CN108401559B - The three axis HI high impact pick up calibration switching devices based on Hopkinson bar - Google Patents
The three axis HI high impact pick up calibration switching devices based on Hopkinson bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN108401559B CN108401559B CN201218004598.3A CN201218004598A CN108401559B CN 108401559 B CN108401559 B CN 108401559B CN 201218004598 A CN201218004598 A CN 201218004598A CN 108401559 B CN108401559 B CN 108401559B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the three axis HI high impact pick up calibration switching devices based on Hopkinson bar, belong to weapon technical field of measurement and test.Specifically include the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools for realizing Z axis Coulomb sensitivity and X-axis, the calibration of Y-axis cross sensitivity, and XY is to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school, realize Y-axis Coulomb sensitivity and X-axis, the calibration of Z axis cross sensitivity or the calibration of X-axis Coulomb sensitivity and Y-axis, Z axis cross sensitivity；Applied to Hopkinson bar high-impact acceleration sensor calibration experiments, two kinds of pick up calibration switching devices are completed jointly to by three axial impact sensitivity of school HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer and the calibration of three axis cross sensitivities；The relationship of each axial response and transverse response of HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer can accurately be obtained；Have many advantages, such as resisting strong impact, anti high overload.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three axis HI high impact pick up calibration switching devices based on Hopkinson bar, belong to weapon
Technical field of measurement and test.
Background technology
Fast development with new and high technology and its extensive use in military field, utilize precision guided weapon
To target of military importance in battlefield, economic goal and it is other have the target of strategic potentiality carry out key point strike and
It destroys, is a big feature of High-technology local war.It due to boring explodes huge to the impact failure effect of target
Greatly, therefore various hard goal Penetrator Weapons are greatly developed, especially deep Penetration weapon, is to improve weapon power
One of important technology.Hard goal Penetrator Weapon bores in ground experimental study, understands body and objectives interation
Process impact dynamic has a very important significance the development of weapons and ammunitions, therefore Penetration
The measurement of middle object construction dynamic response parameter and body structure dynamic response parameter is extremely important, it can be to bore
Ground weapon penetration mechanism, Penetration weapon penetration property, penetration ammunition design and safeguard structure, protective materials
Etc. research important data are provided.The height of the anti high overload of three directional accelerations can be measured simultaneously
Impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer is one of the most key link for realizing these dynamic parametric tests.
It is also hard goal Penetrator Weapon to carry out calibration to the HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer newly developed
One of the main contents of HI high impact experiment and high overload three-axis sensor technical research, it is mainly solved in Gao Chong
Hit the Coulomb sensitivity of 3-axis acceleration sensor and linearity calibration problem under overload condition.To what is newly developed
HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer must carry out the test and calibration of comprehensive performance, by test and
The data of calibration determine its magnitude test scope, order of accuarcy, see can it meet hard goal penetration Gao Chong
Hit the requirement of experiment.One good sensor calibrating method and calibrating installation are the proper use of premises of sensor
Condition, and correct evaluation sensor test data foundation, without effective calibration method and calibrating installation,
It will be unable to the correctness and accuracy of evaluation experimental and test data.
Mainly for uniaxial high-impact acceleration sensor in existing high-impact acceleration sensor collimation technique
Sensitive axial progress sensitivity calibration, it is insensitive specifically for HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer
Sensitivity axially and transversely is carried out at the same time the device and calibration method of calibration.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the prior arts cannot be to HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer
Transverse direction and sensitive axial Coulomb sensitivity the shortcomings that being carried out at the same time calibration, propose the height based on Hopkinson bar
Impact the calibration switching device of three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer.
The present invention designs two kinds of pick up calibration switching devices：The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools, XY are to anvil
The quasi- switching device of sports school.
1.Z is that the impact of three axis high-impact acceleration sensor main shafts (Z axis) is clever to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
The calibration switching device of sensitivity and two axis (X-axis, Y-axis) cross sensitivity；Using high intensity, low-density material
Material is process using conventional mechanical manufacturing process, including clamping axis, carrying axle, constrained port, Z-direction are installed and put down
Face, mounting hole；Its shape is the structure of the different cylinder Coaxial Superimposed of two diameters.
The side cylinder nearest apart from Hopkinson bar impact end is clamping on the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools
Axis, diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, and cylindrical surface and vacuum fixture closely paste
It closes, is pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function.
The cylinder being superimposed upon on clamping axis is carrying axle, is the reality for carrying acceleration transducer and transmitting excitation
Body portion；Carrying axle outer diameter is more than sensor housing pedestal maximum circumscribed circle diameter.
Constrained port is located on clamping axis, for a cylinder through-hole, in the cylinder of center axis and clamping axis
Mandrel line orthogonal vertical；Be installed with steel wire in constrained port, realize to Z-direction anvil body sensor calibration switching device and
The buffering of corrected sensor and constraint.
