CN108417278A - A kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN108417278A CN108417278A CN201810100350.3A CN201810100350A CN108417278A CN 108417278 A CN108417278 A CN 108417278A CN 201810100350 A CN201810100350 A CN 201810100350A CN 108417278 A CN108417278 A CN 108417278A
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- sintering
- fuel pellet
- metal mold
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
- G21C3/60—Metallic fuel; Intermetallic dispersions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
- G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
- G21C21/16—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by casting or dipping techniques
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability, include the following steps, step 1：By urnium-base alloy powder and c-based nanomaterial by volume 99.9 99:It after 1 0.1 ratio mixing, is placed in nylon ball grinder, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing for 24 hours, obtains mixed powder；Step 2：Mixed powder is subjected to pressureless sintering, hot pressed sintering, discharge plasma sintering or flash burning, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping takes out post-processing molding to get to metal mold fuel pellet.The metallic fuel pellet being prepared using this method, with high uranium loading amount, high heat conduction, anti-radiation performance is good, fission gas carrying capacity is strong, excellent in mechanical performance advantage, can be used as the novel nuclear fuel of nuclear reactor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability.
Background technology
Relative to most common UO in commercial reactor2Fuel, the metal mold nuclear fuel based on urnium-base alloy are filled with uranium
The advantage that amount is high, thermal conductivity is high, but since metal mold nuclear fuel has largely swelling deformation, limit under radiation parameter
Application of such core block in nuclear reactor is made.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problems, provide a kind of preparation method of metal mold fuel pellet,
The thermophysical property, mechanical property and irradiation stability for improving metal mold fuel pellet, to make such core block have
The condition applied in nuclear reactor.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability, includes the following steps,
Step 1：By urnium-base alloy powder and c-based nanomaterial 99.9-99 by volume:After the ratio mixing of 1-0.1,
It is placed in nylon ball grinder, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing for 24 hours, obtains mixed powder；
Step 2：Mixed powder is subjected to pressureless sintering, hot pressed sintering, discharge plasma sintering or flash burning, heat-insulation pressure keeping knot
Furnace cooling after beam takes out post-processing molding to get to metal mold fuel pellet.
Specifically, the urnium-base alloy is U-Mo, U-Zr or U3Si2, grain size is 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1-
5%.
Specifically, the c-based nanomaterial be it is following any one or more：Grain size is SiC of 20nm-2 μm
Grain, a diameter of 20nm-200nm, the SiC whiskers that length is 5-20 μm, a diameter of 5nm-100nm, the carbon that length is 1-20 μm are received
Mitron, the graphene that plane length is 100nm-200 μm.
Further, in the step 2, when sintering processing is pressureless sintering, step is：By mixed powder in 100-
Compression molding under the conditions of 400Mpa obtains fuel pellet biscuit, then fuel pellet biscuit is placed in atmosphere sintering furnace, with 1-10
DEG C/rate of min is warming up to certain temperature, 30-60min is kept the temperature, then 800-1200 DEG C is warming up to the rate of 1-10 DEG C/min,
Keep the temperature 1-5h；The atmosphere is that vacuum or argon gas atmosphere are protected.
As another sintering processing, in the step 2, when sintering processing is hot pressed sintering, step is：It will mix
It closes powder to be placed in graphite jig, is evacuated to 5 × 10-2-5×10-1Pa, under the conditions of the sintering pressure of 20-100MPa, with 1-
The rate of 20 DEG C/min is warming up to 800-1200 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1-4h；Sintering atmosphere is argon gas atmosphere.
As another sintering processing, in the step 2, when sintering processing is that discharge plasma is sintered, step
It is：Mixed powder is placed in graphite jig, is evacuated to 5 × 10-2-5×10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10-60kPa；
Under the conditions of the sintering pressure of 20-100MPa, it is warming up to 700-1200 DEG C with the rate of 50-1000 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 1-
30min。
As another sintering processing, in the step 2, when sintering processing is flash burning, step is：By mixed powder
It is placed in graphite or metal die, is evacuated to 5 × 10-2-5×10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10-60kPa；With 400-2000
DEG C/rate of min is warming up to 700-1200 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 10s-5min.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The c-based nanomaterial of disperse is added in the present invention in metal mold fuel pellet, keeps it multiple with urnium-base alloy powder
It closes, c-based nanomaterial disperse is in metal fuel, and using it as core, periphery can form abundant fault of construction, Neng Gouyou
Effect resists irradiation deformation and accommodates fission gas.In addition, since nano-diffusion enhances, it can preferably resist and draw high and bend,
Obtain better mechanical property.
