CN108398743A - The uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in filter and input channel cascade - Google Patents
The uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in filter and input channel cascade Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
- G02B6/29317—Light guides of the optical fibre type
- G02B6/29319—With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations
- G02B6/2932—With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations comprising a directional router, e.g. directional coupler, circulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0009—Construction using wavelength filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of filters and input channel cascade to realize the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum.Free Spectral Range is more than 2 × N times of channel wavelength interval of array waveguide grating, and there is array waveguide grating 1 I/O channel of 2N, array waveguide grating central input port to be connected with filtering input waveguide through AWG input waveguides；N-th of input port and the N+n input port are formed into one group of input port in other input ports, and are connected to the output end of same filter through respective AWG input waveguides respectively, 1 filter input end of N is connected with 1 filtering input waveguide of remaining N respectively.The present invention realizes that output spectrum insertion loss damages uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers and can effectively reduce the insertion loss difference of all output channels, it is serious output wavelength frequency departure caused by both integers can not be realized simultaneously to effectively reduce Free Spectral Range requirement and diffraction time, has many advantages, such as to make simple, at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of array waveguide grating (AWG) light wavelength routers, and in particular to a kind of filter and input
The uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in channel cascade.
Background technology
Persistently reducing according to Moore's Law with the minimum feature size of semiconductor technology, chip integration is higher and higher,
Data exchange speed between each transistor will be unable to keep up with the data processing speed of itself, the electrical interconnection based on metal conduction
Technology is faced with impassable " electronic bottleneck ".Compared with electrical interconnection, light network (Optical Interconnect) is with light
Son is information carrier, has the advantages such as ultra high bandwidth, ultrafast transmission rate, electromagnetism interference and low energy consumption, will cause a new round
Information industry revolution.
Silicon-based optical interconnection technology have many advantages, such as it is low in energy consumption, compatible with semiconductor CMOS process, can integrate, is at low cost, be
Realize the ideal platform with on-chip optical interconnection between piece.The intelligence point of optical node uplink/downlink wavelength may be implemented in light wavelength router
Match, the routing of the clog-free area of light of high speed exchanges, and ensures transparent transmission, is one of core devices of light interconnection network system.
Light wavelength router can use toroidal resonator (Ring resonator), the modes such as etched diffraction grating (EDG)
It realizes.But when considering that more wavelength channel and making require, array waveguide grating (AWG) is the optimal selection of light wavelength router
One of.AWG have it is compact-sized, be easily integrated, many merits such as function admirable and reliability height.By N × N-type Waveguide array light
The light wavelength router that grid (AWG) are constituted just becomes research hotspot.
For common array waveguide grating light wavelength router, centre wavelength is by grating equation ncΔ L=m λc(formula 1)
It determines, wherein ncIt is the effective refractive index of Waveguide array, Δ L is length difference of the adjacent array waveguide in Waveguide array area, and m is
Diffraction time, λcIt is centre wavelength.Its Free Spectral Range is expressed asWherein, NcIt is
The group index of Waveguide array.In the optical wavelength routing application of N × N, it is desirable that the FSR of AWG is exactly N times of channel spacing,
And diffraction time m must be integer.General two equatioies can not meet simultaneously.Waveguide array can only be acquired by formula (2)
The diffraction time m roundings nearby that length difference is obtained in substitution formula (1).So according to integer m, the anti-FSR pushed back is just and practical again
It is required that there are deviations, cause more serious frequency departure phenomenon.Simultaneously in this case, other than central passage,
The output spectrum of remaining input channel needs to use the frequency spectrum that diffraction time is m-1 or m+1, since energy is mainly distributed on m
The Energy distribution of diffraction time, different diffraction times has bigger difference, and then light wavelength router faces a freedom
The non-uniform realization of channel insertion loss is difficult in spectral region.It is embodied in, it is all defeated for an input channel
The insertion loss difference for going out channel frequency spectrum has at least 3dB, and for the corresponding output spectrum of all input channels, loss difference
It is different to be at least 6dB.
