CN108415020A - A kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm - Google Patents
A kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- CN108415020A CN108415020A CN201810151461.7A CN201810151461A CN108415020A CN 108415020 A CN108415020 A CN 108415020A CN 201810151461 A CN201810151461 A CN 201810151461A CN 108415020 A CN108415020 A CN 108415020A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8997—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using synthetic aperture techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm, step is (1), first determines the general distribution of test specimen defect first with method when Mintrop wave sound, and method can be used bounce technique or transmission beam method and test specimen is carried out and detected when Mintrop wave sound；(2), secondly the distributing position of defect is imaged using the method for synthetic aperture focusing, it is popped one's head in using one, make it along a detection line to move, one fixed displacement of each stepping, probe acquires echo-signal after each stepping fixed displacement and numbers storage；(3), it finally realizes focusing algorithm, is handled by the echo-signal to each stepping position, according to vector addition synthetic method, be that focused radius is superimposed into line delay using the less aperture number in left and right, obtain a good wave beam of directive property.Present invention decreases signal transmitting and stage issuable error is received, improves the precision of imaging results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasound detection fields, and in particular to a kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm.
Background technology
In all ultrasound detections, be required for it is qualitative or quantitative determine defect target, wherein for defect target
Position distribution be tester wish the most obtain.In ultrasonic imaging research, the spatial positional information of internal flaw target
In echo, it is imaged by processing, can these information be become to the target of visual image and presented.Since being figure
Picture, then this parameter of the resolution ratio of image just becomes critically important for imaging results.For multiple mesh in image
Target resolution capability directly determines the resolving power of imaging system, the lateral resolution of system can be expressed as same distance to and
The resolution ratio of two point targets on different directions, accordingly for same direction and different distance to two point targets point
Resolution can be referred to as longitudinal resolution.For a detecting system, the height of detection resolution mainly by this two
A resolution ratio determines.
We can describe the concept of the horizontal and vertical resolution ratio of system with a three-dimensional coordinate system, it is assumed that a point
Some position that target P is positioned in the space, it is believed that coordinate origin O represents the position of some ultrasonic probe, as shown in Figure 1,
From geometric knowledge it is found that being only aware of the coordinate value of point P, the spatial position of point P just can be uniquely determined in space.It is false
The distance OP=R that the P that sets up an office namely pops one's head at a distance of coordinate origin, then projection OPs ' of the OP in horizontal xy-plane, the folder with x-axis
Angle is set asIt is set as θ with the angle of oblique distance OP.
Oblique distance R can be in the hope of because sound wave is propagated according to ray theory, then in coordinate origin at this time
It is according to straightline propagation between point P, speed is exactly the velocity of sound in certain medium, this is a definite value.If from coordinate original
The propagation time of point-to-point P is t, then oblique distance R can be indicated with formula 1.1：
As shown in Figure 1, deducing by geometric knowledge, in the same direction if there are two point P1 and P2, they are visited with transmitting
The distance of head is respectively R1 and R2.Time from this 2 points echoes sent out arrival probes is respectively t1 and t2, and time interval is just
It can be indicated with formula 1.2
If 2 wide aparts of P1 and P2, ultrasonic wave is presented on the envelope on waveform in this 2 points echo and can compare at this time
It is easier to distinguish, but if P1 and P2 close proximities, the echo envelope of two points may be overlapped and become not allowing at this time
It easily distinguishes, this and transmitting signal are related certainly, if it is relatively narrow to emit signal pulse, can improve to a certain extent point
Resolution, but the supersonic frequency for detecting concrete is generally relatively low, and pulsewidth is all wider, therefore the factor of transmitted wave just must take into consideration.
It is overlapped along lucky before and after the echo envelope of previous point target P1 and the echo envelope of second target point P2
When, this limit spacing be just referred to as be this system longitudinal resolution, i.e.,
Wherein τ is the pulse width for emitting signal.So from the expression formula 1.3 of longitudinal resolution it can be seen that can pass through
Longitudinal resolution is improved using burst pulse.But the finite energy that burst pulse is included, it is located at relatively deeply if being detected target
Distance, then narrow pulse signal may just decay and be over when not reaching detection target.In radar system, signal
The bandwidth of waveform is can be with the longitudinal resolution of decision systems testing result.The frequency of burst pulse is relatively simple, at this time can be with
Consider linear FM signal, the duration is long in the time domain for this signal, and its frequency band is very wide, and linear distribution, such
Transmitting wave energy is stronger, is suitble to the detection of further object.
