CN106297904B - UO2The preparation method of SiC fuel pellets and using UO made of the preparation method2SiC fuel pellets - Google Patents

UO2The preparation method of SiC fuel pellets and using UO made of the preparation method2SiC fuel pellets Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106297904B
CN106297904B CN201610723425.4A CN201610723425A CN106297904B CN 106297904 B CN106297904 B CN 106297904B CN 201610723425 A CN201610723425 A CN 201610723425A CN 106297904 B CN106297904 B CN 106297904B
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sic
preparation
fuel pellets
sintering
temperature
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CN106297904A (en
Inventor
黄华伟
李锐
刘彤
任啟森
孙茂州
高思宇
孟繁良
李思功
薛佳祥
卢志威
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
CGN Power Co Ltd
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
CGN Power Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
    • G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
    • G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of UO2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets and using UO made of the preparation method2- SiC fuel pellets, preparation method comprise the following steps：Prepare sol solution；Prepare SiC suspension；Batch mixing；Gelling；Washing；Drying and calcining；Reduction sintering；Fine and close pellet sintering.The UO of the present invention2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, can significantly reduce sintering temperature, reduce volatility product, improve pellet homogeneity of ingredients, increase the sintering activity of composite powder, fine and close beneficial to pellet；Obtained pellet density >=96%T.D, oxygen metallic atom ratio are 1.99~2.01, and impurity content meets the requirements, and the thermal conductivity and intensive properties of pellet are good.Realized by wet route, the generation of dust can be reduced, reduce the risk that operating personnel suck UO2 dust；Simple and practicable, equipment investment is few, and environmental pollution is small.

Description

UO2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets and using UO made of the preparation method2- SiC fuel pellets
Technical field
The present invention relates to reactor fuel element technical field, more particularly to a kind of UO2The preparation side of-SiC fuel pellets Method and using UO made of the preparation method2- SiC fuel pellets.
Background technology
At present, the preparation of fuel pellet mainly uses traditional powder in light-water reactor fuel element in reactor nuclear power plant Last metallurgy method batch mixing is made, and operation is as follows：By UO2Powder, SiC powder, organic binder bond etc. pass through ball milling mixing, Ran Hougan It is dry, obtain UO2- SiC composite powders；Composite powder is sintered by SPS, obtains UO2- SiC pellets.Above-mentioned conventional method tool There is following defect：
1、UO2Particle is big with SiC particulate or whisker density contrast and the physical characteristic of the two powder is different, using traditional machine Tool mixes, and powder easily occurs cluster, causes the lack of homogeneity of composite powder component, so as to influence to sinter the thermal conductivity of pellet；
2、UO2Particle and SiC particulate or whisker hardness are high, are easily adulterated using prior powder metallurgy method batch mixing, reduce The purity of fuel pellet；
3rd, the composite powder sintering activity that prepared by prior powder metallurgy method is low, difficult densification, and green sintering temperature is high, UO2 Grain and SiC particulate are easily chemically reacted in high temperature, so as to influence the densified sintering product of green compact.
In addition, powder metallurgic method dust pollution is serious, bad environments are prepared, particularly U O2Dust is to staff and week Surrounding environment has compared with major injury.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, there is provided one kind improves pellet homogeneity of ingredients, increases composite powder The UO of sintering activity2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets and using UO made of the preparation method2- SiC fuel pellets.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of UO is provided2The preparation of-SiC fuel pellets Method, comprises the following steps：
Prepare sol solution：Sol solution is made as raw material using ammonium diuranate powder, urea and hexamethylenetetramine；
Prepare SiC suspension：SiC is added in deionized water by stirring, SiC mixed liquors is obtained, is mixed in the SiC The dispersant PEI that mass fraction 0.5%~2% is added in liquid is closed, SiC suspension is obtained after stirring evenly；
Batch mixing：By the volume and UO of SiC2Percent by volume be (1~10)：100, the sol solution and SiC are hanged Supernatant liquid mixes, and cooling is stirred in the case where temperature is less than 5 DEG C；
Gelling：The mixed sols solution that the sol solution and SiC suspension are mixed to get carries out heated gel, shape Into aqueous uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel；
Washing：The uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel is fully washed with weak aqua ammonia, is dried；
Drying and calcining：The uranium compound-silicon carbide blend the gel dried is dried in a manner of gradient increased temperature and forged Burn, be cooled to room temperature；
Reduction sintering：The gel ball of gained after drying and calcining is reduced under the mixed-gas atmosphere of argon gas and hydrogen Calcining, is cooled to room temperature, obtains UO2/ SiC composite powders；
Fine and close pellet sintering：By the UO2/ SiC composite powders carry out high temperature sintering, are cooled to room temperature, and UO is made2–SiC Fuel pellet.
