CN1083963C - Air cushion type radial spring seal floating roof - Google Patents
Air cushion type radial spring seal floating roof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1083963C CN1083963C CN97119189A CN97119189A CN1083963C CN 1083963 C CN1083963 C CN 1083963C CN 97119189 A CN97119189 A CN 97119189A CN 97119189 A CN97119189 A CN 97119189A CN 1083963 C CN1083963 C CN 1083963C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mentioned
- seal ring
- gas
- fire
- limited diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a comprehensive protective device, which is suitable for a cylindrical upright type liquid storing tank. The present invention uses a pressure loading sealing ring as a radial sealing body, the pressure loading sealing ring is sheathed with an adjusting hoop of sealing force and has elastic sealing force after charged with right amount of gas. The present invention uses a fire protection gas cushion hood as a radial sealing body, and the fire protection gas cushion hood is covered with a fire retardant gas cushion layer and is made of soft spread fabric class materials. The present invention skillfully makes up for severe defects that technical equipment can not adapt to a storage tank with taper, gradient slope, noncylindricity, gradient, etc., meanwhile, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the suppression of the evaporation phenomenon of liquid in the tank is realized, and the present invention is a fire protection method which provides fire protection mediums with long-term protected liquid surface.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of fluid storage jar that is applicable to, particularly be applicable to integrated protection equipment and guard technology cylindrical, the vertical type liquid container; Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of liquid surface that floats on certainly in the holding vessel, be intended to suppress the technical equipment and the fire prevention thereof of protected liquid evaporation; More particularly; the present invention relates to a kind of be set with the sealing force adjusting hoop, charge into have elastic packing power behind the pressurized gas build inert medium carry pressure seal ring as the radial seal body; to be covered with air cushion paulin gaseous state inert medium bed course, that make by soft rubberized fabrics class material as the floating top of axial seal body with use this floating top the fire-fighting medium to be applied for a long time the fire-fighting method of full protected liquid surface.
As everyone knows, contain the liquid of a large amount of lightweight organic components, generally have easy gaseous stateization, the easy substance characteristics of the violent burning of aerobic or blast such as crude oil, diesel oil, jet fuel, gasoline, alcohol etc.This substance characteristics on the one hand makes this class material have higher use value and commercial value, it is become catch fire, explosion risk is huge especially, to the material of atmosphere, environmental hazard, destruction especially severe.
Obviously, cause this class material: 1. use value reduces: change as generating the bad quality that becomes such as colloid, the oxidized decomposition failure of additive, the reduction of lightweight fraction content after the oxidation; 2. commercial value loss: broad sense refers to that narrow sense refers to the minimizing as the weight or volume of commodity unit as the huge waste of this class material of social important energy source of the present; 3. breaking out of fire, explosive accident; And the key link that 4. endangers ecotope, destruction physical environment is: this class material exists to contact with air in production, storage, transportation process, thus the chance that evaporation, volatilization phenomenon are recurred.
At the control technique of this substance characteristics, be divided into the type of dredging, reclaiming type, inhibition type three classes.The type control technique of dredging is the steam that liquid produces to be carried out safety dredge, burn in order, is discharged into the technology of airspace after it decomposes.Its technical purpose only limits to prevent to catch fire, the generation of explosive accident and alleviate harm, destruction to environment; The reclaiming type control technique is the air Mixture that contains the steam of above-mentioned substance to be carried out refrigerated separation handle, and will be converted into the technology that liquid utility tissue reclaims again.Its technical purpose focuses on the reusing of energy source of commercial value.Inhibition type control technique is that liquid surface and air is isolated, thereby suppresses the technology that the liquid evaporation phenomenon takes place.
It serves to show: dredge type, the reclaiming type control technique is the technology of taking measures at the loss process of steam; Inhibition type control technique then is the technology of taking measures at the generating process of Evaporation Phenomenon.Obviously, inhibition type control technique has more the ease for operation on theoretic science and the principle according to dredging type, reclaiming type control technique.Therefore, it has sufficient technical development optimum condition.
Floating top technology be one with floating top equipment as the technology main body; Large-scale, cylindrical, the vertical type storage tank of, explosive liquid inflammable to contain is as the technology object; The liquid surface that is equipped in the storage tank with floating top embodies inhibition type control technique function, and technical purposes such as the protected liquid evaporation of realization inhibition are the applied technology of content.
Known floating top equipment is a kind of storage tank tank deck that floats on liquid surface in the storage tank.The outer rim of this tank deck and the inwall of storage tank tank body remain and a kind ofly can axially carry out the closed of relative movement along tank body and contact.This equipment is usually by floating top interarea (floating plate) be bound up on the seal ring at interarea edge or sealed tongue etc. is formed.Its basic functional principle is: the floating top interarea made from gas impermeable material is as disc type axial seal body, with by having made seal ring of certain flexible soft material or sealed tongue as tubular type radial seal body.Because floating top equipment swims in liquid surface, and with its lifting, so pot liquid is in a kind of state that does not have water surface of evaporation all the time.
There is floating top equipment to be divided into two kinds of outer floating top, inner floating roofs earlier.Outer floating top is the floating top of a kind of open-air formula, and it is only applicable to not have the fixedly tailored version storage tank of tank deck.Inner floating roof is the floating top of a kind of recessive type, and it is applicable to the fixedly vertical type storage tank of tank deck.
Technical background of the present invention, as technology main body reference system, but technology object category involved in the present invention is not limited to top storage tank and application cylindrical, the vertical type storage tank with the state of the art of inner floating roof.
As everyone knows, whether floating top technology has advance, and whether floating top equipment has practicability, must investigate it: the 1. high efficiency of seal action; 2. sealing function is long-lasting; 3. the objectivity of popularization and application.Weigh in view of the above, there is following deficiency in prior art:
(1), technical basis is insufficient in theory:
Prior art only some static key element parametrizations, and has been ignored the influence of a series of dynamic key elements in the analytic process aspect its object.Therefore, the technical basis of support body aspect advance, practicability is abundant inadequately in view of the above.
