CN108415066A - Tunnel construction geological disaster forecasting method - Google Patents
Tunnel construction geological disaster forecasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108415066A CN108415066A CN201711331437.3A CN201711331437A CN108415066A CN 108415066 A CN108415066 A CN 108415066A CN 201711331437 A CN201711331437 A CN 201711331437A CN 108415066 A CN108415066 A CN 108415066A
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- 238000013277 forecasting method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007794 visualization technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G01V1/01—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
- G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
- G01V2210/642—Faults
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel construction geological disaster forecasting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, before the tunnel is excavated, detecting the information of the geological defect body of the tunnel surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face; in the process of S2 tunnel excavation, rock breaking seismic source information around a geological defect body and auxiliary seismic source information in a hole are collected; s3, determining corresponding microseismic event information and seismic wave transmission speed corresponding to the microseismic event information according to the rock cracking seismic source information; s4, according to the stratum optimized velocity model, correcting and calibrating the seismic wave transmission velocity in the step S3, and further correcting and calibrating microseismic event information; s5 forecasting geological disasters caused by tunnel construction in real time. The method combines a seismic wave method and a micro-seismic monitoring technology, considers seismic waves caused by construction factors, corrects and calibrates the micro-seismic event of rock mass fracture, and forecasts possible geological disasters such as collapse, roof collapse and the like in the construction process in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological disaster forecasting technical fields, and in particular, to a kind of tunnel working geology hazard forecasting side
Method.
Background technology
In China's underground engineering construction, highway or Along Railway are passed through frequently with the Tunnel Passing mountain ridge, in constructing tunnel process
In, it is complicated and changeable due to front of tunnel heading geologic body, it is bad often to meet tomography, solution cavity, crushed zone, underground river and high-ground stress etc.
Geological condition, if front geological condition cannot be grasped in time, it is likely that lead to landslide, water burst, rock burst roof fall even mud-rock flow etc.
Therefore geological disaster before constructing tunnel and in work progress, opens front of tunnel heading geological conditions and possible geological disaster
Geological Advanced Prediction work is opened up, the quality and safety for constructing tunnel have a very important significance.
Evaluation and description to four element of geological defect are usually focused on for Geological Prediction Technology at present, only belonged to
In the prospecting scope of work progress, and there is no in view of constructing tunnel this directly trigger geological disaster occur it is important because
Element.
Invention content
In view of the foregoing, it is an object to provide a kind of tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method, carrying out ground
When matter hazard forecasting, by constructing tunnel, this key factor is taken into account, to be likely to occur cave in, the geological disasters such as roof fall into
Row real-time early warning.
For above-mentioned purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
Tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method of the present invention, includes the following steps：
Before S1 tunnel excavations, front of tunnel heading tunnel surrounding is detected using seismic wave method, to detect geological defect
Information；
S2 is set during tunnel excavation around the earth's surface of the geological defect detected and in Tunnel respectively
Multiple sensors are set, the auxiliary seismic source information in rock rupture seismic source information and the hole around the geological defect is acquired；
S3 determines corresponding microseismic event information and the microseismic event information according to the rock rupture seismic source information
Corresponding seismic wave transmission speed；
S4 obtains the rate pattern of stratum optimization, is used for according to different direction, the auxiliary seismic source information of varying strength
It corrects, calibrate seismic wave transmission speed in the step S3, and then correct, calibrate the microseismic event information；
S5 to the microseismic event information carry out clustering, by rock fracture at any time with the development trend in space, with
And the information of the geological defect is shown in the same three-dimensional system of coordinate, and the microseismic event information and the geology are lacked
It falls into body and carries out mechanical matching, judge unfavorable geology, the geological disaster caused to real-time prediction constructing tunnel.
Preferably, the tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method further includes step S6：
According to the seismic wave transmission speed obtained in the step S3, to the velocity of wave field of rock mass in tunnel carry out double difference at
As processing, by double difference be imaged result reflect rock mass internal stress distribution state and adverse geological condition indirectly, by double difference at
The result of picture and the information of the geological defect are shown in same three-dimensional system of coordinate, verify the step S5 to geological disaster
Forecast result.
Preferably, in step S2, using the geological defect as core, earth's surface within the scope of radius is 200 meters
Sensor is set.
Preferably, the sensor spacing being arranged in Tunnel is 20 meters.
Preferably, the auxiliary seismic source information includes：The seismic wave information of explosion focus generation, haulage vehicle focus generate
Seismic wave information and tunnel boring focus generate seismic wave information in it is one or more.
