CN108411160B - Self-lubricating bearing with self-adaptive characteristic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-lubricating bearing with self-adaptive characteristic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
- F16C33/104—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing in a porous body, e.g. oil impregnated sintered sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/128—Porous bearings, e.g. bushes of sintered alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
- F16C33/145—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in of sintered porous bearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Abstract
The invention provides a self-lubricating bearing and a preparation method thereof. The self-lubricating bearing includes: a bearing body; and a porous structure dispersed within the bearing body and at least a portion of the porous structure being filled with a lubricant, wherein a material of the bearing body includes titanium and nickel. The self-lubricating bearing has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, superelasticity and the like, and is suitable for large-scale application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials. In particular, the present invention relates to a self-lubricating bearing having adaptive properties and a method of manufacturing the same.
Background
The bearing is used as a core component forming the kinematic pair, the service life of the bearing directly restricts the development of the whole major equipment technology, and the bearing is directly related to the efficient development of national economy. The lubricating problem in the bearing is a key factor influencing the service life of the bearing, a common bearing usually needs to ensure the lubricating effect of the bearing by means of a complex matched oil supply system, and the oil-containing self-lubricating bearing can construct a self-lubricating system with a micro-storage function by utilizing the oil immersion characteristic of a porous substrate material of the bearing and can work for a long time under the condition of no external oil supply. The self-lubricating bearing has the advantages of low noise, small size, low price, convenient maintenance and the like, is particularly suitable for occasions with difficult oil supply and lubricant pollution avoidance, and is now an indispensable basic part in the industries of office equipment, precision machinery, automobiles, household appliances, acoustic equipment and the like. In recent years, the number of self-lubricating bearings produced in China is about 20 hundred million, and the self-lubricating bearings are already large producing countries of self-lubricating bearings, but the production technology level of metal sintering self-lubricating bearings in China is still low, and a plurality of enterprises still use the technology in the later period of the 50 th century. With the continuous development of economy in China, the demand of self-lubricating bearings is continuously increased, especially the demand of high-quality and high-reliability self-lubricating bearings.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent at least one of the technical problems of the prior art.
It should be noted that the present invention has been completed based on the following findings of the inventors:
the self-lubricating bearing is subjected to the combined action of friction, abrasion, impact, corrosion and the like during working, so that the base material of the self-lubricating bearing has good mechanical properties (strength, hardness and wear resistance) and corrosion resistance and high damping performance. The existing self-lubricating bearing material mainly uses: 1) the iron base, such as bearing steel, has good mechanical properties and certain corrosion resistance, but the shock absorption performance is weaker; 2) copper base, such as copper-tin alloy, has good antifriction property and certain mechanical property, but the corrosion resistance is poorer; 3) aluminum base, because of its advantages of smaller density, higher strength and hardness, has been used to replace copper base composite material with oil and without oil, but aluminum has poor antifriction and wear resistance, and the surface is liable to cold stick welding during friction and wear.