Preferably, preparing sol solution step includes：
Pretreatment：Ammonium diuranate powder is changed into U at high temperature3O8；
Dissolving：With concentrated nitric acid by the U3O8Dissolving, filtering, the filtrate of acquisition is acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution；
With glue：Urea and hexamethylenetetramine are added in the acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution, formed after dissolving completely molten Sol solution.
Preferably, in pre-treatment step, the ammonium diuranate powder calcined at a high temperature of 800 DEG C~900 DEG C to 2~ 4 it is small when, to change into U3O8。
Preferably, in dissolving step, the U3O8Solid-liquid ratio with concentrated nitric acid is 1：(1.35~1.45) g/ml.
Preferably, in glue step, the molar ratio of the urea and metallic uranium in the acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution is 1：The molar ratio of (1.2~1.6), the hexamethylenetetramine and metallic uranium in the acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution is 1：(1.2~ 1.6)。
Preferably, in SiC suspension steps are prepared, the mass ratio of SiC and deionized water is 2：8~1：1,
Preferably, in gelling step, the mixed sols solution heated at 80~90 DEG C 48~96 it is small when, coagulated Gelatinization.
Preferably, in drying and calcining step, the gradient increased temperature mode is as follows：Temperature is slowly first heated up 1 from room temperature ~2 hours to 110 DEG C, when insulation 3~4 is small；200 DEG C~220 DEG C, when insulation 2~2.5 is small are warming up to again；300 are warming up to again DEG C, when insulation 2~2.5 is small.
Preferably, in sintering step is reduced, temperature is warming up to 600 DEG C by 5~10 DEG C/min when reduction is calcined, insulation 3~4 it is small when.
Preferably, in fine and close pellet sintering step, high temperature sintering is sintered using SPS；During sintering, be warming up to 1200 DEG C~ 1500 DEG C, keep the temperature 5~30 minutes.
The present invention also provides a kind of UO2- SiC fuel pellets, are made of the preparation method described in any of the above item.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Sintering temperature can be significantly reduced, reduces volatility product, it is uniform to improve pellet component Property, increase the sintering activity of composite powder, it is fine and close beneficial to pellet；Obtained pellet density >=96%T.D, oxygen metallic atom ratio For 1.99~2.01, impurity content meets the requirements, and the thermal conductivity and intensive properties of pellet are good.Realized, can subtracted by wet route The generation of few dust, reduces operating personnel and sucks UO2The risk of dust；Simple and practicable, equipment investment is few, and environmental pollution is small.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments, the invention will be further described, in attached drawing：
Fig. 1 is the UO of one embodiment of the invention2The preparation method flow chart of-SiC fuel pellets.
Embodiment
In order to which the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention are more clearly understood, now compare attached drawing and describe in detail The embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to the flow chart of Fig. 1, the UO of one embodiment of the invention2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, including following step Suddenly：
S1, prepare sol solution：It is molten that colloidal sol as raw material is made using ammonium diuranate powder, urea and hexamethylenetetramine Liquid.This, which prepares sol solution step, may include：
Pretreatment：Ammonium diuranate powder is changed into U at high temperature3O8.Specifically, by ammonium diuranate powder 800 DEG C~ When calcining 2~4 is small at a high temperature of 900 DEG C, to change into U3O8。
Dissolving：With concentrated nitric acid by U3O8Dissolving, filtering, the filtrate of acquisition is acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution.During dissolving, U3O8 Solid-liquid ratio with concentrated nitric acid is 1：(1.35~1.45) g/ml.
