CN103475112A - Switched reluctance generator - Google Patents
Switched reluctance generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103475112A CN103475112A CN2013103699314A CN201310369931A CN103475112A CN 103475112 A CN103475112 A CN 103475112A CN 2013103699314 A CN2013103699314 A CN 2013103699314A CN 201310369931 A CN201310369931 A CN 201310369931A CN 103475112 A CN103475112 A CN 103475112A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a switched reluctance generator comprising a stator with a winding, a rotor without winding and a driving device, wherein the stator and the rotor are provided with a plurality of salient pole structures and are composed of laminated silicon steel sheets; centralized armature windings are arranged on the teeth of the salient pole structures of the stator, and armature windings on two teeth of identical phase of the winding are connected to one phase; the winding is connected with an energy storage device through an electronic switch; the rotor is connected with the driving device and can be driven by the driving device to rotate relative to the stator so as to generate induced electromotive force in the winding. The switched reluctance generator disclosed by the invention has the advantages of: (1) the structure is simple and the cost is low, which are the advantages of an asynchronous generator; (2) the efficiency is high, which is the advantage of a permanent magnet synchronous generator; (3) the adaptability is strong and no high temperature effect exists; (4) a disk-shaped motor structure is small in volume and light in weight; and (5) the output voltage is stable and no low speed or high speed effect exists.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to motor and manufacture field, relate in particular to a kind of switch reluctance generator.
Background technology
Switched reluctance motor and governing system are the novel Alternating Current Governor Systems that the mid-80 grows up.The switched reluctance motor has merged modern power electronics technology, control technology is integrated, and has the advantage of variable frequency speed modulation of asynchronous motor system and DC motor speed drive system concurrently, has become one of heat subject of contemporary electric drive.
At present in the world, generator has two types, and a kind of is to use Generation of induction motor, although simple in structure, the inefficiency of generator, and also asynchronous generator generating output voltage is very unstable, and waveform is mixed and disorderly; Another kind of permanent-magnet synchronous generation technology.Although efficiency is high, need magnet steel, cost is high, is not suitable for high temperature, the smooth environment of ventilation, more fatal, manufacture magnet steel, cause environmental pollution, rare earths material competition exploitation, it is day by day poor that resource will become, so research and develop a kind of high efficiency, low-energy-consumption generator seems particularly important.Along with the electronic technology industry development is controlled and become ripe motor phase, switched reluctance machines is in starting to be applied to all trades and professions.So, switch reluctance generator also will become a reality.
Have the formal product of switched reluctance motor both at home and abroad, be applied in the every field such as traction transportation, universal industrial, aircraft industry, household electrical appliance, showed the powerful market competitiveness, but switched reluctance machines also do not have product Report both at home and abroad as power generation applications.At present, domestic also have the switched reluctance motor theoretical research and progressively to the unit in industrial applications stage.But carry out research and the application of switch reluctance generator, not yet find, so developing, to research and the application of switch reluctance generator (particularly tray type structure), promotes the development of China's switch reluctance generator, significant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome defect of the prior art, and a kind of switch reluctance generator is provided.
For addressing the above problem, a kind of switch reluctance generator of the present invention, comprise stator with winding, without rotor and the drive unit of winding; Described stator and rotor are provided with some salient-pole structures, and form by silicon steel plate stacking; Be provided with concentrated armature winding on the tooth of stator salient poles structure, on two teeth of winding same phase, armature winding is unified into a phase; Described winding is connected with energy storage device by electronic switch; Described rotor is connected with drive unit, thereby drive that can be by drive unit and stator relatively rotate produce induced electromotive force in described winding.
Described switch reluctance generator also comprises electric machine casing, and described stator, rotor are positioned at electric machine casing, and stator and electric machine casing fix, and rotor is arranged on electric machine casing by armature spindle and bearing.
Salient pole on described stator is for there being X, and described epitrochanterian salient pole is Y; Described X and Y are different and are more than or equal to 2 integer.
The clutch end of described drive unit is fixed on described armature spindle.
Described drive unit is mechanical type driving apparatus.