The method for the defeated differential loss of reduction array waveguide grating light wavelength router reported both at home and abroad at present mainly has
Waveguide array with output waveguide zone junction use pattern converter wavefront modes matching process and Waveguide array it
Between add assistant waveguide method.Sakamaki Y,Kamei S,Hashimoto T,et al.Loss Uniformity
Improvement of Arrayed-Waveguide Grating With Mode-Field Converters Designed
by Wavefront Matching Method[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2009,27(24):
The wavefront mould in Waveguide array and output waveguide zone junction use pattern converter is mentioned in this article of 5710-5715
Formula matching process.Basic mode in Waveguide array is converted to the boundary between output tablet area and output waveguide by the mode converter
Far field field distribution with flat-top effect on face.This method makes the loss for the corresponding output spectrum of an input channel
For, differential loss falls below 0.7dB by 2.4dB.Sheng Z,Dai D,He S.Improve Channel Uniformity
of an Si-Nanowire AWG Demultiplexer by Using Dual-Tapered Auxiliary
Waveguides[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2007,25(10):In this article of 3001-3007
It mentions in Waveguide array and output planar waveguide junction, assistant waveguide is added between Waveguide array to realize Waveguide array light
Grid wavelength demultiplexer frequency spectrum homogenizes.The design makes the frequency spectrum differential loss of 12 output channels be less than 0.5dB.
Both methods all successfully reduces array waveguide grating light wavelength router output spectrum differential loss.But all
For the corresponding output spectrum of an input channel, and for all input channels, due to utilize other
Diffraction time still suffers from the differential loss of 3dB.
Invention content
For the deficiency of background technology, it is an object of the invention to propose that a kind of filter and input channel cascade realize frequency
Uniform AWG routers are composed, is connected on the basis of array waveguide grating (AWG) and adds filter and input channel, to solve to pass
The larger problem of system array waveguide grating light wavelength router spectrum insertion differential loss realizes that frequency spectrum loss is uniform.
Light wavelength router is one of the core devices in the systems such as light network, optic communication, it is desirable that has all outputs logical
The wavelength Routing loops function in road.Existing normal N × N array waveguide optical grating of the utilization with N number of input channel and N number of output channel
May be implemented optical wavelength routing, the Free Spectral Range of this design requirement array waveguide grating be equal to output channel number with it is defeated
Go out the product of channel spacing, optical grating diffraction level is m.But in this case, in addition to central passage, other input channels
Corresponding output spectrum is required for using the diffraction time of m-1 or m+1.Such that the array waveguide grating road of N × N
The insertion loss difference of all output channels corresponding to central passage by device is at least 3dB, for all input channels,
The frequency spectrum difference of all output channels is at least 6dB.
In order to reduce this differential loss, realizes that the loss in all channels is uniform, be different from traditional array waveguide grating
The design of light wavelength router, the present invention design the array waveguide grating that a kind of free spectral range is more than N number of channel width, root
According to input with output correspondence, using before specific two input waveguides plus cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometers (MZI) or
Input light is divided into two bundles and is separately input in corresponding input channel, only utilizes m diffraction times by the method for other filters of person,
It realizes in addition to the input channel of center, the output spectrum corresponding to other input channels can also realize that uniform mesh is lost in frequency spectrum
's.The invention is suitable for various waveguide materials and waveguide junction based on silica, silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, indium phosphide etc.
Structure.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
The present invention includes N items filtering input waveguide, N-1 filter, 2N-1 AWG input waveguides, array waveguide grating
With N output waveguide；Free Spectral Range is more than 2 × N times of channel wavelength interval in array waveguide grating, array waveguide grating
With 2N-1 I/O channel, the central input port (i.e. n-th input port) of array waveguide grating is inputted through an AWG
Waveguide is connected with the 1st filtering input waveguide；For other inputs in array waveguide grating other than central input port
N-th of input port and the N+n input port are formed one group of input port by port, and respectively through respective AWG incoming waves
Lead the output end for being connected to same filter, total N-1 group input ports are connected to N-1 filter, N-1 filter it is defeated
Enter end to connect with remaining N-1 filtering input waveguide respectively.