With glue：Urea and hexamethylenetetramine are added in acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution, it is molten to form colloidal sol after dissolving completely Liquid.The molar ratio of the urea of addition and metallic uranium in acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution is 1：(1.2~1.6), six methines of addition The molar ratio of tetramine and metallic uranium in acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution is 1：(1.2~1.6).
S2, prepare SiC suspension：SiC is added in deionized water by stirring, the mass ratio of SiC and deionized water For 2：8~1：1, SiC mixed liquors are mixed to get, the dispersant PEI of mass fraction 0.5%~2% is added in SiC mixed liquors, SiC suspension is obtained after stirring evenly.SiC suspension is SiC particles or SiC whisker suspension.
S3, batch mixing：By the volume and UO of SiC (carborundum)2The percent by volume of (ceramic alumina uranium) is (1~10)： 100, sol solution and SiC suspension are mixed, cooling is stirred in the case where temperature is less than 5 DEG C.
S4, gelling：The mixed sols solution that sol solution and SiC suspension are mixed to get heats 48 at 80~90 DEG C ~96 it is small when, carry out gelation, form aqueous uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel.
S5, washing：Uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel is fully washed with weak aqua ammonia, is dried.
S6, drying and calcining：Uranium compound-silicon carbide blend the gel dried is dried in a manner of gradient increased temperature and forged Burn, then cooled to room temperature.
Gradient increased temperature mode is as follows：First temperature is slowly heated up 1~2 hour to 110 DEG C from room temperature, when insulation 3~4 is small； 200 DEG C~220 DEG C, when insulation 2~2.5 is small are warming up to again；300 DEG C, when insulation 2~2.5 is small are warming up to again.
S7, reduction sintering：The gel ball of gained after drying and calcining is carried out under the mixed-gas atmosphere of argon gas and hydrogen Reduction calcining, then cooled to room temperature, obtains UO2/ SiC composite powders.The UO2Each component distributing in/SiC composite powders Uniformly, powder activity is high, is conducive to pellet densification.
Temperature is warming up to 600 DEG C, when insulation 3~4 is small by 5~10 DEG C/min during reduction calcining.
S8, fine and close pellet sintering：By UO2/ SiC composite powders carry out high temperature sintering, then cooled to room temperature, are made UO2- SiC fuel pellets.
High temperature sintering is sintered using SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering, discharge plasma sintering).During sintering, rise Temperature keeps the temperature 5~30 minutes to 1200 DEG C~1500 DEG C.
UO made of the preparation method of the present invention2- SiC fuel pellets, available for light-water reactor fuel element.Through surveying, Obtained fuel pellet density >=96%T.D, oxygen metallic atom ratio are 1.99~2.01, and impurity content meets the requirements, fuel The thermal conductivity and intensive properties of pellet are good.