Carrying axle upper surface is Z-direction mounting plane, provides support and positioning for sensor, radially makes thereon
Make two symmetrical threaded mounting holes in the opposite center of circle, for fixing corrected sensor.Tapped bore is than shell base
The installation aperture of seat is smaller, and threaded hole is away from identical with the mounting hole spacing on housing base；Bullet high velocity impact is suddenly
The stress wave that Pu Jinsen bars generate is transmitted to the end of sensor installation along Hopkinson bar by one end, and
It is transmitted on acceleration transducer.
The course of work of the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools of the present invention is：One corrected sensor is put
On Z axis mounting plane in the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools, pass through Z axis mounting hole using joint bolt
Sensor is fixed, is then installed on Hopkinson bar calibration test rack.When the strain-pulse of thump
When reaching the interface of the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools and corrected sensor, according to one-dismensional stress wave theory, obtain
Go out the speed of interface particle.Since corrected sensor is closely affixed with ZXiang Zhen sports schools quasi- switching devices, by school
Speed that sensor is experienced, acceleration are equal with its interface particle velocity, acceleration.Theoretical calculation can be true
Z axis that corrected sensor is subject to is determined to acceleration value and X-axis, Y-axis lateral-acceleration value.The Z of the present invention
It is laterally sensitive to sensitivity, X-axis, Y-axis it can be completed at the same time a sensor Z axis to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
The calibration of degree.
2.XY is suitable for Y to the material identical of the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school and the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools
The calibration of axis Coulomb sensitivity and two axis (X-axis, Z axis) cross sensitivity or X-axis Coulomb sensitivity and
The calibration of two axis (Y-axis, Z axis) cross sensitivity；Block, constrained port, XY are found including clamping axis, carrying
To mounting plane, mounting hole.
XY to anvil body be clamped axle position in XY on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school apart from Hopkinson bar impact end most
Close side is a cylinder, and diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, cylinder
Face and vacuum fixture fit closely, and are pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function.
XY carries vertical block to anvil body and is vertically positioned at clamping axis top, cylinder axis to side, is bow for a section
The semicylinder of shape is the entity part for carrying acceleration transducer and transmitting excitation；Its section arch chord length
More than the length of sensor housing pedestal, semicylinder bottom surface outer rim is located to be clamped except axis outer circle degree.Half
Cylinder height is more than sensor housing base length.
The semicylinder vertical plane that block is found in carrying is XY to mounting plane, provides support for sensor and determines
The stress wave that Hopkinson bar excitation generates is transmitted on acceleration transducer by position.
XY makes two pairs of threaded mounting holes that block is found through carrying, respectively X-axis mounting hole on mounting plane
With Y-axis mounting hole, for fixing corrected sensor；Tapped bore is more smaller than the installation aperture of housing base, Y
Straight line where shaft mounting hole is perpendicular to the axis of clamping axis, and straight line parallel is in the axis of clamping axis where X-axis mounting hole
Line.The spacing of Y-axis mounting hole, the spacing of X-axis mounting hole are identical with the mounting hole spacing on housing base.Two pairs
After the position in hole ensures sensor installation, lower surface is close to that axis upper surface is clamped.
XY of the present invention is to the course of work of the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school：One corrected sensor is put
In XYs of the XY into the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school on mounting plane, installed by Y-axis using joint bolt
Sensor is fixed in hole, is then installed on Hopkinson bar calibration test rack.When the strain arteries and veins of thump
Punching is when reaching XY to the interface of the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school and corrected sensor, according to one-dismensional stress wave theory,
Obtain the speed of interface particle.Since corrected sensor is closely affixed with XY to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school, quilt
Speed that school sensor is experienced, acceleration are equal with its interface particle velocity, acceleration.Theoretical calculation can
Determine the Y-axis acceleration value and X-axis, Z axis lateral-acceleration value that corrected sensor is subject to.The present invention's
XY can be completed at the same time a sensor Y-axis sensitivity, X-axis, Z axis transverse direction to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
The calibration of sensitivity.If sensor is fixed on XY to mounting plane by X-axis mounting hole using joint bolt,
The calibration of a sensors X axial sensitivity, Y-axis, Z axis cross sensitivity can then be completed.
Two kinds of pick up calibration switching devices are completed to by school HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer jointly
Three axial impact sensitivity and three axis cross sensitivities calibration；Applied to Hopkinson bar high-impact acceleration
Pick up calibration is tested, and the Coulomb sensitivity and transverse direction that carry out HI high impact three dimension acceleration sensor are can be not only used for
Sensitivity shock calibration, it can also be used to the Coulomb sensitivity of HI high impact one-dimensional or bidimensional acceleration transducer and
Cross sensitivity shock calibration.