Therefore, this method can be prepared that high uranium loading amount, high heat conduction, anti-radiation performance be good, fission gas carrying capacity
By force, the metal mold fuel pellet of excellent in mechanical performance can to make such core block have the condition applied in nuclear reactor
Novel nuclear fuel as nuclear reactor.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, and mode of the invention includes but are not limited to following implementation
Example.
The preparation method preparation method of following embodiment metal mold fuel pellet of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10M alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 99vol%, silicon-carbide particle, grain size 10nm-
Above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by 100nm, 1vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing is for 24 hours.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
By mixed-powder die forming, fuel pellet biscuit is obtained, biscuit is placed in atmosphere and burnt by forming pressure 100Mpa
Carry out pressureless sintering in freezing of a furnace, be warming up to 600 DEG C or so first with the rate of 5~10 DEG C/min and keep the temperature 0.5h, then with 1 DEG C/
The rate of min is warming up to 1100 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2h, furnace cooling, atmosphere is argon gas atmosphere, 10~50kPa of pressure.
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 2
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10Zr alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 99.9vol%, a diameter of 20nm-200nm,
Above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by the SiC whiskers that length is 5-20 μm, 0.1vol%, adds the zirconium oxide of 3 times of quality
Mill ball, mixing is for 24 hours.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
By mixed-powder die forming, fuel pellet biscuit is obtained, biscuit is placed in atmosphere and burnt by forming pressure 300Mpa
Pressureless sintering is carried out in freezing of a furnace, is warming up to 500 DEG C or so first with the rate of 5~10 DEG C/min and keeps the temperature 0.5h.With 1 DEG C/min
Rate be warming up to 850 DEG C, keep the temperature 1h, furnace cooling, atmosphere is vacuum, pressure 5 × 10-2~5 × 10-1Pa。
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 3
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U3Si2Alloy powder, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 95vol%, a diameter of 5nm-100nm, length
For 1-20 μm of carbon nanotube, above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by 5vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive of 3 times of quality
Ball, mixing is for 24 hours.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite jig, hot pressed sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：With 1~20 DEG C/min
Rate be warming up to 800 DEG C and keep the temperature 1h, while applying the sintering pressure of 20MPa, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping, sintering atmosphere
For argon gas.
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 4
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10Mo alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 99vol%, plane length 100nm-200
μm graphene, above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by 1vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing
24h。
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite jig, hot pressed sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：With 1~20 DEG C/min
Rate be warming up to 1100 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, while applying the sintering pressure of 40MPa, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping is sintered gas
Atmosphere is argon gas.
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 5
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10Zr alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 99.9vol%, a diameter of 5nm-100nm,
Above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by the carbon nanotube that length is 1-20 μm, 0.1vol%, adds the oxidation of 3 times of quality
Zirconium mill ball, mixing is for 24 hours.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite jig, discharge plasma sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：It is evacuated to
5×10-2~5 × 10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10~60kPa；700 DEG C are warming up to 50 DEG C/min, sintering pressure is
20MPa keeps the temperature 30min, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 6
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U3Si2Alloy powder, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 95vol%, plane length are 100nm-200 μm
Graphene, above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by 5vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing is for 24 hours.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite jig, discharge plasma sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：It is evacuated to
5×10-2~5 × 10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10~60kPa；1200 DEG C are warming up to 1000 DEG C/min, sintering pressure is
100MPa keeps the temperature 1min, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping.
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 7
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10Mo alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 99.9vol%, grain size are 20nm-2 μm
Above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by SiC particulate, 0.1vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing
24h。
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite or metal die, flash burning sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：It is evacuated to
5×10-2~5 × 10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10~60kPa；800 DEG C are warming up to 400 DEG C/min, sintering pressure is
20MPa keeps the temperature 0.1min, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 8
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10Mo alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 95vol%, a diameter of 20nm-200nm, length
Above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by the SiC whiskers that degree is 5-20 μm, 5vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive of 3 times of quality
Ball, mixing is for 24 hours.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite or metal die, flash burning sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：It is evacuated to
5×10-2~5 × 10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10~60kPa；1200 DEG C are warming up to 2000 DEG C/min, sintering pressure is
100MPa keeps the temperature 2min, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping.