The filter is 1 × 2 filter, and input light is carried out light-splitting processing.
N number of light positioned at intermediate wavelength is input to N items filtering input waveguide and then enters battle array in diffraction time wave-length coverage
In train wave guide grating, the light inputted from remaining the N-1 filtering input waveguide in addition to the 1st filters input waveguide is through respective
Filter is split as the different two-beam of wavelength, then respectively enters two input channels of array waveguide grating, then
It is exported from output waveguide after array waveguide grating Wavelength routing, that is, passes sequentially through the input planar waveguide of array waveguide grating
Area, Waveguide array area and output waveguide zone propagate to N output waveguide.
Thus N number of wavelength for being located at centre in diffraction time wave-length coverage is only input to array waveguide grating by the present invention
In so that the output spectrum corresponding to all input channels of array waveguide grating realizes that uniform purpose is lost in frequency spectrum, i.e., in fact
The output frequency corresponding to other input channels in addition to the center input channel of all input channels of array waveguide grating is showed
Spectrum can also realize that uniform purpose is lost in frequency spectrum.
The array waveguide grating (AWG) mainly by from be input to output be sequentially arranged input waveguide zone, battle array
Arrange waveguide section and output waveguide zone constitute, Waveguide array area be located at input waveguide zone and output waveguide zone it
Between.
In the present invention, the array waveguide grating of corresponding N number of I/O channel, N number of channel wavelength interval is less than the battle array
The entire Free Spectral Range of train wave guide grating optical wavelength, i.e. FSR>N Δ λ, wherein FSR are array waveguide grating optical wavelength routing
The Free Spectral Range of device, Δ λ are the channel separation of array waveguide grating light wavelength router.
The present invention uses 1 × 2 filter and two AWG by the way that the non-central input port in array waveguide grating is special
Input waveguide 3 is cascaded as basic unit so that the array waveguide grating that Free Spectral Range is more than N times of channel wavelength interval is real
The Wavelength routing effect of existing N × N.
Other input ports other than array waveguide grating central input port use 1 × 2 filter and two AWG
Input waveguide cascade is inputted so that after being originally inputted light and being input to array waveguide grating corresponding channel, a certain subwave
When the corresponding output spectrum of long light is unsatisfactory for AWG Wavelength routing conditions, according to inside array waveguide grating wavelength and input
The light for being originally inputted the part wavelength in light is passed through array waveguide grating and corresponded to and led to by the Wavelength routing relationship between output channel
Another input channel other than road, and then realize to be originally inputted light and be input to all output spectrums of array waveguide grating and be satisfied by
Array waveguide grating Wavelength routing condition, to realize the effect of Wavelength routing.
The filter can also be can reach equally using cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometer structures using remaining
The filter of spectrophotometric result.
In the present invention, the array waveguide grating using Free Spectral Range more than 2N channel width, diffraction time m,
The array waveguide grating has a 2N-1 input channel, channel centered on n-th input channel, N number of output channel, in input waveguide
Preceding plus N-1 cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometer or other 1 × 2 filters.
When what table 1 indicated is that the filtered device of light beam is divided into two, two input waveguides being connected and corresponding wavelength
Range of distribution.First is classified as the input channel of the branch connection of filter, another branch that third is classified as filter connects
The input channel connect, secondary series and the 4th row are respectively the distribution wavelength corresponding to the Liang Ge branches of filter.Such as N+1
Input light is divided into λ by the filter of input waveguide connection2~λNWith 1 liang of beam of λ, λ2~λNLight enter the N+1 articles input waveguide, λ1
Light enter the 1st article of input waveguide.Because the Free Spectral Range of array waveguide grating is more than 2N channel spacing, by this
Processing, the output spectrums of all input channels is all in m diffraction times, the problem of being not in the centre wavelength deviation of frequency spectrum, and
And under the same diffraction time, the differential loss of each output channel is also smaller, therefore it is uniform that frequency spectrum loss may be implemented
Effect.