For example: prior art is thought: inwall cylindrical, the vertical type storage tank is one and does not have tapering, the cylindrical body of the absolutization of post degree, inclination not.Liquid surface shape along its inwall lifting is a constant flat circle all the time.Based on this understanding, prior art at first with reservoir walls cylinder radius as basic parameter, determine floating top interarea radius and seal clearance; Next prolongs and uses the basic model of manufacturing floating top interarea such as hard materials such as steel plate, aluminium sheet, alloy sheets, foam plastic plates; Once more, utilize the basic skills of self elastic fibrous tissue radial seal of semi-rigid or soft material.As: Chinese patent No. 96215954.9, No. 96213033.8, No. 96234314.5 and No. 91108843.1 all belongs to the floating top of hard disc type.Obviously, prior art ignored cylindrical, the vertical type storage tank is inevitable or the objective fact of ubiquitous, as to come from the mechanics requirement an amount of tapering (storage tank that is welded at opposite joint) or ladder (storage tank that is welded at whip stitch).Simultaneously, it has also ignored storage tank in cutting out plate, welding, using process, will inevitably be because of construction quality, variation of ambient temperature, tank body own wt, pot liquid pressure, and the influence of dynamic key element such as wind-force, earthquake, uneven settlement and the not reality of post degree, inclination occurs.
These are difficult to the influence of expecting, realizing and remedying, and are to cause having earlier floating top technology to be difficult to the objectivity the ultimate impediment that develops, upgrades.
(2), popularization and application is difficult in the practice promotes:
Stick to the prior art of object aspect sheet surface analysis, in the application practice process, must show many defectives in the main body aspect, these pace up and down for a long time in the technological deficiency of research, experimental stage prior art, are to hinder floating top to equip the subjective basic of popularization and application.
One, equipment designing requirement height, difficulty are big:
The floating top design of prior art at first will be considered to manufacture the basic condition of floating the top interarea with hard material; Secondly, consider the floating technology limitation that withstands on aspects such as manufacturing, installation, use, maintenance of hard; Once more, consider the floating top of using, must make respectively independently, special-purpose objective circumstances such as precise design at each storage tank.So the floating top design process of prior art is not easy to set up design standard, is unfavorable for popularization and application.
Two, manufacturing, assembling procedure are numerous and diverse:
Have axially thinly, radially big, and by the prior art equipment of characteristics such as hard material is made, in the manufacturing of welding, riveted joint, bonding forming, assembling process, must hold the sealing effect after coming into operation conscientiously.Therefore, increased considerably the difficulty of manufacturing, assembling.Particularly because seal ring or sealed tongue and floating top interarea must be made bonding forming afterwards respectively by different and one soft one hard material, very easily ftracture in its connecting part.So technique for sticking, quality requirement are all very high, difficulty is also bigger.Thereby make manufacturing, assembling process be unfavorable for large-scale production and universal equipment.
Three, very inconvenience is installed:
Floating top installing engineering in the prior art has two kinds of modes: a kind of is in building the storage tank process, and the storage tank tank deck is before the sealing, half-finished floating top is lifted to tank body install, and then carry out the storage tank welding engineering that binds.Like this, the assembling process that floats the top destroys the reservoir walls corrosion-inhibiting coating easily.The welding engineering of tank deck is also damaged mounted floating top easily.Simultaneously, it is also made troubles for the construction of reservoir walls top layer antiseptic project.Another kind of mounting type is after storage tank is built high worker, will float top board piece and parts and send into from bottom manhole or top peep hole and carry out assembly unit in the jar.Because storage tank manhole or the general diameter of peep hole are not more than 90cm, so, must will float the top interarea and cut into narrower plate.Obviously, the installing engineering amount of labour is big, long in time limit, and construction quality is difficult to ensure.
Four, in the using process, form the accumulation of error:
The radial seal mode of prior art lacks the manual debugging before radially seal clearance or pressure use and the functions such as automatic adjusting after using.Like this, will inevitably be equipped in the various errors that produce in design, manufacturing, the installation process and take in the using process floating the top, and in use, the floating top of hard with out of roundness with have tapering, the not relative movement between the reservoir walls of post degree, inclination, the error that often makes the Fu Ding aspect accumulates with the error formation of storage tank aspect.Thereby cause the radial seal effect to be difficult to satisfy technical requirements.
Five, adaptive capacity is poor, the rate of fault height:
(1) for the storage tank that has certain taper, when floating top line during to tank level section area larger part, it is less that floating roof seal curtain or tongue act on the sealing load of tank skin, occurs " leaking the top " phenomenon easily, water surface of evaporation promptly occurs.In input liquid operation process, " heavy top " accident takes place when the position liquid body impacts in " leaking the top " easily, and promptly floating top is flooded by liquid.When floating top line during to tank level section area smaller part, the radial seal pressure of seal ring or tongue is excessive, occurs " mill top " phenomenon easily, promptly aggravates the wearing and tearing of seal ring or tongue.When serious even generation " Ka Ding " accident, promptly floating top can't be moved with liquid level.
(2) for there being the not storage tank of post degree, inclination, when floating top line during to the bigger horizontal section of reservoir walls curvature difference, the seal ring at the less position of reservoir walls curvature or the sealing load of tongue are excessive, " mill top ", " Ka Ding " accident or fault appear easily, and curvature is too small than the sealing load of large part, occurs " leaking the top " accident easily.
(3) when causing excess input liquid because of misoperation or with the liquid situation of finding time, when making floating top be subjected to exceeding the liquid of ability to bear or atmospheric pressure, floating roof seal curtain or tongue are broken through easily or are out of shape, even floating top interarea is arched upward or cave in.