Advantageous effect
The present invention is that a kind of calibration method of novel HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer and calibration turn
Connection device solves not sensitive to the transverse direction of HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer in the prior art
The problem of degree, Coulomb sensitivity are carried out at the same time the method and apparatus of calibration；HI high impact three-dimensional can accurately be obtained
Each axial response of MEMS acceleration transducers and the relationship of transverse response；With resisting strong impact, anti-exceed
It is the advantages that load, military to hard goal penetration in weaponry HI high impact experiment and high overload pick up calibration field
Device HI high impact experiment and high overload sensor technology research is of great significance, for weapons and ammunitions development all
It has a very important significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Hopkinson bar school of the HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer in specific implementation mode
The flow chart of quasi- method；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools of the present invention；Wherein (a) is three-dimensional tie
Structure schematic diagram (b) is structure sectional view；
Fig. 3 be the present invention structural schematic diagram from XY to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school；Wherein (a) is solid
Structural schematic diagram (b) is structure sectional view；
Fig. 4 is structural schematic diagrams of the X in specific implementation mode to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school；Wherein (a)
For dimensional structure diagram, (b) it is structure sectional view；
Fig. 5 is the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools and corrected sensor mounting structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 (a) is the XY of the present invention to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school and corrected sensor X to mounting structure
Schematic diagram；(b) it is that XY of the invention shows to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school and corrected sensor Y-direction mounting structure
It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is that the X in specific implementation mode shows to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school with corrected sensor mounting structure
It is intended to；
Fig. 8 is Hopkinson bar HI high impact system schematic in specific implementation mode.
Label declaration
1-Z turns to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school, 3-X to anvil sports school standard to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school, 2-XY
Connection device, 4- by school HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer, 5-Z to anvil body clamping axis, 6-Z to
Anvil body constrained port, 7-Z are to anvil body carrying axle, 8-Z to mounting plane, 9-Z to anvil body mounting hole, 10-XY
It is installed to anvil body clamping axis, 11-XY to anvil body constrained port, 12-XY to mounting plane, 13-XY to anvil body
Hole, 14-XY are carried to anvil body founds block, 15-X to anvil body clamping axis, 16-X to anvil body constrained port, 17-X
To mounting plane, 18-X to anvil body mounting hole, 19-X to anvil body carry stand block, 20- bores, 21- bodies,
22- Hopkinson bars, 23- foil gauges, 24- impact ends.
Specific implementation mode
In order to better illustrate objects and advantages of the present invention, come with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to the present invention
Content is described further.
The present invention designs two kinds of pick up calibration switching devices：The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools, XY is to anvil
The quasi- switching device of sports school.Two kinds of pick up calibration switching devices are completed to by school HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS jointly
Three axial impact sensitivity of acceleration transducer and the calibration of three axis cross sensitivities.The present embodiment also proposes one
X is planted to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school；Three kinds of pick up calibration switching devices are applied to Hopkinson bar HI high impact
Acceleration transducer calibration experiments can be not only used for the Coulomb sensitivity for carrying out HI high impact three dimension acceleration sensor
With cross sensitivity shock calibration, it can also be used to the impact spirit of HI high impact one-dimensional or bidimensional acceleration transducer
Sensitivity and cross sensitivity shock calibration.
As shown in Fig. 2, the quasi- switching device 1 of the ZXiang Zhen sports schools of the present embodiment is a cylindrical structure, this knot
Structure is according to the supporting structure designed by Hopkinson bar impact end, on it using conventional mechanical manufacturing process
Process clamping axis 5, carrying axle 7, constrained port 6, Z-direction mounting plane 8, mounting hole 9；By titanium alloy
Material or stainless steel material are process；
The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools is three axis high-impact acceleration sensor main shaft (Z axis) Coulomb sensitivitys
With the calibration switching device of two axis (X-axis, Y-axis) cross sensitivity；
Clamping axis 5 be located on the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools 1 apart from Hopkinson bar impact end recently one
Side is a cylinder, and diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, cylindrical surface and true
Empty fixture fits closely, and is pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function；Axis height is clamped
About 10-15mm；
Carrying axle 7 and clamping axis 5 are adjacent, are a cylinder, are to carry acceleration transducer and transmit to encourage
Entity part；It, can will be with folder in order to mitigate weight to realize the acceleration for obtaining bigger in calibration experiments
Hold the part excision that axis is tangent, is parallel to outside two parallel planes of the front and back plane of symmetry；7 axle center of carrying axle position
In on the center axis of Z-direction anvil body 1, outer diameter is more than sensor housing pedestal maximum circumscribed circle
The smallest positive integral of diameter, height are about 10-15mm；
Constrained port 6 is a pre-and post perforative cylinder through-hole, and nose circle face 6-9mm is clamped in axial line distance,
Bore dia 2-5mm is constrained, steel wire is installed in constrained port 6, realizes to calibrate Z-direction anvil body sensor and transfer
The buffering and constraint of device 1 and corrected sensor；
Z-direction mounting plane 8 is located at the side far from Hopkinson bar impact end in carrying axle 7, with Z-direction anvil
Body central axis upright；It provides support and positioning for sensor, the stress that Hopkinson bar excitation is generated
Wave is transmitted on acceleration transducer.
