CN1083950C - 带控制件的恒速固定接头 - Google Patents

带控制件的恒速固定接头 Download PDF

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CN1083950C
CN1083950C CN98122606A CN98122606A CN1083950C CN 1083950 C CN1083950 C CN 1083950C CN 98122606 A CN98122606 A CN 98122606A CN 98122606 A CN98122606 A CN 98122606A CN 1083950 C CN1083950 C CN 1083950C
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constant speed
internals
speed permanent
outer part
permanent joint
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CN1218151A (zh
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阿西姆雅各
沃纳雅各
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GKN Driveline Deutschland GmbH
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GKN Loebro GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/04—Friction clutches with means for actuating or keeping engaged by a force derived at least partially from one of the shafts to be connected
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/108—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members
    • F16D27/112—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D27/115—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/295—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using multiple means for force boosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/30—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22303—Details of ball cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/2232—Elements arranged in the hollow space between the end of the inner shaft and the outer joint member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/06—Lubrication details not provided for in group F16D13/74
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/004—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/30—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means
    • F16H48/34—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means using electromagnetic or electric actuators
    • F16H2048/346—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means using electromagnetic or electric actuators using a linear motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/12—Differential gearings without gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/22—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using friction clutches or brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19005—Nonplanetary gearing differential type [e.g., gearless differentials]

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种恒速固定接头，它包括一外件、一内件、一壳体和由壳体引导于外件的外滑行槽与内件的内滑行槽之间的诸球，内件在径向方向上完全由球相对于外件保持着，并在一侧由球支承，在另一侧由一控制件支承，该控制件支承于内件上，并支承于一与外件相联的支承件上。除了这种有利的支承条件，还可通过减摩擦装置来减小摩擦，该减摩擦装置例如是润滑槽，因而可实现流体动力的润滑条件，对于控制件实现相对于支承件的高滑动速度非常有利。

Description

带控制件的恒速固定接头
本发明涉及一种恒速固定接头，它包括一外件、一内件、一壳体、球体和一控制件。外件包括一第一纵轴线和一中心位于其上的腔室，外件的内表面具有诸外滑行槽，这些槽围绕第一纵轴线沿圆周方向分布。内件包括一第二纵轴线，并在其外表面上具有围绕所述第二纵轴线分布的诸内滑行槽。内滑行槽的数量与外滑行槽的数量相对应，内滑行槽与外滑行槽相对而设置。而且，内件具有一外球形面。外滑行槽和内滑行槽成对地彼此相对设置，它们相对于相关的纵轴线而设置在子午面内，并以不切到底的方式从一第一接头端延伸。壳体具有一中空的球形局部表面，利用该表面，壳体可引导于内件的外球形表面上。壳体具有孔口，它们根据外滑行槽和内滑行槽而沿圆周方向分布，可容纳球体，这些球体与相对的滑行槽相配合，用于传递扭矩。为此，它们从壳体径向朝外和朝内突出，控制件在一侧支承于内件上，在另一侧支承于一支承件上。
DE 42 08 786 C1描述了这样一种恒速固定接头，其中控制件包括一球形控制面，该控制面与内件的一腔室相配合，该腔室中心位于第二纵轴线上。该腔室形成一中空的球形接触面，球形控制面搁靠于该腔室。而且，控制件包括一相对于第一纵轴线呈直角延伸的表面，该表面将控制件支撑于外件的一相应延伸的表面上，而使其相对于第一纵轴线径向可调。在壳体的外表面与外件的腔室的内表面之间没有接触面。按这种方式，当球体传递扭矩时，任何导入内件的热量只能传递一小段距离到达控制件与内件之间的滑动区。
US 5 453 052描述了一种恒速固定接头，其中外件和内件具有容纳扭矩传递球的滑行槽，这些滑行槽以不切到底的方式从一孔口端延伸。利用其球形外表面，壳体被沿一个方向支撑于诸支承件上，这些支承件在孔口端的区域中固定于外件。支承件设置在两个沿圆周方向邻接的外滑行槽之间的区域中。它们以楔入状延伸到外件的腔室的内表面的圆柱形部分与壳体的球形外表面之间的间隙中。内件沿与上述方向相反的方向支撑于一球形的碟状保持件，该保持件搁置于外件的腔室中的一球杯的一球形外表面。否则，壳体的外表面与外件之间没有接触。接触仅限制于固定至外件的支承件。壳体与内件的外表面之间没有接触。因此，在扭矩作用下，因为外件和内件受相反方向的载荷，意味着被移动分开，所以壳体并不在外件的纵轴线的方向上支承于内件，而仅仅支承于小支承件上，并通过保持件支承于外件。这种设计会导致较高的载荷，并且由于支承件的设计，导致相当大的摩擦。
本发明的目的在于提供一种低摩擦恒速固定接头，其操作过程中的损耗相应地较低。
按照本发明，该目的是通过提供这样一种恒速固定接头来实现，其中，外导轨和内导轨是以不切到底的方式在子午面内从一共用的第一接头端延伸，球体是支承于设置在第一接头端附近的孔口的孔口表面上。壳体的外表面相对于外件的腔室的内表面而设置成在它们之间在整个联接范围上存在一段距离。
此外，控制件具有一球形控制表面和一导向表面。提出的支承件包括一中空的球形接触表面，控制件利用其控制表面而支撑于该接触表面。而且，控制件利用其导向表面而支承于内件的一支承表面上。该支承表面设置成使内件的第二纵轴线垂直定位于其上。支承件固定于外件或固定于一连接于外件的构件。控制件和支承件朝着第一接头端而设置，从该接头端外滑行槽和内滑行槽以不切到底的方式延伸。