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Embodiment 9
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
U-10Mo alloy powders, 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1~5%, 99vol%, plane length 100nm-200
μm graphene, above-mentioned powder is placed in nylon ball grinder by 1vol%, adds the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality, mixing
24h。
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
Powder is placed in designed graphite or metal die, flash burning sintering is carried out, sintering process is as follows：It is evacuated to
5×10-2~5 × 10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10~60kPa；1100 DEG C are warming up to 1000 DEG C/min, sintering pressure is
40MPa keeps the temperature 0.5min, furnace cooling after heat-insulation pressure keeping.
Step 3 takes out sample after furnace cooling, is machined to required geomery.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit the protection model of the present invention
Enclose, as long as the present invention body design thought and that mentally makes have no the change of essential meaning or polishing, solved
The technical issues of it is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability, which is characterized in that include the following steps,
Step 1：By urnium-base alloy powder and c-based nanomaterial 99.9-99 by volume:After the ratio mixing of 1-0.1, it is placed in
In nylon ball grinder, the zirconium oxide abrasive ball of 3 times of quality is added, mixing for 24 hours, obtains mixed powder；
Step 2：Mixed powder is subjected to pressureless sintering, hot pressed sintering, discharge plasma sintering or flash burning, after heat-insulation pressure keeping
Furnace cooling takes out post-processing molding to get to metal mold fuel pellet.
2. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability according to claim 1, feature exist
In the urnium-base alloy is U-Mo, U-Zr or U3Si2, grain size is 5 μm~100 μm,235U degree of enrichment 1-5%.
3. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability according to claim 1 or 2, feature
Be, the c-based nanomaterial be it is following any one or more：The SiC particulate that grain size is 20nm-2 μm, a diameter of 20nm-
200nm, the SiC whiskers that length is 5-20 μm, a diameter of 5nm-100nm, the carbon nanotube that length is 1-20 μm, plane length are
100nm-200 μm of graphene.
4. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability according to claim 3, feature exist
In in the step 2, when sintering processing is pressureless sintering, step is：By mixed powder in 100-400Mpa condition lower dies
It is molded, fuel pellet biscuit is obtained, then fuel pellet biscuit is placed in atmosphere sintering furnace, with the rate liter of 1-10 DEG C/min
Temperature keeps the temperature 1-5h to 800-1200 DEG C；The atmosphere is that vacuum or argon gas atmosphere are protected.
5. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability according to claim 3, feature exist
In in the step 2, when sintering processing is hot pressed sintering, step is：Mixed powder is placed in graphite jig, is vacuumized
To 5 × 10-2-5×10-1Pa is warming up to 800- under the conditions of the sintering pressure of 20-100MPa with the rate of 1-20 DEG C/min
1200 DEG C and keep the temperature 1-4h；Sintering atmosphere is argon gas atmosphere.
6. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability according to claim 3, feature exist
In in the step 2, when sintering processing is that discharge plasma is sintered, step is：Mixed powder is placed in graphite mo(u)ld
In tool, it is evacuated to 5 × 10-2-5×10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10-60kPa；In the sintering pressure condition of 20-100MPa
Under, it is warming up to 700-1200 DEG C with the rate of 50-1000 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 1-30min.
7. a kind of preparation method of the metal mold fuel pellet of high irradiation stability according to claim 3, feature exist
In in the step 2, when sintering processing is flash burning, step is：Mixed powder is placed in graphite or metal die, is taken out true
Sky is to 5 × 10-2-5×10-1Pa, later applying argon gas to 10-60kPa；It is warming up to 700- with the rate of 400-2000 DEG C/min
1200 DEG C, and keep the temperature 10s-5min.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112442174A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 北京化工大学 | Radiation-resistant phenyl silicone rubber and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112863718A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 | Preparation method of UMoZr dispersed fuel |
| CN113628767A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-09 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | UO with high irradiation stability2Ceramic fuel and preparation method and application thereof |
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