The connection relation and Wavelength Assignment relationship of 1. filter of table and input channel
The invention has the advantages that：
1. one kind disclosed in this invention is in addition to the input channel of center, using 1 × 2 filter and specific two incoming waves
Cascade structure is led to realize that it is all defeated that the uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of output spectrum insertion loss damage can effectively reduce
Go out the insertion loss difference in channel.
2. one kind disclosed in this invention is in addition to the input channel of center, using filter and specific two input waveguide grades
It is coupled structure to realize that output spectrum insertion loss damages uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers, free spectrum model can be effectively reduced
It is serious output wavelength frequency departure caused by both integers can not be realized simultaneously to enclose requirement and diffraction time.
3. one kind disclosed in this invention is in addition to the input channel of center, using filter and specific two input waveguide grades
It is coupled structure to realize that output spectrum insertion loss damages uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers, can be applied to different materials, no
With the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of waveguiding structure, have many advantages, such as to make simple, at low cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Wavelength routing schematic diagram of array waveguide grating light wavelength router.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router.
Fig. 3 is the Wavelength routing schematic diagram of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometer filters.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the filtered spectrogram of cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometer filters.
Fig. 7 is the output spectrum figure of 4 × 4 traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router.
Fig. 8 is the input channel 3 and input channel 7 of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of 4*4 using the present invention
Output spectrum figure.
Fig. 9 is the output spectrum of the input channel 4 of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of 4*4 using the present invention
Figure.
Figure 10 is the input channel 5 and input channel 2 of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of 4*4 using the present invention
Output spectrum figure.
Figure 11 is the input channel 6 and input channel 1 of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of 4*4 using the present invention
Output spectrum figure.
In figure：Filter input waveguide 01, filter 02, AWG input waveguides 03, array waveguide grating 04, N output waveguide
05。
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The Wavelength routing schematic diagram of as shown in Fig. 14 × 4 array waveguide grating light wavelength router.Center inputs
Channel is input channel 2.
The wavelength of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router is：Work as wavelength X1,λ2,λ3,λ4Light from input
When channel 1 inputs, the wavelength of output channel 1 to the output light of output channel 4 is followed successively by λ '4,λ1,λ2,λ3；Work as wavelength X1,λ2,
λ3,λ4Light when being inputted from input channel 2, the wavelength of output channel 1 to the output light of output channel 4 is followed successively by λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4；
Work as wavelength X1,λ2,λ3,λ4Light when being inputted from input channel 3, the wavelength of the output light of output channel 1 to output channel 4 is successively
For λ2,λ3,λ4,λ”1；Work as wavelength X1,λ2,λ3,λ4Light when being inputted from input channel 4, output channel 1 arrives the output of output channel 4
The wavelength of light is followed successively by λ3,λ4,λ”1,λ”2.λ ' indicates that output wavelength when diffraction time is m-1, λ " indicate that diffraction time is m+
Output wavelength when 1.
When array waveguide grating is used for optical wavelength routing function, since adjacent three Free Spectral Ranges are not quite similar,
The output wavelength of edge gateway larger frequency can occur due to the output wavelength in other channels not under the same diffraction time
Rate deviation.Such as λ "2≠λ2, particularly with the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of silicon nanowires, due to the big material color of silicon
It dissipates, this problem is especially serious.Moreover, because capacity volume variance caused by diffraction time difference so that the damage of each output channel
Consumption differs greatly.
To realize wavelength, the Free Spectral Range of array waveguide grating light wavelength router is input/output
The product of port number and channel wavelength spacing, is expressed as：
FSR=N × Δ λ
Wherein, N is the input/output port number of array waveguide grating light wavelength router, and Δ λ is array waveguide grating light
The channel wavelength spacing of lambda router.
As shown in Fig. 2, traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router include N input waveguide, input waveguide zone,
Waveguide array area, output waveguide zone and N output waveguide；
The centre wavelength of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router meets following diffraction equation：
ncΔ L=m λc
Wherein, λcCentered on wavelength, m is diffraction time.
