CN108393499A - A kind of device and method that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder - Google Patents
A kind of device and method that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN108393499A CN108393499A CN201810453622.8A CN201810453622A CN108393499A CN 108393499 A CN108393499 A CN 108393499A CN 201810453622 A CN201810453622 A CN 201810453622A CN 108393499 A CN108393499 A CN 108393499A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the device that a kind of high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, including：Powder kettle processed；Plasmatorch spray gun is inserted into the powder kettle processed, and the plasmatorch spray gun is provided with fumarole along its axial direction；Wire-feed motor is equipped with wire feed connector, and is sent metal wire material to the plasmatorch spray gun by the wire feed connector；Powder basin is contained, is arranged in the bottom of the powder kettle processed, for collecting the globular metallic powder generated in the powder kettle processed.It can prepare the smaller spherical metal powder of grain size and yield is higher.The present invention also provides a kind of method that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, the spherical powder that grain size is 15~53 μm and generally solid can be prepared, stability is good, and yield is higher；A diameter of 15~53 μm in gained spherical powder of spherical metal powder proportion can also be controlled, obtain more excellent preparation parameter, improve preparation efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to powder metallurgical technologies, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of high energy and high speed plasma systems
The device and method of standby globular metallic powder.
Background technology
With the development of science and technology, the application of metal 3D printing technique is more and more extensive, some large-scale titanium alloy abnormity knots
Component such as aircraft keel can only utilize 3D printing technique to manufacture.High-purity small particle (15~53 μm) sized spherical titanium powder is 3D printing
Raw material, powder property have great influence to product quality.In addition the performance of titanium powder is to determine titanium or titanium alloy powder smelting
The key factor of golden quality of item.It is to solve marine settings corrosion-resistant effective way to prepare titanium coating using the method for thermal spraying,
But currently without the dedicated cheap spherical titanium powder of thermal spraying.
The method that the 1950s, American invention HDH method produced titanium valve, in the 1970s, rotation electrode
Centrifugal atomizing prepares titanium valve technology and reaches its maturity.Preparing spherical titanium and the main method of Titanium Powder at present has：Gas atomization (GA
Method), plasma rotating electrode process (PREP methods) and radio frequency plasma nodularization method (RFP methods).
(1) gas atomization is divided into inert gas atomizer method and ultrasonic atomizatio method.
1. it is that the method for mainstream, used raw material are the most both at home and abroad at present that inert gas atomizer method, which prepares sized spherical titanium powder,
The titanium or titanium alloy bar of certain specification.Fuel rod is melted in crucible, by the nozzle of crucible bottom by the melt of generation
With high-speed gas injection, it is in spray form to make molten metal, and condensation forms sized spherical titanium powder.The advanced high temperature knot in Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material
Structure material national defence key lab has introduced cold wall crucible vacuum induction melting argon gas atomising device from PSI companies of Britain, mainly
Preparation and research for inert gas atomizer titanium valve.The characteristics of powder prepared using this method is powder diameter distribution
Wider, fine powder recovery rate is higher, and the composition tolerances of powdered ingredients and master alloy bar are smaller, and impurity element can obtain very well
Control.But since aeroponics are during preparing titanium valve, the cooling speed of the different sized particles of cooled droplet formation
Degree is different, causes sphericity poor, planet particle is more；When on the other hand due to gas breaking metal liquid stream inevitably
Hollow powders are generated, these hollow powders remain in follow-up powder metallurgy process, can cause the internal flaw of material.In addition,
The plasticity index of the block materials obtained after hot isostatic pressing using titanium valve made of this method is relatively low, and wanting for forging is not achieved
It asks.
Another gas-atomized powder method that 2. ultrasonic atomizatio powder, which is developed recently, to get up, there are mainly two types of the technologies：
One kind can convert high-frequency electromagnetic oscillation to liquid machine vibration, and droplet is made to be crushed mist formation；Another kind can flow through super
Thin drop layer is formed in radiating surface when sound amplitude transformer, thin drop layer evokes capillary wave under the action of ultrasonic vibration, when
When the amplitude of vibration plane reaches certain peak value, droplet splashes to form mist from wave crest, is made using ultrasonic atomizatio method
The grain size of spherical powder be inversely proportional with supersonic frequency, the working frequency of ultrasound atomization system is higher, obtained spherical powder
Granularity is smaller.Zhang Shuguang of Beijing Non-Fervoous Metal Inst. etc., Active Ultrasonics companies of Switzerland and German Research people
Member is successively prepared for powder any surface finish using the technology, and 10~45 μm of grain size, oxygen content is low, and satellite particle is few, good sphericity
Titanium powder, but this technology still can not solve the problems, such as hollow powders.