这种设计的优点在于，传递扭矩所产生的力在联接的所有角度之下均有利地通过控制件和支承件来支承。与控制件是支撑于内件的一中空的球形表面的组件相比，还存在一个优点，即可以减少内件上必须进行精确制造的表面的数量。而且，与这种低摩擦接头相比，可进一步减少摩擦量。由于支承仅提供在一个方向上，并没有膨胀效应，因而可获得顺畅的导向条件，使得不会有卡死的危险。因此，可以考虑产生结构公差，有利地将诸构件在径向方向上相互之间进行设置。外滑行槽和内滑行槽的形状，尤其是它们从第一接头端朝第二接头端延伸的方式，进行这样的选择，即在所有联接角度状态下，球体在受扭矩作用时始终对壳体施加一个力，意味着对靠近第一接头端的、上面支承有球体的孔口表面施加一个载荷。通过这种方式，可确保壳体通过其中空球形表面始终与内件的外球形表面相接触。在径向方向上相对于外件的定中心完全由球体来实现，在轴向方向上，内壳体组件和控制件相对于外件的定位是通过将它们支承于固定至外件的支承件上来实现。通过相对于理论转动中心对构件分类和确定尺寸，可以确保所有的构件互相配合，使它们尽可能地接近它们的操作表面相对于理论接头转动中心的最佳对齐状态。
按照本发明的另一实施例，建议控制件为碟形。按这种方式，可以实现一种能通过非切削成形方法进行经济有效生产的构件，该构件具有可重复的高精度。
支承件也可以是一由金属板形成的零件。最好将其牢固地连接于外件，因而可实现一预装配的组件。
除了可实现的有利的支承条件，还可以在控制表面和接触表面之间提供减摩擦装置。
对于一第一实施例，建议该减摩擦装置包括呈环形的润滑槽，它们通过润滑孔连接于一润滑剂贮槽。控制件的碟形腔室可以用作润滑剂贮槽。
该实施例的优点在于，当接头在联接状态下转动时，在所述控制表面和接触表面之间可以实现较高的滑动速度。通过在润滑槽与外件和内件彼此互相对齐时在控制表面和接触表面间发生表面接触的区域之间选择合适的表面系数，所述高滑动速度可造成流体动力的润滑条件。这就是说，摩擦量小到可以忽略的程度，也就意味着，总的说来，可以实现较长的使用寿命，并将任何传递损耗减小到最低限度。这还可以确保高效率，这也就意味着所产生的热量较少，因而可以用较便宜的润滑脂来润滑该恒速固定接头，诸如那些用于滚动接触轴承的润滑脂。
或者，减摩擦装置可以采取滚动接触轴承的形式，它包括一引导轴承球的轴承保持架，轴承球由轴承保持架滚动地保持于控制表面和接触表面之间。按这种方式，可实现类似于滚动接触轴承的支承条件和摩擦条件。
如果将轴承保持架连接于壳体，可实现尤为有利的条件，因而由壳体控制的轴承保持架必定跟随壳体一起移动。
附图中图示了本发明的两个较佳实施例，其中：
图1是本发明的恒速固定接头的第一实施例在对齐位置的纵向剖视图，它在控制件和支承件之间具有摩擦轴承装置。
图2是本发明的恒速固定接头的另一实施例的纵向剖视图，它在控制件和支承件之间具有滚动接触轴承装置。
图1示出了本发明的恒速固定接头的第一实施例，它具有一外件1，该外件呈金属板零件的形式，包括一腔室2，腔室的最大孔口宽度朝第一接头端7设置。腔室2由内表面3和从第一接头端7开始并沿圆周方向分布的外滑行槽5所限定，该从第一接头端7开始的外滑行槽5以不切到底的方式延伸，并设置在相对于接头外件1的第一纵轴线4的子午面内。而且，该接头外件朝向第一接头端7包括一向外延伸的凸缘6。朝第二接头端8，该接头外件1包括一减小的横截面，其外表面具有一用于固定一回旋状的护罩的大直径的支座表面11，该回旋状的护罩的小直径将被固定于一用虚线表示的、延伸到第二接头端8以外的轴12上。
外件1的腔室8容纳有一内件9，该内件在图中表示成其第二纵轴线10与第一纵轴线4重合。该接头处于对齐状态，即联接角为0°。朝第一接头端7，内件9包括用作一支承表面13的端表面，该表面设置成第二纵轴线10垂直定位于一由支承表面13形成的面上。在内件9的外表面中设置有沿圆周方向分布的内滑行槽14，使得始终一内滑行槽14设置成与一外滑行槽5相对，从而形成诸对。内滑行槽14也设置在子午面内，它们的导轨底部设计成从第一接头端7开始不切到底。而且，内件9在其朝第二接头端8延伸的外表面上包括一外球形表面15，该球形表面的中心位于理论接头转动中心O上。内件9还具有一带齿孔16，它的中心位于第二纵轴线10上，其作用是接纳一带相应齿的轴12。此外，设置有一保持件17，它可储存润滑外球形表面15所需的润滑剂。
保持件17与一壳体18部分重叠，该壳体在其内部包括一中空的球形局部表面21，通过它壳体18被引导于外球形表面15上。而且，壳体18具有孔口19，它们根据内滑行槽14和外滑行槽5对而沿圆周方向分布，用于容纳球体23，这些球体径向朝内和朝外地突出壳体18，并与外滑行槽5和内滑行槽14相配合。当球体23传递扭矩时，由于球体23支承于孔口19靠近第一接头端7的孔口表面20上，壳体18通过其中空的球形局部表面21而保持与内件9的外球形表面15相接触，并且，由于从第一接头端7开始的不切到底的导轨形状，球体23向右朝第一接头端的方向对壳体18施加载荷。在整个联接范围上，即在内件9和外件1相互之间所能采取的所有联接位置上，在壳体18的外表面22和外件1的内表面3之间始终存在一段距离。