Probe transmitting ultrasound is emitted with acoustic beam, as shown in Fig. 2, acoustic beam has certain angle of flare, when target point
When within the scope of acoustic beam, it is meant that target point can be strafed to by the ultrasonic wave in acoustic beam and generate echo, be irradiated in acoustic beam
Target point except range would not be irradiated to, and would not also generate echo in this way.Therefore, the directional characteristics of sensor are determined
The lateral resolution of detecting system is determined.
Same setting two target points P1 and P2, they are relative to detection planar horizontal distribution, it is assumed that they are apart from probe
Have identical distance R, unlike their Angle Positions relative to probe, two Angle Positions differences Δ β, Fig. 2 give two mesh
Punctuate P1 and P2 the echo schematic diagram under 3 kinds of different location distribution situations respectively, the case where (c) is lateral resolution in Fig. 2
Maximum value, so
At this moment the distance of two point P1 and P2 is about
Here it is the lateral resolutions of system.By formula 1.4 and 1.5 it is found that the raising of system lateral resolution can pass through
Two kinds of approach：Increase sensor aperture size and improves the frequency of transmitted wave to obtain shorter wavelength.
In this complex dielectrics of concrete, the frequency of transmitted wave is higher, and the decaying in communication process is bigger, in this way
Detection depth will reduce.It is thus found that we had both thought to improve lateral resolution as possible, investigative range can not be reduced, this seems
Become contradictory demand.And in the processing technology of actual probe, the processing technology of large scale probe is inherently immature,
This is also to improve lateral resolution to bring difficulty.
The appearance of synthetic aperture focusing technology perfectly solves contradiction above, it is made up of multiple aperture diameter probes
Linear transducer array formed macropore diameter probe effect, while this array probe group can pass through waveform screening composition one narrow arteries and veins
Broad beam can realize the superposition of energy, in this way in detection depth due to the superposition of multigroup echo data on some direction
On promoted there has also been good.
Synthetic aperture testing principle is as indicated at 3：Target point P is detected using multiple probes, if it is assumed that use
Consistency of popping one's head in is fine, then multiple intensity for popping one's head in the total sonic pressure field constituted are exactly all sound fields caused by each probe
u0Vector sum, although they since distributing position difference will produce the difference in phase, total acoustic pressure is
U=Nu0 (1.6)
N indicates the total number of probe, at this time the lateral resolution of the array combination of this N number of probe composition
In synthetic aperture focusing imaging test, multiple probes is theoretically required to form one " large aperture " probe to defect
Position is imaged, this is just very high to the coherence request for physical characteristic of popping one's head in, if physical characteristic has difference, also must
The ultrasonic signal that its transmitting can so be influenced and received generates accumulative miss when carrying out the demonstration stacking image of echo in the later stage in this way
Difference influences accuracy of detection.
In addition, in the SAFT algorithms (ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm) that traditional synthetic aperture detects, for defect
The focusing of point is formed by stacking together by all echoes for being irradiated to defect point, and the benefit handled in this way is can to carry as far as possible
Raising defect point focusing amplitude, so that defect point is more highlighted, but the delay due to multiple signals early period and consistency tune
Whole problem can make the stacking image result of focus point lateral extension occur, i.e. lateral dimension becomes larger.If defect relative to
Detection faces are multiple defect points of parallelly distribute on, and the echo of this multiple defect point is substantially same group of echo at this time, is superimposed at this time
And reconstruct in the image come, it is just no so clear for the presentation of multiple defects, in order to weaken or eliminate pseudomorphism, carry
High lateral resolution, the present invention conduct in-depth research this.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm, this algorithm solves probe one
Sex chromosome mosaicism weakens or eliminates pseudomorphism, improves lateral resolution.
The present invention adopts the following technical solutions：
A kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm, steps are as follows：
(1), first determine the general distribution of test specimen defect using method when Mintrop wave sound, when Mintrop wave sound method can be used bounce technique or
Transmission beam method is carried out and is detected to test specimen；
(2), the distributing position of defect is imaged again using the method for synthetic aperture focusing, is popped one's head in using one, makes its edge
A detection line to move, one fixed displacement of each stepping, probe acquires echo after each stepping fixed displacement
Signal simultaneously numbers storage；
(3), it realizes focusing algorithm, is handled by the echo-signal to each stepping position, closed according to vector addition
At method, it is that focused radius is superimposed into line delay using the less aperture number in left and right, defect point boundary can be weakened in this way
Superposition so that weaken pseudomorphism, obtain a good wave beam of directive property, while entire sound field energy also enhances at this time.
Further, the equal length that the summation of probe step-wise displacement and array distribution are popped one's head in (2).