Switch reluctance generator of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) is simple in structure, cost low (possessing the asynchronous generator advantage); (2) efficiency high (possessing the magneto alternator advantage); (3) strong adaptability, be not subject to temperatures involved; (4) disc type electric machine structure, volume is little, lightweight; (5) output voltage stabilization, do not affected at a high speed by low speed.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The relation that Fig. 1 is generating state ω iLT and rotor position angle θ;
Fig. 2 is that linear inductance is with angle change in location curve and corresponding electronic, generator operation phase current waveform;
Fig. 3 is generating state relative value current waveform bunch;
The four phase winding schematic cross-sections that Fig. 4 is switch magnetic group generator in the present invention;
Typical case's four phase windings that Fig. 5 is switch magnetic group generator and the switching circuit schematic diagram that joins;
The typical case that Fig. 6 is switch reluctance generator generate electricity operating state current simulations and measured waveform.
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand better technical solution of the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in the figure, a kind of switch reluctance generator of the present invention, comprise stator with winding, without rotor and the drive unit of winding.
Described stator and rotor are provided with some salient-pole structures, and form by silicon steel plate stacking.
Be provided with concentrated armature winding on the tooth of stator salient poles structure, on two teeth of winding same phase, armature winding is unified into a phase; Described winding is connected with energy storage device by electronic switch.
Described rotor is connected with drive unit, thereby drive that can be by drive unit and stator relatively rotate produce induced electromotive force in described winding.
Described switch reluctance generator also comprises electric machine casing, and described stator, rotor are positioned at electric machine casing, and stator and electric machine casing fix, and rotor is arranged on electric machine casing by armature spindle and bearing.
Simultaneously, the clutch end of described drive unit is fixed on described armature spindle; This drive unit can be mechanical type driving apparatus.
Salient pole on described stator is for there being X, and described epitrochanterian salient pole is Y; Described X and Y are different and are more than or equal to 2 integer.
Switch reluctance generator of the present invention can be converted to electric energy by mechanical energy, and this equipment is controlled the getting type of winding and energy storage device by electronic switch, thereby controls the flow direction of electric energy between motor and energy storage device.During as generator operation, this equipment is first connected with energy storage device, by energy storage device, makes winding have electric current to flow through, and changes subsequently the path of electric current, and the energy that this equipment is regained from phase winding subsequently is greater than energy that front applies.
The number of phases ratio of components of switch reluctance generator is freer, can be single-phase, three-phase, four mutually or other is heterogeneous.Be illustrated in figure 4 the schematic cross-section of four phase 8/6 configuration switches reluctance generators.Its stator has 8 tooth utmost points, and each tooth extremely is provided with a coil, be positioned at radially with respect to two coil tandems become a phase winding; 6 tooth utmost points are arranged, without winding also mosaic magnet not on rotor.Four phase windings and switching circuit join shown in Figure 5, and this is DC power system, load resistance RL and filter capacitor C, but in addition multiple-connected battery as energy storage unit.
Rotor drags rotation by prime mover, by rotor position detector, realizes position closed loop control, and four take turns to operate mutually.During as a phase main switch conducting, phase winding forms current i, turn-offs afterwards main switch in good time, winding current will continue to follow the fly-wheel diode circulation, magnetic field energy storage and take magnetic field and be the mechanical energy of intermediary's conversion, be defeated by and use electric loading with the form of freewheel current in the lump, or charge a battery like this.In brief, the saliency of motor becomes phase winding the source coil transferring energy, realizes generating state work.
The motor winding has electric current just to set up magnetic field, and the magnetic linkage of phase winding (ψ) and inductance (L) are the functions of corresponding current (i) and rotor-position (θ).For polyphase machine, because each phase winding is independently to concentrate winding, and take turns to operate, so can ignore the mutual inductance impact, with one, analyze separately mutually, ask for magnetic characteristic ψ (i, θ) and L(i, the θ of a phase winding by the Magnetic Field Numerical Calculation).Wherein the θ angle is defined as the angle between this phase stator tooth pole axis line and rotor axis.
The magnetic field energy storage that motor is set up by phase current
Use linearization process
According to the electromagnetic field basic theories, follow the existence in magnetic field, the electromagnetic torque of rotor exists simultaneously, can be expressed as
As can be seen here, if
interval in, winding has electric current just to produce negative value electromagnetic torque, i.e. resistive torque.Illustrate and need additional machine torque to drive, and motor is converted to electric energy output by mechanical energy.Be understood that, if electric current occurs in
interval, electromagnetic torque is being for just, namely electronic operating state.In other words, when switched reluctance machines only needs the conducting of displacement main switch, just can realize reversible operation electronic, generating.