Mounting hole 9 is for fixing corrected sensor, for a pair of screw thread peace substantially symmetrical about its central axis about Z-direction anvil body
Hole is filled, hole axle is parallel to 1 center axis of Z-direction anvil body, and aperture is located at the Z-direction peace of Z-direction anvil body 1
Fill plane 8 on, tapped bore is more smaller than the installation aperture of housing base, threaded hole away from on housing base
Mounting hole spacing is identical；Public face 1-3mm of the threaded hole deepest point apart from carrying axle 7 and clamping axis 5；
As shown in figure 3, XY is a cylindrical structure to the quasi- switching device 2 of anvil sports school, this structure is according to suddenly
Supporting structure designed by Pu Jinsen bar impact ends processes clamping on it using conventional mechanical manufacturing process
Axis 10, carrying found block 14, constrained port 11, XY to mounting plane 12, mounting hole 13；XY is to anvil body
Calibration switching device is process by titanium alloy material or stainless steel material；
XY to the quasi- switching device 2 of anvil sports school be three axis high-impact acceleration sensor Y-axis Coulomb sensitivitys and two
The calibration switching device of axis (X-axis, Z axis) cross sensitivity；It is also suitable for replacing X to turn to anvil sports school standard
Connection device 3 completes three axis high-impact acceleration sensor X-axis Coulomb sensitivitys and two axis (Y-axis, Z axis) are horizontal
To the device of the calibration of sensitivity；
Clamping axis 10 be located at XY on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 2 apart from Hopkinson bar impact end recently
Side, be a cylinder, diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, cylindrical surface and
Vacuum fixture fits closely, and is pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function；Central shaft
Line and XY are overlapped to the center axis of the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 2；Axis height, which is clamped, is about
10-15mm；
Block 14 is found in carrying and clamping axis 10 is adjacent, is bowed cylinder for a section, is carrying acceleration
Sensor and the entity part for transmitting excitation；Its section arch chord length is more than the length of sensor housing pedestal
Size, in order to mitigate weight with realize in calibration experiments obtain bigger acceleration, can will with clamping axis 10
Out-of-plane part excision that is tangent, being parallel to the front and back plane of symmetry；Arch action or thickness are 5-8mm, are held
It is bigger 3-5mm than clamping 10 outer diameter of axis to carry vertical 14 outer diameter of block, highly than sensor housing base length
Big 5-10mm；
It is nearest apart from HI high impact system shock end on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 2 that constrained port 11 is located at XY
Side is a pre-and post perforative cylinder through-hole, and center axis is not only with XY to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
2 center axis orthogonal vertical, and it is vertical with front and back symmetrical plane；11 axial line distance of constrained port
10 nose circle face 6-9mm of axis is clamped, constrained port 11 diameter 2-5mm, XY are into anvil body constrained port 11
Be installed with steel wire, may be implemented to XY to anvil body sensor calibrate switching device 2 and corrected sensor buffering and
Constraint；Constrained port is processed to fillet at 11 aperture, and steel wire is protected not isolated by seamed edge acute angle under HI high impact,
Improve the reliability of buffering；
XY is vertically positioned at carrying to mounting plane 12 and stands on block 14, and support and positioning are provided for sensor, will
The stress wave that Hopkinson bar excitation generates is transmitted on acceleration transducer.
Mounting hole 13 from XY to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 2 for fixing corrected sensor, be two pairs of screw threads
Mounting hole, aperture are located at XY on mounting plane 12, run through from front to back, tapped bore compares housing base
Installation aperture it is smaller, Y-direction install hole axle along XY to 2 central axial direction of anvil body lay, wherein a hole
Axis founds the distance in the public face of block 14 to clamping axis 10 and carrying and another axially bored line founds block 14 to carrying
The distance of top surface is identical, and two pitchs of holes are identical with the mounting hole spacing on housing base；X is to installation hole axle edge
It and XY is laid to the direction of 2 central axis upright of anvil body, the distance of 14 top surface of block is found in their distance carryings
To carry the half for founding 14 height of block；
As shown in figure 4, X is a cylindrical structure to the quasi- switching device 3 of anvil sports school, this structure is according to suddenly
Supporting structure designed by Pu Jinsen bar impact ends processes clamping on it using conventional mechanical manufacturing process
Axis 15, carrying found block 19, constrained port 16, X to mounting plane 17, mounting hole 18；X is accurate to anvil sports school
Switching device 3 is process by titanium alloy material or stainless steel material；
X to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school be three axis high-impact acceleration sensor X-axis Coulomb sensitivitys and two axis
The calibration switching device of (Y-axis, Z axis) cross sensitivity；
Clamping axis 15 be located at X on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 3 apart from Hopkinson bar impact end recently one
Side is a cylinder, and diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, cylindrical surface and true
Empty fixture fits closely, and is pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function；Center axis