Further, it is that focused radius is used into line delay superposition to original using the less aperture number in left and right in (3)
The focused radius of odd number or even-numbered channels is superimposed into line delay in aperture passage.
The technical program major advantage compared with traditional ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm is as follows：
1, using single probe, the consistency of probe physical characteristic is ensure that, to reduce signal transmitting and receive rank
The issuable error of section, improves the precision of imaging results.
2, for traditional algorithm when using array probe, the minimum value of probe and probe spacing is the diameter of probe.Use list
Probe moves analog array by position and pops one's head in, and can reduce the minimum spacing of probe, can be in this way in limited aperture
Realize more multiple signals.
3, traditional algorithm Multi probe works at the same time, and mutual interference can not avoid, and single probe is asked there is no such
Topic.
Although the technical program has used the data of less aperture number, on image is shown, the presentation of defect becomes not
It is enough prominent, but the point target of multiple cross direction profiles can be effectively distinguished, improve the lateral resolution of imaging results.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is detection resolution schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is angular resolution schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is existing synthetic aperture detection technique schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the synthetic aperture detects schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 be the present invention emulation experiment in the concrete model figure that builds in WAVE2000；
Fig. 6 sweeps image for B before and after improvement SAFT algorithm process in the emulation experiment of the present invention and compares；
Fig. 7 (a) is the energy profile after echo superposition in the emulation experiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 (b) is improvement SAFT algorithm process back echo energy diagrams in the emulation experiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 sweeps image for new model B before and after improvement SAFT algorithm process in the emulation experiment of the present invention and compares；
Fig. 9 (a) is the energy profile after new model echo superposition in the emulation experiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 (b) is new model backward energy distribution map after improvement SAFT algorithm process in the emulation experiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific implementation
Mode, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are only explaining this
Invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Present embodiment uses following technical scheme：
A kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm also referred to as improves SAFT (synthetic aperture in this field
Focusing technology) algorithm, steps are as follows：
(1), first determine the general distribution of test specimen defect using method when Mintrop wave sound, when Mintrop wave sound method can be used bounce technique or
Transmission beam method to test specimen carry out and detect, due to the presence of internal flaw so that pass through defective locations ultrasonic wave occur scattering, around
Penetrate equal acoustic phenomenons, thus the echo-signal that receives of receiving terminal in amplitude and sound on all can more non-defective echo not
Together, the position distribution of test specimen internal flaw can be probably determined by the method.
(2), it as shown in figure 4, being imaged again using the method for synthetic aperture focusing to the distributing position of defect, is visited using one
Head makes it along a detection line to move, and one fixed displacement of each stepping is popped one's head in after each stepping fixed displacement
Acquisition echo-signal simultaneously numbers storage, the equal length of summation and the array distribution probe for step-wise displacement of popping one's head in, thus with one
A pop one's head in simulates the detection result of a linear array probe.The present invention uses single probe, moves analog array by position and visits
Head, not only ensure that the consistency of probe physical characteristic, but also avoid interfering with each other between probe, to reduce signal transmitting and connect
Receipts stage issuable error, improves the precision of imaging results.
(3), it realizes focusing algorithm, is handled by the echo-signal to each stepping position, closed according to vector addition
It is that focused radius is superimposed into line delay, such as is only adopted in original aperture passage using the less aperture number in left and right at method
It is overlapped with odd number or even-numbered channels, the superposition of defect point boundary can be weakened in this way and then weakens pseudomorphism, obtain one
The good wave beam of directive property, while entire sound field energy also enhances at this time.Although the method is due to the use of less aperture number
Purpose data, on image is shown, the presentation of defect can also become not prominent enough, but can effectively distinguish multiple cross direction profiles
Point target, improve the lateral resolution of imaging results.
For verification algorithm, we first simulate an experimentation.In test we use WAVE 2000 this
The sound field simulation software of a commercialization can first establish a concrete test block model for including defect, the tool of model by software
Body parameter is as shown in Figure 5.Width is 160mm, a height of 200mm in the overall size of test block, and two round cavity blemish are located at test block
Height is at 100mm, and diameter is 20mm, its spacing 80mm.Probe diameter is set as 10mm, tranmitting frequency 100kHz, side
Boundary's condition is set as non-boundary.Other physical characteristics of test block can directly invoke the concrete modular built in software, and density is
2600kg/m^3, Lame Coefficient 24990MPa.The velocity of sound of the ultrasonic wave in concrete is set as 4000m/s in experiment, and probe is each
Step distance is 5mm.