(2) plasma rotating electrode process
Consutrode is made in metal or alloy, electrode end surface is molten into liquid by electric arc heated, passes through electrode high speed
Liquid is dished out and is ground into fine drop by the centrifugal force of rotation, and the method for being finally condensed into powder is exactly rotary electrode method.This
Kind milling method was succeeded in developing in 1974 by U.S.'s core metal company first, can be according to the size and electrode of arc-plasma current
The grain size of rotation speed regulating and controlling powder.China Beijing iron and steel research institute and space material technical study took the lead in having introduced Russia in 1998
The plasma rotating electrode equipment of Ross, and carried out the preparation research work of sized spherical titanium powder.Currently, domestic independent research goes out
It can be used for preparing the plasma rotating electrode equipment of sized spherical titanium powder.Wherein, the DXD-50 types etc. that Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering manufactures
The advantages of ion rotary-atomizing powder manufacturing apparatus is examined by producing, and operation of putting into production, the plasma rotating electrode process
It is prepared powder without hollow-core construction, it is preferable and without the titanium alloy powder of planet particle that sphericity can be prepared.But disadvantage
It is that the granularity of titanium valve focuses mostly at 106~246 μm, the recovery rate less than 106 μm of sized spherical titanium powder is relatively low.It can not prepare less than 45
μm sized spherical titanium powder.
(3) radio frequency plasma nodularization method
Radio frequency plasma nodularization method is to carry out sensing heating, production to various gases using the induction effect of radio frequency electromagnetic field
Raw radio frequency plasma melts aspherical powder using the plasma of high temperature, the powder particle of melting under surface tension effects,
Under high temperature gradient, rapid condensation forms the very high droplet of sphericity, and obtains spherical powder.Canadian TEKNA
The radio frequency plasma powder handling system of company's exploitation is currently in rank first, the said firm utilized radio frequency etc. from
Sub- technology realizes the spheroidising of the metal powders such as Ti, W, Mo, Ta, Ni, Cu.University of Science ＆ Technology, Beijing is in national high-tech research
Under the support of development plan, domestic First water-cooled quartz radio frequency plasma powder handling system, southwest science and technology are had developed
Loyal great waves of Gu of university etc. utilized radio frequency plasma nodularization method in 2009, by the amount of feeding, the powder processed that control aspherical titanium valve
Mode, cooling velocity etc. have prepared the preferable titanium valve of sphericity.It is that sphericity can be improved that the technology, which prepares titanium valve, preferably
Improve the mobility of powder；The slit inside particle can be eliminated, powder shatter value is improved；Particle surface pattern can suitably be changed,
Improve the purity of powder.But the disadvantage is that the Oxygen potential highest of powder only has 85%, and need by repeatedly screening, production efficiency compared with
Low, cost is higher, during preparing sized spherical titanium powder, due to factors such as melting collision, vaporization recrystallizations, can lead to a fixed number
The bulky grain of amount is formed, therefore cannot be excessive by the aspherical powder particle of nodularization.
Gas atomization, which prepares titanium valve, in summary can not solve the problems, such as hollow powder；Titanium prepared by plasma rotating electrode process
Powder diameter is excessive, can not prepare titanium powder of the grain size less than 53 μm for being most appropriate to 3D printing and thermal spraying；Radio frequency plasma
Nodularization method prepares the less efficient of titanium valve, and of high cost, powder price is higher.
Invention content
The device of globular metallic powder, energy are prepared it is an object of the invention to design and develop a kind of high energy and high speed plasma
It enough prepares the smaller spherical metal powder of grain size and yield is higher.
