CN108418497B - Segmented winding motor controller and control method - Google Patents
Segmented winding motor controller and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108418497B CN108418497B CN201810457044.5A CN201810457044A CN108418497B CN 108418497 B CN108418497 B CN 108418497B CN 201810457044 A CN201810457044 A CN 201810457044A CN 108418497 B CN108418497 B CN 108418497B
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/188—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor windings are switched from series to parallel or vice versa to control speed or torque
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
A motor controller with sectional windings and a control method thereof are provided, the motor controller comprises a motor stator winding, three phases of the motor stator winding are divided into two sections, one section is a high-low speed driving winding, the number of turns is W2, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as a, b and c, and the whole is an abc winding; the other section is a low-speed driving winding, a circuit is connected only at a low speed, the number of turns is W1, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as A, B and C, and the whole is an ABC winding; the ABC winding and the ABC winding are directly connected in series, the neutral point at the rear end of the ABC winding is directly connected, one end of the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the first inversion unit, and the middle of the ABC winding and the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the second inversion unit; the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit are connected in parallel at two ends of the capacitor to form a motor controller together; the invention also discloses a control method of the motor controller; the invention can generate high torque at low speed and realize wide-range speed regulation/high-speed operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-phase motors, in particular to a segmented winding motor controller and a control method.
Technical Field
For electric vehicles, the performance requirements for the drive motor system are different under different operating conditions.
When the vehicle starts accelerating from zero speed/low speed, or is started on a slope or the like, the vehicle speed or the motor speed is relatively low at this time, but a large torque is required to overcome the friction or a component of the vehicle's own weight. Motor torque is proportional to magnetic flux density, and thus high magnetic flux density is required.
At high speed cruising, the system is typically less torque demanding, but in order for the automotive drive motor to operate more efficiently, it is desirable to reduce the magnetic flux density. In the high-speed region, the core loss ratio is high, and the core loss is substantially proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the lower the magnetic flux density, the lower the core loss. In addition, if the motor is a permanent magnet motor, the back electromotive force (voltage) generated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet also increases as the rotation speed increases. The voltage level of the battery on the vehicle is limited, and when the counter electromotive force reaches above the voltage which can be applied to the motor by the inverter, the current in the motor can not pass any more, and the rotating speed can not rise any more. Therefore, in order to increase the maximum speed, the magnetic flux density is also reduced to suppress the counter electromotive force, for which a flux in the opposite direction to that of the permanent magnet is generally generated using a flux weakening control technique, thereby reducing the counter electromotive force and increasing the rotation speed. However, in order to generate magnetic flux in opposite directions, it is necessary to pass current through the stator windings, which also increases losses and also increases the risk of demagnetization of the permanent magnets. Therefore, the weak magnetic field is not too wide.
That is, the torque and magnetic flux density required in the low-speed region and the high-speed region are different.
In the prior art, patent CN 201310041277.4 proposes a technique for switching windings at high and low speeds. The stator coil is divided into two parts, and current passes through all coil wires during low-speed rotation and through part of coil wires during high-speed rotation. However, the full-control device IGBT is used in the technology, so that the cost is high, overvoltage can be generated in the active turn-off process, and winding insulation and an IGBT tube are damaged; the RC buffer circuit in the switching circuit increases the complexity of the system on one hand, and the capacitor is quite large on the other hand, and is quite fragile, so that the capacitor has a fault risk under overvoltage impact.
The patent CN 201510508099.0 and CN 2016100899171.1 also propose a switching device and a method for implementing high-low speed control by winding switching, but all require to provide a separate dc power supply or a separate inverter main circuit, which increases complexity of system design and control complexity, and is not beneficial to integrating the switching device inside the motor.
At present, in order to solve the requirements of high-speed and low-speed large torque, a main stream motor driving manufacturer pushes out a scheme of double motors, namely motors with large and small rated powers are matched for use, two motors are connected together through a linkage shaft, and different motors are controlled to be used under different conditions respectively.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a segmented winding motor controller and a control method thereof, which can generate high torque at low speed and realize wide-range speed regulation/high-speed operation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A motor controller with sectional windings comprises a motor stator winding 3, wherein three phases of the motor stator winding 3 are divided into two sections, one section is a high-low speed driving winding, the number of turns is W2, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as a, b and c, and the whole is an abc winding; the other section is a low-speed driving winding, a circuit is connected only at a low speed, the number of turns is W1, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as A, B and C, and the whole is an ABC winding; the ABC winding and the ABC winding are directly connected in series, the neutral point at the rear end of the ABC winding is directly connected, one end of the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the first inversion unit 1, and the middle of the ABC winding and the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the second inversion unit 2; the first inversion unit 1 and the second inversion unit 2 are connected in parallel at two ends of the capacitor; the first inverter unit 1 and the second inverter unit 2 together form a motor controller 4.