It is overlapped to the center axis of the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 3 with X；Axis 15, which is clamped, is highly about
10-15mm；
Block 19 is found in carrying and clamping axis 15 is adjacent, is bowed cylinder for a section, is carrying acceleration
Sensor and the entity part for transmitting excitation；Its section arch chord length is more than the length of sensor housing pedestal
Size, in order to mitigate weight with realize in calibration experiments obtain bigger acceleration, can will with clamping axis 15
Out-of-plane part excision that is tangent, being parallel to the front and back plane of symmetry；Arch action or thickness are 5-8mm, are held
It is bigger 3-5mm than clamping 15 outer diameter of axis to carry vertical 19 outer diameter of block, highly than sensor housing base width
Big 5-10mm；
Constrained port 16 be located at X on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 3 apart from HI high impact system shock end it is nearest one
Side, is a pre-and post perforative cylinder through-hole, and center axis is not only with X to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 3
Center axis orthogonal vertical, and it is vertical with front and back symmetrical plane；16 axial line distance of constrained port is pressed from both sides
15 nose circle face 6-9mm of axis is held, constrained port 16 diameter 2-5mm, X are into the constrained port 16 of anvil body 3
It is installed with steel wire, buffering and constraint to anvil sports school quasi- switching device 3 and corrected sensor to X may be implemented；
Constrained port is processed to fillet at 16 aperture, and steel wire is protected not isolated by seamed edge acute angle under HI high impact, improves
The reliability of buffering；
X is located at carrying to mounting plane 17 and stands on block 19, be by carrying stand 19 bow-shaped cross-section of block string,
And with X to the parallel plane of 3 cylindrical center's axis of Zhen Ti；It provides support and positioning for sensor, will
The stress wave that Hopkinson bar excitation generates is transmitted on acceleration transducer.
Mounting hole 18 is for fixing corrected sensor, and for a pair of of threaded mounting hole, hole axle is perpendicular to X to anvil body
3 center axis, aperture are located at X on mounting plane 17, run through from front to back, tapped bore ratio
The installation aperture of housing base is smaller, and hole axle is laid along with X to the direction of 3 central axis upright of anvil body,
The distance of it and vertical 19 top surface of block of carrying is the half that 19 height of block is found in carrying；Pass through two mounting holes, 18 axis
Plane be symmetrical faces of the X to anvil body, X to the central axis of anvil body 3 and is parallel to peace by X
The plane for filling plane 18 is the front and back planes of symmetry of the X to anvil body 3；
Such as Fig. 5, shown in 6,7, corrected sensor 4 is packed into the Z-direction of the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools 1
On mounting plane 8, Z axis sensitivity and X-axis, the calibration of Y-axis cross sensitivity can be carried out；It will be passed by school
Sensor 4 is packed into XY into the Y-direction mounting hole 13 of the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 2, and it is sensitive can to carry out Y-axis
Degree and X-axis, the cross sensitivity of Z axis are calibrated；Corrected sensor 4 is filled mounted in X to the quasi- switching of anvil sports school
3 X is set into mounting hole 18, X-axis sensitivity and Y-axis, the calibration of Z axis cross sensitivity can be carried out；
As shown in Fig. 6 (a), XY can also replace X to make to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
With corrected sensor 4 is packed into XY on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school 2 perpendicular to center axis direction
A pair of of mounting hole 13 in, carry out X-axis Coulomb sensitivity and Y-axis, Z axis cross sensitivity calibration；
By using three kinds of pick up calibration switching devices to carry out Hopkinson bar calibration experiments successively, can obtain
To by two transverse directions of each axis in the Coulomb sensitivity of three axial directions of school 3-axis acceleration sensor and three axis
Sensitivity obtains its respective linear calibration curve, calculates the linearity and cross sensitivity ratio.
Fig. 8 be Hopkinson bar HI high impact calibration system, the calibration system by Hopkinson bar, velocity-measuring system,
Data acquisition processing system forms.Hopkinson bar is completed to encourage the impact acceleration of corrected sensor, surveys
Speed system and data collecting system complete the pickup of calibration test data, and data processing section completes calibration data
Processing.
There are strain measurement system and data collecting system with what Hopkinson bar impact end was connected.Using deformeter
The strain signal of sensor is converted into weak voltage signals with the strain measurement system of amplifier composition, then by
Amplifier is amplified as discernible signal small-signal；Using multi-channel digital storage oscillograph,
VXI or NI virtual instrument data actuations may be used, realize the high-speed sampling to test signal and storage, with
For follow-up data processing, and then realize the work(to HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer sensitivity calibration
Energy.
Hopkinson bar HI high impact calibration changes method principle using speed.It is to make to be born by school acceleration transducer
Then the effect of mechanical shock pulse measures the sensor velocity variations Δ V as caused by impacting.Acceleration is passed
The output quantity of sensor carries out integrating to obtain A, and the Coulomb sensitivity S of accelerometer is determined with following formula.
S=KA/ Δs V
Wherein K is that related coefficient is arranged with amplifier.