It is an object of the invention to design and develop a kind of method that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, energy
It is 15~53 μm of spherical powder and generally solid enough to prepare grain size, and stability is good, and yield is higher.
Another object of the present invention can also be to a diameter of 15~53 μm of spherical metal powder institute in gained spherical powder
Accounting is controlled again, obtains more excellent preparation parameter, improves preparation efficiency.
Technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of high energy and high speed plasma prepares the device of globular metallic powder, including：
Powder kettle processed；And
Plasmatorch spray gun is inserted into the powder kettle processed, and the plasmatorch spray gun is provided with fumarole along its axial direction；
Wire-feed motor is equipped with wire feed connector, and is sent metal wire material to the plasmatorch by the wire feed connector and sprayed
At rifle；
Powder basin is contained, is arranged in the bottom of the powder kettle processed, for collecting the spherical metal powder generated in the powder kettle processed
End.
Preferably, the plasmatorch spray gun is provided with wire feed hole radially at the front, and the wire-feed motor leads to metal wire material
The wire feed hole is crossed to be sent into the plasmatorch spray gun.
Preferably, plasmatorch spray gun front end is radially provided with wire-feeding pipe, and the wire-feed motor leads to metal wire material
It crosses the wire-feeding pipe and is sent into plasmatorch spray gun front end.
Preferably, further include：
Power supply is connect with the plasmatorch spray gun；
Electrode cable, one end are connect with the wire feed connector, and the other end is connect with the power supply, are used for the metal
Silk material is powered.
Preferably, the powder kettle processed is horizontal powder kettle processed, and inner horizontal is provided with semi-cylindrical and contains powder basin, the Sheng
The length of powder basin is consistent with the inner length of powder kettle processed, highly 1/3 for the powder kettle height processed
Preferably, the powder kettle processed is vertical powder kettle processed, be provided with below it is cylindrical contain powder drum, the powder kettle processed and
It is provided between Sheng powder drum and unloads powder valve.
Preferably, further include：
First row air-lock is arranged in the powder kettle top processed portion；
Grade one filter, setting are exported in the first row air-lock, and the outlet of the grade one filter is divided into first and goes out
Mouthful and second outlet, be connected with secondary filter and tertiary filter at the first outlet in turn, connect at the second outlet
It is connected to second row air-lock；
Cooling device, setting are exported in the tertiary filter；
Level-one booster and two-stage supercharger are successively set on the exit of the cooling device；
High pressure gas holder is arranged in the two-stage supercharger exit, for collecting, cycling and reutilization working gas.
Preferably, further include cooling water pipe, disk is on the powder kettle inner wall processed in a spiral manner, and is divided into three sections of cloth
Set the powder kettle inner wall processed before, during and after.
Preferably, the powder kettle inner wall processed and the Sheng powder basin are stainless steel.
Preferably, the grade one filter is cyclone type, and secondary filter and tertiary filter are cloth-bag type.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of method that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, including it is as follows
Step：
Step 1：Air pressure in powder kettle processed is evacuated to 1 × 10-5~10Pa, for then anti-argon gas of filling out to normal pressure, repetition is counter to fill out argon
Gas 3 times；
Step 2：Power supply makes to generate plasma flame flow in plasmatorch spray gun, and the voltage for controlling plasmatorch is 30~
230V, electric current are 200~1000A, and the flow of inert gas is 50~400L/min；
Step 3：Wire-feed motor is sent metal wire material to plasmatorch spray gun with the speed of 0.2~20m/min, and metal wire material is not
It is powered, the plasma flame flow heating fusing metal wire material in plasmatorch spray gun is atomized, nodularization molten drop simultaneously at molten drop, is penetrated
The molten drop gone out flies in powder kettle processed, natural cooling, solidification, drops to bottom and contains in powder basin, the air pressure controlled in powder kettle processed is small
In equal to 0.5MPa.
Preferably, the step 3 further includes：Metal wire material is powered, the plasmatorch spray gun and metal wire material shape
At electric arc, fusing metal wire material is at molten drop, the plasma flame flow atomization, nodularization molten drop.