Preferably, in the step S1, seismic wave method detect geological defect investigative range be tunnel length 100~
200 meters, 100 meters of height, 50 meters of width.
Preferably, in step S1, the information of the geological defect detected using seismic wave method includes the Geological Defects
Position, scale, occurrence and the property of body.
Preferably, in the step S3, to receive the sensor of rock masses fracturing seismic source information as the centre of sphere, with phase inductive sensing
The position of the microseismic event of device positioning is that radius makees sphere, and the junction of multiple spheres is the position of practical corresponding microseismic event
It sets.
Preferably, in the step S2, the sensor acquires seismic source information and the feature according to seismic source information, isolates
The rock rupture seismic source information and the auxiliary seismic source information.
Preferably, the microseismic event information include microseismic event position, time and energy in it is one or more.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect：
The present invention is by being used in combination seismic wave method and On Microseismic Monitoring Technique, before tunnel excavation, uses seismic wave method
Detection front of tunnel heading tunnel surrounding during tunnel excavation, utilizes micro seismic monitoring to detect the information of geological defect
Technology monitors the Rock Damage around geological defect in real time.The auxiliary focus letter caused by acquiring constructing tunnel
Breath, is modified and calibrates to rock masses fracturing seismic source information, the position of rock masses fracturing is accurately positioned, caves in, emits to be possible
The geological disasters such as top carry out real-time early warning.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method flow schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is sensing station schematic diagram of the present invention for double-hole tunnel arrangement.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment of the present invention described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.Those skilled in the art may recognize that
It arrives, it without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can be with a variety of different modes or combinations thereof to described
Embodiment is modified.Therefore, attached drawing and description are regarded as illustrative in nature, rather than the protection for limiting claim
Range.In addition, in the present specification, attached drawing is drawn not in scale, and identical reference numeral indicates identical part.
The present embodiment is described in detail with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 is tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method flow schematic diagram of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, institute of the present invention
Tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method is stated to include the following steps：
Before S1 tunnel excavations, front of tunnel heading tunnel surrounding is detected using seismic wave method, to detect geological defect
Information may cause the geological defect of geological disaster with emphasis locking, wherein geological defect includes structurally fractured zone, section
Manage structural belt etc.；
S2 is respectively set more during tunnel excavation around the earth's surface of the geological defect detected and in Tunnel
A sensor acquires the auxiliary seismic source information in the rock rupture seismic source information and hole around geological defect；
S3 determines corresponding microseismic event information and microseismic event information correspondingly according to rock rupture seismic source information
Seismic wave transmission speed；
S4 obtains the rate pattern of stratum optimization, for repairing according to different direction, the auxiliary seismic source information of varying strength
Just, the seismic wave transmission speed in calibration steps S3, and then correct, calibration microseismic event information；
S5 to microseismic event information carry out clustering, by rock fracture at any time with the development trend in space, Yi Jibu
The information of the geological defect measured in rapid S1 is shown in the same three-dimensional system of coordinate, by microseismic event information and Geological Defects
Body carries out mechanical matching, judges unfavorable geology, the geological disaster caused to real-time prediction constructing tunnel.
The present invention carries out real-time prediction by seismic wave method and On Microseismic Monitoring Technique to the geological disaster that constructing tunnel causes,
By constructing tunnel, this factor that directly triggering geological disaster occurs is taken into account, and is believed using the auxiliary focus that construction factor causes
The microseismic event information that breath is corrected, calibration is determining, and then accurate inferred fault activation and country rock rupture event, collapse to be possible
It collapses, the geological disasters such as roof fall carry out real-time early warning.Such as：For two-way four-lane highway tunnel construction engineering, length of tunnel
More than 1000 meters, tunnel surrounding is based on limestone and mud stone, geological structure development, can the tunnel working geology through the invention
Hazard forecasting method carrys out the geological disaster that real-time prediction tunnel may occur in country rock structure development area.
Preferably, tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method of the present invention further includes step S6：Constructing tunnel is caused
The forecast result of geological disaster verified.
Specifically, according to the seismic wave transmission speed obtained in above-mentioned steps S3, the velocity of wave field of rock mass in tunnel is carried out double
Poor imaging, the result being imaged by double difference reflect rock mass internal stress distribution state and adverse geological condition indirectly, will be double
Result and the information of the geological defect detected in above-mentioned steps S1 of difference imaging shows in same three-dimensional system of coordinate, thus
Verify the forecast result to geological disaster.
