, zinc, boron and the like to the leaf surfaces or root systems of host plants. However, in practice, it has been found that the following disadvantages exist by supplementing the host plant tree with elements that are in short supply: firstly, the propagation promoting and yield increasing effects of the mycorrhizal edible fungi are not obvious, and elements which are in short supply of host plants in soil cannot be accurately mastered, so that the yield is influenced; secondly, fertilizing the host tree promotes the growth of the plant, but is not the same as providing required nutrient elements for mycorrhizal edible fungi symbiotic with the host tree (nutrient substances required by the plant and nutrient substances required by fungi are not completely consistent), so that the aims of promoting the growth of mycorrhizal edible fungi hyphae, forming a fungi pond and promoting the yield increase are not achieved.
The applicant is engaged in the research of the mycorrhizal edible fungi throughout the year, the ectotrophic mycorrhizal edible fungi and the plant root form a symbiotic relationship, and the mycorrhizal edible fungi absorb nutrient substances from the roots of the forest trees and the soil to obtain energy and maintain other metabolic functions. By analyzing the chemical components of various mycorrhizal edible fungi, the mycorrhizal edible fungi contain about 80 percent of average water content, and the rest about 20 percent of the average water content is dry matter which contains protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid, mineral substances and the like. Wherein carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are four major elements constituting the organic matter and account for about 90 to 97 percent of the dry matter. The other 3-10% is mineral elements which play an important role in the growth of mycorrhizal fungi.
In summary, the invention provides a method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi, which can promote propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi in a large scale, is simple to operate and easy to popularize, and can be applied to specific mycorrhizal edible fungi in a targeted amount, and is an innovation of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the method for promoting the propagation and increasing the yield of the mycorrhizal edible fungi, which can promote the propagation and increasing the yield of the mycorrhizal edible fungi on a large scale, is simple to operate and easy to popularize and can carry out targeted quantitative application on the specific mycorrhizal edible fungi. The hypha growth of the target bacteria is promoted by inoculating nutrient substances required by the growth of the target bacteria, so that the aims of effectively promoting propagation and increasing yield are fulfilled. Provides a new technology for the propagation promotion and the yield increase of the mycorrhizal edible fungi.
The invention provides a method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi, which adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi comprises selecting target mycorrhizal edible fungi, mixing the nutrient materials of the target mycorrhizal edible fungi in proportion to prepare powder, granule, aqueous solution or capsule, and dibbling the nutrient materials in forest land according to dosage before the target mycorrhizal edible fungi grow; the nutrient material comprises one or more of carbon compounds, nitrogen compounds or mineral elements and a plurality of trace elements.
Preferably, the nutrient materials are dibbled in the forest land 1-3 months before the fruiting of the fungus of the mycorrhizal edible fungi.
Preferably, the ratio of the nutrient materials is suitable for the growth of the selected target fungus of the mycorrhizal edible fungus.
Preferably, hypha culture strains of the objective mycorrhizal edible fungi are separated and selected in advance, the strains are cultured in a laboratory by a preferred method, and an optimal culture medium of the objective mycorrhizal edible fungi is screened from the nutrient materials and is used as the nutrient materials of the objective fungi.
Preferably, one or more auxiliary agents selected from filler, filler and sustained release agent can be added when the nutritional materials are prepared into powder and granules.
Preferably, each dose contains 200-1200mg of the nutritional material.
Preferably, 1 dosage of the nutrient materials should be dibbled at a distance of 0.5-2 m × 0.5-2 m when in use.
Preferably, the carbon compound comprises one or more of monosaccharide, polysaccharide organic acid, alcohol, aromatic compound or hydroxyl; the nitrogen compound comprises purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, peptide, peptone,
One or more of protein or nitrate; the mineral elements include one or more of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following technical effects:
according to the method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of the mycorrhizal edible fungi, provided by the invention, the nutrition materials are dibbled according to the dosage, so that the propagation and the yield of the mycorrhizal edible fungi can be promoted on a large scale, the operation is simple, the popularization is easy, and the specific mycorrhizal edible fungi can be applied in a targeted manner. The nutrient materials comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements which are suitable for the growth of the mycorrhizal edible fungi, and the nutrient materials are subjected to appropriate targeted proportion aiming at different target fungi of the mycorrhizal edible fungi and are dibbled in forest lands where the target fungi grow so as to promote the growth of the target fungi and achieve the aims of effectively promoting propagation and increasing yield.
The invention adopts powder, granules, aqueous solution or capsules, improves the absorption and transportation of mineral elements and trace elements by roots, and improves the utilization rate; the mineral elements can promote the growth of fungi, promote the development and growth of fungi by matching with trace elements, and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting in any way.