Preferably, further include that the step 2 and the step 3 are adjusted：Adjust wire feed rate, plasmatorch
Voltage, electric current and gas flow control a diameter of 15~53 μm in gained spherical powder of spherical powder proportion：
Wherein, the spherical powder proportion that ε is a diameter of 15~53 μm, ξ are correction coefficient and the category with metal wire material
Related, the U of propertygFor the voltage of plasmatorch, IgFor the electric current of plasmatorch, QgaFor the gas stream of argon gas in plasmatorch spray gun
Amount, QghFor the gas flow of helium in plasmatorch spray gun, ρ is the density of metal wire material, QpFor the wire feed rate of metal wire material,
DpFor the diameter of metal wire material, TmFor the fusing point of metal wire material.
Preferably, the voltage of the plasmatorch is 170V, electric current 850A；Argon gas in the plasmatorch spray gun
Gas flow is 320L/min, and the wire feed rate of the metal wire material is 8m/min.
Preferably, the voltage of the plasmatorch is 100V, electric current 650A；Argon gas in the plasmatorch spray gun
Gas flow is 320L/min；The wire feed rate of the metal wire material is 4m/min.
Preferably, the voltage of the plasmatorch is 130V, electric current 800A；Argon gas in the plasmatorch spray gun
Gas flow is 160L/min, and the gas flow of helium is 53L/min；The wire feed rate of the metal wire material is 4m/min.
Preferably, in the step 3 when air pressure is more than 0.5MPa in powder kettle processed, opening first row air-lock makes powder kettle processed
Interior air pressure is less than or equal to 0.5MPa.
Preferably, after powder processed, after discharge powder gas reactor processed is down to normal pressure, powder kettle processed is opened, takes out and contains powder basin
And sub-sieve contains the powder in powder basin, obtains different-grain diameter spherical powder.
Preferably, the wire is titanium silk, aluminium wire, tungsten filament, molybdenum filament, copper wire or tantalum wire.
Preferably, the inert gas be argon gas, helium and nitrogen in one kind, two or three.
It is of the present invention to have the beneficial effect that：
(1) high energy and high speed plasma of the present invention prepares the device of globular metallic powder, and it is smaller can to prepare grain size
Spherical metal powder and yield it is higher, up to 95% or more, and powder is essentially solid, and satellite ball is seldom.
(2) pulverizing process realizes recycling for gas, and powder processed is at low cost, and stream time is long, stability it is good and
Do not glue mouth.
(3) method that high energy and high speed plasma of the present invention prepares globular metallic powder, it is 15 that can prepare grain size
~53 μm of spherical powder and generally solid, stability is good, and yield is higher, can reach 95% or more, and preparation efficiency is higher, most
Height can reach 20kg/h (raw material is titanium silk), and cost is relatively low；The spherical powder for preparing that grain size is 15~53 μm can also be accessed
More excellent preparation parameter improves preparation efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the device that high energy and high speed plasma of the present invention prepares globular metallic powder.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the plasmatorch spray gun of interior wire feed of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the plasmatorch spray gun of outer wire feed of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the knot for the device that the high energy and high speed plasma of the present invention with electrode cable prepares globular metallic powder
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of vertical powder kettle processed of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides the device that a kind of high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, including：System
Powder kettle；And plasmatorch spray gun, it is inserted into the powder kettle processed, the plasmatorch spray gun is provided with jet along its axial direction
Hole；Wire-feed motor is equipped with wire feed connector, and is sent metal wire material to the plasmatorch spray gun by the wire feed connector,
In the present embodiment, the wire feed can be interior wire feed and outer wire feed, when the interior wire feed, the plasmatorch spray gun front
Radial direction is provided with wire feed hole, and metal wire material is sent into the plasmatorch spray gun by the wire feed hole as schemed by the wire-feed motor
Shown in 2, when the outer wire feed, plasmatorch spray gun front end is radially provided with wire-feeding pipe, and the wire-feed motor is by metal wire material
It is sent into plasmatorch spray gun front end by the wire-feeding pipe, as shown in Figure 3；Powder basin is contained, is arranged in the powder kettle processed
Bottom, for collecting the globular metallic powder generated in the powder kettle processed.