In view of the above, the inventor creatively found that, by using a nickel titanium alloy as a bearing body material, which can generate a two-way shape memory effect to give a self-adaptive characteristic to the bearing body, a pore structure thereon can expand or contract with the change of temperature, so as to release or store a lubricant in the pore structure, thereby achieving a self-lubricating effect. Moreover, the nickel-titanium alloy gives consideration to the excellent properties of metal and ceramic, so that the self-lubricating bearing has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, superelasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
To this end, in one aspect of the invention, the invention proposes a self-lubricating bearing comprising: a bearing body; and a porous structure dispersed within the bearing body and at least a portion of the porous structure being filled with a lubricant, wherein a material of the bearing body includes titanium and nickel. The nickel-titanium alloy is taken as a bearing body material, the nickel-titanium alloy can generate a two-way shape memory effect to endow the bearing body with self-adaptive characteristics, and a porous structure on the nickel-titanium alloy can expand or contract along with the change of temperature, so that a lubricant in the porous structure is released or stored, and a self-lubricating effect is achieved. Moreover, the nickel-titanium alloy gives consideration to the excellent properties of metal and ceramic, so that the self-lubricating bearing has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, superelasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the self-lubricating bearing may further have the following additional features:
according to an embodiment of the invention, the material of the bearing body comprises: 45-50 atomic% titanium; and the balance nickel. Thereby, the self-lubricating bearing is further improved in the self-adaptability, load-bearing property, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and elasticity.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the surface Vickers hardness of the self-lubricating bearing is 30-500 HV, the tensile strength is 120-600 MPa, the compressive strength is 160-1300 MPa, and the porosity is 5-45%. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased from room temperature to 80-120 ℃, the pore diameter change rate of the porous structure is 0.9-1.2%. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is 80-120 ℃, the porous structure axially shrinks, so that at least part of the lubricant in the porous structure is extruded. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the extrusion amount of the lubricant is 0.15-0.25% of the volume of the bearing. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased from room temperature to 80-120 ℃, the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating bearing is increased by 3-7%. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the self-lubricating bearing is previously subjected to thermo-mechanical cycling training. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a self-lubricating bearing as described above. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: mixing titanium powder and nickel powder to obtain mixed powder; sintering the mixed powder to obtain a sintered product; subjecting the sintered product to a thermo-mechanical cycle training so as to obtain a bearing body in which a porous structure is dispersed; and subjecting the bearing body to an oil immersion treatment so that at least part of the porous structure is filled with the lubricant, so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing obtained by the method has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: wet-grinding the mixed powder and performing a first drying process before the sintering process; after the sintering process, the sintered product is subjected to polishing, washing, and a second drying process. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing obtained by the method has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the wet grinding treatment time is 4-8 hours, and the first drying treatment is carried out at 100-120 ℃ for 1-2 hours. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing obtained by the method has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sintering treatment temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the pressure is 0-30 MPa, the time is 2-10 min, and the vacuum degree of a sintering chamber is less than 10 Pa. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing obtained by the method has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the purity of the titanium powder and the nickel powder is higher than 99%, and the particle size is 20-100 mu m. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing obtained by the method has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the oil immersion treatment comprises the steps of: immersing the bearing body in a lubricant at 55-65 ℃, controlling the vacuum degree of an oil immersion treatment system to be less than 1000Pa, keeping the vacuum degree for 25-35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and recovering the pressure of the system to be atmospheric pressure so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing; the thermo-mechanical cycling training comprises the following steps: (i) stretching the sintered product at 100-150 ℃ to enable the deformation amplitude of the bearing body to be 4-15%; (ii) cooling to-40-0 ℃ and removing the stretching force; (iii) repeating the steps (i) and (ii) 4-15 times so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing obtained by the method has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a self-lubricating bearing according to one embodiment of the invention, in which 18-the bearing body, 17-the porous structure;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a self-lubricating bearing according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a self-lubricating bearing according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a system for preparing a porous substrate of a bearing by discharge plasma sintering according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1-upper pressure head, 2-graphite mold, 3-thermocouple, 4-vacuum chamber, 5-lower pressure head, 6-pressure, 7-current, 8-nitinol powder, 9-power supply;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a system for two-way shape memory effect training of a substrate material according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein 10-tension, 11-upper clamp, 12-clamped upper part, 13-trained part, 14-high and low temperature environment box, 15-clamped lower part, 16-lower clamp, 17-internal aperture, 18-bearing;
FIG. 6 shows a bearing dimensional diagram according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 shows a pore micrograph of an internal cross section of a bearing according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of the effect of the two-way shape memory effect of a self-lubricating bearing according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) the macroscopic size of the bearing at room temperature, (b) the macroscopic size of the bearing at elevated temperature, (c) the microscopic pore size at room temperature, and (d) the microscopic pore size at elevated temperature.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The present invention proposes a self-lubricating bearing and a method for manufacturing the same, which will be described in detail below.
Self-lubricating bearing
In one aspect of the invention, a self-lubricating bearing is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the self-lubricating bearing comprises:
bearing body 100
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of the bearing body 100 comprises titanium and nickel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the hole-like structure 200 is dispersed within the bearing body 100, and at least part of the hole-like structure 200 is filled with a lubricant. Specifically, a plurality of porous structures (which can also be understood as pores between particles) are dispersed in a bearing body made of nickel and titanium materials, and the bearing body is immersed in a lubricant, so that the lubricant can penetrate into the porous structures, and the effect of completely or incompletely filling the porous structures is achieved.