这意味着内件9和壳体18所构成的组件借助球体23而相对于外件1径向定中心。内件9通过其支承表面13支承于一碟形控制件24的一环形导向表面27上，该控制件包括一球杯部分25和一圆柱形部分26。在内件9和控制件24之间，在互相支承的表面上，即支承表面13和导向表面27上可以径向调节。控制件24的球形控制表面28具有润滑槽32、33，它们通过沿圆周方向分布的润滑孔30、31而连接于一在控制件24内由杯形所形成的、充满润滑剂的润滑剂贮槽29。在所示的实施例的情况下，控制表面28中压有两个环形润滑槽32、33。控制件24具有一中央通孔34，在接头的对齐状态，相对它在一支承件35的球杯形接触表面36上设置有一相应的凹陷37，该接触表面36另外由控制件24通过其球形控制表面28接触。支承件35通过一凸缘38固定于外件1的凸缘6。球形控制表面28的中心和支承件35的中空球形接触表面36的中心也位于恒速固定接头的理论转动中心O上。通过选择环形润滑剂槽32、33的合适的表面系数以及控制表面28和接触表面36相互之间合适的半径比，并考虑到当接头处于联接状态并转动时，由于控制件24通过相对于支承件35的整个联接范围，因而可实现较高的滑动速度，从而可以实现流体动力的润滑条件。此外，通过设置凹陷37和通孔34，可确保在控制表面28和接触表面36之间的接触区域中不会发生自抑制。
图2示出了本发明的恒速万向接头的另一实施例的纵向剖视图，该接头具有外件1’，该外件中形成有一具有内表面3’的腔室2’。外件1’包括第一纵轴线4’，外滑行槽5’围绕该轴线而分布于腔室2’的内表面3’上。外滑行槽5’以不切到底的方式从第一接头端7’延伸。而且，在第一接头端7’处，外件1’具有一凸缘6’，该凸缘用于将外件1’连接于一驱动或被驱动构件。与图1实施例的情况一样，外件1’为一成形的金属板件。它还包括一支座表面11，用于固定一回旋状护罩。第二接头端8’用于引入轴12’，该轴由虚线表示。内件9’容纳于腔室2’中，它包括第二纵轴线10’，外件1’和内件9’图示成它们的纵轴线4’和10’彼此重合。朝着第一接头端7’，内件9’包括一支承表面13’，该表面设置成使第二纵轴线10’垂直设置于一由所述支承表面13’所形成的平面上。从支承表面13’，也就是从第一接头端7’，延伸有加工到内件9’的外表面中的内滑行槽14’。与外滑行槽5’一样，内滑行槽14’延伸于相对于相关纵轴线4’和10’的子午面内。不切到底是指，从支承表面13’开始，内滑行槽14’的导轨底部离开相关纵轴线10’而朝第二接头端8’延伸。与其相比，外滑行槽5’的导轨底部是从第一接头端7’开始，朝相关第一纵轴线4’的第二接头端8’延伸。外件1’是一成形金属板件，而内件9’是一实心件，它也可用非切削成形方法制造。在其外表面上，内件9’包括一朝第二接头端8’设置的外球形表面15’。而且，内件9’包括一带齿孔16’，该孔的中心位于其第二纵轴线10’上，用于以快转方式连接轴12’。此外，设置有一保持件17’，用于将一润滑剂贮槽集中在外球形表面15’附近，以确保其充分的润滑。将被分开的保持件17’固定于轴12’。它延伸在壳体18’的外表面22’上，该壳体通过一中空的球形局部表面21’滑动地引导于外球形表面15’上。壳体18’具有孔口19’，它们根据诸外滑行槽5’和内滑行槽14’对沿圆周方向分布，用于容纳扭矩传递球23’，这些球各与一外滑行槽5’和内滑行槽14’相配合，并在所有联接位置支撑于朝第一接头端7’的孔口表面20’，以使壳体18’通过其中空球形局部表面21’与内件9’的外球形表面15’相接触。保持在壳体18’的外表面22’与外件1’的内表面3’之间提供一空间，与接头联接无关，外件1’和壳体18’之间不会发生接触。内件9’通过其支承表面13’支撑于一控制件24’的圆柱形部分26’的导向表面27’，该导向表面27’设计成一环形表面。由金属板制成的所述碟形控制件24’另外包括一球杯形球碟部分25’，其控制表面28’构成一中心位于理论接头转动中心O’上的球形表面。壳体18’的孔口19’和孔口表面20’设置成使球23’的中心也位于一包含理论转动中心O’的平面内。控制表面28’用作保持在轴承保持架39中的轴承球40的滑行表面。轴承保持架39包括一定中心突起41，轴承保持架通过这突起而在朝第一接头端7’延伸的部位内保持于壳体18’的一定中心表面42上，因而当外件1’和内件9’相互联接时，轴承保持架39所执行的联接角是壳体18’执行的联接角的一半。轴承球40支撑于一支承件35’的球杯形接触表面36’，该支承件通过一凸缘38’连接于外件1’的凸缘6’。呈中空球形状的接触表面36’的中心也定心于理论转动中心O’上。在装配过程中，可以这样来选择待装配零件和它们各自的工作表面，使它们可确保一种组合，其中球23’允许恒速固定接头绕一尽可能靠近理论转动中心O’的中心联接。通过选择滚动接触轴承装置，还可显著减少摩擦，这是因为扭矩传递所造成的力和由控制件24’导入支承件35’的力在由滚动接触轴承支承的同时也可以被传递。