Example 1
A method for promoting reproduction and increasing yield of boletus edulis comprises the following steps:
1) when the fruiting bodies of the boletus edulis grow out, the production place information is found and recorded in the natural environment in the field, and the boletus edulis is picked and identified or identified in a sample plot and hypha is separated to culture strains. The optimal culture medium (nutrient material) of the boletus edulis is cultured and screened in a laboratory by a preferred method, wherein: the preferred culture medium of the boletus edulis comprises, by weight, 35.6% of ammonium nitrate, 38.8% of potassium nitrate, 9.2% of calcium chloride, 8.7% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of ferrous sulfate, 3.9% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% of zinc sulfate, 0.8% of chelate and 2.0% of trace elements. The above-described hypha culture method is merely an example, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
2) Mixing the above nutritional materials into powder, adding 50% vermiculite powder as filler, and selecting No. 0 capsule shell, wherein each capsule is filled with 400 mg. In light of the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art can conceive solutions without creative efforts, and the solutions are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
3) The next year, a square sample plot of 30m × 30m and a control sample plot of the same size are arranged in a production place of boletus edulis, 1 capsule is dibbled in the square sample plot by a manual agricultural dibbling machine according to the distance of 1m × 1m 2 months before fruiting, the control sample plot is not dibbled, the capsule has a slow release effect in soil, the nutrient materials in the capsule are ensured to fully play a role for a long time, the dibbling mode can achieve quantitative fertilization, the soil structure cannot be broken, the yield increasing and propagation promoting effects are obvious, and the propagation promoting cost is also reduced.
4) The annual fruiting yield of the contrast plot is 12.6kg by 62.5kg by the fruiting season, and the yield is increased by 5 times. It is understood that the dibbling method of this example can greatly improve the yield of Boletus edulis.
The method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of the mycorrhizal edible fungi is a brand new technical scheme provided for promoting propagation and increasing yield of large-scale mycorrhizal edible fungi. The purpose of increasing the yield of the sporocarp is realized by supplementing nutrient substances required by the mycorrhizal edible fungi through manual intervention. The method has huge economic potential and wide application prospect for realizing large-scale propagation promotion and yield increase of the mycorrhizal edible fungi and fully utilizing natural resources. The method is a cross of biology (microbiology, bacteriology) and agronomy technologies, draws the advantages of multiple disciplines, and has obvious value advantage. Simple operation and easy wide popularization and application.
Example 2
A method for promoting reproduction and increasing yield of boletus edulis comprises the following steps:
1) when the fruiting bodies of the boletus edulis grow out, the production place information is found and recorded in the natural environment in the field, and the boletus edulis is picked and identified or identified in a sample plot and hypha is separated to culture strains. The optimal culture medium (nutrient material) of the boletus edulis is cultured and screened in a laboratory by a preferred method, wherein: the preferred culture medium of the boletus edulis comprises, by weight, 35.6% of ammonium nitrate, 38.8% of potassium nitrate, 9.2% of calcium chloride, 8.7% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of ferrous sulfate, 3.9% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% of zinc sulfate, 0.8% of chelate and 2.0% of trace elements. The above-described hypha culture method is merely an example, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
2) 50% of vermiculite powder is added into the nutrient materials to be used as a filling agent, and then the nutrient materials are mixed and prepared into particles.
3) The method is characterized in that a square sample plot with the size of 30m × 30m and a control sample plot with the same size are arranged in a production place of boletus edulis in the next year, a certain amount of particles are dibbled in the square sample plot by a manual agricultural dibbling machine according to the distance of 1m × 1m 80 days before fruiting, and the control sample plot is not dibbled.
4) The annual fruiting yield of the fruiting body is 58.5kg by the fruiting season, the annual fruiting yield of the contrast sample plot is 12.5kg, and the yield increase rate is also higher. It is understood that the dibbling method of this example can greatly improve the yield of Boletus edulis.
Example 3
A method for promoting reproduction and increasing yield of Thelephora ganbajun zang comprises the following steps:
1) when the dry fungus grows out of the fruiting body, the dry fungus is picked up in the producing area to separate hypha and culture the strain. The strain is cultivated in the laboratory by the optimization method and the optimal culture medium (nutrient material) of the Thelephora ganbajun is screened, wherein: 34.5 percent of ammonium nitrate, 39.7 percent of potassium nitrate, 9.1 percent of calcium chloride, 7.8 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.6 percent of ferrous sulfate, 3.6 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.8 percent of chelate and 3.4 percent of trace elements. The above-described hypha culture method is merely an example, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
2) Mixing the above nutritional materials into powder, adding 50% of pottery clay powder, and making into tablet, wherein each tablet is 400 mg.