As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, further including power supply, it is connect with the plasmatorch spray gun；
Electrode cable, one end are connect with the wire feed connector, and the other end is connect with the power supply, for logical to the metal wire material
Electricity, used electrode cable described herein is high current electrode cable.
In the present embodiment, the powder kettle processed is horizontal powder kettle processed, and inner horizontal is provided with semi-cylindrical and contains powder basin, described
The length for containing powder basin is consistent with the inner length of powder kettle processed, highly 1/3 for the powder kettle height processed.It can certainly use
Vertical powder kettle processed is provided between the powder kettle processed and Sheng powder drum and unloads as shown in figure 5, being provided with cylindrical Sheng powder drum below
Powder valve contains powder drum and fills out gas port with counter equipped with vacuum pumping opening, running hours may be implemented and unload powder, and method is that opening unloads powder
Valve, powder flows into contain powder drum after, powder valve is unloaded in closing, removes Sheng powder drum, pours out that an inner powder is last to install back powder bottom processed portion,
First bottom is vacuumized, it is then counter to fill out argon gas, reach in kettle after identical pressure, waits for unload powder next time.
The powder kettle top processed portion is provided with exhaust brake valve plate 1, and 1 top of the exhaust valve plate is provided with grade one filter, institute
The outlet for stating grade one filter is divided into first outlet and second outlet, the first outlet be connected in turn gas circulation flashboard,
Secondary filter, tertiary filter and gas cooling device, the level-one are cyclone type, and two level and three-level are cloth-bag type so that
Content of powder is less than 0.001% from the gas that high pressure gas holder exports.It is provided with multi-stage booster after the gas cooling device
Air pressure can be increased to 1.5MPa, be connected with high pressure gas holder after the multistage supercharger, can collect the indifferent gas of discharge by device
Body circulation recycles.The second outlet is connected with exhaust slide valve 2.When powder kettle processed is in work, exhaust slide valve 2 is in
Closed state needs to be filtered discharge gas by multistage filter when being vented slide valve 1 and opening, in order to avoid metal powder
It is taken out of by air-flow and causes to waste.
Further include cooling water pipe (it is copper pipe) in the present embodiment, in a spiral manner disk on the powder kettle inner wall processed,
And be divided into three sections and be arranged in before, during and after the powder kettle inner wall processed, by the cooling water of refrigeration machine outflow through water knockout drum, simultaneously
This three sections of spiral cooling water pipes are flowed into, are then converged into total return pipe.It is maintained at 80~200 by refrigerated medium powder temperature in the kettle
Within the scope of DEG C.
The powder kettle inner wall processed and the Sheng powder basin are stainless steel, when preparing titanium powder, in powder kettle inner wall processed, powder kettle processed
Cooling water pipe and Sheng powder basin surface spraying have titanium coating.
The device that high energy and high speed plasma of the present invention prepares globular metallic powder further includes condition monitoring system,
It is passed by powder kettle normal pressure table processed, powder kettle vacuum table processed, powder kettle temperature sensor processed, cooling water pressure force snesor, cooling water flow
Sensor, cooling-water temperature sensor, plasma working gas pressure and flow sensor, plasma mixed pressure force snesor group
At.The electrical parameter to pulverizing process plasmatorch, gas parameter, plasmatorch cooling water state, the gas in powder kettle processed may be implemented
Pressure and temperature, powder kettle processed cool down the real time monitorings such as the pressure and temperature of water state, recyclegas, and provide feedback signal, occur
It can work by the program emergent stopping after setting when alarm.
The concrete function of each device is as follows：
(1) plasmatorch, is used to generate high speed plasma flame flow, and plasmatorch inside tungsten electrode connects the cathode of power supply, spray
Mouth connects the anode of power supply, and working gas is sent into plasmatorch through controlling assembly.
(2) wire-feed motor send wire to the spray gun of plasmatorch through wire feed hose, wire feed connector.
(3) plasmatorch refrigeration machine is used to provide recirculated cooling water to plasmatorch, is carried out to the gun body of plasmatorch
It is cooling；Plasmatorch refrigeration system is made of plasmatorch refrigeration machine, water power adapter, continuous water pipe and water power cable.