上述的接头最好用于机动车的传动系统中，也就是说，它们既可用于前驱动部件和后轮之间的传动轴中，也可用于从差速机构连到驱动轮的侧轴中。所述接头的特点在于其较长的使用寿命和较低的摩擦损耗。

Claims (8)

1.一种恒速固定接头，它具有：一外件(1，1’)，该外件包括一第一纵轴线(4，4’)和一具有诸外滑行槽(5，5’)的腔室(2，2’)；一设置在腔室(2，2’)中的内件(9，9’)，该内件包括一第二纵轴线(10，10’)，其外表面具有诸内滑行槽(14，14’)，外滑行槽(5，5’)与内滑行槽(14，14’)成对地彼此相对而设置在子午面中，并以不切到底的方式从一第一接头端(7，7’)延伸；一壳体(18，18’)，它通过一中空的球形局部表面(21，21’)支承于内件(9，9’)的一相应的外球形表面(15，15’)，并包括根据各由一外滑行槽(5，5’)和一内滑行槽(14，14’)构成的诸对槽而分布的孔口(19，19’)；引导于孔口(19，19’)中的诸球(23，23’)，每个球支承于靠近第一接头端(7，7’)的孔口表面(20，20’)，壳体(18，18’)的外表面(22，22’)在内接头件(9，9’)相对于外接头件(1，1’)的整个联接范围上与腔室(2，2’)的内表面(3，3’)隔开一段距离；一控制件(24，24’)，它具有一球形控制表面(28，28’)和一导向表面(27，27’)；以及一支承件(35，35’)，它包括一中空的球形接触表面(36，36’)，控制件(24，24’)通过其导向表面(27，27’)支承于内件(9，9’)的一支承表面(13，13’)上，第二纵轴线(10，10’)在该支承表面上定位成直角，并且控制件通过其控制表面(28，28’)支承于接触表面(36，36’)，支承件(35，35’)又固定于外件(1，1’)或固定于一连接于它的构件，控制件(24，24’)和支承件(35，35’)朝第一接头端(7，7’)而设置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，控制件(24，24’)呈碟形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，支承件(35，35’)是一由金属板制成的、连接于外件(1，1’)的零件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，在控制表面(28，28’)和接触表面(36，36’)之间设置减摩擦装置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，减摩擦装置包括润滑槽(32，33)，并通过润滑孔(30，31)连接于一润滑剂贮槽(29)。
6.根据权利要求2所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，呈碟形的腔室用作润滑剂贮槽(29)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，减摩擦装置采取滚动接触轴承的形式，它包括一引导轴承球(40)用的轴承保持架(39)，这些轴承球由所述轴承保持架保持在控制表面(28’)和接触表面(36’)之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的恒速固定接头，其特征在于，轴承保持架(39)连接于壳体(18’)。
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CN1218151A (zh) 1999-06-02
US6350202B1 (en) 2002-02-26
DE19751493C1 (de) 1999-07-22
IT1302634B1 (it) 2000-09-29
FR2771144A1 (fr) 1999-05-21
ITMI982172A1 (it) 1999-05-21
GB2331572A (en) 1999-05-26
JPH11218146A (ja) 1999-08-10
GB9824730D0 (en) 1999-01-06
ES2145723B1 (es) 2001-01-01
GB2331572B (en) 1999-10-13
FR2771144B1 (fr) 2001-05-18
KR100310265B1 (ko) 2002-08-08
ES2145723A1 (es) 2000-07-01
BR9804711A (pt) 1999-11-23
JP2990513B2 (ja) 1999-12-13
KR19990045415A (ko) 1999-06-25

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