The super-elastic property of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy can enable the stress and strain inside the material to be distributed more uniformly, thereby further reducing the abrasion of the material, having excellent abrasion resistance and being far superior to common abrasion-resistant steel-5mm/year. These excellent properties are just enough for the requirement of nickel-titanium alloy as high-performance bearing material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the self-lubricating bearing is previously subjected to thermo-mechanical cycling training. The inventor finds that the nickel-titanium alloy generates a two-way shape memory effect by performing thermo-mechanical cycle training, and the nickel-titanium alloy is endowed with self-adaptive characteristics. The so-called adaptive property is: when the lubricating effect in the self-lubricating bearing is poor, friction heat is generated, the bearing body can axially contract at the moment, the porous structure in the bearing body contracts along with the axial contraction, the lubricant filled in the bearing body is extruded out and is supplemented to the friction pair, and the lubricating condition is improved. When the lubricating condition is improved, the temperature is reduced, the bearing body is restored to the original state, the hole-shaped structure in the bearing body is expanded, and redundant lubricant between the friction pairs is sucked and stored. Compared with a common self-lubricating bearing, the nickel-titanium alloy cable oil/oil seepage bearing is stronger in oil function and durability.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of the bearing body 100 comprises: 45 to 50 atomic% (e.g., 45 atomic%, 47 atomic%, 49.8 atomic%) titanium; and the balance nickel. The inventor obtains the better proportion through a large number of experiments, under the condition, the self-adaptive characteristic of the self-lubricating bearing can be improved, and the self-lubricating bearing has higher wear resistance, corrosion resistance and elasticity. However, other ratios have poor results, for example, if the nickel or titanium content is too high, the bearing has poor self-adapting effect.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the Vickers hardness of the surface of the self-lubricating bearing is 30-500 HV. Whereby the wear resistance of the bearing surface can be ensured.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the tensile strength is 120-600 MPa, and the compressive strength is 160-1300 MPa. Therefore, the bearing can be ensured to have higher crushing strength.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the porosity is 5-45%. Specifically, porosity can be controlled by varying the atomic weight ratio of nickel and titanium, particle size, sintering temperature and pressure, and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased from room temperature to 80-120 ℃, the aperture change rate of the porous structure is 0.9-1.2%. Therefore, along with the change of temperature, the porous structure shrinks, so that the lubricant filled in the porous structure is extruded, and the self-lubricating effect is achieved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is 80-120 ℃, the porous structure shrinks axially, so that at least part of the lubricant in the porous structure is extruded. The self-lubricating bearing has good self-adaptability, and when the temperature is increased to 80-120 ℃, the porous structure in the self-lubricating bearing axially shrinks, and the lubricant filled in the porous structure is extruded and supplemented to the friction pair, so that the self-lubricating effect is achieved. After the temperature is reduced, the porous structure is expanded, and redundant lubricant between the friction pairs is automatically sucked and stored in the porous structure. According to the embodiment of the invention, the extrusion amount of the lubricant is 0.15-0.25% of the volume of the bearing. The inventors have found that the pore structure size can be varied by varying the atomic weight ratio of nickel and titanium and parameters such as particle size, sintering temperature, sintering pressure, etc., to express the amount of lubricant extruded as the pore structure shrinks with increasing temperature. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing provided by the embodiment of the invention has good self-adaptability, has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, super elasticity and the like, and can particularly avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased from room temperature to 80-120 ℃, the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating bearing is increased by 3-7%. The self-lubricating shaft with the self-adaptive characteristic subjected to the thermal-mechanical cycle training has small influence on the temperature, and after the temperature is increased, the increase of the friction coefficient is obviously smaller than that of a common bearing (for example, the friction coefficient of an untrained NiTi alloy bearing is increased by 20-25% under the same condition). Furthermore, the self-lubricating bearing of the invention has higher temperature influence resistance. Compared with the common bearing, the self-lubricating bearing has the advantages that the diffusion of the lubricant in the self-lubricating bearing increases the shape memory effect besides the capillary action, the thermal expansion action and the pumping action, so that the self-lubricating bearing has better cable oil/oil seepage effect than the common bearing, reduces the abrasion of external force to materials, has better wear resistance and has stronger durability.