According to the transport properties of wave, rock mass internal fracture region, stress lower region seismic wave transmission speed it is relatively low,
Conversely, Rock Mass Integrality is good, stress is higher compared with the transmission speed of the seismic wave of concentrated area, and therefore, the velocity of wave field of rock mass in tunnel
It can reflect rock mass internal stress distribution state and adverse geological condition indirectly, to pass through the wave shown in the same coordinate system
Fast field double difference imaging results and geological defect information, verify geological disaster forecasting result.
In step S1, when detecting the information of geological defect using seismic wave method, receiver is embedded in rock mass in tunnel wall
Face, and in the pre-buried blasting charge of rock mass in tunnel wall surface, detonation of a cartridge is caused with earthquake-wave-exciting by initiator, passes through receiver
The seismic signal of reflection is received, and is recorded by recording unit.For constructing tunnel, tunnel is detected using seismic wave method
Front of tunnel heading country rock is to detect the information of geological defect, wherein the information of geological defect includes geological defect
Position, scale, occurrence and property.
During constructing tunnel, seismic wave method can be used to carry out continuous probe, so that before tunnel excavation, emphasis is locked
Surely it may cause the geological defect of serious geological disaster.Preferably, the single for geological defect being detected using seismic wave method is visited
Ranging from 100~200 meters of length of tunnel is surveyed, is highly each 50 meters up and down of tunnel, amounts to 100 meters, width is tunnel left and right directions
Each 25 meters, amount to 50 meters,
Fig. 2 is sensing station schematic diagram of the present invention for double-hole tunnel arrangement, as shown in Fig. 2, in earth's surface and tunnel
Sensor is respectively provided in hole, the geological defect detected using seismic wave method as core, radius be 200 meters within the scope of
Earth's surface is uniformly arranged sensor.Preferably, the sensor spacing being arranged in Tunnel is 20 meters or so.Fig. 2 by taking double holes as an example,
And it is actually not limited to this.
Sensor acquires the seismic source information during tunnel excavation, including rock rupture seismic source information and auxiliary focus letter
Breath.Preferably, sensor acquisition seismic source information carries out real time data processing, and according to the feature of various seismic source informations, isolates
Rock rupture seismic source information and auxiliary seismic source information.Wherein, auxiliary seismic source information is this factor of constructing during constructing tunnel
The seismic wave information of initiation, including explosion focus generate seismic wave information, haulage vehicle focus generate seismic wave information with
And it is one or more in the seismic wave information of tunnel boring focus generation.
Transmission speed of the seismic wave in different rocks is different, and the sensor of different location receives what same focus caused
The time of seismic wave information is different, and the hypocentral location positioned is different.It is both provided with sensor in tunnel and hole, by passing
The processing for the rock masses fracturing seismic source information that sensor receives determines the information of corresponding microseismic event, wherein rock masses fracturing event
Referred to as microseismic event, microseismic event information include one or more in position, time and the energy of microseismic event.Specifically,
Multiple sensors receive rock masses fracturing seismic source information, and microseismic event corresponding with sensing station is obtained by GPS positioning
Position, to receive the sensor of rock masses fracturing seismic source information as the centre of sphere, with the position of the microseismic event of respective sensor positioning
It is set to radius and makees sphere, then the junction of multiple spheres is the position of practical corresponding microseismic event.
In step S4, the sensor being arranged in different location receives various auxiliary seismic source informations in Tunnel, to difference
Orientation, the auxiliary seismic source information of varying strength are handled, and the rate pattern of stratum optimization is obtained.Specifically, pass through GPS positioning
Hypocentral location corresponding with sensing station can be obtained, to obtain the distance between sensor and corresponding focus, according to sensing
Device receives the time of the seismic wave information of reflection, and seismic wave transmission speed is obtained by distance divided by time.To multiple sensors
The auxiliary seismic source information received is handled in the same way, and then obtains the rate pattern of stratum optimization.