L (θ) characteristic be take θ r as the cycle variation.θ r is the rotor tooth elongation, and as 6/4 structure, θ r is 90 ° (mechanical angles), and θ m=θ r/2 is stator tooth pole axis line and rotor tooth pole axis line coincidence status, corresponding phase inductance value maximum.Make θ
1for main switch turn-on angle, θ
2for closing the angle of rupture, can obtain thus typical generating state current waveform, shown in Figure 6.
In one cycle, phase current can be divided into two sections.θ
1～θ
2section, the main switch conducting, by the external power power supply, electric current progressively rises to ic, is called the excitation district; θ
2start, main switch turn-offs, and electric current is the afterflow state, claims the generating district.The excitation district consumes electric energy, and wherein ic is as the outstanding feature of magnetic field power, more favourable more greatly.According to circuit fundamental equation (disregarding internal resistance and tube voltage drop), starting afterflow moment, following formula is arranged:
I.e. explanation is worked as
and ic is enough large, motion electromotive force
electric current (being generation current) will further increase, and form favourable generating effect.Enhanced excitation can strengthen ic, and same excitation district suitably extends to
<section (is θ
2θ m), be also in order effectively to utilize the motion electromotive force, promote exciting current to strengthen.In other words, at θ m～θ
2interval, utilize generating mechanism, and mechanical energy is converted into to electric energy, accelerates to form the exciting current needed.
The electrical power that actual generator one is exported mutually should be the poor of generating district's generated output and excitation district consumed power.
Switched reluctance machines can be regarded as complete controlled Speed Regulation Systems of BLDCM to a certain extent, can realize easily four quadrant running, i.e. forward and backward and braking, electric operation.Wherein running under braking comprises double meaning, and the one, utilize the brake torque reduction of speed, make the fast stall of switched reluctance machines; The 2nd, generating work is different from direct current machine, and switched reluctance machines only has regenerative braking (or claiming regenerative braking) mode, and the realization of regenerative braking is also very convenient, as long as strengthen θ on, phase current is mainly got final product in α L/ α θ<0 section appearance.
In on-position, the direction of electromagnetic torque is contrary with rotary speed direction, and the mechanical energy of inputting from axle changes electric energy into, and feeds back to power supply by the main circuit power electronic device.If do not have the potential energy load to drag, under the decelerating effect of brake torque, it is zero that rotor is braked to rotating speed very soon.As seen from Figure 1, with regard to control, the running under braking of switched reluctance machines still belongs to angle position and controls (APC) mode.
In view of the symmetry of switched reluctance machines structure, the performance of its performance Ying Yuqi under generating state under motoring condition is equally superior, has the advantage such as efficient in good controllability and broad velocity interval.
Fig. 2 shows the switched reluctance machines linear inductance with angle change in location curve and corresponding electronic, the phase current waveform of generator operation.
Fig. 3 is based on switched reluctance machines and simplifies motoring condition under the control mode of angle position and the generating state relative value current waveform bunch that linear model obtains.Obviously, these waveforms and supply voltage Us and rotating speed Wr are irrelevant, only depend on θ on, the combination of θ off.
As seen from Figure 3, the current waveform under generating state and the current waveform under motoring condition are symmetrical to the gas axle.This fully shows that switched reluctance machines has invertibity.
As everyone knows, θ on, θ off is the major parameter of controlling its torque, power in switched reluctance motor when operation, and when applied voltage Us and switching angle fixedly the time, during electric operation, switched reluctance machines has the external characteristic identical with series excitation DC motor.Invertibity by switched reluctance machines, can infer: during the switched reluctance machines generator operation, very big-difference all occurs with the difference of control angle in its output electromagnetic power and brake torque, if θ is on, θ off fixes, its external characteristic must be identical with the external characteristic of DC series generator, has
Us∝ILWr
In formula: Us-output voltage;
IL-load current;
Wr-rotor velocity.
In fact, these two control parameters of θ on, θ of are similarly switch reluctance generator and have brought good control performance.For example, can pass through the adjusting of θ on, θ of, make output voltage U s under different IL Wr values keep constant.
As seen from Figure 4, switch reluctance generator is simple in structure, firm, reliable operation, and efficiency is high.Adjusting by turn-on angle θ on and pass angle of rupture θ off, make under different IL Wr values, and it is constant that output voltage U s keeps.
Switch reluctance generator electronic, to generate electricity difunctional be self-evident, this makes aviation, automobile become possibility with the enforcement of starting/generator.