The connection relation of the present embodiment alignment system components is：The biography of corrected sensor will be installed
Sensor calibrates switching device, is installed in the impact excitation system of Hopkinson bar HI high impact calibration system, will
Three road signal wires of the sensor all encourage input terminal and strain measurement system input terminal to connect with constant pressure,
The output end of strain measurement system is connected with multi-channel digital storage oscillograph input terminal again, or and VXI
Or the data collecting systems input terminal such as NI virtual instruments is connected.
To the pick up calibration switching device 24 of corrected sensor be installed, is installed on Hopkinson bar HI high impact
The signal wire of sensor is encouraged input terminal and strain measurement system to input by the impact end of system with constant pressure respectively
End connection, then the output end of strain measurement system is connected with multi-channel digital storage oscillograph input terminal, or
Person is connected with data collecting systems input terminals such as VXI or NI virtual instruments；By body 21 with a certain speed from
On the gasket that Impinging coaxial is affixed to the input terminal with Hopkinson bar 22 after emitting in bore 20, Huo Pujin
One will be generated in gloomy bar 22 and is similar to semisinusoidal compressive strain pulse, and compressive strain pulse is then golden along Hope is led
22 longitudinal propagation of gloomy bar, the foil gauge 23 in 22 center of Hopkinson bar can measure this strain-pulse.
When strain-pulse reaches the interface of multisensor calibration structure and sensor, according to one-dismensional stress wave theory,
It can obtain the speed of interface particle.Due to corrected sensor, pick up calibration switching device 24 and Hope
The gloomy bar of gold 22 is closely affixed, speed, acceleration and its interface particle velocity that acceleration transducer is experienced,
Acceleration is equal, and theoretical calculation can determine adding for the axial direction along Hopkinson bar 22 that acceleration transducer is subject to
Velocity amplitude.If acceleration transducer is sensitive axially axial consistent with Hopkinson bar 22, basis adds
The output of velocity sensor, it may be determined that the axial impact sensitivity of sensor.If acceleration transducer is horizontal
It is laterally axial consistent with Hopkinson bar 22 to installation, then it, can according to the output of acceleration transducer
To determine the cross sensitivity of sensor.
Change the shape of the pick up calibration switching device of the present embodiment, the present invention is also applied to different
In the HI high impact calibration system of HI high impact one-dimensional, bidimensional or three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the calibration method of the HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer of the present embodiment.
By the experiment of step described in figure, the three of a HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer can be calibrated
Axial impact sensitivity, three axis cross sensitivities and the linearity calculate three axis cross sensitivity ratios.
The HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer calibration method of present embodiment, it is specific to test process such as
Under：
Step 1, two foil gauges 23 are pasted at the middle part of Hopkinson bar 22, carries out high-impact acceleration and swashs
The input strain measurement encouraged, to obtain input impact acceleration.
Step 2, preheating and the self calibration of deformeter and amplifier are carried out.
Step 3, high dynamic strain indicator is connected with Hopkinson bar calibration test system, constitutes calibration test
Platform；
Step 4, ZXiang Zhen sports schools standard is installed on by school HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer by one
On switching device 1, then the assembly of the two is installed on the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, checked
Sensor line is protected, and according to pulsewidth and peak accelerator size, difference is installed to Z-direction anvil body dashpot 10
The wool anvil cushion pad of thickness；Three channels of three pass lines of sensor and dynamic strain indicator are respectively connected with,
Using dynamic strain indicator by three road electric bridge autobalances；To main shaft (Z axis) Coulomb sensitivity of sensor, with
And two lateral shafts (X, Y-axis) of sensor carry out cross sensitivity calibration；It is generated by Hopkinson bar
High-g level acceleration encourages, and measures, analyzes and handles to test data using calibration test system, point
Two lateral shafts of the main shaft of corrected sensor to acceleration magnitude, direction and corrected sensor are not obtained
Acceleration magnitude, orientation measurement are as a result, and preserved；
Step 5, the experiment n times of step 2 are repeated, Hopkinson bar encourages on the basis of previous every time
Power so that the impact peak value acceleration that acceleration transducer is subject to increases.Each increased peak accelerator value
Equally, the peak accelerator value of last time experiment is not less than the design range of sensor.
Step 6, step 2 is removed by 4 device of school acceleration sensing, is installed on the quasi- switching of YXiang Zhen sports schools
On device 2, then the assembly of the two is installed on the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, checks sensing
Device route protection installs different-thickness according to pulsewidth and peak accelerator size to Y-direction anvil body dashpot 17
Wool anvil cushion pad；Three channels of three pass lines of sensor and dynamic strain indicator are respectively connected with, are used
Dynamic strain indicator is by three road electric bridge autobalances；To the second horizontal axis (Y-axis) Coulomb sensitivity of sensor, with
And the main shaft and the first horizontal axis (Z, X-axis) of sensor carry out cross sensitivity calibration；Pass through Hopkinson bar
The excitation of high-g level acceleration is generated, test data is measured, analyze and is handled using calibration test system,
Respectively obtain the Y-axis acceleration magnitude of corrected sensor, the X in direction and corrected sensor, Z axis plus
Velocity magnitude, orientation measurement are as a result, and preserved；
Step 7, the experiment n times of step 4 are repeated, the impact peak value that each acceleration transducer is subject to accelerates
Angle value is identical as value when the corresponding number described in step 3.