The Free Spectral Range of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router can be indicated by following equation：
Wherein, NcIt is the group index of Waveguide array.
In the optical wavelength routing application of N × N, it is desirable that the Free Spectral Range of array waveguide grating is exactly channel separation
N times, i.e., need to meet formula (1):FSR=N × Δ λ.Determine that the input/output of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router is logical
After road number N and channel separation Δ λ, the Free Spectral Range FSR of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router is also determined that.
Due to the central wavelength lambda of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength routercIt has determined, so passing through formula
It (3) can be in the hope of the length difference Δ L of adjacent two waveguide in traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router Waveguide array area.Then again
Δ L is substituted into formula (2), the diffraction time m of traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router can be obtained, because m is necessary for whole
Number, so Free Spectral Range cannot generally meet formula (1), in this way other than central passage, remaining input channel it is defeated
Go out frequency spectrum to need to use the frequency spectrum that diffraction time is m-1 or m+1, more serious frequency departure phenomenon will be caused.
As shown in figure 3, AWG router topologies of the present invention include N items filtering input waveguide 01, N-1 filter 02,2N-1
AWG input waveguides 03, array waveguide grating 04 and N output waveguide 05；Free Spectral Range is more than array waveguide grating 04
In 2N times of channel wavelength interval, array waveguide grating 04 has 2N-1 I/O channel, in array waveguide grating 04
Heart input port (i.e. n-th input port) is connected through an AWG input waveguides 03 and the 1st filtering input waveguide 01；For battle array
Other input ports in train wave guide grating other than central input port, by n-th of input port and the N+n input terminal
Mouth one group of input port of composition, and the output end of same filter 02 is connected to through respective AWG input waveguides 03 respectively, amount to
N-1 group input ports are connected to N-1 filter 02, and the input terminal of N-1 filter 02 is inputted with remaining N-1 filtering respectively
Waveguide 01 connects.
N number of light positioned at intermediate wavelength is input to N items filtering input waveguide 01 and then enters in diffraction time wave-length coverage
In array waveguide grating 02, from the light of remaining the N-1 filtering input of input waveguide 01 in addition to the 1st filters input waveguide 01
It is split as the different two-beam of wavelength through respective filter, then respectively enter array waveguide grating 04 two input
Then channel exports after 04 Wavelength routing of array waveguide grating from output waveguide 05.
Array waveguide grating AWG is mainly by from being input to output the input waveguide zone, the Waveguide array area that are sequentially arranged
It is constituted with output waveguide zone, Waveguide array area is located between input waveguide zone and output waveguide zone.
Other input ports other than 02 central input port of array waveguide grating use 1 × 2 filter and two
The cascade of AWG input waveguides 03 is inputted so that a certain after being originally inputted light and being input to 02 corresponding channel of array waveguide grating
When the corresponding output spectrum of light of part wavelength is unsatisfactory for AWG Wavelength routing conditions, according to the wave inside array waveguide grating 02
Wavelength routing relationship between long and I/O channel, Waveguide array light is passed through by the light for being originally inputted the part wavelength in light
Another input channel other than 02 corresponding channel of grid, and then realize that being originally inputted light is input to all defeated of array waveguide grating 02
Go out frequency spectrum and be satisfied by 02 Wavelength routing condition of array waveguide grating, to realize the effect of Wavelength routing.
Filter 02 is 1 × 2 filter, and input light is carried out light-splitting processing.In specific implementation, filter is using grade
Join Mach-Zehnder interferometers structure, remaining can also be used to can reach the filter of same spectrophotometric result.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows：
Fig. 3 is the Wavelength routing schematic diagram of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of the present invention.Channel spacing is Δ λ,
The FSR of array waveguide grating light wavelength router in figure>8×Δλ.Input channel centered on input port 4.λ2Centered on wave
It is long.According to as shown in the figure, first it is numbered to input port and output port.3~input port of input port 6 and output port
3~output port 6 is correspondence.According to the principle of array waveguide grating, obtain for λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4This four wavelength come
It says, the correspondence of input port and output port.