Method for manufacturing self-lubricating bearing
In a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a self-lubricating bearing as hereinbefore described. According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 2, the method comprises:
s100 hybrid processing
In this step, the titanium powder and the nickel powder are subjected to a mixing treatment to obtain a mixed powder.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the purity of the titanium powder and the nickel powder is higher than 99%, and the particle size is 20-100 μm. Therefore, the self-lubricating bearing has the porosity of 5-45%, and has good self-adaptive characteristic, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and super elasticity, for example, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased from room temperature to 80-120 ℃, the aperture change rate of the porous structure can reach 0.9-1.2%, and the extrusion amount of the lubricant is 0.15-0.25% of the volume of the bearing. In addition, the bearing performance, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance, the high damping property, the superelasticity and the like of the self-lubricating bearing can be improved, and particularly, the problem that the bearing material fails due to corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure can be avoided.
S200 sintering treatment
In this step, the mixed powder is subjected to a sintering treatment to obtain a sintered product.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sintering treatment temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the pressure is 0-30 MPa, the time is 2-10 min, and the vacuum degree of a sintering chamber is less than 10 Pa. The inventor obtains the better sintering treatment condition through a large number of experiments, and the self-lubricating bearing has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping property, superelasticity and the like under the condition.
According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 3, the method further comprises:
s210 Wet milling and first drying treatment
In this step, the mixed powder is subjected to wet grinding and a first drying process before the sintering process.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the wet grinding treatment time is 4-8 hours, and the first drying treatment is carried out at 100-120 ℃ for 1-2 hours. Through wet grinding, the nickel-titanium powder is finer, so that the porosity of the self-lubricating bearing is ensured to meet the requirement, the self-lubricating bearing has better self-adaptive characteristic, and has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping property, super elasticity and the like. And removing moisture through first drying treatment, so as to facilitate subsequent high-temperature sintering.
S220 polishing, cleaning and second drying treatment
In this step, after the sintering process, the sintered product is subjected to polishing, washing, and a second drying process.
S300 thermo-mechanical cycling training
In this step, the sintered product is subjected to thermo-mechanical cycle training so as to obtain a bearing body in which the porous structures are dispersed.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the thermo-mechanical cycling training comprises the steps of: (i) stretching the sintered product at 100-150 ℃ to enable the deformation amplitude of the bearing body to be 4-15%; (ii) cooling to-40-0 ℃ and removing the stretching force; (iii) and (ii) repeating the steps (i) and (ii) 4-15 times so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing. The inventor obtains the better thermal-mechanical cycle training through a large number of experiments, so that the bearing body generates a two-way shape memory effect to endow the bearing body with self-adaptive characteristics, and the porous structure on the bearing body can expand or contract along with the change of temperature, so that the lubricant in the porous structure is released or stored, and the self-lubricating effect is achieved. Moreover, the nickel-titanium alloy gives consideration to the excellent properties of metal and ceramic, so that the self-lubricating bearing has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping, superelasticity and the like, and particularly can avoid the problem of bearing material failure caused by corrosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
S400 oil immersion treatment
In this step, the bearing body is subjected to an oil immersion treatment so that at least part of the porous structure is filled with the lubricant, so as to obtain a self-lubricating bearing. Therefore, the lubricant is filled into the hole-shaped structure, and further, the oil pumping and oil leakage effects are achieved in the temperature change process of the bearing body.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oil immersion process includes the steps of: immersing the bearing body in a lubricant at 55-65 ℃, controlling the vacuum degree of an oil immersion treatment system to be less than 1000Pa, keeping for 25-35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and recovering the pressure of the system to be atmospheric pressure so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing. The inventor obtains the above better conditions through a large number of experiments, so that the lubricant is filled into the porous structure, and further the oil recovery and oil leakage effects are realized in the temperature change process of the bearing body.