The switch S1 is arranged between the first inversion unit 1 and the direct current bus or between the first inversion unit 1 and the ABC winding, and is arranged between the inversion unit 1 and the direct current bus and used for preventing coil induction energy from flowing back to the direct current bus when the second inversion unit 2 works; the switch S1 is a semiconductor switch or a relay switch.
The first inversion unit 1 and the second inversion unit 2 are the same and are three-phase inversion bridges.
The ratio of W1 to W2 is a variable related to the required low-magnetic speed regulation range and the switching rotating speed of the system.
According to the control method of the segmented winding motor controller, when the motor runs at a low speed, the first inversion unit 1 works, the second inversion unit 2 does not work after wave sealing, all windings participate in the work at the moment, the number of turns of each phase is W1+W2, large torque is generated, and the maximum torque can reach T1; at this time, the switch S1 is kept on to meet the bidirectional energy flow of the energy released by the energy storage battery and the energy feedback of the motor;
Entering a weak magnetic state along with the increase of the rotating speed; when the rotating speed of the motor reaches n3, the first inversion unit 1 stops working after wave sealing, the second inversion unit 2 starts working, the switch S1 is disconnected, the motor enters a single winding working mode, only the high-speed driving winding works, and the number of turns of each phase is W2; because the number of turns in series is less, the counter potential is relatively smaller, and the weak magnetic depth is reduced; the switch S1 is opened to ensure that the ABC winding is in a complete opening mode, so that current generated in the ABC winding is prevented from forming an interference magnetic field;
when the motor is decelerated from a high speed and the rotation speed is reduced to n2, the first inverter unit 1 is restarted, the second inverter unit 2 stops operating, and the winding series mode is entered again.
The saidWherein: n is the weak magnetic multiple of the sectional winding motor; Δn is a width between n2 and n 3; n1 is the inflection point rotation speed requiring field weakening in the double winding series mode, and Δn=n1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the working mode is switched between low speed and high speed, which is equivalent to switching between one high speed motor and one low speed motor, so that the two-gear gearbox has the effect of generating large torque at low speed and realizing wide-range speed regulation/high-speed operation.
2. The low-speed motor has high efficiency in a low-speed area, and the high-speed motor has high efficiency in a high-speed area, so that the high-efficiency operation can be realized at high speed and low speed.
3. The two inversion units of the controller do not work at the same time and the loss does not occur at the same time, so the thermal design can only consider the loss of one of the two inversion units, and compared with the application of two independent controllers, the controller has small volume and is beneficial to cost reduction and installation.
4. The turn ratio of the two sets of windings is calculated according to the speed regulation range required by the system, so that the weak magnetic degree in each mode is as shallow as possible, and the weak magnetic control is easier.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first segmented winding motor controller according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second segmented winding motor controller according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the mechanical characteristics of a motor using the segmented winding motor controller of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a general frame diagram of a motor winding switching device and a control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more concise, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the motor controller with the sectional winding comprises a motor stator winding 3, wherein three phases of the motor stator winding 3 are divided into two sections, one section is a high-low speed driving winding, the number of turns is W2, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as a, b and c, and the whole is an abc winding; the other section is a low-speed driving winding, a circuit is connected only at a low speed, the number of turns is W1, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as A, B and C, and the whole is an ABC winding; the ABC winding and the ABC winding are directly connected in series, the neutral point at the rear end of the ABC winding is directly connected, one end of the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the first inversion unit 1, and the middle of the ABC winding and the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the second inversion unit 2; the first inversion unit 1 and the second inversion unit 2 are connected in parallel at two ends of the capacitor; the first inverter unit 1 and the second inverter unit 2 together form a motor controller 4.
As shown in fig. 1, a switch S1 is provided between the first inverter unit 1 and the dc bus for preventing coil induction energy from flowing back to the dc bus when the second inverter unit 2 is operated; as shown in fig. 2, a switch S1 may be further provided between the first inverter unit 1 and the ABC winding, and preferably, the switch S1 is a semiconductor switch or a relay switch.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first inverter unit 1 and the second inverter unit 2 are the same, and are three-phase inverter bridges.