(4) powder kettle refrigeration machine processed, the cooling water pipe being used for into powder kettle processed provide recirculated cooling water；Powder kettle cooling system processed
System is made of powder kettle refrigeration machine processed, cooling water pipe, connection water pipe.
(5) power supply is used to power to plasmatorch；Free arc power is used to power to wire.
(6) vacuum pump is used in powder kettle processed vacuumize；There is pumping slide valve between vacuum pump and powder kettle processed, is used for
Switch bleed-off passage；There are exhaust slide valve and filter in exhaust outlet, for switching exhaust passage, pass filter was used for slide valve
The gas of discharge is filtered, smaller particle (being less than 5 μm) metal powder is collected.
(7) powder kettle processed provides confined space for entire pulverizing process, and inside is negative pressure when vacuumizing, when normal work
Inside is increased to positive pressure by negative pressure；Monitoring system is constituted equipped with positive pressure table, vacuum table, thermometer on powder kettle processed, in monitoring
Portion's air pressure, temperature.
(8) powder basin is contained, is used to collect the metal powder that injection generates.
(9) high pressure gas recycles assembly, and exhaust slide valve, gas circulation slide valve, multistage mistake are connected to successively in exhaust outlet
Gas, slide valve 2 is discharged for switching powder kettle processed in filter, cooling device, multistage supercharger, high pressure gas holder, slide valve 1 from inside to outside
Gas is discharged for switching external environment, gas circulation slide valve is used for switching gas circulation canal, and first order pass filter is used
In the gas of filtering discharge, collection cut size is more than 15 μm of powder, second and third grade of filter is used to improve the degree of purity of gas,
For cooling device for reducing the temperature of gas, multistage supercharger is used to improve the pressure of gas to 1.5MPa or more, high pressure gas holder
For storing high pressure gas, and to control assembly conveying high-pressure working gas, realize recycling for working gas；
(10) assembly is controlled, is used to control the water, electricity, gas of entire pulverized coal preparation system, and real-time monitoring system operating status.
High energy and high speed plasma of the present invention prepares the device of globular metallic powder, can prepare the smaller gold of grain size
Belong to spherical powder and yield is higher, up to 95% or more, and powder is essentially solid, and satellite ball is seldom；Pulverizing process realizes
Gas recycles, and powder processed is at low cost, and stream time is long, and stability is good and does not glue mouth.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, include the following steps：
Step 1：Air pressure in powder kettle processed is evacuated to 1 × 10-5~10Pa, for then anti-argon gas of filling out to normal pressure, repetition is counter to fill out argon
Gas 3 times；
Step 2：Power supply makes to generate plasma flame flow in plasmatorch spray gun, and the voltage for controlling plasmatorch is 30~
230V, electric current are 200~1000A, the flow of inert gas be 50~400L/min (inert gas be argon gas, helium and
One kind in nitrogen, two or three)；
Step 3：Wire-feed motor is sent metal wire material to plasmatorch spray gun with the speed of 0.2~20m/min, and metal wire material is not
Be powered, the plasma flame flow heating fusing metal wire material in plasmatorch spray gun at molten drop, and be atomized simultaneously, nodularization molten drop (when
Can also include so that metal wire material is powered, the plasmatorch spray gun and metal wire material form electric arc, fusing metal wire material at
Molten drop, the plasma flame flow atomization, nodularization molten drop), the molten drop of injection flies in powder kettle processed, natural cooling, solidification, landing
In powder basin is contained in bottom, the air pressure controlled in powder kettle processed (can certainly set gas as the case may be less than or equal to 0.5MPa
Press limit value, however it is not limited to 0.5MPa).When air pressure is more than 0.5MPa in powder kettle processed, an embodiment is to open exhaust 1 He of slide valve
It is vented slide valve 2, gas circulation slide valve is kept to close, discharge gas makes air pressure in powder kettle processed be less than or equal to 0.5MPa.It is another
Embodiment is to open exhaust slide valve 1 and gas circulation slide valve, and exhaust slide valve 2 is kept to close, and discharge gas is through filtering, cold
But it, is pressurized to 1.5MPa and is filled with high pressure gas holder, recycling for working gas is realized subsequently into control assembly.