The correspondence of table 2. input port and output port
As shown in table 2, for input port 4, then when there is λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4Light input when, the light of four wavelength point
It is not exported from output port 3,4,5,6.
And work as λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4Light when being inputted from input port 5, light can be defeated from 2~output port of output port 5 respectively
Go out, in order to achieve the purpose that 6 output light of output port is wavelength 1, it can be found that λ 1 can be inputted from input port 6 from table,
It is exported from output port 1, according to symmetry, λ 1 can be inputted from input port 1, be exported from output port 6.Then, pass through one
Input light is divided into two bundles by a filter, wave-length coverage λ2,λ3,λ4Light continue to input from input port 5, and λ1Light from
Input port 1 inputs, it will be exported from output port 6.
Similarly, when wavelength is λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4Light when being inputted from input port 6, can be defeated from output port 1,2,3,4
Go out, in order to ensure that the light that output port 5 and output port 6 export is λ 1, input light is divided into λ by λ 21,λ2And λ3,λ4Two beams, λ1,
λ2It is inputted from input port 2, according to data in table it is found that λ1,λ2It can be exported respectively from output port 5 and output port 6, and λ3,
λ4It inputs from input port 6, is exported from output port 3 and output port 4.
Similarly, input light is divided into λ1,λ2,λ3And λ4Two beams are inputted from input port 3 and input port 7, equally respectively
It can be exported from 1~output port of output port 4.
For the traditional array waveguide optical grating light wavelength router that Free Spectral Range is N number of channel spacing, this
The structure design of invention reduces the differential loss of output spectrum at two aspects：First, because Free Spectral Range is more than channel
The product of number and channel spacing, therefore avoid for all output spectrums corresponding to the same input channel, loss difference
Different the problem of being at least 3dB；Second is that since the output spectrum of all input channels is all in m diffraction times, center is avoided
The problem of input channel is at least 3dB with edge input channel differential loss.
The Free Spectral Range of the array waveguide grating of router topology design of the present invention is bigger, so for center 4
For a wavelength, loss uniformity is relatively good, differential loss very little, and can be reached by the cascade of input channel and filter
The purpose recycled to output spectrum.
About the design of filter, as shown in figure 4, the knot of cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometers may be used in specific implementation
Structure, cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometers can be used as 1 × 2 or 2 × 2 trellis filters.
By designing the arm length difference of the coefficient of coup and Mach-Zehnder interferometers at different levels of directional coupler, can reach
Two output channel difference output spectrums are the light of approximate rectangular different wavelength range.With the increase of cascade level, output
Spectral shape can become closer to rectangle, thus can be in the case where not increasing crosstalk and loss, by input light according to wavelength
The difference of range is divided into two parts.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the array waveguide grating light wavelength router of the present invention.From structure chart it can be found that
When filter is connect with array waveguide grating input waveguide, waveguide has intersection, about the design of crossing waveguide structure, has had
Many correlative studys solve the problems, such as this.About the design of array waveguide grating, as shown in Fig. 2, using traditional shape of a saddle
Structure is designed.
The embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
One embodiment of the present of invention is given below, and the invention will be further described.Assuming that known to following parameter：It selects
SOI, wherein Si core layer thickness is 220nm, buries under-clad layer SiO2Thickness be 1 μm, top covering SiO2Thickness be 2 μm.Core
The width of layer silicon waveguide is 500nm, and there are one relatively good making tolerances for width tool.
Embodiment：Design 4 × 4 AWGR that channel separation is 20nm, central wavelength lambdacFor 1550nm, the free light of design
Spectral limit is 80nm.Fig. 2 is structural schematic diagram, and table 3 is relevant design parameter.