When carrying out geological disaster forecasting to constructing tunnel, this factor that will construct is taken into account, and above-mentioned rate pattern is passed through
The corresponding seismic wave transmission speed of the microseismic event obtained in step S3 is modified, is calibrated, since known sensor receives
To the time of seismic wave information, therefore it can further be corrected by revised seismic wave transmission speed, calibrate microseismic event
The position of rock rupture is accurately positioned in position.Clustering is carried out to microseismic event group, using three-dimensional visualization method, is shown
Show rock fracture at any time with the development trend in space, and with seismic wave method detection tunnel surrounding geological defect information same
It is shown in one three-dimensional system of coordinate, by the way that microseismic event and geological defect are carried out mechanical matching, inferred fault activation and country rock
Rupture event, so forecast tunnel excavation may caused by cave in, the geological disasters such as roof fall.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.Any modification made by all within the spirits and principles of the present invention,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Before S1 tunnel excavations, front of tunnel heading tunnel surrounding is detected using seismic wave method, to detect the information of geological defect；
S2 is respectively set more during tunnel excavation around the earth's surface of the geological defect detected and in Tunnel
A sensor acquires the auxiliary seismic source information in rock rupture seismic source information and the hole around the geological defect；
S3 determines that corresponding microseismic event information and the microseismic event information correspond to according to the rock rupture seismic source information
Seismic wave transmission speed；
S4 obtains the rate pattern of stratum optimization, for repairing according to different direction, the auxiliary seismic source information of varying strength
Just, the seismic wave transmission speed in the step S3 is calibrated, and then corrects, calibrate the microseismic event information；
S5 to the microseismic event information carry out clustering, by rock fracture at any time with the development trend in space, Yi Jisuo
The information for stating geological defect is shown in the same three-dimensional system of coordinate, by the microseismic event information and the geological defect
Mechanical matching is carried out, judges unfavorable geology, the geological disaster caused to real-time prediction constructing tunnel.
2. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tunnel working geology
Hazard forecasting method further includes step S6：
According to the seismic wave transmission speed obtained in the step S3, the velocity of wave field of rock mass in tunnel is carried out at double difference imaging
Reason, the result being imaged by double difference reflect rock mass internal stress distribution state and adverse geological condition indirectly, by double difference imaging
As a result it is shown in same three-dimensional system of coordinate with the information of the geological defect, verifies the step S5 to the pre- of geological disaster
Report result.
3. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step S2, using the geological defect as core, sensor is arranged in earth's surface within the scope of radius is 200 meters.
4. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be arranged in Tunnel
Sensor spacing is 20 meters.
5. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The auxiliary seismic source information includes：The seismic wave letter of seismic wave information, the generation of haulage vehicle focus that explosion focus generates
It is one or more in the seismic wave information that breath and tunnel boring focus generate.
6. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S1, the investigative range that seismic wave method detects geological defect is 100~200 meters of the length in tunnel, height
100 meters, 50 meters of width.
7. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, using ground
The information for the geological defect that seismic wave method detects includes position, scale, occurrence and the property of the geological defect.
8. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S3, with
The sensor for receiving rock masses fracturing seismic source information is the centre of sphere, is made as radius using the position of the microseismic event of respective sensor positioning
Sphere, the junction of multiple spheres are the position of practical corresponding microseismic event.
9. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S2, the sensor acquires seismic source information and the feature according to seismic source information, and it is broken to isolate the rock
Split seismic source information and the auxiliary seismic source information.
10. tunnel working geology hazard forecasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The microseismic event information includes one or more in position, time and the energy of microseismic event.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109521467A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 阳泉煤业（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of forward probe method based on projecting coal bed tunnel |
| CN109683193A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of active probe method of double-hole tunnel construction front unfavorable geologic body |
| CN110824550A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-21 | 山东大学 | Tunnel bad geologic body microseismic advanced detection system and method |
| CN110988992A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 中铁十二局集团第二工程有限公司 | Advanced geological forecasting method for mining method construction |
| CN113341454A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 山东大学 | Blasting source-based advanced prediction system and method for tunnel front poor geologic body |
| CN115793672A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-03-14 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Three-dimensional intelligent detection robot and detection method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109683193A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of active probe method of double-hole tunnel construction front unfavorable geologic body |
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| CN110824550A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-21 | 山东大学 | Tunnel bad geologic body microseismic advanced detection system and method |
| CN110824550B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-10-29 | 山东大学 | Tunnel bad geologic body microseismic advanced detection system and method |
| CN110988992A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 中铁十二局集团第二工程有限公司 | Advanced geological forecasting method for mining method construction |
| CN113341454A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 山东大学 | Blasting source-based advanced prediction system and method for tunnel front poor geologic body |
| CN115793672A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-03-14 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Three-dimensional intelligent detection robot and detection method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN108415066B (en) | 2020-03-24 |
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