It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the self-lubricating bearing are also applicable to the method for manufacturing the self-lubricating bearing, and are not described herein again.
The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
In this example, a self-lubricating bearing was prepared as follows:
a. and (3) matching and weighing: weighing metal powder required by preparing the bearing according to a proportion, wherein the weight ratio of titanium: 49.8 atomic%, the balance being nickel. All powders had a purity of 99.99% and a particle size of 37 μm.
b. Mixing: wet grinding in a variable frequency planetary ball mill for 6h, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 2h to obtain the uniformly mixed nickel-titanium alloy powder.
c. And (3) sintering: referring to fig. 4, nickel-titanium alloy powder is filled into a graphite die (2) and is placed into a vacuum cavity (4) of a discharge plasma sintering furnace for sintering, and the vacuum degree is less than 10 Pa. After the power supply (9) supplies power, the current (7) passes through the graphite die (2) and the nickel-titanium alloy powder (8) to realize powder sintering. The sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the temperature is measured by a thermocouple (3); the sintering pressure (6) is 0MPa and is controlled by the upper pressure head (1) and the lower pressure head (5); the sintering time was 5 min.
d. According to the size requirement of the bearing (18), diamond grinding wheels with different meshes are matched, the end surfaces of two sides of the bearing are machined by a plane grinder, the inner surface of the bearing is machined by an inner grinder, and the outer wall of the bearing is machined by an outer grinder so as to reduce the roughness of each surface.
e. And cleaning the processed porous bearing by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 20 minutes, and then putting the cleaned product into an oven for drying.
f. Training shape memory effect: and carrying out thermal-mechanical cycle training on the sintered bearing. Referring to fig. 5, the upper and lower clamped parts (12) and (15) of the bearing are clamped by the upper and lower clamps (11) and (16) of the universal tester, then the temperature is raised to 120 ℃ by the high and low temperature environment box (14), a stretching force (10) is applied to the trained part (13) of the bearing after the temperature is raised, the deformation amplitude is ensured to be 5%, then the temperature is lowered to-20 ℃ by the high and low temperature environment box (14), and the stretching force (10) is removed. Finally, this process was repeated 6 times.
g. Oil immersion treatment: soaking the bearing in lubricating oil, and putting the whole bearing in a vacuum drying box. Then, the temperature is raised to 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is pumped to be less than 1000Pa, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature after the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 30min, and finally the pressure is restored to the atmospheric pressure.
Taking out the self-lubricating bearing after oil immersion, wiping off redundant lubricating oil by clean dust-free cloth to obtain a finished product, wherein the size of the bearing is shown in figure 6, then carrying out performance test on the porous oil-containing bearing, wherein the performance test comprises the steps of measuring the porosity of the material to be 22%, the Vickers hardness of the surface to be 304HV, the tensile strength to be 267MPa and the compressive strength to be 743MPa, and the friction coefficient to be 0.0508 under the oil-containing state from 0.4014 under the dry friction state, so that the comprehensive performance of the porous oil-containing bearing is far superior to that of a common metal oil-containing bearing, in addition, for the self-adaptive characteristic of the bearing, after training of a two-way shape memory effect, the pores (figure 7) of the inner section of the bearing are observed, the influence of temperature change on the shape change of the porous oil-containing bearing is tested by using a vernier caliper and an environment scanning electron microscope with a hot stage, the macroscopic size change amplitude of the bearing is measured by the vernier caliper to be 1.10%, the microscopic pore size change amplitude of the bearing is measured by the scanning electron microscope to be 0.95- 11m3If the extruded lubricating oil is spread on the inner surface of the bearing, an oil film having a thickness of 7.55 × 10 can be formed-8m, which shows that the formation of a lubricating oil film in the bearing can be ensured by only the shape memory effect. To the bearing frictionAnd in the process of testing the chemical performance, the temperature of the bearing is controlled by external temperature control equipment. The friction coefficient of the ordinary bearing increases after the temperature rises, but the bearing with the self-adaptive characteristic is less affected by the temperature than the bearing without the self-adaptive characteristic (step f is not included). The temperature rises from room temperature to 120 ℃, the friction coefficient of the bearing with the self-adaptive characteristic is increased by 5 percent, and the friction coefficient of the bearing without the self-adaptive characteristic is increased by 23 percent. It can be seen that the bearing with the adaptive characteristic has the ability to resist the temperature effects. Compared with the existing bearing, the diffusion of the lubricating medium in the bearing provided by the invention has the advantages that the shape memory effect is increased besides the capillary action, the thermal expansion effect and the pumping effect, so that the bearing has a better cable oil/oil seepage effect and a longer service cycle than the existing bearing.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A self-lubricating bearing, comprising:
a bearing body; and
a pore structure dispersed within the bearing body and at least a portion of the pore structure being filled with a lubricant,
wherein the material of the bearing body comprises titanium and nickel;
the self-lubricating bearing is subjected to heat-mechanical cycle training in advance;
the material of the bearing body comprises:
45 to 50 atomic% titanium; and
the balance being nickel;
when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased from room temperature to 80-120 ℃, the aperture change rate of the porous structure is 0.9-1.2%;
when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is 80-120 ℃, the porous structure axially shrinks, so that at least part of the lubricant in the porous structure is extruded out, and the extrusion amount of the lubricant is 0.15-0.25% of the volume of the bearing;
when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is increased to 80-120 ℃ from room temperature, the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating bearing is increased by 3-7%;
the method for preparing the self-lubricating bearing comprises the following steps:
mixing titanium powder and nickel powder to obtain mixed powder;
sintering the mixed powder to obtain a sintered product;
subjecting the sintered product to a thermo-mechanical cycle training so as to obtain a bearing body in which a porous structure is dispersed; and
subjecting the bearing body to an oil immersion treatment so that at least part of the porous structure is filled with the lubricant, so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing;
the sintering treatment temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the pressure is 0-30 MPa, the time is 2-10 min, and the vacuum degree of a sintering chamber is less than 10 Pa;
the thermo-mechanical cycling training comprises the following steps:
(i) stretching the sintered product at 100-150 ℃ to enable the deformation amplitude of the bearing body to be 4-15%;
(ii) cooling to-40-0 ℃ and removing the stretching force;
(iii) repeating the steps (i) and (ii) 4-15 times so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing.
2. The self-lubricating bearing of claim 1, wherein the surface Vickers hardness of the self-lubricating bearing is 30 to 500HV, the tensile strength is 120 to 600MPa, the compressive strength is 160 to 1300MPa, and the porosity is 5 to 45%.
3. A method of manufacturing the self-lubricating bearing of claim 1 or 2, comprising:
mixing titanium powder and nickel powder to obtain mixed powder;
sintering the mixed powder to obtain a sintered product;
subjecting the sintered product to a thermo-mechanical cycle training so as to obtain a bearing body in which a porous structure is dispersed; and
subjecting the bearing body to an oil immersion treatment so that at least part of the porous structure is filled with the lubricant, so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing;
the sintering treatment temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the pressure is 0-30 MPa, the time is 2-10 min, and the vacuum degree of a sintering chamber is less than 10 Pa;
the thermo-mechanical cycling training comprises the following steps:
(i) stretching the sintered product at 100-150 ℃ to enable the deformation amplitude of the bearing body to be 4-15%;
(ii) cooling to-40-0 ℃ and removing the stretching force;
(iii) repeating the steps (i) and (ii) 4-15 times so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
wet-grinding the mixed powder and performing a first drying process before the sintering process;
after the sintering process, the sintered product is subjected to polishing, washing, and a second drying process.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the wet-milling treatment time is 4 to 8 hours, and the first drying treatment is performed at 100 to 120 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the titanium powder and nickel powder have a purity of more than 99% and a particle size of 20 to 100 μm.
7. A method according to claim 3, wherein said oil immersion treatment comprises the steps of:
immersing the bearing body in a lubricant at 55-65 ℃, controlling the vacuum degree of an oil immersion treatment system to be less than 1000Pa, keeping the vacuum degree for 25-35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and recovering the pressure of the system to be atmospheric pressure so as to obtain the self-lubricating bearing.
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