The foregoing is merely the embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize this hair The equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, is directly or indirectly used in other relevant skills Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. UO2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    Prepare sol solution：Sol solution is made as raw material using ammonium diuranate powder, urea and hexamethylenetetramine；
    Prepare SiC suspension：SiC is added in deionized water by stirring, SiC mixed liquors are obtained, in the SiC mixed liquors The middle dispersant PEI for adding mass fraction 0.5%~2%, obtains SiC suspension after stirring evenly；
    Batch mixing：By the volume and UO of SiC2Percent by volume be (1~10)：100, the sol solution and SiC suspension are mixed Close, cooling is stirred in the case where temperature is less than 5 DEG C；
    Gelling：The mixed sols solution that the sol solution and SiC suspension are mixed to get is heated at 80~90 DEG C Gelation, forms aqueous uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel；
    Washing：The uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel is fully washed with weak aqua ammonia, is dried；
    Drying and calcining：Calcining is dried in a manner of gradient increased temperature to the uranium compound-silicon carbide blend gel dried, it is cold But to room temperature；The gradient increased temperature mode is as follows：First temperature is slowly heated up 1~2 hour to 110 DEG C from room temperature, insulation 3~4 Hour；200 DEG C~220 DEG C, when insulation 2~2.5 is small are warming up to again；300 DEG C, when insulation 2~2.5 is small are warming up to again；
    Reduction sintering：The gel ball of gained after drying and calcining is carried out reduction under the mixed-gas atmosphere of argon gas and hydrogen to forge Burn, be cooled to room temperature, obtain UO2/ SiC composite powders；Temperature is warming up to 600 DEG C by 5~10 DEG C/min during reduction calcining, protects When temperature 3~4 is small；
    Fine and close pellet sintering：By the UO2/ SiC composite powders carry out high temperature sintering, are cooled to room temperature, and UO is made2- SiC fuel Pellet.
  2. 2. UO according to claim 12The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that prepare sol solution step Including：
    Pretreatment：Ammonium diuranate powder is changed into U at high temperature3O8；
    Dissolving：With concentrated nitric acid by the U3O8Dissolving, filtering, the filtrate of acquisition is acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution；
    With glue：Urea and hexamethylenetetramine are added in the acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution, it is molten to form colloidal sol after dissolving completely Liquid.
  3. 3. UO according to claim 22The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that in pre-treatment step, By the ammonium diuranate powder when calcining 2~4 is small at a high temperature of 800 DEG C~900 DEG C, to change into U3O8。
  4. 4. UO according to claim 22The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that in dissolving step, institute State U3O8Solid-liquid ratio with concentrated nitric acid is 1：(1.35~1.45) g/ml.
  5. 5. UO according to claim 22The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that in glue step, institute The molar ratio for stating urea and metallic uranium in the acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution is 1：(1.2~1.6), the hexamethylenetetramine with The molar ratio of metallic uranium is 1 in the acid deficient uranyl nitrate solution：(1.2~1.6).
  6. 6. according to claim 1-5 any one of them UO2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that preparing In SiC suspension steps, the mass ratio of SiC and deionized water is 2：8~1：1；
    In gelling step, the mixed sols solution carries out gelation when heating 48~96 is small.
  7. 7. according to claim 1-5 any one of them UO2The preparation method of-SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that in densified core In block sintering step, high temperature sintering is sintered using SPS；During sintering, 1200 DEG C~1500 DEG C are warming up to, keeps the temperature 5~30 minutes.
  8. A kind of 8. UO2- SiC fuel pellets, it is characterised in that be made of claim 1-7 any one of them preparation methods.
CN201610723425.4A 2016-08-25 2016-08-25 UO2The preparation method of SiC fuel pellets and using UO made of the preparation method2SiC fuel pellets Active CN106297904B (en)

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Families Citing this family (8)

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CN106927832B (en) * 2017-04-13 2019-07-02 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 A kind of preparation method of the imitative fault-tolerant fuel ball of MAX phase accident
CN107342110B (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-10-15 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of UO2The preparation process of graphene hybrid fuel pressed powder
CN111195606B (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-11-09 岭东核电有限公司 Method for separating triuranium silicon in uranium silicide smelting body and nuclear fuel pellet
CN111508628B (en) * 2020-04-17 2022-05-13 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 Preparation method of tungsten or molybdenum-based fuel pellet with uranium dioxide core balls dispersed and distributed
CN112521151A (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-03-19 岭东核电有限公司 Uranium dioxide-graphene fuel pellet and preparation method thereof
CN112687415B (en) * 2020-11-20 2022-12-20 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 Preparation method of UCO microspheres
CN112735618B (en) * 2020-12-30 2022-06-28 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 Preparation method of SiC-based UCO core fuel pellet
CN112820431A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-18 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 Metal wall microcapsule nuclear fuel pellet added with oxide and preparation method thereof

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