Six, maintenance and inspection difficulty is big:
The working environment of floating top equipment is in the surface of pot liquid, and the inspection of fault and accident, discovery difficulty are bigger.Must stop using storage tank when finding the back maintenance, and with pot liquid find time, the steam emptying, this process will be destroyed seal ring or tongue, change usually.The main panel of the floating top equipment in the prior art, in case distortion or cracking, the whole floating top of must disintegrating, the disintegration process also must will be finished by the people.Assembling, installing engineering behind correction or the replacing plate are suitable with former engineering complexity.As seen, prior art, maintenance process is numerous and diverse, also is the factor that is unfavorable for popularization and application.
Seven, protective ability is poor:
The protective ability of prior art equipment only limits to anti-evaporating formula protection generally speaking, and special circumstances such as lights, ignites or bombardment by gunfire when taking place, its just all or part of forfeiture protective ability meeting naked light, electric shock.
Eight, overall cost height:
Floating withstand on aspects such as design, manufacturing, installation, debugging, maintenance, the factor that the ubiquity overall cost is high are arranged earlier.
Obviously, the unfavorable factor that these can't be eliminated is to hinder floating top technical development and the floating yoke of popularizing, applying that pushes up of disc type.
Deficiency in view of above prior art, the inventor through extensively, further investigation, unexpectedly found a kind of can ingenious avoidance unfavorable factor, properly remedy the prior art defective, effectively overcome the floating top of air cushion type radial spring seal formula of prior art deficiency and the fire-fighting method that uses this floating top.
The present invention fully satisfies the radial seal mode of technology object requirement as guiding technical purpose to provide a kind of; To provide a kind of axial seal mode of senior fire-fighting function that has concurrently as the core technical purpose; Be beneficial to universal, the practical policy promoted as basic invention principle to follow all the time.
To sum up, the objective of the invention is to: 1. provide a kind of and can carry floating top inert medium, that be applicable to large-scale storage tank.2. a kind of automatic fire control method of using this floating top inert medium to be applied for a long time the edge of full protected liquid surface and protected liquid surface is provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: carry pressure seal ring as the radial seal body with what be set with the sealing force adjusting hoop, the air cushion paulin made from soft rubberized fabrics class material is as the axial seal body, do not form or one manufacture the inner edge that carries pressure seal ring and the edge of air cushion paulin are bonding with having ventilative slit, make the floating top main body of a softness.Should float the top from the storage tank manhole and send in the jar, charge into inert medium to carrying under pressure seal ring inner chamber and the air cushion paulin respectively, and can make this floating top main body become one and float the top and enter the state of often guarding against.
Detailed construction of the present invention provides in conjunction with the following drawings:
Fig. 1: floating top equipment construction schematic representation
Fig. 2: floating top equipment schematic representation in kind
Fig. 3: the working state schematic representation of floating top equipment
Fig. 4: carry pressure seal ring designing requirement view
Fig. 5: carry pressure seal ring normal condition schematic representation
Fig. 6: carry pressure seal ring uplink state schematic representation
As shown in Figure 1, floating top provided by the present invention comprises carries a pressure seal ring 1, air cushion paulin 2, and according to circumstances and the annex of selecting.
As shown in Figure 2, the inner edge that carries pressure seal ring 1 and the edge of air cushion paulin 2 be not bonding with having ventilative slit to form or one is manufactured, and promptly can be made into the floating top main body of a softness.And when carrying means of press seals Fig. 1 and air cushion paulin 2 and be loaded with inert medium respectively, can make floating top main body become a floating top.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, carrying pressure seal ring 1 is a kind ofly to comprise that seal ring carries and press body (pressing a body 11 hereinafter to be referred as carrying), carry and press body upper strata, lower floor's radial spring seal power adjusting hoop (hereinafter to be referred as limited diameter hoop 12,13 or upper strata limited diameter hoop 12, lower floor's limited diameter hoop 13), pressurized gas build inert medium (hereinafter to be referred as gas 14), carry and press body fill, exit valve (hereinafter to be referred as valve 15) and carrying of selecting according to circumstances to press body fill, exit conduit, reservoir walls to clean the radial seal system (see figure 1) of annexes such as tongue, wax scraping apparatus, anti-static device.
Valve 15 can be installed in and carry the convenient place of the inner edge of pressing body 11, also can cause the operation of being convenient to outside the storage tank tank body by conduit (in liquid) on or below floating top.
The floating top of every tool or every cover carry pressure seal ring and comprise that at least a tool carries pressure body 11.
The girth of limited diameter hoop 12,13, the maximum perimeter that can reach respectively less than the annular surface that contacts with this hoop on year pressure body 11 outer rims.Charge into proper amount of gas 14 to being set with carrying in the cavity of pressing body 11 of limited diameter hoop 12,13, carrying after the expansion presses the outer rim of body 11 to be become top-down three cambered surfaces or convex surface outer rim X.Y.Z (see figure 2) by the confined expansion active force lock ring of upper strata limited diameter hoop 12, lower floor's limited diameter hoop 13.
The upper end of counterweight chain 22 is connected with end face 21, and the lower end is connected with Fire Hose 23.
After in end face 21 times or protected liquid, charging into gas 24 from valve 25, can make the axial seal system enter the state of often guarding against, i.e. normal condition.(see figure 5)
The consumption summation of gas 14,24 should be the minimum amount that is enough to reach the fire-fighting purpose, and its maximum consumption is not more than the minimum sky that allows of storage tank and holds volume, does not influence effective liquid storage volume of storage tank to guarantee it.Unless run into war environment,, strengthen the ability of bombardmenting by gunfire of resisting to increase cushion depth or pressure.
Manufacture floating top equipment, particularly manufacture to carry and press the selected material of body, should be anti-be stored liquid etch, dissolving, and protected liquid not had the material of quality influence.For example: the employed material in floating top that crude oil, jet fuel, gasoline holding vessel are equipped, can select butyronitrile class, fluorine class rubber, synthetic rubber or scribble the materials such as fabric of this glue.
Carry the outer rim of pressure seal ring, particularly the outer rim that often contacts with tank skin should have wear resistance and pliability preferably.