Step 8, step 4 is removed by school acceleration transducer 4, is installed on X and transfers to anvil sports school standard
On device 3, then the assembly of the two is installed on the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, checks sensing
Device route protection installs different-thickness to X according to pulsewidth and peak accelerator size to anvil body dashpot 24
Wool anvil cushion pad；Three channels of three pass lines of sensor and dynamic strain indicator are respectively connected with, are used
Dynamic strain indicator is by three road electric bridge autobalances；To the first horizontal axis (X-axis) Coulomb sensitivity of sensor, with
And the main shaft and the second horizontal axis (Z, Y-axis) of sensor carry out cross sensitivity calibration；Pass through Hopkinson bar
The excitation of high-g level acceleration is generated, test data is measured, analyze and is handled using calibration test system,
Respectively obtain the X axis acceleration magnitude of corrected sensor, the Y in direction and corrected sensor, Z axis plus
Velocity magnitude, orientation measurement are as a result, and preserved；
Step 9, it repeats step 6 five times, increases Hopkinson bar activation pressure on the basis of previous every time,
So that the impact peak value acceleration that is subject to of acceleration transducer 4 increase about by Hopkinson bar encourage it is reachable most
The 20% of high acceleration, peak accelerator are loaded into substantially 20,000 g, 40,000 g, 60,000 g, 8 successively
Ten thousand g, 100,000 g；
Step 10, step 2-7 three-wheels are repeated, often wheel does 15 experiments, totally 45 times, is testing every time
Before be required for checking whether sensor 4 normal, and whether route protection is carried out, and whether calibration test system is waiting for
Whether acquisition state, dynamic strain indicator state are normal；
Step 11, by multigroup each axial acceleration size and Orientation of the corrected sensor preserved in above-mentioned steps
Test data exports, and carries out data analysis and process.Detailed process is as follows：
Step 11.1, the accelerating curve for drawing out X, Y, Z axis calculates X, Y, Z axis and makees respectively
For the impact acceleration peak value of a sensitive axes and two lateral shafts, then obtains impact acceleration peak value and pass
The slope K of sensor output voltage fitting a straight lineXX、KXZ、KXY、KYZ、KYX、KYY、KZZ、KZY、KZX。
Wherein KXXWhen indicating to carry out HI high impact experiment as main shaft using X-axis, by the measurement of X axis acceleration test chip
The straight slope for the X axis sensor chip measured value that value fits, KXZIt indicates to carry out using X-axis as main shaft high
When impact test, surveyed from Z axis to the Z axis that the measured value of acceleration test chip fits to sensor chip
The straight slope of magnitude, KXYWhen indicating to carry out HI high impact experiment as main shaft using X-axis, surveyed by Y-axis acceleration
The straight slope for the Y-axis sensor chip measured value that the measured value of examination chip fits；KYYIt indicates with Y-axis
When carrying out HI high impact experiment for main shaft, the Y-axis that is fitted by the measured value of Y-axis acceleration test chip
The straight slope of sensor chip measured value, KYZWhen indicating to carry out HI high impact experiment as main shaft using Y-axis, by Z
Straight slope from the Z axis that the measured value of axial acceleration test chip fits to sensor chip measured value,
KYXWhen indicating to carry out HI high impact experiment as main shaft using Y-axis, intended by the measured value of X axis acceleration test chip
The straight slope of the X axis sensor chip measured value closed out；KZZIt indicates to carry out HI high impact by main shaft of Z axis
When experiment, from Z axis to the Z axis that the measured value of acceleration test chip fits to sensor chip measured value
Straight slope, KZXWhen indicating to carry out HI high impact experiment as main shaft using Z axis, by X axis acceleration test core
The straight slope for the X axis sensor chip measured value that the measured value of piece fits, KZYIt indicates based on Z axis
When axis carries out HI high impact experiment, sensed by the Y-axis that the measured value of Y-axis acceleration test chip fits
The straight slope of device chip measured value.
According to impact acceleration peak value and sensor output voltage fitting a straight line, calculated using terminal-based method
When to using X-axis as main shaft, the linearity A of X axis sensor chip measured valueXX, when using Y-axis as main shaft,
The linearity A of Y-axis sensor chip measured valueYY, and when using Z axis as main shaft, Z axis is to sensor core
The linearity A of piece measured valueZZ。
Step 11.2, six cross sensitivity ratios are taken：
Respectively as evaluation X, Y, Z axis cross sensitivity index.By KXX、KYY、KZZAs X, Y, Z axis
For sensitive axial Coulomb sensitivity index.Meanwhile the peak acceleration peak value obtained in experimentation being made
For the range of corrected sensor.Typical calibration is as shown in table 1.