The design parameter of the AWGR of table 3.4 × 4
Under this traditional design, the corresponding output spectrum figure of four input channels shown in fig. 6 can be obtained, (a),
(c), (b), the output spectrum figure of input channel 1-4 (d) is indicated respectively.Input channel centered on input port 2.And to spectrogram
It carries out data analysis, table 4 and table 5 can be obtained, i.e., each input channel output spectrum centre wavelength corresponding with output channel
With insertion loss size.Because of m approximation roundings, the Free Spectral Range that m diffraction times can be obtained by formula (3) is 85.5nm, and
It is not 4*20=80nm, it can therefore be seen that when using other diffraction times, it may appear that bigger frequency difference, it is logical to input
For road 4, output 3 and 4 output spectrums of output are m+1 diffraction times, the inclined 1510-1506.02=of centre wavelength difference
3.98nm and 1530-1528.07=1.93nm, and the frequency spectrum differential loss in all channels is 8.03-3.70=4.33dB.
The centre wavelength of the output spectrum of the AWGR of table 4.4 × 4
The insertion loss of the output spectrum of the AWGR of table 5.4 × 4
Next, it is proposed, according to the invention, the different cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometers of designed central wavelength, Fig. 4 show for structure
It is intended to, using the cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometers of 4 ranks, the coefficient of coup of directional coupler is respectively 0.5,0.13,
0.12,0.5,0.25, arm length differences at different levels are respectively L1=L0, L2=2*L0, L3=2*L0+0.5* λ0/ n, L4=2*L0, L0 by
Formula (6) can obtain, and according to the difference of filter range, using different centre wavelength, so L0 is different, Fig. 7 is difference
Wave-length coverage is divided into two sections of 1510nm and 1530-1570nm by the frequency spectrum of two output channels of filter, (a) under centre wavelength,
Corresponding input channel 1 and input channel 5, (b) are divided to wave-length coverage to two sections of 1510nm-1530nm and 1550-1570nm, right respectively
Input channel 2 and input channel 6 are answered, (c) is divided to wave-length coverage to two sections of 1510nm-1550nm and 1570nm, respectively corresponding input
Channel 3 and input channel 7.
Next, the AWG for the 7*4 that design channel separation is 20nm, and cascading filter in front, Fig. 5 are specific knot
Structure schematic diagram, central wavelength lambdacFor 1550nm, diffraction time m=3, Free Spectral Range 313nm.Table 6 is parameter designing.
The design parameter of the AWG of 6. present invention of table
| Centre wavelength (nm) | 1550 |
| Input channel number | 7 |
| Output channel number | 4 |
| Waveguide array number | 35 |
| Diffraction time | 3 |
| Tablet section length (um) | 25 |
| Input waveguide/output waveguide spacing (um) | 1.8 |
| Waveguide array spacing (um) | 1.8 |
| Waveguide array length difference (um) | 6.96 |
It can obtain Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, the corresponding output spectrum figure of four input channels shown in Figure 11, Fig. 8 (a) (b)
The respectively output spectrum of input channel 3 and 7, λ1, λ2, λ3It inputs from input channel 3, and is exported from output channel 4,5,6,
λ4It inputs, is exported from output channel 3, therefore output spectrum can be obtained from output channel 3-6, similarly Figure 10 from input channel 7
(a) (b) is respectively the output spectrum of input channel 5 and 2, and Figure 11 (a) (b) is respectively the output spectrum of input channel 6 and 1.Fig. 9
For the output spectrum of input channel 4, input channel 4 does not need cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometers because centered on, directly can be
Output channel 3-6 exports λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4Frequency spectrum.
Input channel centered on input channel 4.And data analysis is carried out to spectrogram, table 6 and table 7 can be obtained, i.e., respectively
A input channel output spectrum centre wavelength corresponding with output channel and insertion loss size.Because Free Spectral Range compared with
Greatly, only use diffraction time be m output spectrum, frequency difference is smaller, maximum frequency difference be 0.58nm and channel spacing 20nm for,
It can ignore.And the frequency spectrum differential loss in all channels is
4.54-3.83=0.71dB is the approximation 1/6th of the frequency spectrum difference 4.33dB of above-mentioned traditional design.