Key problem in technology of the present invention is: carry carrying of pressure seal ring 1 and press body 11 outer rims to be set with limited diameter hoop 12,13; The end face 21 of air cushion paulin 2 is covered with gas 24 bed courses.
Technical solution of the present invention provides in conjunction with following know-why:
(1), radial sealing system know-why:
One, " radially " definition: this specification described " radially " is to point to this point by the centre of curvature of certain point on the reservoir walls, and perpendicular to the direction in this tangent plane.
Two, the notion of " claimed condition ":
The notion of this specification described " claimed condition " is to point to carry to press intracoelomic cavity to charge into the gas 14 of designing requirement amount (PminVmax/T), make to be set with carrying of the limited diameter hoop 12,13 that reaches designed circumference and to press a body 11 to be expanded to designing requirement volume V max, and carry the pressure condition (see figure 2) when having designing requirement pressure P min.The maximum outer circumference of the Y section of carrying pressure seal ring 1 of claimed condition is grown up in reservoir walls maximum horizontal section girth, and X section, the maximum outer rim girth of Z section are respectively less than reservoir walls minimum level perimeter of section.The upper limb that carries pressure seal ring 1 of horizontal positioned and following intermarginal distance, or the diameter of year pressure body 11 inner chambers should allow the sky appearance highly less than storage tank is minimum.Obviously, under the claimed condition, Vmax=Vo+ Δ V, in the formula: Vmax is for carrying pressure seal ring 1 inner chamber designing requirement volume; V is the volume that inflation pressure is carried pressure seal ring 1 inner chamber when reaching a local barometric absolute pressure; Δ V is the increase of V when reaching the Vmax volume.
Three, form year flexible principle of pressure seal ring:
Pressing body 11 inner chambers to charge in pressurized gas 14 processes to carrying, pressurized gas with elastic potential energy was pressed the elastic forces in its tangent plane of sensing that inwall applied of body 11 in 14 pairs years, made by having the pressure body of making than big limit of elasticity material 11 that carries and produced a kind of elastic force of pointing to centre of curvature.When these two kinds of elastic forces reach balance, carry the character of this state of equilibrium of maintenance that pressure seal ring had, promptly be the elasticity of carrying pressure seal ring.Obviously, carrying pressure seal ring forms this flexible necessary condition and is: Δ V＞0
Four, produce the principle of radial spring seal power:
The maximum outer rim girth that carries pressure seal ring of working state equals to carry the reservoir walls girth that the pressure seal ring outer rim is contacted, and this girth is downloaded the maximum outer rim girth of pressure seal ring less than claimed condition.Obviously, carry pressure seal ring in the contrary lateral extrusion power generation effect of reservoir walls, produced a kind of radial elastic power that acts on the reservoir walls surface of contact.This radial elastic power is a pair of active force and reaction force with contrary lateral extrusion power.The necessary condition that produces this radial elastic power is to carry the body that produces with respect to claimed condition under the contrary lateral extrusion power effect of reservoir walls of pressure seal ring to change.That is: the girth that carries the maximum outer rim of pressure seal ring is dwindled by contrary lateral extrusion.
Five, carry the normal condition of pressure seal ring:
The state that setting year pressure seal ring is still in tank level section area biggest place (being in tank bottom usually) is a normal condition.
Carry the force-bearing situation that the pressure seal ring normal condition has changed claimed condition, having formed with radial seal power is the equilibrium system of active force and reaction force with contrary lateral extrusion power.
Six, carry the adjusting of pressure seal ring elastic strength:
Elastic strength when setting year pressure seal ring is in normal condition is the benchmark elastic strength.Obviously, when carrying the contained real gas amount of pressure seal ring PV/T, carry the pressure seal ring elastic strength and strengthen greater than claimed condition or normal condition gas flow PminVmax/T.Otherwise, then weaken.Therefore in carrying pressure body elastic limit of materials scope, the load volume of pressure seal ring is carried in control, is the basic skills of regulating its elastic strength.
Seven, carry the adjusting of pressure seal ring radial spring seal dynamics:
Size with radial seal power of carrying pressure seal ring of benchmark elastic strength depends on the poor of Y section outer rim maximum perimeter under the claimed condition and the Y section outer rim maximum perimeter under the working state.It is the degree that Y section outer rim is extruded.Therefore, to the adjusting in advance of Y section outer rim maximum perimeter, be the major measure of control radial spring seal dynamics.
The connector 123 of the upper strata limited diameter hoop 12 of adjusting between X section, Y section outer rim can make the girth of upper strata limited diameter hoop be in claimed condition, thus the maximum perimeter of control X section, Y section outer rim.The connector 133 of the lower floor limited diameter hoop 13 of adjusting between Y section, Z section outer rim can make the girth of lower floor's limited diameter hoop be in claimed condition, thus the maximum perimeter of control Y section, Z section outer rim.Obviously, by adjusting, can reach the technical purpose that pressure seal ring radial spring seal power is carried in control to X, Y, Z section outer rim maximum perimeter.
Eight, radial seal know-why:
The floating top equipment that can reach claimed condition is put into storage tank, charges into the gas flow PminVmax/T that can reach claimed condition to carrying pressure seal ring, makes a year pressure seal ring reach benchmark sealing state (see figure 5).At this moment, carry pressure seal ring and have a kind of radial spring seal power that is enough to realize high efficiency radial seal effect.In floating top armament-related work process, this radial spring seal power that exists all the time makes the radial seal effect have high efficiency, long-lasting becoming a reality.
(2), axial seal systems technology principle:
One, " axially " definition: this specification described " axially " is meant along direction cylindrical, that vertical type storage tank axis makes progress.
Two, the formation principle of air cushion layer:
After radial sealing system enters the normal condition (see figure 5), charge into gas 24 33 times by valve 25 to end face 21 times or liquid level, the gas 24 that arrives successively on the liquid level 33 is filled up end face 21 gradually.Be collected in gradually with end face 21 and be the top, be abutment wall, be the gas 24 of the gas storage space at the end, in forming air cushion layer process, make the axial seal system enter working state gradually with liquid level 33 with the inner edge that carries pressure seal ring 1.