Theory and practice research all shows, switch reluctance generator has various features and premium properties:
(1) it is a kind of controllable current source, and efficiently conversioning mechanical energy is pulse electric energy output.Can be used as a kind of DC power supply application with filter element (as electric capacity) or energy storage device (as storage battery), be equipped with respective converter and also can be used as the AC power application;
(2) motor is the double-salient-pole structure, concentrates winding, and itself is the simple structure motor, applicable to applying at a high speed and in adverse circumstances.High-speed cruising can improve energy-flux density, and motor is only established a set of winding at stator, cooling convenience, and efficiency is high;
(3) switch reluctance generator has the series excitation characteristic, and overload capacity is strong; A little less than the Coupling Between Phases of polyphase machine, the phase-deficient operation adaptive capacity is also strong; The straight-through fault of power supply can not occur in conventional every phase biswitch scheme main circuit, so it has margin of safety preferably;
(4) electronic, generate electricity difunctionally, can form good starting/Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT).
Claims (5)
1. a switch reluctance generator is characterized in that: comprise stator with winding, without rotor and the drive unit of winding; Described stator and rotor are provided with some salient-pole structures, and form by silicon steel plate stacking; Be provided with concentrated armature winding on the tooth of stator salient poles structure, on two teeth of winding same phase, armature winding is unified into a phase; Described winding is connected with energy storage device by electronic switch; Described rotor is connected with drive unit, thereby drive that can be by drive unit and stator relatively rotate produce induced electromotive force in described winding.
2. switch reluctance generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described switch reluctance generator also comprises electric machine casing, described stator, rotor are positioned at electric machine casing, and stator and electric machine casing fix, and rotor is arranged on electric machine casing by armature spindle and bearing.
3. switch reluctance generator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the salient pole on described stator is for there being X, and described epitrochanterian salient pole is Y; Described X and Y are different and are more than or equal to 2 integer.
4. switch reluctance generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the clutch end of described drive unit is fixed on described armature spindle.
5. switch reluctance generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described drive unit is mechanical type driving apparatus.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013103699314A CN103475112A (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | Switched reluctance generator |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013103699314A CN103475112A (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | Switched reluctance generator |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103997178A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-20 | 刘忠涛 | Permanent magnet magnetic resistance energy-saving motor |
| CN106549545A (en) * | 2017-01-14 | 2017-03-29 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of six magnetoes being isolated |
| WO2018074122A1 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | 株式会社ミツバ | Switched reluctance motor control system and switched reluctance motor control method |
| CN110943591A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-03-31 | 深圳市浩立能源科技有限公司 | Automobile switch reluctance motor |
Citations (4)
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| JP2004236369A (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-19 | Mitsuba Corp | Switched reluctance motor |
| CN201174648Y (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2008-12-31 | 北京中纺锐力机电有限公司 | Novel permanent magnet type 3 phase switch reluctant motor |
| CN202565044U (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-11-28 | 南京信息工程大学 | Stator permanent magnet bearingless motor |
| CN202872595U (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-04-10 | 原平市兴胜机械制造有限公司 | Switch reluctance permanent-magnet salient-pole rotor motor |
-
2013
- 2013-08-22 CN CN2013103699314A patent/CN103475112A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004236369A (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-19 | Mitsuba Corp | Switched reluctance motor |
| CN201174648Y (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2008-12-31 | 北京中纺锐力机电有限公司 | Novel permanent magnet type 3 phase switch reluctant motor |
| CN202565044U (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-11-28 | 南京信息工程大学 | Stator permanent magnet bearingless motor |
| CN202872595U (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-04-10 | 原平市兴胜机械制造有限公司 | Switch reluctance permanent-magnet salient-pole rotor motor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 唐任远，顾国彪: "《中国电气工程大典》", 31 October 2008, 中国电力出版社 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103997178A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-20 | 刘忠涛 | Permanent magnet magnetic resistance energy-saving motor |
| WO2018074122A1 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | 株式会社ミツバ | Switched reluctance motor control system and switched reluctance motor control method |
| JP2018068055A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | 株式会社ミツバ | SR motor control system and SR motor control method |
| CN106549545A (en) * | 2017-01-14 | 2017-03-29 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of six magnetoes being isolated |
| CN110943591A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-03-31 | 深圳市浩立能源科技有限公司 | Automobile switch reluctance motor |
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Application publication date: 20131225 |
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