Step 4：After powder processed, after discharge powder gas reactor processed is down to normal pressure, powder kettle processed is opened, Sheng powder basin is taken out and simultaneously divides
Sieve contains the powder in powder basin, obtains different-grain diameter spherical powder.
Further include that step 2 and step 3 are adjusted in the present embodiment：Adjust wire feed rate, plasmatorch voltage,
Electric current and gas flow rule of thumb carry out a diameter of 15~53 μm in gained spherical powder of spherical powder proportions
Control：
Substitution condition is：Ug∈[30,230]；Ig∈[200,1000]；Ug·Ig∈[30000,150000]；Qga+Qgh∈
[50,400]；Qp∈[0.2,20]；Dp∈[2000,4000]；
Wherein, the spherical powder proportion that ε is a diameter of 15~53 μm, ξ are correction coefficient and the category with metal wire material
Property related (ln (g2·μm·K·min-1·cm-3)·[ln(V·A·L·min-1)]-1), UgFor the voltage of plasmatorch
(V), IgFor the electric current (A) of plasmatorch, QgaFor the gas flow (L/min) of argon gas in plasmatorch spray gun, QghFor plasma
The gas flow (L/min) of helium in torch spray gun, ρ are the density (g/cm of metal wire material3), QpFor the wire feed rate of metal wire material
(m/min), DpFor the diameter (μm) of metal wire material, TmFor the fusing point (K) of metal wire material.
Obtaining one group of more excellent preparation parameter is：A diameter of 2~4mm of the wire；The wire-feed motor conveys wire
Speed be 8m/min；The voltage of the plasmatorch is 170V, and the flow of electric current 850A, inert gas are 320L/min.
Using above-mentioned preparation parameter, a diameter of 15~53 μm of spherical metal powder proportion is obtained up to 97%.
Obtaining one group of more excellent preparation parameter is：A diameter of 2~4mm of the wire；The wire-feed motor conveys wire
Speed be 4m/min；The voltage of the plasmatorch is 100V, and the argon flow amount of electric current 650A, inert gas are 320L/
min.Using above-mentioned preparation parameter, a diameter of 15~53 μm of spherical metal powder proportion is obtained up to 95.2%.
Obtaining one group of more excellent preparation parameter is：A diameter of 2~4mm of the wire；The wire-feed motor conveys wire
Speed be 4m/min；The voltage of the plasmatorch is 130V, and the argon flow amount of electric current 800A, inert gas are 160L/
The gas flow of min, helium are 53L/min.Using above-mentioned preparation parameter, a diameter of 15~53 μm of spherical metal powder is obtained
Proportion is up to 95.5%.
In the present invention, the wire can be titanium silk, aluminium wire, tungsten filament, molybdenum filament, copper wire or tantalum wire.The inertia work
It is argon gas or gaseous mixture to make gas, and predominant gas (main gas) is argon gas when being gaseous mixture, and minor gas (secondary gas) is helium, hydrogen
One or more combinations in gas, nitrogen.
The method that high energy and high speed plasma of the present invention prepares globular metallic powder, it is 15~53 that can prepare grain size
μm spherical powder and generally solid, stability is good, and yield is higher, can reach 95% or more, and preparation efficiency is higher, and highest can
Reach 20kg/h (raw material is titanium silk), cost is relatively low；The more excellent of the spherical powder for preparing that grain size is 15~53 μm can also be accessed
Preparation parameter improves preparation efficiency.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and legend shown and described herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high energy and high speed plasma prepares the device of globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that including：
Powder kettle processed；And
Plasmatorch spray gun is inserted into the powder kettle processed, and the plasmatorch spray gun is provided with fumarole along its axial direction；
Wire-feed motor is equipped with wire feed connector, and is sent metal wire material to the plasmatorch spray gun by the wire feed connector；
Powder basin is contained, is arranged in the bottom of the powder kettle processed, for collecting the globular metallic powder generated in the powder kettle processed.
2. high energy and high speed plasma as described in claim 1 prepares the device of globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that described etc.
Ion torch spray gun is provided with wire feed hole radially at the front, the wire-feed motor by metal wire material by the wire feed hole be sent into it is described it is equal from
In sub- torch spray gun.
3. high energy and high speed plasma as described in claim 1 prepares the device of globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that described etc.