Three, the principle of control air cushion layer thickness:
Four, the principle of control air cushion stressor layer:
Under the controlled condition of air cushion layer thickness, charge into the gas 24 of required amount to gas storage space, can obtain requiring the air cushion layer of pressure.
Five, general axial seal principle:
Because end face 21 is a kind of floating top interareas of being made by gas impermeable material, its edge connects with year pressure body 11 sealings, and the outer rim of carrying pressure body 11 seals with reservoir walls 32 and contacts, therefore, axial seal system provided by the present invention has the general axial seal function of known floating top or floating plate at least.
(3), fire-fighting system know-why:
One, the notion of " fire-fighting function ": the notion of this specification described " fire-fighting function " is meant the general fire-fighting function fire-fighting function in addition that known floating top provided by the present invention possesses.
Two, often guard against state: comprising radially, the normal working of the floating top equipment of axial two big sealing systems, promptly is the state of defence often of fire-fighting system provided by the present invention.
Three, unusual time defence state: often guard against the state that pressure seal ring 1 loses the radial seal power restriction of limited diameter hoop 12,13 that carries of state, promptly be radially fire-fighting system very the time defence state.Often guard against the end face 21 of the air cushion paulin 1 of state to lose the contrary axial tension of Fire Hose 23, and the state after expanding vertically by counterweight chain 22, promptly be axial fire-fighting system very the time guard against state.Firefighting cartridge that Fire Hose 23 is loaded 231 discharges the process of fire-fighting media, promptly be the center fire-fighting system very the time defence state.
Radially, axially, the order of defence state when the center fire-fighting system enters very respectively, can be redefined for the order of selecting automatically according to defence object or institute's chance situation.
Four, the transfer principle of defence state:
Temperature when the temperature sense control head of temperature sense fusing knot 121 or 131, temperature sense fusing bolt 221, firefighting cartridge 231 is experienced very respectively, or limit power is broken knot 122,132, limit power and is broken drawing of bolt 222, firefighting cartridge 231 and open valve and experience because of gas 14, the 24 temperature formed increased pressure that expands that raises, limited diameter hoop 12,13, counterweight chain 22 disconnect respectively, during firefighting cartridge 231 valve openings, radially, axially, the center fire-fighting system is respectively from often guarding against state exchange to be unusual time defence state.
Five, the unusual fire prevention principle of time defence state:
The radially fire-fighting system of defence state not only has bigger radial seal power than the radial sealing system of often guarding against state in the time of very, but also can form adhered sealing when needed.Therefore, the steam that forms of the protected liquid of its temperature when the yoke fixture has very effectively or its inner gasification is scurried out along tank skin from the radial seal gap location.
The axial fire-fighting system of defence state has bigger air cushion layer gas storage space than the axial seal system that often guards against state in the time of very.It can hold the protected liquid internal of temperature when having very or the fire-fighting medium of surperficial steam that is produced and the release of center fire-fighting system.Therefore, it has alleviated the axial pressure increase amplitude of radial seal gap location effectively.Simultaneously, under full storage state, the axial expansion of end face 21, can with the empty residual air that holds the space of storage tank all or major part extrude storage tank, and sealing storage tank spiracle.
The fire-fighting medium that the center fire-fighting system of defence state is discharged in the time of very, if cooling type fire-fighting medium, then it absorbs the gas that heat forms effectively reducing in the protected liquid, particularly its surface temperature process, still has anti-flaming function.Therefore, it further strengthens the fire-fighting ability of axial fire-fighting system after effectively increasing the pressure of air cushion layer.
Specific operation step of the present invention provides in conjunction with following working principle:
(1), carry the time-delay rising starting of pressure seal ring:
Be equipped on year pressure seal ring on the floating top in the storage tank, have a kind of radial seal power that acts on reservoir walls.In the starting stage of input liquid in storage tank, carrying pressure seal ring must could start from state of rest after tank skin acts on the maximum static friction force that carries the pressure seal ring friction surface overcoming.Therefore, carrying pressure seal ring has to be later than the time-delay process that liquid surface, air cushion layer and air cushion paulin end face rise.During this period, carrying the suffered buoyancy of seal ring increases gradually, carry pressure seal ring under buoyancy and contrary axial stiction acting in conjunction vertically, make an inner edge gradually a little more than outer rim, from inside to outside, from bottom to top the trace action (see figure 6) of " turning up ".The action of " turning up " makes the increasing degree of carrying the inner chamber gas pressure of pressing body obtain buffering, and then makes the increasing degree of stiction controlled.The action of " turning up " reduces the gap of carrying pressure seal ring X section outer rim and tank skin gradually, Z section outer rim and tank skin gap increase gradually, drive the friction surface trace " rolling " from bottom to top of Y section outer rim, the sliding friction formula starting action that " rolling " action will be carried between pressure seal ring Y section outer rim friction surface and the stressed surface of reservoir walls changes rolling friction formula starting action into.Thereby making a year pressure seal ring finish the needed axial buoyancy increasing amount of starting action reduces.
Finish the moment of starting action carrying pressure seal ring, stiction disappears, and carries pressure seal ring under the effect of self elastic force, and " in turn over " returns.In addition, carrying pressure seal ring only overcomes less kinetic force of friction and can rise with liquid surface in the city.
(2), the working principle that adapts to storage tank with tapering:
Cylindrical, vertical type storage tank that opposite joint is welded generally have the type body characteristics that a kind of horizontal section round area, girth, radius reduce vertically gradually, promptly have certain taper.In the process that year pressure seal ring rises vertically with liquid level, contrary lateral extrusion power and radial seal power increase synchronously, kinetic force of friction increases thereupon, and a year pressure seal ring overcomes the needed axial buoyancy of contrary axially fortune frictional force and increases gradually, and liquid floods the volume that carries pressure seal ring to be increased gradually.Because carrying pressure seal ring can increase in the axial buoyancy increase process at contrary axially kinetic force of friction, produce the change of state that inner edge is higher than outer rim gradually, so year pressure seal ring radial seal power amplitude of variation in the running in having the storage tank of tapering is controlled.