Using nine sensitivity indexs, transducer range and the step 9.1 three obtained linearity as judgement
The foundation of sensor performance.
Typical data is tested in 1 Hopkinson bar HI high impact of table
Above-described specific descriptions have carried out further the purpose, technical solution and advantageous effect of invention
It is described in detail, it should be understood that above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, is done
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the three axis HI high impact pick up calibration switching devices based on Hopkinson bar, it is characterised in that：Including
The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools, XY are to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school；
The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools include clamping axis, carrying axle, constrained port, Z-direction mounting plane,
Mounting hole；Its shape is the structure of the different cylinder Coaxial Superimposed of two diameters；
The side cylinder nearest apart from Hopkinson bar impact end is clamping on the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools
Axis, diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, and cylindrical surface and vacuum fixture closely paste
It closes, is pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function；
The cylinder being superimposed upon on clamping axis is carrying axle, is the reality for carrying acceleration transducer and transmitting excitation
Body portion；Carrying axle outer diameter is more than sensor housing pedestal maximum circumscribed circle diameter；
Constrained port is located on clamping axis, for a cylinder through-hole, in the cylinder of center axis and clamping axis
Mandrel line orthogonal vertical；
Carrying axle upper surface is Z-direction mounting plane, radially makes two symmetrical screw threads in the opposite center of circle thereon
Mounting hole；Tapped bore is more smaller than the installation aperture of housing base, threaded hole away from the installation on housing base
Pitch-row is identical；
The XY includes that clamping axis, carrying found block, constrained port, XY to installation to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
Plane, mounting hole；
XY to anvil body be clamped axle position in XY on the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school apart from Hopkinson bar impact end most
Close side is a cylinder, and diameter is identical with the vacuum fixture of Hopkinson bar end, cylinder
Face and vacuum fixture fit closely, and are pull-in in the impact end of Hopkinson bar by suction function；
XY carries vertical block to anvil body and is vertically positioned at clamping axis top, cylinder axis to side, is bow for a section
The semicylinder of shape, carrying acceleration transducer and transmission encourage；Its section arch chord length is more than sensor
The length of housing base, semicylinder bottom surface outer rim are located at except clamping axis outer circle；Semicylinder height is big
In sensor housing base length；
The semicylinder vertical plane that block is found in carrying is XY to mounting plane, provides support for sensor and determines
The stress wave that Hopkinson bar excitation generates is transmitted on acceleration transducer by position；
XY makes two pairs of threaded mounting holes that block is found through carrying, respectively X-axis mounting hole on mounting plane
With Y-axis mounting hole, for fixing corrected sensor；Tapped bore is more smaller than the installation aperture of housing base, Y
Straight line where shaft mounting hole is perpendicular to the axis of clamping axis, and straight line parallel where X-axis mounting hole is in clamping axis
Axis；The spacing of Y-axis mounting hole, the spacing of X-axis mounting hole are identical with the mounting hole spacing on housing base；Two
After the position of device to hole ensures sensor installation, lower surface is close to that axis upper surface is clamped.
2. the three axis HI high impact pick up calibrations switching dress according to claim 1 based on Hopkinson bar
It sets, it is characterised in that：The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools and XY are completed pair jointly to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school
By three axial impact sensitivity of school HI high impact three-dimensional MEMS acceleration transducer and three axis cross sensitivity schools
It is accurate.
3. the three axis HI high impact pick up calibrations switching dress according to claim 1 based on Hopkinson bar
It sets, it is characterised in that：The quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools is three axis high-impact acceleration sensor Z axis
The calibration switching device of Coulomb sensitivity and two axis X-axis, Y-axis cross sensitivity.
4. the three axis HI high impact pick up calibrations switching dress according to claim 1 based on Hopkinson bar
It sets, it is characterised in that：The XY to the quasi- switching device of anvil sports school be suitable for Y-axis Coulomb sensitivity and X-axis,
The calibration of Z axis cross sensitivity or the calibration of X-axis Coulomb sensitivity and Y-axis, Z axis cross sensitivity.
5. the three axis HI high impact pick up calibrations switching dress according to claim 1 based on Hopkinson bar
It sets, it is characterised in that：It is process using conventional mechanical manufacturing process using high intensity, low density material.
6. the three axis HI high impact pick up calibrations switching dress according to claim 1 based on Hopkinson bar
It sets, it is characterised in that：It is installed with steel wire in constrained port, realize to the quasi- switching device of ZXiang Zhen sports schools and is passed by school
The buffering of sensor and constraint.
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| CN107167623A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-15 | 杭州集普科技有限公司 | Three axis angular rate sensors of vehicle impact testing |
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| CN108548942A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-18 | 西北工业大学 | Hopkinson pressure bar systems and method with true triaxial dynamic load and test function |
| CN108548942B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2021-01-05 | 西北工业大学 | Hopkinson pressure bar system with true triaxial dynamic loading and testing functions and method |
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