3) A square sample plot of 20m × 30m was set in the producing area of Thelephora ganbajun the next year, and 1 tablet was spotted in the sample plot 60 days before fruiting at a distance of 1m × 1m by using a manual agricultural seed-sowing machine.
4) The annual fruiting yield by the fruiting season is 7.3 kg.
The applicant carries out more detailed statistical research on the yield increasing method for the sparassis crispa conservation and propagation promotion, and the research method is a comparison method:
in the first test, square sample plot of 20m × 30m and control sample plot were set, 1 tablet was spotted at a distance of 2m × 2m 45 days before fruiting, the control sample plot was not spotted, and the total weight of the dried pasteur fruiting body was 1.3 times the total weight of the fruiting body in the control sample plot.
The second set of experiments, setting square sample plot of 20m × 30m and control sample plot, seeding 1 tablet at a distance of 1.5m × 1.5m 60 days before fruiting, and not seeding the control sample plot, wherein the total weight of the dry pasteur fruiting body is 2.4 times of the total weight of the fruiting body in the control sample plot.
In the third test, square sample plots of 20m × 30m and control samples were set, 1 tablet was spotted at a distance of 1m × 1m 60 days before fruiting, and the control samples were not spotted, wherein the total weight of the fruiting bodies of the whole producing period of the Sparassis crispa was 2.9 times the total weight of the fruiting bodies of the control samples.
And a fourth test, setting a square sample plot with the length of 20m × 30m and a control sample plot, dibbling 1 tablet at the distance of 1m × 1m 60 days before fruiting, after the fruiting and picking of the 1 st time of the Sparassis crispa, dibbling 1 tablet at the distance of 1m × 1m, not dibbling the control sample plot, and enabling the total weight of the Sparassis crispa fruiting bodies in the whole production period to be 3.6 times of that in the control sample plot.
Example 4
A method for promoting reproduction and increasing yield of Thelephora ganbajun zang comprises the following steps:
1) when the dry fungus grows out of the fruiting body, the dry fungus is picked up in the producing area to separate hypha and culture the strain. The strain is cultivated in the laboratory by the optimization method and the optimal culture medium (nutrient material) of the Thelephora ganbajun is screened, wherein: 34.5 percent of ammonium nitrate, 39.7 percent of potassium nitrate, 9.1 percent of calcium chloride, 7.8 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.6 percent of ferrous sulfate, 3.6 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.8 percent of chelate and 3.4 percent of trace elements. The above-described hypha culture method is merely an example, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
2) The nutrient materials are added with 50% of water retention agent as an auxiliary agent to prepare coated particles, and each coated particle is 400 mg.
3) The method is characterized in that a square sample plot with the size of 20m × 30m is arranged in a producing area of thelephora ganbajun in the next year, 1 coated particle is dibbled in the sample plot by a manual agricultural dibbling machine according to the distance of 1m × 1m 60 days before fruiting, the coated particles have a slow release effect in soil, the nutrient materials in the coated particles can be guaranteed to fully play a role for a long time, the dibbling mode can be used for quantitative fertilization, the soil structure cannot be broken, the yield increasing and breeding promoting effects are obvious, and the cultivation cost is reduced.
4) The annual fruiting yield by the fruiting season is 8.2 kg.
The applicant carries out more detailed statistical research on the yield increasing method for the sparassis crispa conservation and propagation promotion, and the research method is a comparison method:
the first test set is to set square sample plot of 20m × 30m and control sample plot, dibbling 1 coated granule at a distance of 2m × 2m 45 days before fruiting, not dibbling in control sample plot, and the total weight of the dry pasteur fruiting body is 1.6 times of the total weight of the fruiting body in control sample plot.
The second set of experiments, setting a square sample plot of 20m × 30m and a control sample plot, seeding 1 coated granule at a distance of 1.5m × 1.5m 60 days before fruiting, and not seeding the control sample plot, wherein the total weight of the Sparassis Crispa fruiting body is 2.6 times of the total weight of the fruiting body of the control sample plot.
In the third test, a square sample plot of 20m × 30m and a control sample plot were set, 1 coated granule was spotted at a distance of 1m × 1m 60 days before fruiting, the control sample plot was not spotted, and the total weight of the fruiting bodies of the whole producing period Thelephora ganbajun was 3.1 times of the total weight of the fruiting bodies of the control sample plot.