When a year pressure seal ring walks to " top dead center " with liquid level, X outer rim and tank skin gap minimum; When walking to " lower dead center ", X section outer rim and tank skin gap maximum.
(3), the working principle that adapts to storage tank with ladder:
Cylindrical, vertical type storage tank that whip stitch is welded certainly exist the ladder that some horizontal sections circle increases or reduce a storage tank wall thickness suddenly.Rise to rank following times when carrying pressure seal ring with liquid surface, X section outer rim is stepped up ladder, Y section outer rim top is stuck on the ladder, the ladder bight increases gradually to the pressure of Y section outer rim, liquid increases gradually to the buoyancy that carries pressure seal ring, force a year pressure seal ring to do support with the ladder bight, " turning up " several angle, " turning up " action cooperates the axial buoyancy that increases gradually to make a year pressure seal ring step up ladder through " stagnation " process of short duration.
When meeting " downstairs " situation in carrying the pressure seal ring process of rising or falling, Y section outer rim makes friction surface and reservoir walls remain press contacts in the effect of carrying pressure seal ring radial spring seal power.
On carrying pressure seal ring or in the downstairs process, " turning up " or " in turn over " action increases radial seal power or the amplitude that reduces is eased.Thereby the radial seal effect is not reduced because of the existence of ladder.
(4), adaptation has the not working principle of post degree, inclination storage tank:
Cylindrical, vertical type storage tank certainly exist a kind of stable or unsettled not post degree or inclination.When carrying pressure seal ring and walk to the round place, horizontal section of reservoir walls with liquid level, reservoir walls acts on the increasing amount of the contrary lateral extrusion power of carrying the pressure seal ring rubbing surface, is that communicate is to the position that reduces against lateral extrusion power to carry pressure seal ring institute gas carrier.Therefore, no matter carry pressure seal ring outer rim shape and how to change with the horizontal section shape of reservoir walls, the radial seal power of carrying the pressure seal ring border equates all the time, thereby makes sealing effect be in state of equilibrium all the time.
(5), the anti-routine automatic fire control principle of bombardmenting by gunfire:
When suffering routine, the following can body of liquid level bombardments by gunfire; make protected leak of liquid; and outside jar; particularly when the storage tank outer wall surface was burnt, tank temperature raise significantly, equipment state when radially fire-fighting system at first enters very; promptly carrying pressure seal ring radial seal power increases; even carry the surface melting that pressure seal ring contact with reservoir walls, and and be bonded in reservoir walls, control protected liquid Yin Wendu rising and a large amount of vapours of generation are scurried out along reservoir walls from radial seal.When this vapour enters air cushion layer, when making axial fire-fighting system enter very during the defence state,, thereby alleviated the axial pressure of radial seal place because the end face of air cushion paulin can expand vertically.When guarding against state when the center fire-fighting system enters very, the cooling type fire-fighting medium that the automatic fire control bullet discharges can make protected liquid and air cushion layer temperature reduce.Vapour after the heat exchange enters air cushion layer, has replenished air cushion layer pressure, has increased the protective ability of air cushion layer.So just effectively eliminated protected liquid in storage tank internal combustion or quick-fried possibility.
When suffering routine, the above can body of liquid level or tank deck bombardment by gunfire; when the high temperature bullet is injected protected liquid; owing to do not have burning mixture in the storage tank; projectile tail vacuum band also can't pass taking air air cushion layer and enter protected liquid; so the probability that directly ignites, ignites protected liquid is greatly reduced.When making fluid temperature, the heat exchange of high temperature bullet in protected liquid raise; and when producing vapour because axially, radially, defence state when the center fire-fighting system can change over to very in good time, so; ignite, ignite the possibility of protected liquid indirectly, also be eliminated.Because floating top provided by the present invention equipment has enough pliabilities, therefore, the impact force that it can not produced by local gasification of moment is overturned.
(6), prevent the working principle that liquid is emerged:
When meeting misoperation excess input liquid, cause floating top line to storage tank shaft and tank deck connecting part, carry that pressure seal ring is blocked by the tank deck edge and can't uplink situation the time, have enough bearing capacities owing to carry pressure seal ring, so the fluid pressure that its lower edge and inner edge bore can be passed to reservoir walls and tank deck bottom from outer rim and upper limb, thereby sealing force is increased synchronously.Continue to rise at liquid, and the end face that promotes air cushion layer and air cushion paulin rises to when being close to the storage tank tank deck, the end face of air cushion paulin can seal the storage tank spiracle.If continue input liquid, then air cushion layer pressure raises gradually, and until reaching when equating with the power lift of infusing, liquid surface no longer rises.At this moment, although transfusion power remains in operation, liquid still can not emerged, and floating top equipment can not be damaged yet.
Self-protection principle when (seven), finding time liquid:
When meeting misoperation when pot liquid being found time (be commonly called as fan the air jar) situation, owing to after the gas of air cushion layer is inhaled into the centrifugal pump impeller chamber, can makes impeller idle running, thereby floating top equipment is protected.
Below provide the effective effect and the industrial usability of floating top of the present invention and fire-fighting method thereof:
(1), the radial seal body has enough elastic packing power:
Prior art with solid seal ring or individual layer sealed tongue or inner chamber irritate certain liquid is arranged the carrier fluid seal ring as the radial seal body, be a kind of radial seal mode of controlling the seal clearance type.
The present invention is then carried pressure seal ring as the radial seal body with what being loaded with of can regulate radial spring seal power calmed the anger the build inert medium, and obviously, this is a kind of radial seal mode of senior, control sealing load type.
(2), the axial seal body has enough pliabilities:
Prior art all with the floating top interarea made by certain hard material as the axial seal body, belong to gravity die axial seal mode.