The ratio of W1 to W2 is a variable related to the required low-magnetic speed regulation range and the switching rotating speed of the system.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the control method of the motor controller with the segmented windings, when the motor runs at a low speed, the first inversion unit 1 works, the second inversion unit 2 does not work after wave sealing, all windings participate in the work at the moment, the turns of each phase are connected in series with W1+W2, more ampere turns are generated, large torque is generated, and the maximum torque can reach T1; at this time, the switch S1 is kept on to meet the bidirectional energy flow of the energy released by the energy storage battery and the energy feedback of the motor;
Entering a weak magnetic state along with the increase of the rotating speed; when the rotating speed of the motor reaches n3, the first inversion unit 1 stops working after wave sealing, the second inversion unit 2 starts working, the switch S1 is disconnected, the motor enters a single winding working mode, only the high-speed driving winding works, and the number of turns of each phase is W2; because the number of turns in series is less, the counter potential is relatively smaller, and the weak magnetic depth is reduced; the switch S1 is opened to ensure that the ABC winding is in a complete opening mode, so that current generated in the ABC winding is prevented from forming an interference magnetic field;
when the motor is decelerated from a high speed and the rotation speed is reduced to n2, the first inverter unit 1 is restarted, the second inverter unit 2 stops operating, and the winding series mode is entered again.
According to the control method, the first inversion unit 1 and the second inversion unit 2 work alternately, and the loss is different, so that the maximum heat dissipation requirement of one inversion unit can be considered in the design of the controller, and compared with a scheme of parallel operation of the two inversion units, the control method is small in size. In addition, since the second inverter unit 2 is operated only when the stator coil current is low, the design power can be properly lowered.
As shown in fig. 3, the region between n2 and n3 is a mode in which both the series operation mode and the single winding operation mode can be operated, and the width is not excessively wide in order to improve the utilization of the winding.
It is assumed that from an application design point of view, a weakening factor of N (i.e. n4:n1=n) of the motor is required. Then to fully utilize the windings, there should be:
If a width between n2 and n3 is desired to be Deltan, let Derived and obtained
Thereby/>For example, Δn=n1, can be simply selected as/>
Claims (3)
1. A control method of a sectional winding motor controller comprises a motor stator winding (3), wherein three phases of the motor stator winding (3) are divided into two sections, one section is a high-low speed driving winding, the number of turns is W2, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as a, b and c, and the whole is an abc winding; the other section is a low-speed driving winding, a circuit is connected only at a low speed, the number of turns is W1, the three-phase windings are respectively marked as A, B and C, and the whole is an ABC winding; the ABC winding and the ABC winding are directly connected in series, the neutral point at the rear end of the ABC winding is directly connected, one end of the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the first inversion unit (1), and the middle of the ABC winding and the ABC winding is connected with the output end of the second inversion unit (2); the first inversion unit (1) and the second inversion unit (2) are connected in parallel at two ends of the capacitor; the first inversion unit (1) and the second inversion unit (2) form a motor controller (4) together;
The device further comprises a switch (S1), wherein the switch (S1) is arranged between the first inversion unit (1) and the direct current bus or between the first inversion unit (1) and the ABC winding, is arranged between the inversion unit (1) and the direct current bus, and is used for preventing coil induction energy from flowing back to the direct current bus when the second inversion unit (2) works; the switch (S1) is a semiconductor switch or a relay switch;
The method is characterized in that: the control method comprises the following steps: when the motor runs at a low speed, the first inversion unit (1) works, the second inversion unit (2) does not work after wave sealing, all windings participate in the work at the moment, the number of turns of each phase is W1+W2, large torque is generated, and the maximum torque is T1; at this time, the switch S1 is kept on to meet the bidirectional energy flow of the energy released by the energy storage battery and the energy feedback of the motor;
Entering a weak magnetic state along with the increase of the rotating speed; when the rotating speed of the motor reaches n3, the first inversion unit (1) stops working after wave sealing, the second inversion unit (2) starts working, the switch S1 is disconnected, the motor enters a single winding working mode, only the high-speed driving winding works, and the number of turns of each phase is W2; because the number of turns in series is less, the counter potential is relatively smaller, and the weak magnetic depth is reduced; the switch S1 is opened to ensure that the ABC winding is in a complete opening mode, so that current generated in the ABC winding is prevented from forming an interference magnetic field;
When the motor is decelerated from high speed and the rotating speed is reduced to n2, the first inversion unit (1) starts to work again, the second inversion unit (2) stops working, and the winding series mode is entered again;
The said Wherein: n is the weak magnetic multiple of the sectional winding motor; Δn is a width between n2 and n 3; n1 is the inflection point rotation speed requiring field weakening in the double winding series mode, and Δn=n1.
2. A control method of a segmented winding motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first inversion unit (1) and the second inversion unit (2) are the same and are three-phase inversion bridges.
3. A control method of a segmented winding motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of W1 to W2 is a variable related to the required low-magnetic speed regulation range and the switching rotating speed of the system.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810457044.5A CN108418497B (en) | 2018-05-14 | 2018-05-14 | Segmented winding motor controller and control method |
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| CN112953351B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2023-04-18 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Inverter system |
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