And a fourth test, setting a square sample plot with the length of 20m × 30m and a control sample plot, dibbling 1 coated particle at the distance of 1m × 1m 60 days before fruiting, after the fruiting and picking of the 1 st time of the Sparassis crispa, dibbling 1 coated particle at the distance of 1m × 1m, not dibbling the control sample plot, and enabling the total weight of the Sparassis crispa fruiting bodies in the whole production period to be 3.9 times of that in the control sample plot.
In practice, the dibbling method is found to be suitable for all mycorrhizal edible fungi, 1 piece of edible fungi is dibbled at a distance of 0.5-2 m × 0.5.5-2 m, and the dibbling method has the optimal dosage, and experiments are carried out on various mycorrhizal edible fungi such as truffles, boletes, tricholoma matsutake, chanterelle, lactarius deliciosus and lactarius rufuscus, and the like, so that the method has the effects of promoting propagation and increasing yield.
The trace elements in the present invention are elements which are required for plants to absorb a very small amount of iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, selenium, iodine, nickel, fluorine, molybdenum, vanadium, tin, silicon, strontium, boron, arsenic, etc. as nutrients in addition to elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. which are required for the life activities of microorganisms, and are called trace elements.
The invention provides a carbon compound (such as monosaccharide, polysaccharide organic acid, alcohol, aromatic compound and hydroxyl) and a nitrogen compound (such as purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, peptide, peptone, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin,
And protein, nitrate, etc.), mineral elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and trace elements, and can promote propagation and increase yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi.
The fruiting in the present invention means that the edible fungi of mycorrhiza form fruiting body.
Compared with the conventional mode of supplementing shortage elements to the leaf surfaces or root systems of host plants, the method has the following advantages that the specific nutrient materials required by dibbling the target bacteria are provided: firstly, the dibbling method has obvious effects of promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi, and can improve the yield by times; secondly, the nutrient material can be quantitatively applied without damaging the soil structure; in addition, the material cost is low, no residue is generated, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace elements are essential elements of the mycorrhizal edible fungi, the required nutrition is provided for the mycorrhizal edible fungi by the point seeding of the elements, and a new technology is provided for the cultivation of the mycorrhizal edible fungi.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi is characterized in that nutrient materials required by objective mycorrhizal edible fungi are mixed in proportion to prepare powder, granules or capsules, the nutrient materials are sowed in forest lands according to dosage before fruiting of the objective mycorrhizal edible fungi, the nutrient materials comprise one or more of carbon compounds, nitrogen compounds or mineral elements and a plurality of trace elements, the dosage of the nutrient materials is 200-1200mg, and when the method is used, 1 dosage of the nutrient materials is sowed at a distance of 0.5-2 m × 0.5.5-2 m;
the method is used for promoting reproduction and increasing yield of boletus edulis, when the boletus edulis grows out of fruiting bodies, producing area information is found and recorded in a wild natural environment, and boletus edulis is picked and identified or identified in a sample plot and hypha is separated to culture strains; culturing strains in a laboratory by an optimization method and screening a culture medium of boletus edulis as a nutrient material of target bacteria, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35.6 percent of ammonium nitrate, 38.8 percent of potassium nitrate, 9.2 percent of calcium chloride, 8.7 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 percent of ferrous sulfate, 3.9 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.8 percent of chelate and 2.0 percent of trace elements;
or the method is used for promoting propagation and increasing yield of Thelephora ganbajun zang, and when the Thelephora ganbajun zang grows out of fruiting bodies, the Thelephora ganbajun zang is picked in the producing area to separate hypha and culture the strain; culturing strains in a laboratory by a preferred method and screening a culture medium of Thelephora ganbajun, as a nutrient material of a target bacterium, wherein: 34.5 percent of ammonium nitrate, 39.7 percent of potassium nitrate, 9.1 percent of calcium chloride, 7.8 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.6 percent of ferrous sulfate, 3.6 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.8 percent of chelate and 3.4 percent of trace elements.
2. The method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutrient materials are dibbled in woodland according to dosage 1-3 months before the fruiting of the fungus of the mycorrhizal edible fungus.
3. The method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: one or more auxiliary agents of a filling agent and a slow release agent can be added when the nutrient materials are prepared into powder, granules or capsules.
4. The method for promoting propagation and increasing yield of mycorrhizal edible fungi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon compound comprises one or more of monosaccharide, polysaccharide organic acid, alcohol, aromatic compound or hydroxyl; the nitrogen compound comprises one or more of purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, peptide, peptone, , protein or nitrate; the mineral elements include one or more of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
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