The present invention is that a kind of senior, soft profile shaft is to sealing means then to be covered with air cushion paulin gaseous type inert medium bed course, that hang with Fire Hose as the axial seal body.
(3), directly, the working procedure of axial seal body is not disturbed mutually:
The prior art equipment is a kind of disc type equipment, its footpath, the phase mutual interference in the course of the work of axial seal body.
Air cushion paulin provided by the present invention has enough pliabilities, and it not only can make raised or sunken action with respect to carrying pressure seal ring, and can be out of shape with the horizontal deformation with enough flexible year pressure seal ring.Obviously, the radial seal body can not be subjected to that axial seal body restraining force is finished delayed firing intrusively, the ladder that jumps, through not technical movements such as circular section.The axial seal body is finished with also can not being subjected to radial seal body restraint restriction and is prevented that liquid from emerging and the technical movements such as self-protection when fanning the air jar.Therefore, floating top provided by the present invention equipment is a kind of senior integrated protection equipment.
(4), the fire-fighting medium is applied full protected liquid surface for a long time:
The fire-fighting mode of prior art only limits to suppress the rudimentary defence mode of protected liquid evaporation.
The provided by the present invention fire-fighting medium is applied for a long time expired in the fire-fighting mode of protected liquid surface, is a kind of when meeting special circumstances, can initiatively implement the senior defence mode of fireproofing protection.Fire-fighting method particularly provided by the present invention will comprise: 1. the sensitive time 2. the fire-protection equipment starting time 3. the fire-fighting medium 4. fire-fighting medium comprehensive fire-fighting starting times such as diffusion time of applying full protected liquid surface are reduced to null value working time of arriving liquid surface.And at present international at first the time starting time of fire service equipment be about 4 seconds.The starting time of the most advanced fire service equipment of China is about 9 seconds.Obviously, the fire-fighting method of this no starting time is a kind of five-star fire-fighting method.
Obviously, the present invention has following advantage:
(1), design aspect:
The present invention only need obtain maximum, the minimum level cross section girth that storage tank or tank farm represent tank With average wall thickness, can provide to satisfy and manufacture or manufacture in batches the design parameter of requirement.
(2), manufacture the aspect:
Operations such as the present invention only needs cutting, sews up, bonding can make the major component of being convenient to the light body equipment that folds, transport, install.
(3), installation aspect:
The present invention can not be subjected to storage tank whether to contain the restriction of liquid and install.Installation process only need be thrown in equipment and be charged into gas.
(4), use aspect:
Being filled with carrying pressure seal ring, being covered with the air cushion paulin and the Fire Hose that is loaded with firefighting cartridge of fire-retardant class gas of non-combustion-supporting class gas, is relatively independent floating system and the fire-fighting systems of three covers.Wherein any cover system all can be finished its function relatively independently.
(5), maintenance aspect:
After finding fault or operating irregularity, only need bleed off gas, can easily equipment be taken out maintenance.Maintenance process only needs " leak stopping " usually or changes annex.
Among the figure:
1: carry pressure seal ring;
11: carry laminate;
12: limit footpath, upper strata hoop;
121: warming fusing knot;
122: limiter is broken knot;
123: unit connector;
13: lower floor's limited diameter hoop;
131: temperature sense fusing knot;
132: limit power is broken knot;
133: unit connector;
14: pressurized gas build inert medium;
15: carry and press the body charging and discharging valve;
2: the air cushion paulin;
21: end face;
22: the counterweight chain;
221: temperature sense fusing bolt;
222: limit power is broken bolt;
223: the cushion depth bolt;
23: Fire Hose;
231: firefighting cartridge;
24: the gaseous type inert medium;
25: the air cushion charging valve;
3: storage tank;
31: the storage tank spiracle;
32: reservoir walls;
33: protected liquid surface;
X: the upper strata convex surface ring that carries pressure seal ring;
Y: the middle level convex surface ring that carries pressure seal ring;
Z: the lower floor's convex surface ring that carries pressure seal ring;
Claims (7)
1. floating top that is used to suppress liquid evaporation in the storage tank, it is characterized in that it comprises a year pressure seal ring (1), air cushion paulin (2), wherein, the edge that carries the inner edge of pressure seal ring (1) and air cushion paulin (2) has that ground, ventilative slit is not bonding to form or one is manufactured.
2. according to the described floating top of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned year pressure seal ring (1) be a kind of radial seal body of carry pressing a body (11), upper strata limited diameter hoop (12), lower floor's limited diameter hoop (13), gas (14) and valve (15) that comprises; Above-mentioned air cushion paulin (2) is a kind of axial seal body that comprises end face (21), counterweight chain (22), Fire Hose (23), gas (24) and valve (25).
3. according to the described floating top of claim 2, it is characterized in that: pressing body (11) in above-mentioned year is a kind of cavity annular ring of being made by rubber or synthetic rubber or rubberized fabrics class material; Above-mentioned limited diameter hoop (12), (13) all are that a kind of tandem is connecting temperature sense fusing knot (121) or (131), limit power and breaks the circumferential band that the rope or belt of knot (122) or (132) and unit connector (123) or (133) surrounds; Above-mentioned gas (14) is a kind of pressurized gas build inert medium; Above-mentioned end face (21) is a kind of individual layer paulin face of being made by soft rubberized fabrics class material; Above-mentioned counterweight chain (22) is a kind ofly to connect temperature sense fusing bolt (221), limit power by tandem and break the chain that the rope or belt of bolt (222), cushion depth bolt (223) is linked to be; Above-mentioned Fire Hose (23) is a kind of case shape object by metal or the nonmetal loading automatic fire control bullet of making (223); Above-mentioned gas (24) is a kind of gaseous type inert medium.
4. according to the described floating top of claim 2, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned upper strata limited diameter hoop (12), lower floor's limited diameter hoop (13) coaxially are set in its first half and Lower Half with a year pressure body (11) respectively; The upper end of above-mentioned counterweight chain (22) is connected with end face (21), and the lower end is connected with Fire Hose 23; Above-mentioned valve (15) is installed in and carries the inner edge top of pressing body (11); Above-mentioned valve (25) is installed on the end face (21) or on the short tube of removing contamination of storage tank (3).