As shown in fig. 6, being that concrete imitation true mode passes through the imaging results improved before and after SAFT algorithm process, in concrete
In ultrasound detection, by all echo datas come reconstruction image (original image), the focusing effect of the marginal position of defect at this time
It can become very poor, for example pseudomorphism occur, and the more deep this phenomenon of the depth of focus can become apparent from.It, must in order to improve the depth of focus
The data volume of detection, that is, more test points and echo data must be increased, then data are more, and pseudomorphism will be more serious.
If it is the defect point of multiple parallelly distribute ons, result is exactly that one can be connected into imaging results at a distance of closer defect point
Big defect, this is unfavorable for identifying and judgeing for defect, and uses the imaging results after improving SAFT algorithm process, it can be seen that changes
Algorithm after still effectively increases the imaging effect of horizontal multiple target.
It is the energy profile improved before and after SAFT algorithm process as shown in Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b), backward energy mainly collects
In energy near fault location rather than at defective locations obviously reduce.Imaging effect is not also near Defect Edge in figure
It is fine, this should be due to caused by focus data deficiency at Defect Edge, extending aperture number, and the data for increasing acquisition are answered
This can improve the detection result at Defect Edge.
As shown in figure 8, in order to verify the applicability of improved method, we establish a new concrete using WAVE2000
Model, overall size is constant, and the spacing of two defects is only narrowed down to 50mm, and the step-wise displacement of two probes becomes 10mm, in this way
The quantity that echo data can be reduced carries out SAFT algorithm imaging results with this model.Since defective locations are closer to institute
It is had been attached to together, and at improved SAFT with the imaging results of two fault locations when with classical SAFT algorithms direct imaging
After reason, the imaging results of two defects can be compartmentalized well, it is seen that this algorithm improves the transverse direction of testing result really
Resolution ratio, shown in backward energy distribution map such as Fig. 9 (a), Fig. 9 (b).
By the above experimental verification, the improved SAFT algorithms of the present invention only utilize the echo-signal in the less channel of near focal point
Be superimposed, therefore defective locations more improve energy for result and die down in imaging results, for example, rightmost side hole imaging results
Substantially it can not recognize, but this is a kind of a kind of reduction for the imaging results overall situation, some weaker clutters of original energy
It is also equally weakened in imaging results with pseudomorphism, therefore can still tell the general distribution of defective locations in the result,
The discrimination of defect target can be promoted for the enhancing processing of imaging results by the later stage for this phenomenon, such as in practical inspection
It surveys in application, emphasis scanning can be carried out for defective locations in double measurement, to reduce the False Rate of defect target.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiment being appreciated that.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm, it is characterised in that：
(1), first determine the general distribution of test specimen defect first with method when Mintrop wave sound, when Mintrop wave sound method can be used bounce technique or
Transmission beam method is carried out and is detected to test specimen；
(2), secondly the distributing position of defect is imaged using method of synthetic aperture focusing, is popped one's head in using one, make its along
One detection line moves, each stepping one fixed displacement, and probe acquires echo letter after each stepping fixed displacement
Number and number storage；
(3), it finally realizes focusing algorithm, is handled by the echo-signal to each stepping position, closed according to vector addition
At method, it is that focused radius is superimposed into line delay using the less aperture number in left and right, obtains a good wave beam of directive property.
2. a kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In (2)
The equal length of summation and the array distribution probe for step-wise displacement of popping one's head in.
3. a kind of improved time-domain ultrasonic signal synthetic aperture algorithm as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In (3)
It is that focused radius is superimposed into line delay using logical to odd number in original aperture passage or even number using the less aperture number in left and right
The focused radius in road is superimposed into line delay.
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| CN110208863A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-06 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of method and device of the immersed body detection shape based on frequency domain |
| CN110412133A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-05 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of supersonic array concrete NDT system based on synthetic aperture focusing imaging |
| CN111122700A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-05-08 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving laser ultrasonic SAFT defect positioning speed |
| CN113484421A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-08 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Laser ultrasonic internal defect multimode imaging method and system based on synthetic aperture |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109828029A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 深圳中凯剑无损检测设备科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic phase array detection system and method based on initial data |
| CN109828029B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-08-27 | 烟台中凯检测科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic phased array detection system and method based on original data |
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| CN111122700A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-05-08 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving laser ultrasonic SAFT defect positioning speed |
| CN113484421A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-08 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Laser ultrasonic internal defect multimode imaging method and system based on synthetic aperture |
| CN113484421B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2023-04-28 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Laser ultrasonic internal defect multimode imaging method and system based on synthetic aperture |
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Application publication date: 20180817 |