Ion torch spray gun front end is radially provided with wire-feeding pipe, the wire-feed motor by metal wire material by the wire-feeding pipe be sent into it is described it is equal from
Sub- torch spray gun front end.
4. high energy and high speed plasma as claimed in claim 1,2 or 3 prepares the device of globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that
Further include：
Power supply is connect with the plasmatorch spray gun；
Electrode cable, one end are connect with the wire feed connector, and the other end is connect with the power supply, are used for the metal wire material
It is powered.
5. high energy and high speed plasma as claimed in claim 4 prepares the device of globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that also wrap
It includes：
First row air-lock is arranged in the powder kettle top processed portion；
Grade one filter, setting are exported in the first row air-lock, the outlet of the grade one filter be divided into first outlet and
Second outlet is connected with secondary filter and tertiary filter in turn at the first outlet, is connected at the second outlet
Second row air-lock；
Cooling device, setting are exported in the tertiary filter；
Level-one booster and two-stage supercharger are successively set on the exit of the cooling device；
High pressure gas holder is arranged in the two-stage supercharger exit, for collecting, cycling and reutilization working gas.
6. a kind of method that high energy and high speed plasma prepares globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：Air pressure in powder kettle processed is evacuated to 1 × 10-5~10Pa, for then anti-argon gas of filling out to normal pressure, repetition is counter to fill out argon gas 3
It is secondary；
Step 2：Power supply makes to generate plasma flame flow in plasmatorch spray gun, and the voltage for controlling plasmatorch is 30~230V, electricity
Stream is 200~1000A, and the flow of inert gas is 50~400L/min；
Step 3：Wire-feed motor is sent metal wire material to plasmatorch spray gun with the speed of 0.2~20m/min, and metal wire material is obstructed
Electricity, the plasma flame flow heating fusing metal wire material in plasmatorch spray gun are atomized, nodularization molten drop at molten drop, project simultaneously
Molten drop fly in powder kettle processed, natural cooling, solidification drop to bottom and contain in powder basin, and the air pressure controlled in powder kettle processed is less than
Equal to 0.5MPa.
7. the method that the high energy and high speed plasma as described in right wants 6 prepares globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that the step
3 further include：Metal wire material is powered, the plasmatorch spray gun and metal wire material form electric arc, fusing metal wire material at molten drop,
The plasma flame flow atomization, nodularization molten drop.
8. the method that the high energy and high speed plasma as described in right wants 6 or 7 prepares globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that also wrap
It includes and the step 2 and the step 3 is adjusted：Wire feed rate, the voltage of plasmatorch, electric current and gas flow are adjusted,
A diameter of 15~53 μm in gained spherical powder of spherical powder proportion is controlled：
Wherein, the spherical powder proportion that ε is a diameter of 15~53 μm, ξ are correction coefficient and have with the attribute of metal wire material
It closes, UgFor the voltage of plasmatorch, IgFor the electric current of plasmatorch, QgaFor the gas flow of argon gas in plasmatorch spray gun, Qgh
For the gas flow of helium in plasmatorch spray gun, ρ is the density of metal wire material, QpFor the wire feed rate of metal wire material, DpFor gold
Belong to the diameter of silk material, TmFor the fusing point of metal wire material.
9. the method that the high energy and high speed plasma as described in right wants 3 prepares globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that it is described it is equal from
The voltage of sub- torch is 170V, electric current 850A；The gas flow of argon gas is 320L/min, the gold in the plasmatorch spray gun
The wire feed rate for belonging to silk material is 8m/min.
10. the method that the high energy and high speed plasma as described in right wants 1 prepares globular metallic powder, which is characterized in that described etc.
The voltage of ion torch is 130V, electric current 800A；The gas flow of argon gas is 160L/min, helium in the plasmatorch spray gun
Gas flow be 53L/min；The wire feed rate of the metal wire material is 4m/min.
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| CN109702215A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-03 | 大连理工大学 | Hot arc evaporates Multicarity nano powder preparing device |
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| CN113333767A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-09-03 | 深圳航天科创实业有限公司 | TC4 spherical powder and preparation method and application thereof |
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