The output spectrum centre wavelength of the AWG routers of 6. present invention of table
The output spectrum insertion loss of the AWG routers of 7. present invention of table
From the embodiments above as can be seen that by using method of the invention, the output spectrum of AWG routers can be made poor
It is different to be reduced to 1dB hereinafter, and the effect for reducing frequency difference played.
Example the above is only the implementation of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in a kind of filter and input channel cascade, it is characterised in that：It is filtered including N items
Input waveguide (01), N-1 filter (02), 2N-1 AWG input waveguide (03), array waveguide grating (04) and the output of N items
Waveguide (05)；Free Spectral Range is more than 2 × N times of channel wavelength interval in array waveguide grating (04), array waveguide grating
(04) there is 2N-1 I/O channel, the central input port of array waveguide grating (04) is through an AWG input waveguides (03)
It is connected with the 1st filtering input waveguide (01)；For other inputs in array waveguide grating other than central input port
N-th of input port and the N+n input port are formed one group of input port by port, and respectively through respective AWG incoming waves
The output end that (03) is connected to same filter (02) is led, total N-1 group input ports are connected to N-1 filter (02), N-1
The input terminal of a filter (02) is connected with remaining N-1 filtering input waveguide (01) respectively.
2. the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in a kind of filter according to claim 1 and input channel cascade, special
Sign is：The filter (02) is 1 × 2 filter, and input light is carried out light-splitting processing.
3. the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in a kind of filter according to claim 1 and input channel cascade, special
Sign is：N number of light positioned at intermediate wavelength is input to N items filtering input waveguide (01) and then enters in diffraction time wave-length coverage
It is defeated from remaining the N-1 filtering input waveguide (01) in addition to the 1st filters input waveguide (01) in array waveguide grating (02)
The light entered is split through respective filter as the different two-beam of wavelength, then respectively enters array waveguide grating (04)
Then two input channels export after array waveguide grating (04) Wavelength routing from output waveguide (05).
4. the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in a kind of filter according to claim 1 and input channel cascade, special
Sign is：The array waveguide grating (AWG) mainly by from be input to output be sequentially arranged input waveguide zone, array
Waveguide section and output waveguide zone are constituted, and Waveguide array area is located between input waveguide zone and output waveguide zone.
5. the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in a kind of filter according to claim 1 and input channel cascade, special
Sign is：Other input ports other than array waveguide grating (02) central input port use 1 × 2 filter and two
AWG input waveguides (03) cascade is inputted so that after being originally inputted light and being input to array waveguide grating (02) corresponding channel,
When the corresponding output spectrum of light of a certain part wavelength is unsatisfactory for AWG Wavelength routing conditions, according in array waveguide grating (02)
The light for being originally inputted the part wavelength in light is passed through other than array waveguide grating (02) corresponding channel by the Wavelength routing relationship in portion
Another input channel, and then realize to be originally inputted light and be input to all output spectrums of array waveguide grating (02) and be satisfied by battle array
Train wave guide grating (02) Wavelength routing condition, to realize the effect of Wavelength routing.
6. the uniform AWG routers of frequency spectrum are realized in a kind of filter according to claim 1 and input channel cascade, special
Sign is：The filter is using cascading Mach Zeng Deer interferometer structures.
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| JP2005003832A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical wavelength-multiplex-demultiplex device |
| CN105137544A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Non-blocking wavelength selective optical waveguide switch |
| CN106612154A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-05-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical transmission method and optical transmission device |
| CN208351042U (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江大学 | The uniform AWG router of frequency spectrum is realized in a kind of filter and input channel cascade |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005003832A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical wavelength-multiplex-demultiplex device |
| CN105137544A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Non-blocking wavelength selective optical waveguide switch |
| CN106612154A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-05-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical transmission method and optical transmission device |
| CN208351042U (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江大学 | The uniform AWG router of frequency spectrum is realized in a kind of filter and input channel cascade |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114200578A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 浙江大学 | Array waveguide grating router with low loss and uniform spectrum loss |
| CN114200578B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-09-02 | 浙江大学 | Array waveguide grating router with low loss and uniform spectrum loss |
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