5. according to the described floating top of claim 4, it is characterized in that the girth of above-mentioned upper strata limited diameter hoop (12) and lower floor's limited diameter hoop (13), respectively the maximum perimeter that can reach less than the annular surface that contacts with this hoop on year pressure body (11) outer rim; Charge into gas (14) in the cavity of carry pressing body (11) that is set with above-mentioned upper strata limited diameter hoop (12) and lower floor's limited diameter hoop (13), the outer rim that carrying after the expansion pressed body (11) is become top-down three cambered surfaces or convex surface outer rim (X), (Y), (Z) by the confined expansion active force lock ring of upper strata limited diameter hoop 12, lower floor's limited diameter hoop (13); Above-mentioned year pressure seal ring (1) (Y) section maximum outer circumference grow up in reservoir walls (32) maximum horizontal section girth, (X) section, (Z) section maximum outer rim girth respectively less than reservoir walls (32) minimum level perimeter of section; The upper limb that carries pressure seal ring (1) of horizontal positioned allows the empty height that holds with intermarginal down distance less than the storage tank minimum.
6. an automatic fire control method that is applicable to liquid container is characterized in that adopting floating according to claim 1 top, and gas (24) and these two kinds of inert mediums of pressurized gas (15) are applied full protected liquid surface (33) for a long time.
7. according to the described method of claim 6, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps: the first, storage tank (3) is correctly put on above-mentioned floating top; The second, counterweight chain (22) upper end is connected with end face (21), the lower end is connected with the Fire Hose that is loaded with firefighting cartridge (231) (23); The 3rd, press the inner chamber of body (11) to charge into gas (14) by valve (15) to carrying, and adjust the girth of upper strata limited diameter hoop (12), lower floor's limited diameter hoop (13) respectively, make a year pressure seal ring (1) guard against state when entering normality; The 4th, under end face (21), charge into gas (24) by valve (25) and form the inert medium bed course, make air cushion paulin (2) enter the state of often guarding against; The 5th, when guarding against state when system changes over to very, above-mentioned floating top has the fire-fighting ability of often guarding against state and being enough to make protected liquid not ignited, ignite that is better than.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97119189A CN1083963C (en) | 1997-10-28 | 1997-10-28 | Air cushion type radial spring seal floating roof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97119189A CN1083963C (en) | 1997-10-28 | 1997-10-28 | Air cushion type radial spring seal floating roof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1215817A CN1215817A (en) | 1999-05-05 |
| CN1083963C true CN1083963C (en) | 2002-05-01 |
Family
ID=5175265
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97119189A Expired - Fee Related CN1083963C (en) | 1997-10-28 | 1997-10-28 | Air cushion type radial spring seal floating roof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1083963C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103922051A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 孙强丹 | Idle sealing and explosion suppression device used for dangerous chemical containers and defense method |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102921123B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-09-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | For the fire-fighting of the triggering certainly bag apparatus of hazardous chemical storage tank |
| CN109455417A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-12 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of storage tank seal inflatable floating plate |
| CN113294371B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-05-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Testing device and testing method for testing influence of outlet volume on stability of gas compressor |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3002828A (en) * | 1958-06-09 | 1961-10-03 | Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel | Gasholder seal |
-
1997
- 1997-10-28 CN CN97119189A patent/CN1083963C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3002828A (en) * | 1958-06-09 | 1961-10-03 | Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel | Gasholder seal |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103922051A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 孙强丹 | Idle sealing and explosion suppression device used for dangerous chemical containers and defense method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1215817A (en) | 1999-05-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1083963C (en) | Air cushion type radial spring seal floating roof | |
| CN1119157A (en) | Fluid fueled air bag inflator | |
| CN1759243A (en) | Methods of moving the rotating means of a wind turbine during transportation or stand still, method of controlling the moving of the rotating means, nacelle, auxiliary device, control and monitoring | |
| CN1078161A (en) | Fire-extinguishing composite | |
| CN1263579A (en) | Energy absorber | |
| US20040185339A1 (en) | Ultra safe lead acid battery cell | |
| CN205574714U (en) | Full contacting lip seal structure of oil storage tank | |
| CN1562417A (en) | Inerting protection method and protection device in use for silo of storing raw coal | |
| CN1224799C (en) | Explosion preventing device for portable gas range | |
| CN1176980C (en) | Polytetrafluorethylene granular powder without filler | |
| CN105552451A (en) | Explosion-proof lead-acid storage battery | |
| CN207174543U (en) | A kind of fuel oil storage system of high safety | |
| CN216917081U (en) | Fireproof high-temperature-resistant paint bucket | |
| CN1817698A (en) | Gas generator for air bag and air bag apparatus | |
| CN1072572C (en) | Fuel containment for fluid fueled airbag inflators | |
| CN106286915A (en) | A kind of novel metallurgical stove automatic exhaust device | |
| CN212930016U (en) | Nitrogen protection device for comprehensive treatment of hazardous waste | |
| CN1301317C (en) | Environment-friendly coke-saving liquid agent and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN105752539B (en) | A kind of explosion-proof Dome roof tank | |
| CN206986100U (en) | A kind of attachment means of coke drum bottom cover machine and disintegrating machine, cleaning decoking system | |
| CN205891766U (en) | Back -fire relief breathable cap | |
| CN219057491U (en) | Explosion-proof bucket elevator for calcium carbide conveying | |
| CN213745089U (en) | Emergency relief valve | |
| CN218409545U (en) | Gas filling protective cover | |
| CN210796510U (en) | Hot blank cap for steel slag hot blank belt safety unloading and explosion automatic connecting device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SUN QIANG; SONG FENGNIAN Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SUN QIANG Effective date: 20020204 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20020204 Patentee after: Sun Qiang Patentee after: Song Fengnian Patentee before: Sun Qiang |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |