CN108396333A - A kind of cathode structure of aluminium cell reducing horizontal current improvement current distribution - Google Patents
A kind of cathode structure of aluminium cell reducing horizontal current improvement current distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108396333A CN108396333A CN201810579791.6A CN201810579791A CN108396333A CN 108396333 A CN108396333 A CN 108396333A CN 201810579791 A CN201810579791 A CN 201810579791A CN 108396333 A CN108396333 A CN 108396333A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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Abstract
A kind of cathode structure of aluminium cell reducing horizontal current improvement current distribution, including cathode carbon pieces and cathode collector bar, cathode carbon pieces bottom surface are set there are one through slot or two coaxial and symmetrical elongated slots, and top surface is equipped with groove；Each cathode collector bar is made of barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head；Conductive pawl is fixedly mounted on the top of barred body, and being equipped with 3 on each conduction pawl is located at dewclaw head in groove, and electric conductor is filled between groove and pawl head.Each pawl head can uniformly share the electric current from cathode carbon pieces in the structure design of the present invention, make current distribution evenly, reduce horizontal current, and melt interface stability is good, be conducive to reduce tank voltage by reducing pole span, realize that energy consumption reduces.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aluminum electrolysis, more particularly to a kind of horizontal current that reduces improves the aluminium electroloysis of current distribution
Slot cathode construction.
Background technology
Currently, electrolyte used in industrial electrolysis aluminium metallurgy is cryolite-alumina molten salt system, electrolysis unit is electrolytic cell,
Electrolytic cell is made of anode, cathode and busbar etc.；In an electrolytic cell, direct current by riser bus bar, the horizontal busbar of anode into
Enter, and is assigned to the anode unit of each parallel connection, including anode aluminium guide-bar, anode steel claw, anode carbon block, it is molten subsequently into electrolyte
Body, is molten aluminum liquid layer under electrolyte layer, and electric current enters cathode carbon pieces via molten aluminum layer, then connected by each cathode carbon pieces
Cathode steel bar exports to negative busbar, is finally connected in series to the riser bus bar of next electrolytic cell.
In aluminium electrolysis process, practical cathode reaction carries out on liquid aluminum, but people are usually by cathode carbon pieces and the moon
Pole rod iron is known as cathode, and cathode plays the role of containing molten aluminum and electrolyte melt and induces current into negative busbar.
In applicable industry electrolytic cell, fluting is equipped with below each cathode carbon pieces along its length, for installing cathode steel bar；
Usually each cathode carbon pieces install 2 or 4 cathode steel bars；Cathode steel bar is inserted into along its length in cathode carbon pieces fluting,
It is pasted by charcoal with cathode carbon pieces or ferrophosphorus electric conductor is connect, to ensure having good conductive capability；The cathode steel bar other end stretches out
Outside cathode carbon pieces, it is connected with the negative busbar outside electrolytic cell；Therefore, the maximum effect of cathode steel bar is by electric current from cathode carbon pieces
It imported into negative busbar.
This cathode construction of applicable industry electrolytic cell causes the current density of cathode carbon pieces both ends part higher, cathode
Current density in the middle part of carbon block is relatively low so that electric current in molten aluminum be avoid passing through longer cathode steel bar and to cathode carbon pieces end
Head offset, this causes the current density of the molten aluminum closer apart from current output terminal larger, and far from current output terminal molten aluminum current density compared with
It is small, finally show in molten aluminum that there are larger horizontal currents；This horizontal current generates electromagnetism under vertical magnetic field effect
Power leads to molten aluminum/electrolyte interface fluctuation；Horizontal current is bigger, and molten aluminum is more unstable, and current efficiency is lower；So current
In aluminium cell operation, higher current efficiency could be maintained by generally remaining higher pole span.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to the cathode structure of aluminium cell that a kind of reduction horizontal current improves current distribution, pass through
Conductive pawl is set on different cathode collector bars and mounting jaw head makes more in such a way that multiple pawl heads are connect with cathode carbon pieces
A pawl head is used for scattered current, reduces electromagnetic force suffered by molten aluminum from the root cause, realizes cathode molten aluminum high stability.
The cathode structure of aluminium cell that the reduction horizontal current of the present invention improves current distribution includes cathode carbon pieces and cathode
Conductive rod, cathode carbon pieces shape are cuboid, and bottom surface is equipped with cathode can in an axial direction, and cathode can is same for a through slot or by two
Axis and symmetrical elongated slot composition, the top surface of cathode can are equipped with several grooves；Two cathode collector bars or two pairs of cathode collector bar positions
In in a through slot, or it is located in two elongated slots；Each cathode collector bar is made of barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head；
It is top that barred body, which is located at one end in cathode can, and it is tail end to be located at one end outside cathode can；Conductive pawl is fixedly mounted on barred body
Top is equipped with 3 with dewclaw head on each conduction pawl, and each pawl head is located in each groove of cathode can top surface, groove with
Electric conductor is filled between pawl head in the groove；When having two pairs of cathode collector bars in a cathode can, each pair of cathode is conductive
The pawl head on each cathode collector bar in stick lines up 1 row along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；When only there are two cloudy in a cathode can
When the conductive rod of pole, the pawl head on each cathode collector bar lines up 1 row or 2 rows along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；Wherein each pair of cathode is led
The top of two cathode collector bar barred bodies in torch is located at the both sides of cathode can axis.
In above structure, barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head on same cathode collector bar are structure as a whole；Each cathode is conductive
Each pawl head of stick is connect by strut with mobile jib, and mobile jib and strut and coupling part between the two collectively form conductive pawl.
In above structure, when being equipped with two pairs of cathode collector bars in cathode can, between two a pair of cathode collector bars
There is at least gap of 3cm；There is at least 4cm between the barred body of cathode collector bar in cathode can and conductive pawl and cathode carbon pieces side wall
Gap.
In above structure, the ratio of the spacing and cathode carbon pieces length of two neighboring pawl head is 1 in same row's pawl head:(3~
20)；When pawl head lines up 2 row along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces, the spacing of two rows of pawl heads and the width ratio of cathode can are 1:(1.5
~5).
Above-mentioned electric conductor is using carbonaceous paste, TiB2Powder or ferrophosphorus are raw material, by prick it is solid, make firm by ramming or melt casting
Mode is filled in the material between pawl head and groove.
In above structure, the distance between pawl head and groove are in 2~60mm, preferably 10~40mm.
In above structure, when being equipped with two pairs of cathode collector bars in cathode can, with the stick of two a pair of cathode collector bars
Body tail end is connect with the negative busbar outside the same electrolytic cell.
In above structure, each pawl head is uniformly distributed along the axis of cathode carbon pieces.
In above structure, the horizontal cross-section of groove is round, rectangular, oval or with fillet rectangle.
In above structure, packing material is set between cathode collector bar and between cathode collector bar and cathode carbon pieces；It is cloudy
The resistivity of packing material between the conductive rod of pole is higher than cathode collector bar, the filling material between cathode collector bar and cathode carbon pieces
The resistivity of material is higher than cathode carbon pieces.
The pawl head of each cathode collector bar can uniformly share the electric current from cathode carbon pieces in the structure design of the present invention so that
The current distribution of cathode carbon pieces evenly, while reducing the horizontal current in molten aluminum, therefore the electromagnetic force very little suffered by molten aluminum,
Molten aluminum/electrolyte melt interface stability is good, and aluminum electrolysis can get higher current efficiency, is also beneficial to by reducing pole
It is final to realize being greatly lowered for aluminium electroloysis energy consumption away from reducing tank voltage.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the half-sectional of the cathode structure of aluminium cell that reduction horizontal current improves current distribution in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Face structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the B-B direction structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the A-A of Fig. 1 to structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of cathode carbon pieces part in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the half-sectional of the cathode structure of aluminium cell that reduction horizontal current improves current distribution in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Face structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the B-B direction structural schematic diagram of Fig. 5；
Fig. 7 is the A-A of Fig. 5 to structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the conductive pawl structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is the conductive pawl structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 4；
Figure 11 is the vertical view of Figure 10；
Figure 12 is the conductive pawl structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 5；
Figure 13 is the vertical view of Figure 12；
In figure, 1, cathode carbon pieces, 2, cathode collector bar I (barred body), 3, cathode collector bar II (barred body), 4, cathode collector bar
(single), 5, mobile jib, 6, cross bar, 7, strut, 8, electric conductor, 9, elongated slot, 10, groove, 11, pawl head, 12, two level cross bar, 13, two
Grade mobile jib, 14, through slot.
Specific implementation mode
In the embodiment of the present invention, the barred body cross section of cathode collector bar is rectangle.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the part being inserted into groove is pawl head.
In the embodiment of the present invention.Mobile jib and strut are cylindric.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each cathode carbon pieces are equipped with 1~2 cathode can, and whole cathode collector bars are divided into 2~8 groups,
Each group is connected with slot outer cathode busbar respectively.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of cathode collector bar is steel.
The side of cathode can is 5~300mm at a distance from cathode carbon pieces lateral wall in the present invention.
In the present invention when cathode can is two symmetrical elongated slots, the spacing of two elongated slots is 10~300mm.
The cathode carbon pieces of the present invention are cuboid, and long Lc is 1500~4500mm, and wide Dc is 350~800mm, and high Hc is
240~800mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, depth of groove is 5~200mm.
It is further illustrated the present invention with reference to embodiment, rather than the limitation present invention；It is that the present invention is preferred real below
Apply example.
Embodiment 1
Reducing horizontal current improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution as shown in Figure 1, B-B direction structure such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show, A-A to structure as shown in figure 3, in Fig. 3 cathode carbon pieces part cross-section structure as shown in figure 4, including cathode carbon pieces (1) and
Cathode collector bar, cathode carbon pieces shape are cuboid, and bottom surface is equipped with cathode can in an axial direction, and cathode can is coaxial and symmetrical by two
Elongated slot (9) forms, and the top surface of cathode can is equipped with 16 grooves (10)；Two pairs of cathode collector bars are located in two elongated slots (9)；
Each pair of cathode collector bar is made of cathode collector bar I (2) and cathode collector bar II (3)；
Each cathode collector bar is made of barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head (11)；It is top that barred body, which is located at one end in cathode can,
End, it is tail end to be located at one end outside cathode can；Conductive pawl is fixedly mounted on the top of barred body, and 4 are equipped on each conduction pawl
Pawl head (11), each pawl head (11) are located in each groove (10) of cathode can top surface, in groove (10) and the groove (10)
Electric conductor (8) is filled between pawl head (11)；
Pawl head (11) on each cathode collector bar lines up 1 row along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；Two cathode collector bar barred bodies
Top be located at the both sides of cathode can axis；
Barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head (11) on cathode collector bar are structure as a whole；Each pawl head (11) by strut (7) with
Mobile jib (5) connects, and mobile jib (5) and strut (7) and coupling part, that is, cross bar (6) between the two collectively form conductive pawl；
There is at least gap of 8cm between two a pair of cathode collector bars；The barred body of cathode collector bar and conductive pawl with
There is at least gap of 5cm between cathode carbon pieces side wall；
The spacing of two rows of pawl heads and the ratio of the width of cathode can are 1:1.8；Two neighboring pawl head in same row's pawl head
The ratio of spacing and cathode carbon pieces length is 1:9；
The top surface of each pawl head in cathode carbon pieces is located in same level；
Electric conductor is to use ferrophosphorus for raw material, the material being filled in by way of melt casting between pawl head and groove；
The distance between pawl head and groove 20mm；
When being equipped with two pairs of cathode collector bars in cathode can, with two a pair of cathode collector bars barred body tail end with it is same
Negative busbar connection outside a electrolytic cell；
Each pawl head is uniformly distributed along the axis of cathode carbon pieces；
The horizontal cross-section of groove is circle；
By testing and calculating, above structure can significantly decrease the horizontal current in electric tank cathode molten aluminum, improve
The current efficiency of aluminium cell, and reduce the power consumption of aluminium cell.
Embodiment 2
Reducing horizontal current improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution as shown in figure 5, B-B direction structure such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show, to structure as shown in fig. 7, structure is with embodiment 1, difference is A-A：
(1) cathode can is a through slot (14), and the top surface of cathode can is equipped with 6 grooves；Two cathode collector bars are symmetrical
It is arranged in a through slot；3 pawl heads (11) are installed on each conduction pawl；Pawl head on each cathode collector bar is along cathode
The axial direction of carbon block lines up 1 row；
(2) each pawl head (11) of each cathode collector bar is connect by strut (7) with mobile jib (5), mobile jib (5) and strut
(7) and between the two coupling part, that is, cross bar (6) collectively forms conductive pawl；
(3) ratio of the spacing and cathode carbon pieces length of two neighboring pawl head is 1:7；
(4) electric conductor is to use carbonaceous paste for raw material, the material being filled in by way of making firm by ramming between pawl head and groove；
(5) the distance between pawl head and groove 10mm；
(6) horizontal cross-section of groove is ellipse；
By testing and calculating, above structure can significantly decrease the horizontal current in electric tank cathode molten aluminum, improve
The current efficiency of aluminium cell, and reduce the power consumption of aluminium cell.
Embodiment 3
The cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current improvement current distribution is reduced with embodiment 1, difference is：
(1) cathode can is a through slot；Two cathode collector bars are symmetrically disposed in a through slot；Each conduction pawl
On 8 pawl heads (11) are installed；Pawl head (11) on each cathode collector bar lines up 2 rows along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；
(2) each pawl head (11) of each cathode collector bar is connect by strut (7) with mobile jib (5), and strut (7) is located at X-type
The middle part of the end of two level cross bar (12), two level cross bar (12) is connect with the end of cross bar (6), is connected below the middle part of cross bar (6)
Mobile jib (5) is connect, mobile jib (5), cross bar (6), two level cross bar (12) and strut (7) collectively form conductive pawl；The knot of cathode collector bar
Structure is as shown in figure 8, vertical view is as shown in Figure 9；
(3) ratio of the width of the spacing and cathode can of two rows of pawl heads is 1:4；Two neighboring pawl head in same row's pawl head
The ratio of spacing and cathode carbon pieces length is 1:9；
(4) electric conductor is to use TiB2Powder is raw material, and the material between pawl head and groove is filled in by the mode for pricking solid；
(5) the distance between pawl head and groove 40mm；
By testing and calculating, above structure can significantly decrease the horizontal current in electric tank cathode molten aluminum, improve
The current efficiency of aluminium cell, and reduce the power consumption of aluminium cell.
Embodiment 4
The cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current improvement current distribution is reduced with embodiment 1, difference is：
(1) 6 pawl heads (11) are installed on each conductive pawl；Pawl head (11) on each cathode collector bar is along cathode carbon pieces
Axial direction line up 2 rows；
(2) each pawl head (11) of each cathode collector bar is connect by strut (7) with mobile jib (5), and strut (7) is located at X-type
The end of cross bar (6), the middle part lower section connection mobile jib (5) of cross bar (6), mobile jib (5), cross bar (6) and strut (7) are collectively formed and are led
Electric pawl；The structure of cathode collector bar is as shown in Figure 10, and vertical view is as shown in figure 11；
(3) pawl head lines up 2 rows along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces, and the spacing of two rows of pawl heads and the width ratio of cathode can are 1:3；
The ratio of the spacing and cathode carbon pieces length of two neighboring pawl head is 1 in same row's pawl head:12；
(4) the distance between pawl head and groove 30mm；
By testing and calculating, above structure can significantly decrease the horizontal current in electric tank cathode molten aluminum, improve
The current efficiency of aluminium cell, and reduce the power consumption of aluminium cell.
Embodiment 5
The cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current improvement current distribution is reduced with embodiment 1, difference is：
(1) 8 pawl heads (11) are installed on each conductive pawl, pawl head lines up 2 rows along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；
(2) each pawl head (11) of each cathode collector bar is connect by strut (7) with mobile jib (5), and strut (7) is located at X-type
The middle part of the end of two level cross bar (12), two level cross bar (12) is connect with the top of two level mobile jib (13), two level mobile jib (13)
Bottom is connect with the end of cross bar (6), connection mobile jib (5), mobile jib (5), cross bar (6), two level mobile jib below the middle part of cross bar (6)
(13), two level cross bar (12) and strut (7) collectively form conductive pawl；The structure of cathode collector bar is as shown in figure 12, and vertical view is such as
Shown in Figure 13；
(3) pawl head lines up 2 rows along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces, and the spacing of two rows of pawl heads and the width ratio of cathode can are 1:4；
The ratio of the spacing and cathode carbon pieces length of two neighboring pawl head is 1 in same row's pawl head:15；
By testing and calculating, above structure can significantly decrease the horizontal current in electric tank cathode molten aluminum, improve
The current efficiency of aluminium cell, and reduce the power consumption of aluminium cell.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of horizontal current that reduces improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, including cathode carbon pieces and cathode conduction
Stick, cathode carbon pieces shape are cuboid, and bottom surface is equipped with cathode can in an axial direction, cathode can be a through slot or by two it is coaxial and
Symmetrical elongated slot composition, the top surface of cathode can are equipped with several grooves；It is characterized in that：Two cathode collector bars or two pairs of cathodes are led
Torch is located in a through slot, or is located in two elongated slots；Each cathode collector bar is by barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head
Composition；It is top that barred body, which is located at one end in cathode can, and it is tail end to be located at one end outside cathode can；Conductive pawl is fixedly mounted on stick
The top of body is each equipped with 3 with dewclaw head on conduction pawl, and each pawl head is located in each groove of cathode can top surface, recessed
Electric conductor is filled between pawl head in slot and the groove；When having two pairs of cathode collector bars in a cathode can, each pair of cathode
The pawl head on each cathode collector bar in conductive rod lines up 1 row along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；When in a cathode can only two
When a cathode collector bar, the pawl head on each cathode collector bar lines up 1 row or 2 rows along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces；Wherein each pair of the moon
The top of two cathode collector bar barred bodies in the conductive rod of pole is located at the both sides of cathode can axis.
2. a kind of horizontal current that reduces according to claim 1 improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, special
Sign is that barred body, conductive pawl and pawl head on the cathode collector bar are structure as a whole；Each pawl head of each cathode collector bar
It is connect with mobile jib by strut, mobile jib and strut and coupling part between the two collectively form conductive pawl.
3. a kind of horizontal current that reduces according to claim 1 improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, special
Sign is when being equipped with two pairs of cathode collector bars in cathode can, with having between two a pair of cathode collector bars between at least 3cm
Gap；There is at least gap of 4cm between the barred body of cathode collector bar in cathode can and conductive pawl and cathode carbon pieces side wall.
4. a kind of horizontal current that reduces according to claim 1 improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, special
Sign is that the ratio of the spacing and cathode carbon pieces length of two neighboring pawl head in the pawl head described in same row is 1:(3~20)；When
When pawl head lines up 2 row along the axial direction of cathode carbon pieces, the ratio of the spacing of two rows of pawl heads and the width of cathode can is 1:(1.5~5).
5. a kind of horizontal current that reduces according to claim 1 improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, special
Sign is that the electric conductor is using carbonaceous paste, TiB2Powder or ferrophosphorus are raw material, by prick it is solid, make firm by ramming or the side of melt casting
Formula is filled in the material between pawl head and groove.
6. a kind of horizontal current that reduces according to claim 1 improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, special
Sign is the distance between the pawl head and groove in 2~60mm, preferably 10~40mm..
7. a kind of horizontal current that reduces according to claim 1 improves the cathode structure of aluminium cell of current distribution, special
Sign is that the horizontal cross-section of the groove is round, rectangular, oval or with fillet rectangle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810579791.6A CN108396333B (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | Aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure capable of reducing horizontal current and improving current distribution |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810579791.6A CN108396333B (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | Aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure capable of reducing horizontal current and improving current distribution |
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| CN108396333B CN108396333B (en) | 2020-05-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114016088A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-08 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Anode carbon block group, aluminum electrolysis equipment and preparation method of anode carbon block group |
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| CN101545118A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Method for reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN101665958A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2010-03-10 | 郭龙 | Connection method of cathode carbon blocks and cathode steel bars of aluminum electrolytic cells and construction thereof |
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| CN201141044Y (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2008-10-29 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Structure for eliminating horizontal current in aluminum liquid in aluminum cell |
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| CN114016088A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-08 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Anode carbon block group, aluminum electrolysis equipment and preparation method of anode carbon block group |
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