CN108391434A - 大环苯并二氮杂*二聚体、其缀合物、制备和用途 - Google Patents
大环苯并二氮杂*二聚体、其缀合物、制备和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108391434A CN108391434A CN201680048635.6A CN201680048635A CN108391434A CN 108391434 A CN108391434 A CN 108391434A CN 201680048635 A CN201680048635 A CN 201680048635A CN 108391434 A CN108391434 A CN 108391434A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
- A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
- A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
- A61K31/5517—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine condensed with five-membered rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. imidazobenzodiazepines, triazolam
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Abstract
本发明提供了大环苯并二氮杂二聚体,其具有由式(I)表示的结构,其中A和B独立地如在式(Ia)或(Ib)中所示;且式(I)、(Ia)和(Ib)中的其他变量如在本申请中定义。所述二聚体用作抗癌剂,尤其当用作抗体‑药物缀合物(ADC)中的药物组分时。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35U.S.C.§119(e),本申请要求2015年6月23日提交的美国临时申请62/183,350的益处,将其公开通过引用的方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及大环苯并二氮杂二聚体、由其衍生的二聚体-接头化合物及其缀合物,以及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
某些天然存在的细胞毒素诸如托马霉素和安曲霉素含有苯并二氮杂环系。在反映与二氮杂环稠合的吡咯烷环的额外存在时,这些化合物通常称为吡咯并苯并二氮杂或PBD。
PBD具有抗菌及抗肿瘤活性,后一特点使其作为抗癌药物而受关注。机械地,PBD以序列选择性方式结合于DNA的小沟,并将DNA烷基化。已研究不同取代基的结构-活性关系(SAR)(Antonow et al.2010;Thurston et al.1999)。
其他研究已经显示了PBD二聚体作为抗癌剂也显示了特别的前景。典型PBD二聚体的核心结构可由式A-1表示,其中X为连接两个二聚体等分部分的桥联基团。
与单体PBD相同,二聚体为DNA小沟结合剂-烷基化剂。在双官能情形下,所述烷基化产生交联DNA,从而使DNA修复更加困难。(DNA烷基化经由亚氨基进行。一个亚氨基经还原的PBD仍可将DNA烷基化,但不能使其交联。其仍具有生物学活性,尽管一般活性降低。)对于PBD作为抗肿瘤剂的演变(由天然存在的单体演变成合成单体再演变成合成二聚体)的综述,参见Hartley 2011。
PBD二聚体的SAR已经由以下探索:A/A′及C/C′环上的取代基、C/C′环中的不饱和度、桥联基团X的结构及长度及环B/B'中亚胺双键的氧化或还原及所述特征的组合。参见Bose et al.1992,Gregson et al.1999,Gregson et al. 2001a and 2001b,Gregson etal.2004,Gregson et al.2009,Hartley et al.2012, Howard et al.2007,Howard etal.2009a.Howard et al.2010,Howard et al. 2013a and 2013b,Liu et al.2007,Thurston et al.1996,Thurston et al.2006和 Thurston et al.2008。大多数PBD二聚体经由如上所示的8/8′桥接合,但也披露了7/7′桥(Howard et al.2009b)。
受到强烈关注的抗癌剂类型为抗体-药物缀合物(ADC,亦称为免疫缀合物)。在ADC中,治疗剂(亦称为药物、有效负载或弹头(warhead))与抗体共价连接,该抗体的抗原由癌细胞表达(肿瘤相关抗原)。抗体通过结合于抗原将ADC递送至癌症位点。在所述癌症位点,共价连接(称为接头)的裂解或抗体降解使得可释放治疗剂。相反地,在ADC于血液系统中循环时,治疗剂由于其与抗体的共价键而保持无活性。因此,ADC中所用的治疗剂由于其局部释放而可比一般化疗剂有效得多(即细胞毒性)。关于对ADC的评述,参见Schrama etal.2006。
PBD二聚体已建议作为ADC中的药物。连接于抗体的接头可经由位于 C/C′环的官能团、桥联基团X或通过跨越B/B′环中的亚胺基团添加来连接。参见Bouchard et al.2013,Commercon et al.2013a and 2013b,Flygare et al. 2013,Gauzy et al.2012,Howard2104a-2014e,Howard et al.2011,Howard et al. 2013c and 2013d,Howard etal.2014a-2014d,Jeffrey et al.2013,Jeffrey et al. 2014a and 2014b和Zhao etal.2014。
苯并二氮杂的另一类型也已建议作为药物用于ADC中。结构上,可观察到所述类型为进一步具有苯环与各C/C'环稠合的PBD二聚体,如式A-2 及A-3中所示。参见Chari etal.2013,Li et al.2013,Fishkin et al.2014,Li et al. 2014。
还已经披露了具有其他环系的苯并二氮杂化合物诸如四氢异喹啉并 [2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂Kothakonda et al.2004。
在本申请由第一作者或发明人所引用的文献的完整引用及年份列于本说明书末尾。
发明内容
本发明提供新的苯并二氮杂二聚体或其药用盐,其具有8/8’桥和7/7’桥两者以形成大环结构,如由式I表示:
其中
X为
X1为CH2、O、NH、S(O)0-2、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的3-至7-元亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基或未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或 O(CH2)2-5X2的5-至6-元亚芳基或亚杂芳基;
每个X2独立地为Me、CO2H、NH2、NH(C1-C5烷基)、N(C1-C5烷基)2、 SH、CHO、N(CH2CH2)2N(C1-C3烷基)、N(CH2CH2)2NH、NHNH2或 C(=O)NHNH2;
Y为(CH2)4-6CH=CH(CH2)4-6、(CH2)4-6X1(CH2)4-6或(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)2-3;
R1和R2各自独立地为H、F、Cl、Br、OH、C1-C3烷基、O(C1-C3烷基)、氰基、(CH2)0-5NH2或NO2(其中R1和R2两者优选为H);
二氮杂环系中的每个双线独立地表示单键或双键;
若与R3所连接的N连接(即与其相连)的双线为单键,每个R3为H,且若所述双线为双键,则R3不存在;
若与R4所连接的C连接(即与其相连)的双线为单键,则每个R4为H、 OH、SO3Na或SO3K,且若所述双线为双键,则R4不存在;
A和B独立地为式Ia或Ib
其中在式Ia中,
Y’和Y”独立地为不存在、CH2、C=O或CHR12;其中每个R12独立地为 F、Cl、Br或C1-C3烷基,条件是Y’和Y”不同时不存在;
每个G独立地为C或N,条件是不多于两个G为N;且
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为H、C1-C5烷基、C≡C(CH2)1-5X2、OH、 O(C1-C5烷基)、氰基、NO2、F、Cl、Br、O(CH2CH2O)1-8(C1-3烷基)、(CH2)0-5X2、 O(CH2)2-5X2、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0- 5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的3-至7-元环烷基或杂环烷基、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的5-至6-元芳基或杂芳基、
或当R5、R6、R7或R8连接至(即与其相连)为N的G时,R5、R6、R7或R8不存在;
且
其中在式Ib中,
虚线表示任选存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键;
若存在C1-C2,C2-C3或C2-R10双键,则R9不存在,否则R9为H;且
R10为H、=O、=CH2、=CH(C1-C5烷基)、CH=CH(CH2)1-5X2、C≡ C(CH2)1-5X2、C1-C5烷基、OH、O(C1-C5烷基)、氰基、NO2、F、Cl、Br、 O(CH2CH2O)1-8(C1-3烷基)、(CH2)0-5X2、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的4-至7-元芳基、杂芳基、环烷基或杂环烷基、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的3-至7-元环烷基或杂环烷基、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的5-至6-元芳基或杂芳基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供缀合物,其包含共价键合于靶向部分的式(I)二聚体,该靶向部分特异性或优选结合于靶标细胞上的化学实体,该靶标细胞优选为癌细胞。优选地,靶向部分为抗体(更优选为单克隆抗体;甚至更优选为人单克隆抗体),且化学实体为肿瘤相关抗原。肿瘤相关抗原可为呈现于癌细胞的表面上的抗原或由癌细胞分泌至周围胞外空间中的抗原。优选地,肿瘤相关抗原为相较于正常细胞而言由癌细胞过表达的抗原或由癌细胞而非正常细胞表达的抗原。
在另一实施方案中,提供一种适用于与靶向部分缀合的式(I)的二聚体,其共价键合于具有反应性官能团的接头部分。
在另一实施方案中,提供一种治疗患有癌症的受试者的所述癌症的方法,其包括向所述受试者给予治疗有效量的本发明二聚体或其与靶向部分的缀合物。在另一实施方案中,提供本发明二聚体或其与靶向部分的缀合物在制备用于治疗患有癌症的受试者的所述癌症的药物中的用途。本发明的二聚体或其与靶向部分的缀合物也可用于抑制癌细胞的体外、离体或体内增殖。具体地,所述癌症为肺癌、胃癌或卵巢癌。
附图说明
图1A-1B、2、3、4A-4B、5、6、7、8、9和10显示用于合成本发明的二聚体的反应方案。
图11、12、13A-13B、14和15显示用于制备适于制备ADC的二聚体- 接头化合物的反应方案。
图16A-16B一起显示本发明另外的二聚体的合成。
图17显示本发明的ADC对癌细胞的活性。
具体实施方式
定义
“抗体”是指完整抗体及其任何抗原结合片段(即“抗原结合部分”)或单链变体。完整抗体为包含由二硫键相互连接的至少两条重(H)链及两条轻(L)链的蛋白质。各重链包含重链可变区(VH)及包含三个域CH1、CH2及CH3的重链恒定区。各轻链包含轻链可变区(VL或Vk)及包含单一域CL的轻链恒定区。 VH和VL区可进一步再分成高变区,称为互补决定区(CDR),其穿插有较保守构架区(FR)。各VH及VL包含三个CDR及四个FR,其由氨基至羧基端以如下次序排列:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3及FR4。可变区含有与抗原相互作用的结合域。恒定区可介导抗体与宿主组织或因子的结合,包括免疫系统的各种细胞(例如效应细胞)及经典补体系统的第一组分(C1q)。抗体在抗体以5×10-8M或以下、优选1×10-8M或以下、更优选6×10-9M 或以下、更优选3×10-9M或以下、甚至更优选2×10-9M或以下的KD结合于抗原X时称为“特异性结合”于抗原X。抗体可为嵌合、人源化或优选人抗体。重链恒定区可经加工以影响糖基化类型或程度、延长抗体半衰期、提高或降低与效应细胞或补体系统的相互作用或调节一些其他特性。所述加工可通过置换、添加或缺失一个或多个氨基酸或通过用来自另一免疫球蛋白类型的域置换域或前述方法的组合来完成。
抗体的“抗原结合片段”及“抗原结合部分”(或简单地“抗体部分”或“抗体片段”)是指抗体的保留特异性结合于抗原的能力的一个或多个片段。已显示抗体的抗原结合功能可由全长抗体的片段进行,诸如(i)Fab片段,即由VL、 VH、CL及CH1域组成的单价片段;(ii)F(ab')2片段,即包含由铰链区的二硫桥连接的两个Fab片段的二价片段;(iii)Fab′片段,其基本上为Fab以及铰链区的一部分(参见例如Abbas et al.,Cellular and MolecularImmunology,6th Ed.,Saunders Elsevier 2007);(iv)由VH及CH1域组成的Fd片段;(v)由抗体的单臂的VL及VH域组成的Fv片段,(vi)dAb片段(Ward et al.,(1989)Nature 341:544-546),其由VH域组成;(vii)经分离的互补决定区(CDR);及(viii)纳米抗体,即含有单一可变域及两个恒定域的重链可变区。优选抗原结合片段为Fab、F(ab′)2、Fab′、Fv及Fd片段。此外,尽管Fv片段的两个域VL及VH由各别基因编码,但其可使用重组方法通过使其制成单一蛋白链的合成接头接合,在该单一蛋白链中VL与VH区配对形成单价分子(称为单链Fv或scFv);参见例如Bird et al.(1988)Science 242∶423-426;和Huston et al.(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:5879-5883)。所述单链抗体也涵盖于术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”内。
“经分离抗体”是指基本上不含具有不同抗原特异性的其他抗体的抗体(例如特异性结合抗原X的经分离抗体基本上不含特异性结合除抗原X以外的抗原的抗体)。然而,特异性结合抗原X的经分离抗体可与诸如来自其他物种的抗原X分子的其他抗原具有交叉反应性。在某些实施方案中,经分离抗体特异性结合于人抗原X且不与其他(非人)抗原X抗原交叉反应。另外,分离抗体可基本上不含其他细胞物质及/或化学物质。
“单克隆抗体”或“单克隆抗体组合物”是指具有单一分子组成的抗体分子的制剂,其对特定表位呈现单一结合特异性及亲和力。
“人抗体”是指具有如下可变区的抗体,其中构架区与CDR区(及若存在,恒定区)均衍生自人类生殖系免疫球蛋白序列。人类抗体可包括后续修饰,包括天然或合成修饰。人类抗体可包括不由人类生殖系免疫球蛋白序列编码的氨基酸残基(例如通过体外随机或位点特异性突变诱发或通过体内体细胞突变所引入的突变)。然而,“人抗体”不包括如下抗体,其中衍生自另一哺乳动物物种(诸如小鼠)的生殖系的CDR序列已移植于人构架序列上。
“人单克隆抗体”是指呈现单一结合特异性的抗体,其具有如下可变区,其中构架区与CDR区均衍生自人类生殖系免疫球蛋白序列。在一个实施方案中,人单克隆抗体由杂交瘤产生,该杂交瘤包括与永生化细胞融合的获自转基因非人类动物(例如转基因小鼠)的B细胞,该转基因非人类动物具有包含人类重链转基因及人类轻链转基因的基因组。
“脂族基团”是指具有指定碳原子数的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和、非芳族烃部分(例如如同“C3脂族基团”、“C1-5脂族基团”、“C1-C5脂族基团”或“G1至C5脂族基团”,后三个词为具有1至5个碳原子的脂族部分的同义词),或其中碳原子数未明确指定,为1至4个碳原子(在不饱和脂族部分的实例中为2至4个碳)。类似理解适用于其他类型中的碳数,如同C2-4烯烃、C4-C7环脂族基团等。同样地,术语诸如“(CH2)1-3”应理解为针对下标为1、2或3 的简写,由此所述术语代表CH2、CH2CH2和CH2CH2CH2。
“烷基”是指饱和脂族部分,其中指明碳原子数的相同惯例适用。以说明的方式,C1-C4烷基(或同义地,C1-4烷基)部分包括(但不限于)甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、1-丁基、2-丁基等。“亚烷基”是指烷基的二价对应物,诸如CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2和CH2CH2CH2CH2。
“烯基”是指具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂族部分,其中指明碳原子数的相同惯例适用。以说明的方式,C2-C4烯基部分包括(但不限于)乙烯基、2-丙烯基(烯丙基或丙-2-烯基)、顺-1-丙烯基、反-1-丙烯基、E-(或Z-)2-丁烯基、 3-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基(丁-1,3-二烯基)等。
“炔基”是指具有至少一个碳-碳三键的脂族部分,其中指明碳原子数的相同惯例适用。以说明的方式,C2-C4炔基包括乙炔基、炔丙基(丙-2-炔基)、 1-丙炔基、丁-2-炔基等。
“环脂族基团”是指具有1至3个环的饱和或不饱和、非芳族烃部分,各环具有3至8个(优选3至6个)碳原子。“环烷基”是指如下环脂族部分,其中各环饱和。“环烯基”是指如下环脂族部分,其中至少一个环具有至少一个碳-碳双键。“环炔基”是指如下环脂族部分,其中至少一个环具有至少一个碳 -碳三键。以说明的方式,环脂族部分包括(但不限于)环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环辛基及金刚烷基。优选环脂族部分为环烷基部分,尤其环丙基、环丁基、环戊基及环己基。“亚环烷基”是指环烷基的二价对应物。
“杂环脂族基团”是指如下环脂族部分,其中在其至少一个环中,至多三个(优选1至2个)碳经独立地选自N、O或S的杂原子替换,其中N及S可任选经氧化且N可任选经季铵化。类似地,“杂环烷基”、“杂环烯基”及“杂环炔基”分别是指环烷基、环烯基或环炔基部分,其中其至少一个环经如此修饰。示例性杂环脂族部分包括氮丙啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、1,3-二氧杂环己烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、四氢吡喃基、四氢硫吡喃基、四氢硫吡喃基砜、吗啉基、硫吗啉基、硫吗啉基亚砜、硫吗啉基砜、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷基、四氢-1,1-二氧代噻吩基、1,4-二氧杂环己烷基、硫杂环丁烷基等。“亚杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基的二价对应物。
“烷氧基”、“芳基氧基”、“烷基硫基”和“芳基硫基”分别是指-O(烷基)、-O(芳基)、-S(烷基)和-S(芳基)。实例分别为甲氧基、苯氧基、甲基硫基和苯基硫基。
“卤素”或“卤代”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“芳基”是指具有单环、双环或三环环系统的烃部分,其中各环具有3至 7个碳原子且至少一个环为芳族环。环系统中的环可彼此稠合(如同萘基)或彼此键合(如同联苯)且可与非芳族环稠合或键合(如同茚满基或环己基苯基)。以进一步说明的方式,芳基部分包括(但不限于)苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、茚满基、联苯、菲基、蒽基及苊基。“亚芳基”是指芳基的二价对应物,例如1,2- 亚苯基、1,3-亚苯基或1,4-亚苯基。
“杂芳基”是指具有单环、双环或三环环系统的部分,其中各环具有3至 7个碳原子且至少一个环为含有1至4个独立地选自N、O或S的杂原子的芳族环,其中N及S可任选经氧化且N可任选经季铵化。所述至少一个含杂原子芳族环可与其他类型的环稠合(如同苯并呋喃基或四氢异喹啉基)或与其他类型的环直接键合(如同苯基吡啶基或2-环戊基吡啶基)。以进一步说明的方式,杂芳基部分包括吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、N-氧代吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉炔基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、喹喔啉基(quinozalinyl)、萘啶基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、二苯并呋喃基、咔唑基、二苯并噻吩基、吖啶基等。“亚杂芳基”是指杂芳基的二价对应物。
当表明部分可经取代,诸如通过使用“未经取代或经取代”或“任选经取代”措辞,如同“未经取代或经取代的C1-C5烷基”或“任选经取代的杂芳基”,则所述部分可具有一或多个独立选择的取代基,优选数目为1至5个,更优选数目为一个或两个。取代基及取代方式可由本领域技术人员考虑取代基所连接的部分选择,以提供化学上稳定且可通本领域中已知的技术以及本文所阐述的方法合成的化合物。
“芳基烷基”、“(杂环脂族基团)烷基”、“芳基烯基”、“芳基炔基”、“联芳基烷基”等是指烷基、烯基或炔基部分,任选可经芳基、杂环脂族基团、联芳基等部分取代,任选可在烷基、烯基或炔基部分上具有开放(不饱和)价键,例如如同苄基、苯乙基、N-咪唑基乙基、N-吗啉基乙基等。相反地,“烷基芳基”、“烯基环烷基”等是指芳基、环烷基等部分,任选可经烷基、烯基等部分取代,任选可例如如同甲基苯基(甲苯基)或烯丙基环己基。“羟基烷基”、“卤烷基”、“烷基芳基”、“氰基芳基”等是指烷基、芳基等部分,任选可经一或多个所鉴别取代基(任选可为羟基、卤素等)取代。
举例而言,容许取代基包括(但不限于)烷基(尤其甲基或乙基)、烯基(尤其烯丙基)、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环脂族基团、杂环脂族基团、卤素(尤其氟)、卤代烷基(尤其三氟甲基)、羟基、羟基烷基(尤其羟基乙基)、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-O(卤代烷基)(尤其-OCF3)、-O(环烷基)、-O(杂环烷基)、-O(芳基)、烷基硫基、芳基硫基、=O、=NH、=N(烷基)、=NOH、=NO(烷基)、-C(=O)(烷基)、-C(=O)H、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NH(羟基烷基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、-OSO2(烷基)、-SH、-S(烷基)、-S(芳基)、-S(环烷基)、-S(=O)烷基、-SO2(烷基)、-SO2NH2、-SO2NH(烷基)、-SO2N(烷基)2等。
若经取代的部分为脂族部分,则优选取代基为芳基、杂芳基、环脂族基团、杂环脂族基团、卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-O(卤代烷基)、-O(环烷基)、-O(杂环烷基)、-O(芳基)、烷基硫基、芳基硫基、=O、=NH、=N(烷基)、=NOH、=NO(烷基)、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NH(羟基烷基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、-OSO2(烷基)、-SH、-S(烷基)、-S(芳基)、-S(=O)烷基、-S(环烷基)、-SO2(烷基)、-SO2NH2、-SO2NH(烷基)和-SO2N(烷基)2。更优选的取代基为卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(芳基)、=O、=NOH、=NO(烷基)、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2和-NHC(=NH)NH2。尤其优选的是苯基、氰基、卤素、羟基、硝基、C1-C4烷基氧基、O(C2-C4亚烷基)OH和O(C2-C4亚烷基) 卤素。
若经取代的部分为为环脂族基团、杂环脂族基团、芳基或杂芳基部分,则优选取代基为烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、卤代烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-O(卤代烷基)、-O(芳基)、-O(环烷基)、-O(杂环烷基)、烷基硫基、芳基硫基、-C(=O)(烷基)、-C(=O)H、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NH(羟基烷基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、-OSO2(烷基)、-SH、-S(烷基)、-S(芳基)、-S(环烷基)、-S(=O)烷基、-SO2(烷基)、-SO2NH2、-SO2NH(烷基)和-SO2N(烷基)2。更优选的取代基为烷基、烯基、卤素、卤代烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)(烷基)、-C(=O)H、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2和-NHC(=NH)NH2。尤其优选的是C1-C4烷基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-C4烷氧基。
若陈述一范围,如同“C1-C5烷基”或“5至10%”,则所述范围包括范围的端点,如同第一情况中的C1及C5及第二情况中的5%及10%。
除非特别指示特定立体异构体(例如通过结构式中相关立体中心的加粗或短划键,通过将结构式中的双键描述为具有E或Z构型或通过使用指明立体化学的命名法),否则所有立体异构体均以纯化合物以及其混合物的形式包括在本发明的范围内。除非另外指明,否则个别对映异构体、非对映异构体、几何异构体及其组合及混合物均由本发明涵盖。
本领域技术人员应了解化合物可具有互变异构形式(例如酮及烯醇形式)、共振形式及两性离子形式,其等效于本文所用的结构式中所描绘的形式,且该等结构式涵盖所述互变异构、共振或两性离子形式。
“药用酯”是指体内(例如在人体中)水解产生母化合物或其盐或自身活性类似于母化合物的酯。适合酯包括C1-C5烷基酯、C2-C5烯基酯或C2-C5炔基酯,尤其甲酯、乙酯或正丙酯。
“药用盐”是指适用于药物制剂的化合物的盐。若化合物具有一个或多个碱性基团,则盐可为酸加成盐,诸如硫酸盐、氢溴酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、马来酸盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、扑酸盐(恩波酸盐)、氢碘酸盐、硝酸盐、盐酸盐、乳酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、富马酸盐、苯甲酸盐、琥珀酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、辛二酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐等。若化合物具有一个或多个酸性基团,则盐可为如下盐,诸如钙盐、钾盐、镁盐、葡甲胺盐、铵盐、锌盐、哌嗪盐、氨丁三醇盐、锂盐、胆碱盐、二乙胺盐、4-苯基环己胺盐、苄星青霉素(benzathine)盐、钠盐、四甲基铵盐等。多晶型结晶形式及溶剂化物也涵盖在本发明的范围内。
在本说明书的式中,在键末尾横向于一键的波浪线或星号(*)表示共价连接位点。举例而言,在式中R为的陈述是指
在本说明书的式中,在芳族环的两个碳之间横越芳族环的一键是指连接于该键的基团可位于芳族环的可用位置中的任一者处。以说明的方式,式表示
二聚体
优选地,在式I中,X为3或5个原子长度的C7/C7’桥,且Y为7、8、 9、10、11或12个原子长度的C8/C8’桥,其中在每个桥中的原子选自C、O、 N和S,尤其是当所有桥原子为C或除了一个为O、N或S之外的所有原子为C的情况下。更优选地,其中X为3个原子长度,Y为7、8、9或10个原子长度(甚至更优选8至10个原子长度),且其中X为5个原子长度,Y 为11或12个原子长度。
在优选的实施方案中,在式I中,X为(CH2)3或(CH2)5。
在另一优选的实施方案中,在式I、IIa、IIb或IIc(后三式如下显示)中, Y为(CH2)7-12,更优选(CH2)8。
在式I中,X和Y的优选组合为X等于(CH2)3而Y等于(CH2)8-10,且X 等于(CH2)5而Y等于(CH2)11-12。更优选的组合为X等于(CH2)3且Y等于(CH2)8。
在另一优选的实施方案中,在式I、IIa、IIb或IIc中,Y为(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)2-3,尤其是(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)2。
在另一优选的实施方案中,在式I、IIa、IIb或IIc中,Y为(CH2)4NH(CH2)4或(CH2)4N(CH2(p-C6H4NH2))(CH2)4。
在式中,当出现时,X2优选为NH2、SH或CO2H。
优选地,当式I中的X为且X1为O或NH时,则 X为
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的二聚体具有由式IIa表示的结构,其中 x为3或5(优选3);Y为(CH2)7-12、(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)1-3、(CH2)2-4NH(CH2)2-4或(CH2)2-4NH((CH2)0-1苯基)(CH2)2-4,其中所述苯基任选取代有NH2;A为如下所述的A1、A2或A3,且B为如下所述的B1、B2或B3。代表性实例在表1中列出。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明的二聚体具有由式IIb表示的结构,其中x为3或5(优选3),每个Y’独立地为不存在或CH2,Y为(CH2)7-12、 (CH2)2(OCH2CH2)1-3、(CH2)2-4NH(CH2)2-4或(CH2)2-4NH((CH2)0-1苯基)(CH2)2-4,其中所述苯基任选取代有NH2;且R40和R41独立地为H、Cl、Br、OH、O(C1-3烷基)、NH2或C1-3烷基。代表性实例列于表2。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明的二聚体具有由式IIc表示的结构,其中x为3或5(优选3),Y为(CH2)7-12、(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)1-3、 (CH2)2-4NH(CH2)2-4或(CH2)2-4NH((CH2)0-1苯基)(CH2)2-4,其中所述苯基任选取代有NH2;且R42和R43独立地为H、OMe、NH2、OCH2CH2OMe、N(CH2CH2)O、 N(CH2CH2)NMe或N(CH2CH2)NH。代表性实例列于表3。
优选地,本发明的二聚体选自二聚体IIb-6、IIc-8、IIc-9、IIc-10、IIc-11、 IId-1、IId-2和IId-3:
缀合物
综述
本发明二聚体自身可用作治疗剂,但优选以与特异性或优先结合于癌细胞上的化学实体的靶向部分的缀合物形式使用。优选地,靶向部分为抗体或其抗原结合部分,且化学实体为肿瘤相关抗原。
因此,本发明的另一实施方案为由式(II)表示的包含本发明二聚体及配体的缀合物
[D(XD)a(C)c(XZ)b]mZ(II)
其中Z为配体,D为本发明二聚体,且-(XD)aC(XZ)b-由于其连接Z与D 而统称为“接头部分”或“接头”。在接头内,C为经设计以在二聚体D的预期生物学作用位点处或附近裂解的可裂解基团;XD及XZ称为间隔部分(或“间隔基”),因为其分别隔开D与C及C与Z;下标a、b及c独立地为0或1(即, XD、XZ及C的存在为任选的)。下标m为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或 10(优选1、2、3或4)。D、XD、C、XZ及Z更充分描述于下文中。
配体Z(例如抗体)执行靶向功能。通过结合于安置有其抗原或受体的靶标组织或细胞,配体Z将缀合物引导至此处。(当配体Z为抗体时,缀合物有时称为抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)或免疫缀合物。)优选地,靶标组织或细胞为癌症组织或细胞,且抗原或受体为肿瘤相关抗原,即相较于非癌细胞,由癌细胞独特表达或由癌细胞过表达的抗原。靶标组织或细胞处基团C的裂解释放二聚体D以局部发挥其细胞毒性作用。在一些情况下,缀合物通过内饮作用内化至靶标细胞中且在靶标细胞内发生裂解。以此方式,达成二聚体D 在预期作用位点的精确递送,从而降低所需剂量。此外,二聚体D在其结合状态下通常为生物学无活性的(或显著较小活性),从而降低对非靶标组织或细胞的不当毒性。由于一般而言抗癌药物通常对细胞具有高毒性,故此为重要考虑因素。
如由下标m所反映,视配体Z可用于结合的位点数及所用实验条件而定,配体Z的各分子可与超过一个二聚体D结合。本领域技术人员应了解,尽管配体Z的各个分子结合于整数数目的二聚体D,但可针对非整数比率的二聚体D与配体Z分析缀合物的制备,从而反映统计平均值。此比率称为取代比率(SR)或同义地,药物-抗体比率(DAR)。
配体Z
优选地,配体Z为抗体。为方便及简洁起见且以非限制方式,下文关于配体Z的结合的详细论述以其为抗体的情形编写,但本领域技术人员应了解,其他类型的配体Z也可在细节上作必要修改后结合。举例而言,与配体叶酸的缀合物可靶向表面上具有叶酸受体的细胞(Leamon et al.,Cancer Res.2008, 68(23),9839)。出于相同原因,下文的详细论述主要关于1∶1比率的抗体Z 与类似物D(m=1)编写。
优选地,配体Z为针对肿瘤相关抗原的抗体,从而使得可选择性靶向癌细胞。所述抗原的实例包括:间皮素、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、CD19、 CD22、CD30、CD70、B7H3、B7H4(也称为O8E)、蛋白质酪氨酸激酶7(PTK7)、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、RG1、岩藻糖基-GM1、CTLA-4及CD44。抗体可为动物(例如鼠类)、嵌合、人源化或优选人抗体。抗体优选为单克隆抗体,尤其单克隆人类抗体。针对一些上述抗原的人类单克隆抗体的制备揭示于以下文献中:Korman et al.,US 8,609,816 B2(2013;B7H4,也称为08E;尤其是抗体2A7、1G11和2F9);Rao-Naik et al.,8,097,703 B2(2012;CD19;尤其是抗体5G7、13F1、46E8、21D4、21D4a、47G4、27F3和3C10);King et al.,US 8,481,683 B2(2013;CD22;尤其是抗体12C5、19A3、16F7和23C6);Keler et al.,US 7,387,776 B2(2008;CD30;尤其是抗体5F11、2H9和17G1);Terrett et al.,US 8,124,738 B2(2012;CD70;尤其是抗体2H5、10B4、8B5、18E7和69A7);Korman et al.,US 6,984,720 B1(2006;CTLA-4;尤其是抗体10D1、 4B6和1E2);Vistica et al.,US 8,383,118 B2(2013,岩藻糖基-GM1,尤其是抗体5B1、5B1a、7D4、7E4、13B8和18D5)Korman et al.,US 8,008,449 B2(2011; PD-1;尤其是抗体17D8、2D3、4H1、5C4、4A11、7D3和5F4);Huang et al., US 2009/0297438 A1(2009;PSMA.尤其是抗体1C3、2A10、2F5、2C6); Cardarelli et al.,US 7,875,278 B2(2011;PSMA;尤其是抗体4A3、7F12、8C12、 8A11、16F9、2A10、2C6、2F5和1C3);Terrett et al.,US 8,222,375 B2(2012;PTK7;尤其是抗体3G8、4D5、12C6、12C6a和7C8);Terrett et al.,US 8,680,247 B2(2014;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3;尤其是抗体4A6、11E7和16D10); Harkins et al.,US 7,335,748B2(2008;RG1;尤其是抗体A、B、C和D);Terrett et al.,US 8,268,970 B2(2012;间皮素;尤其是抗体3C10、6A4和7B1);Xu et al.,US 2010/0092484 A1(2010;CD44;尤其是抗体14G9.B8.B4、2D1.A3.D12 和1A9.A6.B9);Deshpande et al.,US 8,258,266 B2(2012;IP10;尤其是抗体 1D4、1E1、2G1、3C4、6A5、6A8、7C10、8F6、10A12、10A12S和13C4); Kuhneet al.,Us 8,450,464 B2(2013;CXCR4;尤其是抗体F7、F9、D1和E2);和Korman et al.,US7,943,743 B2(2011;PD-L1;尤其是抗体3G10、12A4、 10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4);将以上公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。上述抗体各可与本发明二聚体一起用于ADC。
配体Z也可为抗体片段或抗体模拟物,诸如亲和抗体(affibody)、域抗体 (dAb)、纳米抗体、单抗体、DARPin、抗运载蛋白(anticalin)、Versabody、 Duocalin、脂质运载蛋白或Avimer。
配体Z上若干不同反应基团中的任一者可为缀合位点,包括赖氨酸残基中的ε-氨基、侧位碳水化合物部分、羧酸基团、二硫基及硫醇基。反应基团的各类型代表一种权衡(trade-off),其具有一些优点及一些缺点。对于适用于缀合的抗体反应基团的评述,参见例如Garnett,Adv.Drug Delivery Rev.53 (2001),171-216和Dubowchik and Walker,Pharmacology&Therapeutics 83 (1999),67-123,将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
在一个实施方案中,配体Z经由赖氨酸ε-氨基缀合。大多数抗体具有多个赖氨酸ε-氨基,其可使用本领域中已知的技术经由酰胺、脲、硫脲或氨基甲酸酯键缀合。然而,难以控制反应的ε-氨基及反应的ε-氨基的数量,从而导致缀合物制备中存在可能的批次间变化。此外,缀合可引起对于维持抗体的天然构形很重要的质子化ε-氨基的中和,或可在抗原结合位点附近或抗原结合位点处的赖氨酸处进行,其中任一者均非期望发生的。
在另一实施方案中,配体Z可经由碳水化合物侧链缀合,因为多种抗体经糖基化。碳水化合物侧链可用过碘酸盐氧化产生醛基,其又可与胺反应形成亚氨基,诸如在半卡巴腙、肟或腙中。必要时,亚氨基可通过用氰基硼氢化钠还原转化为更稳定氨基。对于经由碳水化合物侧链缀合的其他公开,参见例如Rodwell et al.,Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 83,2632-2636(1986),将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。正如赖氨酸ε-氨基的情况,在缀合位点的位置及化学计量的再现性方面存在问题。
在另一实施方案中,配体Z可经由羧酸基团缀合。在一个实施方案中,末端羧酸基团经官能化而产生碳酰肼,其随后与具有醛的缀合部分反应。参见Fisch et al.,Bioconjugate Chemistry 1992,3,147-153。
在另一实施方案中,配体Z可经由桥联抗体Z上的半胱氨酸残基与缀合物另一部分上的硫的二硫基缀合。一些抗体无游离巯基(硫氢基),但具有二硫基,例如在铰链区中。在所述情况下,游离巯基可通过还原天然二硫基产生。如此产生的巯基可随后用于缀合。参见例如Packard et al.,Biochemistry 1986,25,3548-3552;King et al.,Cancer Res.54,6176-6185(1994);和 Doronina et al.,Nature Biotechnol.21(7),778-784(2003),将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。同样地,在缀合位点位置及化学计量及可能破坏抗体天然构形方面存在问题。
已知多种方法将游离巯基引入抗体中而无需断裂天然二硫键,所述方法可用本发明的配体Z实践。视所用方法而定,可在预定位置引入可预测数目的游离硫氢基。在一种方法中,制备突变的抗体,其中用半胱氨酸替代另一氨基酸。参见例如Eigenbrot et al.,US7,521,541 B2(2009);Chilkoti et al., Bioconjugate Chem.1994,5,504-507;Urnovitzet al.,US 4,698,420(1987); Stimmel et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,275(39),30445-30450(2000);Bam et al.,US 7,311,902 B2(2007);Kuan et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,269(10),7610-7618(1994); Poon et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,270(15),8571-8577(1995)。在另一方法中,将外部半胱氨酸添加至C端中。参见例如Cumber et al.,J.Immunol.,149,120-126(1992);King et al,Cancer Res.,54,6176-6185(1994);Li et al.,BioconjugateChem.,13,985-995(2002);Yang et al.,Protein Engineering,16,761-770(2003);和Olafson et al.,Protein Engineering Design&Selection,17,21-27(2004)。引入游离半胱氨酸的优选方法由Liu et al.,WO 2009/026274 A1教导,其中将具有半胱氨酸的氨基酸序列添加至抗体重链的C端中。此方法在距抗原结合位点的已知位置处引入已知数目的半胱氨酸残基(每条重链一个)。此段落中引用的文献的公开均以引用的方式并入本文中。
在另一实施方案中,赖氨酸ε-氨基可用诸如2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷或N- 琥珀酰亚氨基-3-(2-吡啶基二硫基)丙酸酯(SPDP)的试剂修饰,将ε-氨基转化成巯基或二硫基,从而产生所谓的半胱氨酸替代物。然而,此方法具有与适当ε-氨基相关的相同缀合位置及化学计量局限性。
接头组分
如上所述,本发明缀合物的接头部分包含至多三个要素:可裂解基团C 及任选存在的间隔基XZ及XD。
可裂解基团C为在生理学条件下可裂解的基团,其优选经选择以使得其在缀合物在血浆中一般循环时相对稳定,而在缀合物到达其预期作用位点 (即靶标细胞附近、靶标细胞处或靶标细胞内)后容易地裂解。优选地,缀合物在抗体Z结合于靶标细胞表面上呈现的抗原后由靶标细胞内化。随后,基团C的裂解在靶标细胞的囊泡体(初级内体、次级内体或特别地溶酶体)中进行。
在一个实施方案中,基团C为pH敏感性基团。血浆中的pH值略高于中性,而溶酶体内的pH值为酸性,约为5。因此,裂解由酸催化的基团C 在溶酶体内的裂解速率比血浆中速率快数个数量级。适合酸敏感性基团的实例包括顺乌头酰胺及腙,如以下中所述:Shen etal.,US 4,631,190(1986);Shen et al.,US 5,144,011(1992);Shen et al.,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.102, 1048-1054(1981)和Yang et al.,Proc.NatlAcad.Sci(USA),85,1189-1193 (1988),将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
在另一实施方案中,基团C为二硫基。二硫基可通过硫醇-二硫基交换机制以取决于环境硫醇浓度的速率裂解。当谷胱甘肽及其他硫醇的胞内浓度高于其血清浓度时,胞内二硫基的裂解速率较高。此外,硫醇-二硫基交换的速率可通过调节二硫基的空间排列及电子特征(例如烷基-芳基二硫基相对于烷基-烷基二硫基;芳环上的取代等)来调节,从而使得可设计具有提高的血清稳定性或特定裂解速率的二硫键联。对于与缀合物中二硫基可裂解基团有关的其他公开,参见例如Thorpe et al.,Cancer Res.48,6396-6403(1988);Santi et al.,US 7,541,530 B2(2009);Ng et al.,US 6,989,452 B2(2006);Ng et al.,WO 2002/096910 A1;Boyd et al.,US 7,691,962 B2;和Sufi et al.,US 2010/0145036A1,将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
优选可裂解基团为肽,相对于由血清中的蛋白酶裂解,其由靶标细胞内的蛋白酶选择性裂解。通常,可裂解肽基包含1至20个氨基酸,优选1至6 个氨基酸,更优选1至3个氨基酸。氨基酸可为天然及/或非天然α-氨基酸。天然氨基酸为由遗传密码编码的氨基酸以及由其衍生的氨基酸,例如羟基脯氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸及O-磷丝氨酸。在此情形下,术语“氨基酸”也包括氨基酸类似物及模拟物。类似物为如下化合物,其具有天然氨基酸的相同通用H2N(R)CHCO2H结构,但R基不为天然氨基酸中存在的基团。类似物的实例包括高丝氨酸、正亮氨酸、蛋氨酸-亚砜及蛋氨酸甲基锍。氨基酸模拟物为如下化合物,其具有不同于α-氨基酸的通用化学结构的结构,但以类似于α-氨基酸的方式起作用。氨基酸可具有遗传编码氨基酸的“L”立体化学以及对映异构“D”立体化学。
优选地,基团C含有为蛋白酶的裂解识别序列的氨基酸序列。本领域中已知多种裂解识别序列。参见例如Matayoshi et al.Science 247:954(1990);Dunn etal.Meth.Enzymol.241:254(1994);Seidah et al.Meth.Enzymol.244:175(1994);Ihornberry,Meth.Enzymol.244∶615(1994);Weber et al.Meth. Enzymol.244:595(1994);Smith et al.Meth.Enzymol.244∶412(1994);和 Bouvier etal.Meth.Enzymol.248:614(1995),将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
对于不意在由细胞内化的缀合物,基团C可经选择以使得其由存在于靶标组织附近的胞外基质中的蛋白酶(例如附近染色细胞所释放的蛋白酶或肿瘤相关蛋白酶)裂解。示例性胞外肿瘤相关蛋白酶为基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP)、Thimet脱寡肽酶(TOP)及CD10。
对于经设计以由细胞内化的缀合物,基团C优选包含选用于由内体或溶酶体蛋白酶、尤其后者裂解的氨基酸序列。所述蛋白酶的非限制性实例包括组织蛋白酶B、C、D、H、L及S,尤其组织蛋白酶B。组织蛋白酶B优选在序列-AA2-AA1-处裂解肽,其中AA1为碱性或强氢键合氨基酸(诸如赖氨酸、精氨酸或瓜氨酸),且AA2为疏水性氨基酸(诸如苯基丙氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸或异亮氨酸),例如Val-Cit(其中Cit表示瓜氨酸)或Val-Lys。 (在本文中,除非上下文明确指示,否则氨基酸序列以N-至-C方向书写,如同H2N-AA2-AA1-CO2H。)Lys-Val-Ala、Asp-Val-Ala、Val-Ala、Lys-Val-Cit 及Asp-Val-Cit也为组织蛋白酶B的底物肽基序,但在一些情况下裂解速率可能较慢。关于组织蛋白酶可裂解基团的其他信息,参见Dubowchiketal., Biorg.Med.Chem.Lett.8,3341-3346(1998);Dubowchik et al.,Bioorg.Med. Chem.Lett.,83347-3352(1998);和Dubowchik et al.,BioconjugateChem.13, 855-869(2002),将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。可用于裂解肽基接头的另一酶为豆荚蛋白(legumain),一种优选在Ala-Ala-Asn处裂解的溶酶体半胱氨酸蛋白酶。
在一个实施方案中,基团C为包含两个氨基酸序列-AA2-AA1-的肽,其中AA1为赖氨酸、精氨酸或瓜氨酸,且AA2为苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸或异亮氨酸。在另一实施方案中,C由具有1至3个氨基酸的序列组成,其选自Val-Cit、Ala-Val、Val-Ala-Val、Lys-Lys、Ala-Asn-Val、Val-Leu-Lys、 Cit-Cit、Val-Lys、Ala-Ala-Asn、Lys、Cit、Ser和Glu。
由单个氨基酸组成的可裂解基团C的制备及设计如Chen et al.,US 8,664,407B2(2014)中公开,将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
基团C也可为可光解的基团,例如在暴露于光后裂解的硝基苯甲醚。
基团C可直接键合于抗体Z或类似物D;即间隔基XZ及XD,任选可不存在。举例而言,若基团C为二硫基,则两个硫中的一者可为半胱氨酸残基或其于抗体Z上的替代物。或者,基团C可为键合于抗体的碳水化合物侧链上的醛的腙。或者,基团C可为用抗体Z的赖氨酸ε-氨基形成的肽键。在优选的实施方案中,二聚体D直接经由与二聚体D中的羧基或氨基的肽基键而键合于基团C。
在存在时,间隔基XZ提供基团C与抗体z之间的空间分隔,以免前者空间干扰后者的抗原结合或后者空间干扰前者的裂解。此外,间隔基XZ可用于赋予缀合物增加的溶解性或降低的聚集性质。间隔基XZ可包含一个或多个模组片段,其可组装于任何数目的组合中。间隔基XZ的适合片段的实例为:
及其组合,其中下标g 为0或1,且下标h为1至24,优选2至4。这些片段可组合,诸如如下所说明:
若存在,间隔基XD提供基团C与二聚体D之间的空间分隔,以免后者空间上或电子学上干扰前者的裂解。间隔基XD也可用于引入缀合物其他分子质量及化学官能团。一般而言,其他质量及官能团将影响缀合物的血清半衰期及其他性质。因此,经由合理选择间隔基,可调节缀合物的血清半衰期。间隔基XD也可如上在间隔基XZ的情形下所述由模组片段组装。
间隔基XZ和/或XD在存在时优选在Z与C或D与C之间分别提供4 至25个原子、更优选4至20个原子的线性分隔。
除共价连接抗体与药物以外,接头可执行其他功能。举例而言,接头可含有聚(乙二醇)(PEG)基团,其在执行缀合化学法期间提高溶解性或提高在最终ADC产物中的溶解性。若存在PEG基团,则可将其并入间隔基XZ或XD或两者中。PEG基团中重复单元的数目可为2至20,优选4至10。
间隔基XZ或XD或两者可包含自消耗部分。自消耗部分为如下部分,其 (1)键合于基团C及抗体Z或二聚体D,且(2)具有一种结构以使得由基团C 裂解引发反应序列,从而任选可使自消耗部分自身由抗体Z或二聚体D去键合。换言之,抗体Z或二聚体D远端位点的反应(由基团C裂解)使XZ-Z 或XD-D键也断裂。在间隔基XD的情形下需要自消耗部分的存在,因为若在缀合物裂解后间隔基XD或其一部分保持连接于二聚体D,则后者的生物活性可能受损。在可裂解基团C为多肽时,尤其需要使用自消耗部分,在该情况下自消耗部分通常位于其相邻位置。
键合于配偶体分子D上的羟基或氨基的示例性自消耗部分(i)-(v)如下所示:
自消耗部分为虚线a与b(或虚线b与c)之间的结构,其中显示相邻结构特征以提供背景说明。自消耗部分(i)及(v)键合于二聚体D-NH2(即二聚体 D经由氨基缀合),而自消耗部分(ii)、(iii)及(iv)键合于二聚体D-OH(即二聚体D经由羟基或羧基缀合)。在虚线b处裂解酰胺键(例如通过肽酶)以胺氮形式释放酰胺氮,从而任选可引发使该键在虚线a处裂解的反应序列,随后释放D-OH或D-NH2。可选择地,触发自消耗反应的裂解可通过不同类型的酶完成,例如通过β-葡糖醛酸酶,如同结构(vi)的情况。关于自消耗部分的其他公开,参见Carl et al.,J.Med.Chem.,24(3),479-480(1981);Carl et al.,WO 81/01145(1981);Dubowchik et al.,Pharmacology&Therapeutics,83,67-123 (1999);Firestone et al.,US 6,214,345 B1(2001);Toki et al.,J.Org.Chem.67, 1866-1872(2002);Doronina etal.,Nature Biotechnology 21(7),778-784(2003) (erratum,p.941);Boyd et al.,US7,691,962 B2;Boyd et al.,US 2008/0279868 A1;Sufi et al.,WO 2008/083312 A2;Feng,US 7,375,078 B2;Jeffrey et al.,US 8039,273;和Senter et al.,US 2003/0096743 A1,将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。如结构(i)中所示,优选自消耗基团为对氨基苄基氧基羰基 (PABC)。
在另一实施方案中,抗体靶向部分及二聚体D通过不可裂解接头连接,即要素C不存在。抗体的降解最终将接头缩小成小型附接部分,其不干扰二聚体D的生物活性。
缀合技术
本发明的缀合物优选通过首先制备如下化合物来制备,其包含本发明类似物(由下式中的D表示)及接头(XD)a(C)c(XZ)b(其中XD、C、XZ、a、b及c 如对于式(II)所定义)以形成由式(III)表示的类似物-接头组合物:
D-(XD)a(C)c(XZ)b-R31 (III)
其中R31为适用于与抗体Z上的补体官能团反应形成缀合物的官能团。适合基团R31的实例包括氨基、叠氮基、环辛炔、
其中R32为Cl、Br、F、甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯且R33为Cl、Br、I、F、 OH、-O-N-琥珀酰亚氨基、-O-(4-硝基苯基)、-O-五氟苯基或-O-四氟苯基。通常可用于制备适合部分D-(XD)aC(XZ)b-R31的化学法公开于Ng et al.,US 7,087,600 B2(2006);Ng et al.,US 6,989,452B2(2006);Ng et al.,US 7,129,261 B2(2006);Ng et al.,WO 02/096910 A1;Boyd etal.,US 7,691,962 B2;Chen et al.,US 7,517,903 B2(2009);Gangwar et al.,US 7,714,016 B2(2010);Boyd et al.,US 2008/0279868 A1;Gangwar et al.,US 7,847,105B2(2010);Gangwar et al.,US 7,968,586 B2(2011);Sufi et al.,US 2010/0145036 A1;和Chen et al., US 2010/0113476 A1中,将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
优选反应性官能团-R31为-NH2、-OH、-CO2H、-SH、马来酰亚氨基、环辛炔、叠氮基(-N3)、羟基氨基(-ONH2)或N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基。尤其优选官能团-R31为:
-OH基团可用抗体上(例如天冬氨酸或谷氨酸侧链上)的羧基酯化。
-CO2H基团可用抗体上的-OH基团酯化或用抗体上的氨基(例如赖氨酸侧链上)酰胺化。
N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基为功能上活化的羧基且可便利地通过与氨基(例如来自赖氨酸)反应酰胺化。
马来酰亚氨基可与抗体上的-SH基团(例如来自半胱氨酸或来自引入硫氢基官能团的抗体的化学修饰)在Michael加成反应中缀合。
各种技术可将-SH基团引入抗体中。在优选技术中,使抗体中赖氨酸残基的侧链中的ε-氨基与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷反应以引入游离巯基(-SH)。巯基可与马来酰亚胺或其他亲核试剂受体基团反应以实现缀合:
通常,实现每个抗体二至三个硫醇的硫醇化水准。针对代表性操作,参见Cong等人,2014,其公开以引用的方式并入本文中。因此,在一个实施方案中,用于与本发明二聚体结合的抗体具有一或多个赖氨酸残基(优选二或三个)通过与亚氨基硫杂环戊烷反应经修饰。
-SH基团也可用于缀合,其中抗体已在Michael加成反应中经修饰以向其中引入马来酰亚氨基,其为上述反应的“镜像”。抗体可用4-(马来酰亚氨基甲基)-环己甲酸N-琥珀酰亚氨酯(SMCC)或其磺化变异体磺基-SMCC修饰以具有马来酰亚氨基,两种试剂均可获自Sigma-Aldrich。
可替代的缀合技术采用无铜“点击化学法”,其中跨越环辛炔的具应力的炔烃键添加叠氮基,形成1,2,3-三唑环。参见例如Agard et al.,J.Amer.Chem. Soc.2004,126,15046;Best,Biochemistry 2009,48,6571,将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。叠氮基可位于抗体上且环辛炔位于药物部分上,反之亦然。优选环辛炔基为二苯并二苯并环辛炔(DIBO)。具有DIBO基团的各种试剂可获自Invitrogen/Molecular Probes,Eugene,Oregon。以下反应说明 DIBO基团连接于抗体(Ab)的情况下的点击化学法缀合:
另一缀合技术包括将非天然氨基酸引入抗体中,其中非天然氨基酸提供用于与药物部分中的反应性官能团结合的官能团。举例而言,非天然氨基酸对乙酰基苯丙氨酸可如Tian等人,WO 2008/030612 A2(2008)中教导并入抗体或其他多肽中。对乙酰基苯丙氨酸中的酮基可经由与接头-药物部分上的羟基氨基形成肟而成为缀合位点。可替代地,可将非天然氨基酸对叠氮基苯丙氨酸并入抗体中,得到叠氮基官能团以如上所述经由点击化学法缀合。非天然氨基酸也可使用无细胞法并入抗体或其他多肽中,如以下中所教导: Goerke etal.,US 2010/0093024 A1(2010)和Goerke et al.,Biotechnol.Bioeng. 2009,102(2),400-416。前述公开以引用的方式并入本文中。因此,在一个实施方案中,用于制备与本发明二聚体的缀合物的抗体具有一个或多个氨基酸经非天然氨基酸替换,该非天然氨基酸优选为对乙酰基苯丙氨酸或对叠氮基苯丙氨酸,更优选对乙酰基苯丙氨酸。
另一缀合技术使用酶转谷氨酰胺酶(优选细菌转谷氨酰胺酶或BTG),根据Jegeret al.,4ngew.Chem.Int.Ed.2010,49,9995。BTG在谷氨酰胺的侧链甲酰胺(胺受体)与亚烷基氨基(胺供体)(其可为例如赖氨酸的ε-氨基或5-氨基 -正戊基)之间形成酰胺键。在典型缀合反应中,如下所示,谷氨酰胺残基位于抗体上,而亚烷基氨基位于接头-药物部分上:
谷氨酰胺残基位于多肽链上对其对BTG介导的转酰胺作用的敏感性具有很大影响。抗体上的谷氨酰胺残基通常均不为BTG底物。然而,若抗体经去糖基化(糖基化位点为天冬酰胺297(N297)),则附近谷氨酰胺295(Q295) 对BTG敏感。抗体可通过用PNGase F(肽-N-糖苷酶F)处理酶法去糖基化。可替代地,抗体可通过在恒定区中引入N297A突变而以无糖苷的形式合成,从而去除N297糖基化位点。此外,已显示抗体中的N297Q取代不仅去除糖基化,而且引入也为胺受体的第二谷氨酰胺残基(在位置297处)。因此,在一个实施方案中,与本发明二聚体缀合的抗体经去糖基化。在另一实施方案中,抗体具有N297Q取代。本领域技术人员应了解通过合成后修饰或通过引入N297A突变进行的去糖基化使每个抗体产生二个BTG反应性谷氨酰胺残基(每条重链一个,在位置295处),而具有N297Q取代的抗体具有四个BTG反应性谷氨酰胺残基(每条重链两个,在位置295及297处)。
缀合也可使用酶转肽酶A进行,如以下中所教导:Levary et al.,PLoS One 2011,6(4),e18342;Proft,Biotechnol.Lett.2010,32,1-10;Ploegh et al.,WO 2010/087994A2(2010);和Mao et al.,WO 2005/051976 A2(2005)。转肽酶A 识别基序(通常LPXTG,其中X为任何天然氨基酸)可位于配体Z上,且亲核性受体基序(通常GGG)可为式(III)中的基团R31,反之亦然。
抗体也可经调整以用于缀合,其通过修饰其糖基以引入酮基作为肟形成的缀合位点,如Zhu et al.,mAbs 2014,6,1所教导。在另外的糖工程改变中,抗体的糖基可经修饰以引入叠氮基以用于“点击化学”缀合。参见Huang et al., J.Am.Chem.Soc.2012,134,12308和Wang,US 8,900,826 B2(2014)和US 7,807,405 B2(2010)。
另一缀合技术可一般地称为二硫基桥联:将抗体中的二硫键断裂,产生一对巯基(-SH)。然后将抗体用含有两个巯基反应位点的药物-接头化合物处理。巯基与两个位点的反应影响再桥联,其以某种方式重新产生原始的二硫基桥,因此保留抗体三级结构并连接药物-接头部分。参见例如Burt et al.,WO 2013/190292 A2(2013)和Jackson et al.,US2013/0224228 A1(2013)。
二聚体-接头化合物
一般而言,本发明二聚体的ADC包含连接于二聚体上的官能团的接头,该接头连接于抗体。为反映可用缀合技术的多样性,本发明二聚体可加工成适用于与抗体结合的多种不同二聚体-接头化合物。
一般而言,存在三种不同方式来将接头连接于本发明二聚体,如下图所说明(其为式I的简化形式,且为简单起见未显示某些变量):
在类型(a)和(a’)二聚体-接头化合物中,连接接头的官能团位于两个二聚体半部之间的桥X中。在类型(b)二聚体-接头化合物中,接头以跨越亚胺双键的加成产物形式连接。在类型(c)二聚体-接头化合物中,用于连接接头的官能团位于A或B处。
优选的二聚体-接头化合物具有式III的结构:
其中
R60为式IIIa、IIIa’或IIIa”
Y为(CH2)6-10(优选(CH2)8);
x为3或5(优选3);
每个y独立地为2、3或4(优选均为4);
A和B独立地为式Ia或Ib
其中在式Ia中,
Y’和Y”独立地为不存在、CH2、C=O或CHR12;其中每个R12独立地为 F、Cl、Br或C1-C3烷基,条件是Y’和Y”不同时不存在;
每个G独立地为C或N,条件是不多于两个G为N;且
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、 O(C1-3烷基)或(OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基)(优选H);
或当R5、R6、R7或R8连接至(即与相关联)为N的G时,所述R5、R6、 R7或R8不存在;
且
其中在式Ib中,
虚线表示任选存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键;
若存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键,则R9不存在,否则R9为H;
R10为H、Cl、Br、=CH2、=CH(C1-5烷基)、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN或NH2 (优选H);
A’为
R50为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、O(C1-3烷基)或 (OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基)(优选H);
R51为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN或NH2(优选H);
T为自消耗基团;
t为0或1;
AAa和每个AAb独立地选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸;
p为1、2、3或4;
q为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10(优选2、3、4或8);
r为1、2、3、4或5(优选2、3、4或5);
s为0或1;且
R31为
在优选的式III的二聚体-接头化合物中,R60为IIIa,其相应于具有以下结构的二聚体-接头:
在另一优选的式III的二聚体-接头化合物中,R60为IIIa’,其相应于具有以下结构的二聚体-接头:
在另一优选的式III的二聚体-接头化合物中,R60为IIIa”,其相应于具有以下结构的二聚体-接头:
式III中的R31为能够与抗体上的补体官能团反应的反应性官能团以如上所述实现缀合。
在式III中,-AAa-[AAb]p-表示长度由p的值决定的多肽(若p为1,则为二肽,若p为3,则为四肽等)。AAa在多肽的羧基端,且其羧基与二聚体的胺氮形成肽(酰胺)键。相反地,最后一个AAb在多肽的氨基端,且视s为 1或0而定,其α-氨基分别与以下形成肽键
优选多肽-AAa-[AAb]p-为Val-Cit、Val-Lys、Lys-Val-Ala、Asp-Val-Ala、 Val-Ala、Lys-Val-Cit、Ala-Val-Cit、Val-Gly、Val-Gln和Asp-Val-Cit,以常规的N-至-C方向书写,如同H2N-Val-Cit-CO2H。更优选地,多肽为Val-Cit、 Val-Lys或Val-Ala。优选地,多肽-AAa-[AAb]p-可通过靶标(癌)细胞内存在的酶(例如组织蛋白酶,且尤其组织蛋白酶B)裂解。
如下标t等同0或1所指示,自消耗基团T任选存在于式III的二聚体- 接头化合物中。在存在时,自消耗基团T优选为对氨基苯甲基氧基羰基 (PABC),其结构如下所示,其中星号(*)表示键合于二聚体的胺氮的PABC 的末端,且波浪线表示键合于多肽-AAa-[AAb]p-的末端。
优选的二聚体接头化合物选自以下具有由式IIIa-1、IIIa-2、IIIa-3、IIIa-4、IIIa-5、IIIa-6和IIIa-7表示的结构的基团:
缀合物的制备
此一般操作基于通过赖氨酸ε-氨基与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷反应将游离巯基引入抗体中,继而与含马来酰亚胺的药物-连接物部分反应,诸如上文所述。首先,将抗体经缓冲液交换至含有50mM NaCl及2mM二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)的0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.0)中,且浓缩至5-10mg/mL。硫醇化经由将2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷添加至抗体达成。欲添加的2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷的量可通过初步实验测定且在抗体与抗体之间变化。在初步实验中,将滴定的增加量的2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷添加至抗体中,且在室温(室温,25℃约)与抗体一起孵育1小时后,使用SEPHADEXTMG-25柱在50mM HEPES、 5mM甘氨酸、2mM DTPA(pH 5.5)中将抗体脱盐,且通过与二硫基二吡啶 (DTDP)反应快速确定引入的巯基数目。巯基与DTDP反应引起硫吡啶释放,其可在324nm以光谱方式监测。通常使用蛋白质浓度为0.5-1.0mg/mL的样品。可使用280nm的吸光度精确测定样品中的蛋白质浓度,接着在室温用 0.1mL DTDP(5mM于乙醇中的储备溶液)孵育各样品的等分试样(0.9mL) 10分钟。也在旁边孵育仅具有缓冲液加上DTDP的空白样品。10分钟后,量测324nm的吸光度且使用19,800M-1的硫吡啶的消光系数定量巯基的数目。
通常,每个抗体约二至三个巯基的硫醇化程度为适宜的。举例而言,对于一些抗体,此可通过添加15倍摩尔过量的2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷,继而在室温孵育1小时实现。随后,将抗体与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷以适宜摩尔比一起孵育,随后在缀合缓冲液(50mM HEPES、5mM甘氨酸、2mM DTPA, pH 5.5)中脱盐。将硫醇化物质维持于冰上,同时如上文所述定量引入的硫醇数目。
在验证引入的硫醇的数目之后,以每个硫醇2.5倍摩尔过量添加药物(二聚体)-接头部分。使缀合反应在含有最终浓度25%丙二醇及5%海藻糖的缀合缓冲液中进行。通常,将药物-接头储备溶液溶解于100%DMSO中。将储备溶液直接添加至硫醇化抗体中。
在室温在轻微搅拌下孵育缀合反应混合物2小时。随后,将10倍摩尔过量的N-乙基马来酰亚胺(100mM于DMSO中的储备液)添加至结合混合物中且再搅拌一小时以阻断任何未反应的硫醇。
随后经由0.2μ过滤器过滤样品。将物质的缓冲液经由TFF VivaFloW 50Sartorius 30 MWCO PES膜交换成10mg/mL甘氨酸、20mg/mL山梨糖醇、 15%乙腈(pH 5.0)(5×TFF缓冲液交换体积),以移除任何未反应的药物。最终配制通过将TFF添加至20mg/mL山梨糖醇、10mg/mL甘氨酸(pH 5.0)中进行。
本领域技术人员应理解,上述条件及方法为示例性且非限制性的,且用于缀合的其他方法为本领域中已知的且可用于本发明中。
本发明优选的缀合物具有由式IV表示的结构:
其中
Ab为抗体;
m为1、2、3或4;
R40为
其中键合至Ab的R40的开放价键由星号(*)表示,并且键合至(CH2)r的 R40的开放价键由波浪线表示;
R60为式IIIa、IIIa’或IIIa”
Y为(CH2)6-10(优选(CH2)8);
x为3或5(优选3);
每个y独立地为2、3或4(优选均为4);
A和B独立地为式Ia或Ib
其中在式Ia中,
Y’和Y”独立地为不存在、CH2、C=O或CHR12;其中每个R12独立地为 F、Cl、Br或C1-C3烷基,条件是Y’和Y”不同时不存在;
每个G独立地为C或N,条件是不多于两个G为N;且
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、 O(C1-3烷基)或(OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基)(优选H);
或当R5、R6、R7或R8连接至(即与相关联)为N的G时,所述R5、R6、 R7或R8不存在;
且
其中在式Ib中,
虚线表示任选存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键;
若存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键,则R9不存在,否则R9为H;
R10为H、Cl、Br、=CH2、=CH(C1-5烷基)、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN或NH2 (优选H);
A’为
R50为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、O(C1-3烷基)或 (OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基)(优选H);
R51为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2(优选H);
T为自消耗基团(self-immolating group);
t为0或1;
AAa和每个AAb独立地选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸;
p为1、2、3或4;
q为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10(优选2、3、4或8);
r为1、2、3、4或5(优选2、3、4或5);且
s为0或1。
在优选的式IV的缀合物中,R60为IIIa,其相应于具有由式IVa表示的结构的缀合物:
在另一优选的式IV的缀合物中,R60为IIIa’,其相应于具有由式IVa’表示的结构的缀合物:
在另一优选的式IV的缀合物中,R60为IIIa”,其相应于具有由式IVa”表示的结构的缀合物:
药物组合物
在另一方面中,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物或其缀合物与药用载体或赋形剂一起的制剂。其可任选含有一个或多个其他药物活性成分,诸如抗体或另一药物。药物组合物可以与另一治疗剂、尤其另一抗癌剂的组合疗法形式给予。
药物组合物可包含一种或多种赋形剂。可使用的赋形剂包括载体、表面活性剂、增稠剂或乳化剂、固体粘合剂、分散或悬浮助剂、增溶剂、着色剂、调味剂、涂层、崩解剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、防腐剂、等张剂及其组合。适合赋形剂的选择及使用如以下中所教导:Gennaro,ed.,Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,20th Ed.(LippincottWilliams&Wilkins 2003),将其公开通过引用的方式并入本申请。
优选地,药物组合物适用于静脉内、肌内、皮下、肠胃外、经脊椎或表皮给予(例如通过注射或输注)。取决于给药途径,活性化合物可包囊于材料中以使其免于酸的作用及可使其不活化的其他天然条件。短语“肠胃外给药”是指除肠内及局部给予以外通常通过注射进行的给药方式,且包括(但不限于)静脉内、肌内、动脉内、鞘内、囊内、眶内、心内、皮内、腹膜内、经气管、皮下、表皮下、关节内、囊下、蛛膜下、脊柱内、硬膜外及胸骨内注射及输注。可替代地,药物组合物可经由非肠胃外途径给予,诸如局部、表皮或粘膜给药途径,例如鼻内、经口、经阴道、经直肠、舌下或局部。
药物组合物可为无菌水溶液或分散液的形式。其也可配制于微乳剂、脂质体或适合于实现高药物浓度的其他有序结构中。组合物也可以冻干粉形式提供以在给药前于水中重构。
可与载体材料组合产生单一剂型的活性成分的量取决于所治疗受试者及特定给药方式而变化,且一般为组合物产生治疗作用的量。一般而言,在 100%中,此量将介于约0.01%至约99%活性成分、优选约0.1%至约70%、最佳约1%至约30%活性成分与药用载体的组合。
剂量方案经调节以提供治疗反应。举例而言,可给予单次剂量,可随时间给予数个分次剂量,或可如情形的紧急状态所指示而按比例减少或增加剂量。尤其有利于配制单位剂型的肠胃外组合物以便于给药及获得剂量的均匀性。“单位剂型”是指适合作为单一剂量用于待治疗受试者的物理上离散单位;各单位含有经计算以产生所要治疗反应的预定量的活性化合物以及所要药物载体。
剂量在每千克宿主体重约0.0001至100mg范围内,且更通常0.01至5 mg范围内。举例而言,剂量可为0.3mg/kg体重、1mg/kg体重、3mg/kg体重、5mg/kg体重或10mg/kg体重或在1至10mg/kg或者0.1至5mg/kg范围内。示例性治疗方案为每周给予一次、每两周一次、每三周一次、每四周一次、一个月一次、每3个月一次或每三至6个月一次。优选剂量方案包括使用以下给药方案中的一者经由静脉内给予1mg/kg体重或3mg/kg体重:(i) 每四周给予六次剂量,随后每三个月给予;(ii)每三周给予;(iii)给予3mg/kg 体重一次,继而每三周给予1mg/kg体重。在一些方法中,调节剂量以达到约1-1000μg/mL的血浆抗体浓度,且在一些方法中达到约25-300μg/mL。
“治疗有效量”的本发明化合物优选使得疾病症状的严重性降低、无疾病症状期的频率或持续时间增加或预防疾病病痛所致的损伤或失能。举例而言,为治疗具有肿瘤的受试者,“治疗有效量”优选相对于未经治疗的受试者抑制肿瘤生长达至少约20%、更优选至少约40%、甚至更优选至少约60%且再更优选至少约80%。治疗有效量的治疗化合物可降低肿瘤尺寸或者改善受试者的症状,受试者通常为人但可为其他哺乳动物。
药物组合物可为控制或持续释放制剂,包括植入物、经皮贴片及微胶囊化传递系统。可使用可生物降解、生物相容性聚合物,诸如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酸酐、聚乙醇酸、胶原蛋白、聚原酸酯及聚乳酸。参见例如Sustained and Controlled Release Drug DeliverySystems,J.R.Robinson,ed.,Marcel Dekker, Inc.,New York,1978。
治疗组合物可经由如下医学装置给予,诸如(1)无针皮下注射装置(例如 US 5,399,163;5,383,851;5,312,335;5,064,413;4,941,880;4,790,824;和4,596,556);(2)微输注泵(US 4,487,603);(3)经皮装置(US 4,486,194);(4)输注设备(US 4,447,233和4,447,224);和(5)渗透装置(US 4,439,196和4,475,196),将其公开的内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
在某些实施方案中,药物组合物可经配制以确保在体内适当分布。举例而言,为确保本发明的治疗化合物跨越血脑屏障,其可配制于脂质体中,脂质体可另外包含靶向部分以提高向特定细胞或器官的选择性输送。参见例如 US 4,522,811;5,374,548;5,416,016;和5,399,331;V.V.Ranade(1989)J.Clin. Pharmacol.29:685;Umezawa et al.,(1988)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 153∶1038;Bloeman et al.(1995)FEBS Lett.357:140;M.Owais et al.(1995) Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.39:180;Briscoe et al.(1995)Am.J. Physiol. 1233:134;Schreier et al.(1994)J.Biol.Chem.269:9090;Keinanenand Laukkanen(1994)FEBS Lett.346:123;和Killion and Fidler(1994) Immunomethods4:273。
用途
本发明化合物或其缀合物可用于治疗如下疾病,诸如(但不限于)过度增殖性疾病,包括:头颈癌,其包括头部、颈部、鼻腔、鼻窦、鼻咽、口腔、口咽、喉、下咽、唾液腺的肿瘤及副神经节瘤;肝脏及胆道系统的癌症,尤其肝细胞癌;肠癌,尤其结肠直肠癌;卵巢癌;小细胞及非小细胞肺癌(SCLC 及NSCLC);乳癌肉瘤,诸如纤维肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、胚胎横纹肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、神经纤维肉瘤、骨肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤及腺泡状软组织肉瘤;白血病,诸如急性前髓细胞性白血病(APL)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、急性淋巴母细胞性白血病(ALL)及慢性骨髓性白血病(CML);中枢神经系统新生物,尤其脑癌;多发性骨髓瘤(MM);淋巴瘤,诸如霍奇金淋巴瘤、淋巴浆细胞样淋巴瘤、滤泡性淋巴瘤、粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、B系大细胞淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤及T细胞多形性大细胞淋巴瘤。临床上,所述方法的实践及本文所述组合物的使用将使癌性生长的尺寸或数目减少及/或相关症状减少(在适用的情况下)。在病理学上,该方法的实践及本文所述组合物的使用产生病理相关反应,诸如:抑制癌细胞增殖,减小癌症或肿瘤的尺寸,预防进一步癌转移及抑制肿瘤血管生成。治疗所述疾病的方法包括给予受试者治疗有效量的本发明的组合。视需要可重复该方法。尤其,癌症可为肾癌、肺癌、胃癌或卵巢癌。
本发明化合物或其缀合物可与其他治疗剂组合给予,所述治疗剂包括抗体、烷基化剂、血管生成抑制剂、抗代谢物、DNA裂解剂、DNA交联剂、 DNA嵌入剂、DNA小沟结合剂、烯二炔、热休克蛋白90抑制剂、组蛋白去乙酰基酶抑制剂、免疫调节剂、微管稳定剂、核苷(嘌呤或嘧啶)类似物、核输出抑制剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、拓扑异构酶(I或II)抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂及丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂。具体的治疗剂包括阿达木单抗 (adalimumab)、安丝菌素P3(ansamitocin P3)、奥瑞他汀(auristatin)、苯达莫司汀(bendamustine)、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、博莱霉素(bleomycin)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)、白消安(busulfan)、蒜制菌素 (callistatin A)、喜树碱(camptothecin)、卡培他滨(capecitabine)、卡铂 (carboplatin)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、顺铂(cisplatin)、克拉屈滨(cladribin)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabin)、隐藻素(cryptophycins)、达卡巴嗪 (dacarbazine)、达沙替尼(dasatinib)、道诺霉素(daunorubicin)、多西他赛 (docetaxel)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、倍癌霉素(duocarmycin)、达内霉素A (dynemycin A)、埃博霉素(epothilones)、依托泊苷(etoposide)、氟尿苷 (floxuridine)、氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil)、吉非替尼 (gefitinib)、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)、伊派利单抗(ipilimumab)、羟基脲 (hydroxyurea)、伊马替尼(imatinib)、英利昔单抗(infliximab)、干扰素 (interferons)、白细胞间介素(interleukins)、β-拉帕酮(β-lapachone)、来那度胺 (lenalidomide)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、美登素(maytansine)、甲氮芥(mechlorethamine)、美法仑(melphalan)、6-巯基嘌呤、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C)、尼罗替尼(nilotinib)、奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、辛二酰苯胺氧肟酸(suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid(SAHA))、6-硫鸟嘌呤、噻替派(thiotepa)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、拓朴替康(topotecan)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)、曲古霉素A(trichostatin A)、长春花碱(vinblastine)、长春新碱(vincristine)及长春地辛(vindesine)。
实施例
可参考以下实施例进一步理解本发明的实践,其以示例说明方式提供且不具有限制性。以下一般操作为示例说明性的,本领域技术人员应了解可使用替代但等效的方法。
实施例1-二聚体IIa-9
该实施例涉及图1A-1B以及二聚体IIa-9的合成。
4-(苄基氧基)-5-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酰氯1如下由相应的甲酯制备:向 4-(苄基氧基)-5-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(Harve Chem,15g,47.3mmol)在四氢呋喃(THF,350mL)中的溶液中加入NaOH水溶液(56.7mL,142mmol, 2.5M)。将反应混合物在50℃搅拌5h。将反应混合物冷却至室温(RT),然后真空浓缩除去THF。将剩余的水层用aq.HCl(6N)酸化为pH2。将所得的黄色析出物过滤,用水洗涤,并真空干燥得到4-(苄基氧基)-5-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酸(14.32g,100%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=304.08;1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.60(s,1H),7.53-7.45(m,2H),7.45-7.31(m,3H),7.29(s,1H),5.23 (s,2H),3.98(s,3H).
向上述硝基苯甲酸(1.2g,3.96mmol)在THF(30mL)中的溶液中逐滴加入草酰氯(0.416mL,4.75mmol),随后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,20uL)。将所得的溶液在RT搅拌35h,之后将其真空浓缩得到酰氯1,其为黄色固体。
在0℃将酰氯1溶于THF(20mL)并逐滴加入至S-吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯2 盐酸盐(0.768g,4.75mmol)和三乙胺(NEt3,1.65mL,11.87mmol)在THF (10mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物温热至RT并在RT搅拌1h,之后用aq. LiCl淬灭并浓缩除去THF。将所得的混合物用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液、然后盐水洗涤并经硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将粗产物混合物使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(80g柱,梯度为0%至100%EtOAc/ 二氯甲烷(DCM),15分钟)得到酯3(1.18mg,72%收率)。LCMS(M+H)= 415.4;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.77(s,1H),7.51-7.32(m,5H),6.92- 6.80(m,1H),5.25-5.20(m,2H),4.80-4.73(m,1H),4.03-3.93(m,3H),3.82 (s,2H),3.56(s,1H),3.38-3.30(m,1H),3.21(s,1H),2.41-2.30(m,1H),2.16- 2.07(m,1H),2.04-1.87(m,2H).
将酯3(900mg,2.172mmol)和Pd(OH)2(20%在炭上,90mg)在EtOH(15 mL)中的混悬液在氢气(50psi)下搅拌3h。将反应混合物经CELITETM垫滤过并用EtOAc洗涤。将合并的滤液浓缩并溶于MeOH(10mL)。加入一滴AcOH 后,将反应混合物在80℃加热5h。然后将反应混合物冷却至RT并浓缩。将残留物使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(40g柱,0-100%EtOAc/己烷梯度)得到化合物4。LCMS(M+H)=263;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ10.18(s,1H),9.89 (br.s.,1H),7.22(s,1H),6.55(s,1H),4.17-3.96(m,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.63- 3.37(m,2H),1.96-1.63(m,4H).
将化合物4(0.8g,3.05mmol)和1,3-溴丙烷4a(0.308g,1.525mmol)和 K2CO3(527mg,3.81mmol)在DMSO(8mL)中的混悬液在RT搅拌12h。将反应混合物用aq.NH4Cl稀释并用氯仿(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,并真空浓缩。将粗产物混合物使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化 (梯度为0%至10%MeOH/DCM)得到化合物5(670mg,78%收率)。LCMS (M+H)=565;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.45(s,2H),6.54(s,2H),4.19(d, J=7.5Hz,4H),4.03(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.89(s,6H),3.82-3.72(m,2H),3.64- 3.55(m,2H),2.73(br.s.,2H),2.37-2.32(m,2H),2.07-1.95(m,6H).
在-78℃向化合物5(650mg,1.151mmol)在DCM(2mL)中的溶液中逐滴加入三溴化硼溶于(10.04mL,10.4mmol,1M在DCM中)。将反应混合物缓慢温热至-5℃并搅拌30min。然后将反应混合物用磷酸氢二钾缓冲水溶液(5mL)淬灭,然后浓缩除去DCM。将剩余的浆液滤过得到灰色固体,将其使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(120g柱,梯度为0%至10%MeOH/DCM)得到化合物6(202mg,33%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=537;1H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ10.10(br.s.,2H),9.44-9.01(m,2H),7.17(s,2H),6.66(s,2H), 4.13(br.s.,5H),4.03(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.51(br.s.,6H),2.46(br.s.,1H),2.32- 2.16(m,2H),2.06-1.66(m,7H).
将化合物6(86mg,0.160mmol)、6-溴己-1-烯6a(52.3mg,0.321mmol) 和2CO3(66.5mg,0.481mmol)在DMF(1.5mL)中的混悬液在RT搅拌15h。将反应混合物滤过并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(40g柱,梯度为0%至10% MeOH/DCM)得到化合物7(55mg,49%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=701.7.
向小瓶中加入化合物7(52mg,0.074mmol)。然后加入Grubbs-II催化剂 (6.30mg,7.42μmol)在DCE(10mL)中的溶液。将所得的溶液脱气并加热至75℃且保持1h。然后将反应混合物浓缩并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(12g 柱,梯度为0%至10%MeOH/DCM)得到21-元大环8(44mg,88%,连同~10% 20-元大环副产物9)。LCMS(M+H)=673.7.
在0℃向化合物8和9的混合物(18mg,0.027mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液中加入NaH(4.01mg,0.067mmol)。将所得的混悬液在0℃搅拌30 min,之后加入2-(氯甲氧基)乙基)三甲基甲硅烷(SEM-Cl,0.014mL,0.080 mmol)。然后将反应混合物在0℃搅拌1h,之后用盐水淬灭。将混合物用 EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(12g柱,梯度为0%至100%MeOH/DCM)得到化合物10。LCMS (M+H)=933;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.37(s,2H),7.22(s,2H),5.48(m, 2H),5.43(t,J=3.5Hz,2H),4.70(m,2H),4.29-4.21(m,4H),4.14-4.03(m, 6H),3.84-3.65(m,7H),3.62-3.50(m,2H),2.79-2.67(m,2H),2.35(m,2H), 2.12-1.96(m,10H),1.80(m,4H),1.58-1.47(m,2H),0.98(m,4H),0.04-0.02 (s,18H).
在0℃向化合物10在THF/EtOH(1∶1,1mL)中的溶液中加入硼氢化锂溶液(0.268mL,0.535mmol,2M在THF中)。将所得的溶液在0℃搅拌1h,之后将其温热至RT并搅拌5min。然后将反应混合物用盐水淬灭并用CHCl3 (3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。然后将残留物吸收于CHCl3/ EtOH(1∶1,2mL)中。加入硅胶(0.9g),随后加入水(1mL)。将所得的混悬液在RT搅拌48h,然后过滤,用10%MeOH/CHCl3洗涤。将滤液浓缩并使用反相HPLC纯化(柱:Phenomenex Luna C18 20x100mm;流动相A:10∶90 MeCN∶水,含有0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA);流动相B:90∶10MeCN∶水,含有0.1%三氟乙酸;梯度:0-80%B,历时15分钟;流速:20mL/min;检测:UV,在220 nm)。合并含有预期产物的馏分并用aq.NaHCO3中和,然后用氯仿萃取,并干燥并浓缩得到二聚体IIa-9.(7.1mg,39%,历时两步)。LCMS(M+H)= 641.3;1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.53(s,2H),6.85 (s,2H),5.46(m,2H),4.36-4.23(m,4H),4.20-4.12(m,2H),4.11-4.03(m, 2H),3.87-3.82(m,2H),3.75(dt,J=7.5,4.0Hz,2H),3.60(dt,J=11.8,7.8Hz, 2H),2.41-2.30(m,6H),2.14-2.01(m,8H),1.88-1.77(m,4H),1.67-1.58(m, 4H).
实施例2-二聚体IIa-3和IIa-4
该实施例涉及图2以及合成二聚体IIa-3和IIa-4。
将化合物8和9的混合物(24mg,0.036mmol)和10%Pd/C(6mg)在 MeOH(3mL)中的混悬液在氢气气氛下搅拌3h。将反应混合物用氮气净化并经CELITETM垫滤过,用EtOAc洗涤。将合并的滤液浓缩得到21-元大环11(24 mg,100%收率,连同~10%大环12)。LCMS(M+H)=675.4.
在0℃向大环11和12的混合物(24mg,0.036mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液中加入NaH(5.33mg,0.089mmol)。将所得的混悬液在0℃搅拌30 min,之后加入SEM-Cl(0.019mL,0.107mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌 1h,之后将其用盐水淬灭。将混合物用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(12g柱,梯度为0%至100% MeOH/DCM)得到SEM-大环混合物(21-元大环:LCMS(M+H)=935.20-元大环:LCMS(M+H)=921)。
在0℃向上述SEM-大环混合物在THF/EtOH(1∶1,1mL)中的溶液中加入LiBH4溶液(0.356mL,0.71mmol,2M在THF中)。将所得的溶液在0℃搅拌1h,之后温热至RT并搅拌15min。将反应混合物用盐水淬灭并用CHCl3 (3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将残留物吸收于 CHCl3/EtOH(1∶1,2mL)。加入硅胶(0.9g)、随后水(1mL)。将所得的混悬液在RT搅拌48h并过滤,用10%MeOH/CHCl3洗涤。将滤液浓缩并使用反相 HPLC纯化得到二聚体IIa-4和IIa-3(柱:Phenomenex Luna C 18 20x 100mm;流动相A:10∶90MeCN∶水,含有0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA);流动相B:90∶10 MeCN∶水,含有0.1%三氟乙酸;梯度:0-80%B,历时15分钟;流速:20 mL/min;检测:UV,在220nm).
二聚体IIa-4:(7.5mg,31%收率);LCMS(M+H)=643.4;1H NMR (400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.53(s,2H),6.84(s,2H),4.33- 4.16(m,6H),4.13-4.06(m,2H),3.88-3.80(m,2H),3.79-3.71(m,2H),3.64 -3.57(m,2H),2.44-2.30(m,6H),2.15-2.04(m,4H),1.85-1.77(m,4H), 1.61-1.52(m,4H),1.44-1.38(m,8H).
二聚体IIa-3:(1mg,4%收率);LCMS(M+H)=629.4;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.55(s,2H),6.86(s,2H),4.37-4.24(m,4H), 4.21-4.14(m,2H),4.12-4.06(m,2H),3.87-3.80(m,2H),3.79-3.70(m,4H), 3.63-3.56(m,2H),2.42-2.31(m,6H),2.14-2.06(m,4H),1.83-1.78(m,4H), 1.61-1.52(m,4H),1.43-1.33(m,6H).
实施例3-二聚体IIa-1
该实施例涉及图3以及合成二聚体IIa-1。
向化合物6(29mg,0.054mmol)和K2CO3(7.47mg,0.054mmol)在DMF (1.5mL)中的混悬液中加入1,7-二溴庚烷(14.64mg,0.057mmol)。将混合物在50℃加热2h。将反应混合物冷却至RT。将反应混合物滤过并使用ISCO 硅胶色谱纯化(12g柱,梯度为0至10%MeOH/DCM)得到大环13。LCMS (M+H)=633.5.
在0℃向大环13在DMF中的溶液(0.8mL)中加入NaH(4.32mg,0.108 mmol)。将所得的混悬液在0℃搅拌30min,之后加入SEM-Cl(0.019mL, 0.11mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌1h,之后将其用盐水淬灭。将混合物用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(12g柱,梯度为0%至100%MeOH/DCM)得到SEM-大环14(9 mg,10.08μmol,18.6%收率,历时两步)。LCMS(M+H)=893.4.
在0℃向SEM-大环14(9mg,10.08μmol)在THF/EtOH(1∶1,1mL)中的溶液中加入LiBH4溶液(101μL,0.202mmol,2M在THF中)。将所得的溶液在0℃搅拌1h,之后温热至RT并搅拌15min。将反应混合物用盐水淬灭并用CHCl3(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将残留物吸收于CHCl3/EtOH(1∶1,2mL)。加入硅胶(0.7g)、随后水(0.6mL)。将所得的混悬液在RT搅拌24h并滤过并用10%MeOH/CHCl3洗涤。将滤液浓缩并使用反相HPLC纯化(柱:Phenomenex Luna C18 20x100mm;流动相A:10∶90 MeCN∶H2O,含有0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA);流动相B:90∶10MeCN∶水,含有0.1%三氟乙酸;梯度:0-70%B,历时15min;流速:20mL/min;检测:UV,在220 nm)得到二聚体IIa-1(1.8mg,2.70μmol,26.8%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=601.2;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),6.90(s,2H),4.35-4.25(m,4H),4.18(dt,J=9.5,5.7Hz,2H),4.15-4.05(m,2H),3.86-3.78 (m,2H),3.77-3.72(m,2H),3.65-3.54(m,2H),2.42-2.28(m,6H),2.14-2.03 (m,4H),1.91-1.80(m,4H),1.70-1.61(m,4H),1.49-1.41(m,2H).
实施例4-二聚体IIb-5
该实施例涉及图4A-4B以及合成二聚体IIb-5。
将4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯14(18g,99mmol)、K2CO3(20.48g,148 mmol)和1,3-二溴丙烷15(5.04ml,49.4mmol)在DMSO(300mL)中的混悬液在RT搅拌16小时。向反应混合物中加入水,并将所得的溶液在RT搅拌20 min。将所得的析出物过滤,用水洗涤并真空干燥。将所得的白色固体用 EtOAc/DCM研磨并滤过得到化合物16(10.45g,52.4%)和深棕色滤液。将滤液经ISCO纯化(0%-50%of EtOAC/DCM,15分钟,120g柱)得到额外的化合物16(3.55g,17.7%)。LCMS(M+H)=405;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ7.58(dd,J=8.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.12(d,J=8.6Hz,2H), 4.22(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),3.83(s,6H),3.81(s,6H),2.24(t,J=6.2Hz,2H);.
在0℃向氯化锡(IV)溶液(19.91mL,19.91mmol,1M在DCM中)中逐滴加入浓硝酸(1.375mL,27.7mmol)。在-25℃将所得的混合物逐滴加入至化合物16(3.5g,8.65mmol)在DCM(15mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在-25 ℃搅拌30min,之后将其用水(100mL)淬灭。分离有机层。将水层用EtOAc (2x)萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩得到粗产物,将其由热的DCM/己烷重结晶得到化合物17(3.5g,82%收率),其为灰白色晶体。LCMS(M+H)=495;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.68(s,2H),7.32(s,2H),4.29(t,J=6.2Hz,4H), 3.91(s,6H),3.83(s,6H),2.35-2.13(m,2H).
向烧瓶中加入化合物17(3.1g,6.27mmol)和aq.NaOH(25.08mL,62.7 mmol,2.5M)。将反应混合物在100℃加热16h。不均匀混合物在反应结束时变成红色溶液。将反应混合物冷却至RT并用aq.HCl酸化为pH2。将所得的析出物过滤,用水洗涤并干燥得到化合物18(2.65g,6.05mmol,96%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.41(br.s.,2H),10.62(br.s.,2H),7.59(s, 2H),7.10(s,2H),4.31(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),2.25(quin,J=6.1Hz,2H).
在RT向化合物18(2.9g,6.62mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液中加入草酰氯(1.390mL,15.88mmol),随后加入2滴DMF。将反应混合物在RT搅拌2 h,之后将其浓缩并溶于MeOH(20mL)。将所得的溶液在RT搅拌30min并浓缩。将粗产物用水研磨,过滤,并干燥得到化合物19(3g,6.43mmol,97%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=467;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.80(br.s.,2H), 7.65(s,2H),7.10(s,2H),4.33(t,J=5.9Hz,4H),3.80(s,6H),2.39-2.15(m, 2H).
向化合物19(1g,2.144mmol)和K2CO3(0.889g,6.43mmol)在DMF(1 mL)中的混悬液中加入1,4-二溴丁烷19a(3.70g,17.15mmol)。将反应混合物加热至80℃且保持2h,之后将其冷却至RT,用水稀释,并用EtOAc(3x) 萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(40g柱,梯度为0%至50%EtOAC/己烷)得到化合物20(0.95g,60.2%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=521;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.47(s,2H),7.04(s,2H),4.31(s,5H),4.11(s, 4H),3.89(s,6H),3.51(t,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.42(s,2H),2.14-1.92(m,8H).
将化合物20(0.95g,1.290mmol)、2-硝基苯磺酰胺21a(0.261g,1.290 mmol)和K2CO3(0.535g,3.87mmol)在DMF(20mL)中的混悬液在80℃加热 2h。将反应混合物用水稀释并用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(80g柱,梯度为0%至80%EtOAC/己烷)得到大环21 (330mg,32.9%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=777.5;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿 -d)δ7.97(dd,J=7.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.74-7.64(m,2H),7.63-7.56(m,1H),7.51 (s,2H),7.07(s,2H),4.36-4.28(m,4H),4.17-4.07(m,4H),3.90(s,6H),3.36 (br.s.,4H),2.31(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.86-1.80(m.,8H)
向大环21(320mg,0.412mmol)在DMF(3mL)中的溶液中加入2-巯基乙醇(322mg,4.12mmol)和1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU,310μL, 2.060mmol)。将混合物在RT搅拌2h,用DCM稀释,用水、然后盐水稀释,经硫酸钠干燥,并浓缩。将残留物吸收于DCM(4mL)并冷却至0℃。然后加入三乙胺(115μl,0.824mmol)、随后氯烯丙基甲酸酯(Alloc-Cl,99mg, 0.824mmol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌30min,之后将其用水淬灭,用DCM萃取,干燥,并浓缩。将粗产物使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(40g柱,梯度为0%至70%EtOAc/己烷)得到大环22(140mg,0.207mmol,50.3%收率)。LCMS (M+H)=676.2
向大环22在MeOH(1mL)和THF(6mL)中的混悬液中加入aq.NaOH (1M,1mL)。将所得的混合物在RT搅拌12h。将反应混合物浓缩除去THF 和MeOH。将残留物用aq.HCL(1N)酸化并用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥,并浓缩得到酸23(135mg,0.208mmol,97%收率)。 LCMS(M+H)=485.
向酸23(135mg,0.208mmol)在THF(2mL)中的溶液中加入草酰氯 (45.6μL,0.521mmol)、随后DMF(5uL).将反应混合物在RT搅拌2h并浓缩。将残留物溶于THF(10mL)并冷却至0℃。逐滴加入(S)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸苄酯对甲苯磺酸盐23a(Accela,275mg,0.625mmol)和NEt3(0.29 mL,2.09mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物缓慢温热至RT并搅拌15min,之后用水淬灭。将所得的混合物用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥,浓缩,并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(12g柱,梯度为0%至100% EtOAc/己烷)得到化合物24(190mg,0.166mmol,80%收率)。LCMS(M+H)= 1146.8.
将化合物24(190mg,0.166mmol)、锌粉(108mg,1.658mmol)和NH4Cl (133mg,2.486mmol)在MeOH(4mL)中的混悬液加热至50℃并搅拌8h。将反应混合物冷却至RT,用MeOH稀释,并经CELITETM垫滤过,用MeOH、随后EtOAc洗涤。将合并的滤液浓缩并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(24g柱,梯度为0%至10%MeOH/DCM)得到化合物25(125mg,0.144mmol,87%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=870.1;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.40-7.36(m,3H),7.35- 7.21(m,9H),6.52(br.s.,2H),6.01-5.76(m,1H),5.25(dd,J=17.2,1.5Hz,1H), 5.16(dd,J=10.5,1.4Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=15.2Hz,2H),4.55(d,J=5.5Hz,2H), 4.45(d,J=15.4Hz,2H),4.24-4.05(m,4H),4.00(br.s.,2H),3.49(dd,J=15.4, 7.0Hz,2H),3.31(br.s.,4H),3.01(dd,J=15.4,6.4Hz,2H),2.19(d,J=5.5Hz, 2H),1.84-1.76(m.,8H).
在0℃向化合物25(120mg,0.138mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的溶液中加入 NaH(9.93mg,0.414mmol)。将所得的混悬液搅拌30min,之后加入SEM-Cl (0.073mL,0.414mmol)。然后将反应混合物缓慢温热至RT并搅拌2h,之后用盐水淬灭。将所得的混合物用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥,浓缩并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(24g柱,梯度为0%至100%EtOAc/己烷)得到中间体SEM-大环(82mg,0.073mmol,52.6%收率)。
将前述中间体SEM大环(82mg,0.073mmol)溶于DCM(5mL)。将溶液用氮气净化,之后先后加入Pd(Ph3P)4(7.97mg,6.90μmol)和吗啉(0.060mL, 0.690mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌过夜,之后将其浓缩并使用ISCO硅胶色谱纯化(12g柱,梯度为0%至20%MeOH/DCM)得到大环26(56mg, 0.054mmol,38.8%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=1046.3;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.40-7.27(m,12H),5.51(d,J=10.1Hz,2H),5.11(d,J=15.4Hz,2H),4.66(d, J=10.1Hz,2H),4.45(d,J=15.4Hz,2H),4.35-4.24(m,6H),4.21-4.14(m,2H), 4.08-3.99(m,2H),3.79(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.73-3.62(m,2H),3.54(s,2H), 3.32-3.13(m,4H),3.04(s,2H),2.30(br.s.,2H),2.18(d,J=6.2Hz,4H),1.95 (br.s.,4H),1.65(br.s.,4H),0.97(dd,J=4.2,3.1Hz,4H),0.03(s,18H).
在-78℃向大环26(46mg,44μmol)在THF(1mL)中的溶液中加入三乙基硼氢化锂溶液(0.13mL,0.123mmol,1M在THF中)。将所得的溶液在-78℃搅拌2h,之后用盐水淬灭并用CHCl3(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。然后将残留物吸收于CHCl3/EtOH(1∶1,2 mL)。加入硅胶(0.8g)、随后水(0.6mL)。将所得的混悬液在RT搅拌24h,然后过滤,用10%MeOH/CHCl3洗涤。将滤液浓缩并使用反相HPLC纯化 (柱:Phenomenex Luna C18 20x100mm;流动相A:10∶90MeCN∶水,含有0.1% TFA;流动相B:90∶10MeCN∶水,含有0.1%TFA;梯度:10-70%B,历时15 min;流速:20mL/min;检测:UV,在220nm)得到二聚体IIb-5(20mg,24 μmol,54.3%收率)。LCMS(M+H)=754.2;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.54 (s,2H),7.49(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.42-7.30(m,8H),6.84(s,2H),5.03(d,J=15.6 Hz,2H),4.56(d,J=15.4Hz,2H),4.37-4.20(m,4H),4.15-4.07(m,2H),4.02- 3.94(m,2H),3.36-3.25(m,2H),3.23-3.13(m,2H),3.05-2.95(m,6H),2.42- 2.30(m,2H),1.96(br.s.,8H).
实施例5-中间体化合物48
该实施例涉及图5以及合成中间体化合物48。
向处于RT的化合物19(10.36g,22.21mmol)在DMF(178mL)中的溶液中加入K2CO3(12.28g,89mmol)。将混合物加热至100℃,然后历时1.5h 逐滴加入1,8-二碘辛烷19b(5.30mL,26.7mmol)在DMF(44.4mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在100℃搅拌3h以上,冷却至RT,并缓慢加入至含有H2O (2000mL)的搅拌烧瓶中。将所得的析出物经真空滤过收集(用H2O洗涤)。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(220g硅胶;线性梯度0-10%EtOAc-DCM)得到大环43(5.994g,47%),其为白色固体。LC-MS m/z 594[M+18]+;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53(s,2H),7.08(s,2H),4.33(t,J=6.1Hz,4H),4.15(t, J=5.3Hz,4H),3.91(s,6H),2.36(quin,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.86-1.78(m,4H),1.61 -1.52(m,4H),1.49-1.42(m,4H).
向处于RT的大环43(5.994g,10.40mmol)在THF(78mL)中的混悬液中加入MeOH(26.0mL)、随后1M aq.NaOH(104mL,104mmol)。将黄色混悬液在50℃搅拌4h,逐渐变为澄清黄色溶液。将反应混合物冷却至RT,部分浓缩,并用1M aq.HCl酸化。将所得的固体经真空滤过收集(用H2O洗涤)得到大环44(5.41g,95%),其为黄色固体。LC-MS m/z 566[M+18]+;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.58(br s,2H),7.64(s,2H),7.30(s,2H),4.27(t, J=6.2Hz,4H),4.16(t,J=5.1Hz,4H),2.20(quin,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.74-1.65(m, 4H),1.53-1.44(m,4H),1.42-1.32(m,4H).
向处于RT的大环44(5.144g,9.38mmol)在THF(94mL)中的溶液中加入草酰氯(2.140mL,22.51mmol)、随后DMF(7.29μL,0.094mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌1h,然后真空浓缩。将残留物吸收于THF(94mL)并冷却至0℃。加入NEt3(7.84mL,56.3mmol)和化合物44a(5.84g,22.51mmol)。移去冷却浴并将反应混合物在RT搅拌3h。将反应混合物通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液(250mL)和H2O(250mL)的混合物淬灭,并用EtOAc(2×250 mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和NaCl水溶液(250mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(120g硅胶;线性梯度 0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物45(9.274g,96%),其为黄色泡沫状物。 LC-MS m/z 1031[M+H]+.
向化合物45(9.274g,8.99mmol)在MeOH(56.2mL)和THF(56.2mL)中的0℃溶液中加入NH4Cl(9.62g,180mmol)和锌粉(11.76g,180mmol)。将所得的混悬液在50℃搅拌22h。将反应混合物冷却至RT并经CELITETM滤过(用300mL EtOAc洗涤)。将滤液真空浓缩。将粗物质吸收于DCM(400 mL),用H2O(400mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩得到化合物 46(8.2g,定量收率),其为黄色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 907[M+H]+;1H NMR (400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.25(s,2H),7.27(s,2H),6.73(s,2H),4.46(quin, J=5.2Hz,2H),4.24-4.12(m,6H),4.06-3.96(m,4H),3.60-3.53(m,2H),3.50 -3.43(m,2H),2.69-2.56(m,2H),2.26-2.16(m,2H),1.98-1.89(m,2H),1.72 -1.62(m,4H),1.54-1.43(m,4H),1.41-1.32(m,4H),0.87-0.83(m,18H), 0.08(s,12H).
向化合物46(8.16g,8.99mmol)在DMF(90mL)中的0℃溶液中加入 NaH(1.798g,60%w/w在矿物油中,45.0mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌 30min并逐滴加入SEM-Cl(6.38mL,36.0mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌 30min。通过逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液淬灭反应混合物,随后温热至RT,用EtOAc(400mL)稀释,用H2O(2x 400mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(200mL) 洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(220g 硅胶;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物47(7.980g,76%),其为白色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z1168[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(s, 2H),7.24(s,2H),5.48(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),4.69(d,J=9.9Hz,2H),4.58(quin, J=5.7Hz,2H),4.31-4.21(m,6H),4.19-4.06(m,4H),3.82-3.63(m,6H),3.56 (dd,J=11.9,5.6Hz,2H),2.90-2.81(m,2H),2.33(quin,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.07- 1.98(m,2H),1.84-1.75(m,4H),1.62-1.54(m,4H),1.50-1.40(m,4H),1.01- 0.95(m,4H),0.88(s,18H),0.10(s,12H),0.04(s,18H).
向处于RT的化合物47(7.979g,6.83mmol)在THF(68.3mL)中的溶液中加入四丁基氟化铵(TBAF,17.08mL,1M在THF中的溶液,17.08mmol)。将澄清的黄色溶液在RT搅拌15h。将反应混合物用DCM(400mL)稀释,用 H2O(400mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(400mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(120g硅胶,具有25g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)得到化合物48(5.360g),其为白色泡沫状物。将来自后处理的合并的水层用DCM(250mL)萃取。将有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将该物质经快速色谱纯化(3x)(80g硅胶,具有25g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)得到额外的 0.617g化合物48。合并两个分离物得到化合物48(5.997g,93%),其为白色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 939[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37(s,2H), 7.25(s,2H),5.48(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),4.70(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),4.69-4.64(m, 2H),4.33-4.25(m,6H),4.16-4.03(m,4H),3.85(dd,J=12.7,2.1Hz,2H),3.78 (td,J=9.6,7.1Hz,2H),3.72-3.63(m,4H),2.97(dt,J=13.6,5.5Hz,2H),2.32 (quin,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.16-2.07(m,2H),1.95-1.87(m,2H),1.84-1.74(m, 4H),1.63-1.53(m,4H),1.48-1.42(m,4H),0.99(ddd,J=9.5,6.9,2.3Hz,4H), 0.08--0.01(m,18H).
实施例6-二聚体IIc-7和IIc-8
该实施例涉及图6以及合成二聚体IIc-7和IIc-8。
向化合物48(5.997g,6.38mmol)在DCM(31.9mL)和DMSO(31.9mL) 中的0℃溶液中加入NEt3(8.90mL,63.8mmol)、随后SO3-吡啶复合物(4.06 g,25.5mmol)。将反应混合物温热至RT,同时将其搅拌16h。将反应混合物用DCM(400mL)稀释,用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(400mL)、H2O(2×400mL) 和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(400mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(120g硅胶,具有25g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-CH2Cl2)得到化合物54(4.822g,81%),其为白色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 935[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(s,2H),7.28(s, 2H),5.52(d,J=10.1Hz,2H),4.76(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),4.65(dd,J=9.8,3.0Hz, 2H),4.36-4.28(m,4H),4.28-4.20(m,2H),4.18-4.06(m,4H),3.94-3.86(m, 2H),3.78(td,J=9.8,6.7Hz,2H),3.69(td,J=9.8,6.6Hz,2H),3.58(dd,J=19.1,2.9Hz,2H),2.85-2.73(m,2H),2.39-2.31(m,2H),1.86-1.77(m,4H),1.64-1.53(m,4H),1.50-1.42(m,4H),0.99(ddd,J=9.8,6.6,4.7Hz,4H),0.04(s, 18H).
历时30min向化合物54(4.822g,5.16mmol)在DCM(129mL)中的-78 ℃溶液中逐滴加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(3.72mL,32.0mmol)和三氟甲磺酸酐 (Tf2O,30.9mL,1M在DCM中的溶液,30.9mmol)。历时1.5h将亮黄色溶液温热至-20℃,然后将其在-20℃搅拌额外的1h。将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(400mL)稀释并用DCM(2×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用H2O(200mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(2x)(120g硅胶,具有25g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100% EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物55(4.018g,65%),其为橙色泡沫状物。1H NMR (400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.38(t,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.28(s,2H),7.25(s,2H),5.33- 5.26(m,2H),5.21(d,J=10.5Hz,2H),4.91(dd,J=10.8,3.5Hz,2H),4.31-4.18 (m,4H),4.10-4.03(m,4H),3.65-3.57(m,2H),3.53-3.38(m,4H),3.18(ddd, J=16.3,11.0,2.1Hz,2H),2.26-2.18(m,2H),1.75-1.66(m,4H),1.55-1.46 (m,4H),1.44-1.35(m,4H),0.85-0.70(m,4H),-0.08(s,18H).
将化合物55(65mg,0.054mmol)、(4-甲氧基苯基)硼酸(18.12mg,0.119 mmol)和[1,1′-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(PdCl2(dppf),1.983mg, 2.71μmol)的混合物抽空并用氮气回填,然后加入THF(1084μL)和磷酸钾 (542μL,0.5M在H2O中的溶液,0.271mmol)。将混合物用氮气鼓泡5min,然后在RT搅拌1.5h。将反应混合物用EtOAc(50mL)稀释并用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(24g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物56a(50.3mg,83%),其为白色泡沫状物。LC-MSm/z1116[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42(s, 2H),7.40-7.36(m,4H),7.34-7.32(m,2H),7.29(s,2H),6.91-6.87(m,4H),5.53(d,J=10.1Hz,2H),4.76(d,J=10.1Hz,2H),4.65(dd,J=10.5,3.4Hz,2H), 4.32(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),4.19-4.06(m,4H),3.98-3.91(m,2H),3.83(s,6H), 3.84-3.77(m,2H),3.71(td,J=9.6,7.0Hz,2H),3.15(ddd,J=16.1,10.7,2.1Hz,2H),2.35(quin,J=5.9Hz,2H),1.85-1.77(m,4H),1.64-1.55(m,4H),1.50- 1.42(m,4H),1.00(ddd,J=9.5,7.0,2.2Hz,4H),0.04(s,18H).
向化合物56a(50.3mg,0.045mmol)在THF(1503μL)中的-78℃溶液中逐滴加入三乙基硼氢化锂(225μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.225mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1h。将反应混合物用H2O(10mL)稀释并用DCM(2× 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将残留物吸收于CHCl3(1.0mL)和EtOH(1.0mL),然后加入硅胶(0.50g)和H2O(0.50mL)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌3天。将混合物经CELITETM滤过(用CHCl3洗涤)并将滤液真空浓缩。将粗物质经制备性HPLC纯化(3次注射,每次2 mL DMSO;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2×100mm;线性梯度42-90% MeCN-H2O,含有0.1%v/v TFA,历时12min;20mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分立即用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(100mL)稀释并用CHCl3(2× 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩得到二聚体 IIc-7(6.0mg,15%),其为橙色固体。LC-MS m/z 823[M+H]+;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.89(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),7.40(s,2H),7.37-7.33 (m,4H),6.94-6.89(m,4H),6.88(s,2H),4.47-4.40(m,2H),4.39-4.25(m, 4H),4.22-4.16(m,2H),4.14-4.05(m,2H),3.84(s,6H),3.59(ddd,J=16.3, 11.5,1.9Hz,2H),3.43-3.34(m,2H),2.42-2.29(m,2H),1.86-1.76(m,4H), 1.64-1.55(m,4H),1.49-1.43(m,4H).
二聚体IIc-8根据针对二聚体IIc-7如上所述的合成操作类似地制备。针对二聚体IIc-8的分析性数据为:LC-MS m/z 960[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ7.88(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.55-7.52(m,2H),7.39-7.36(m,2H),7.34- 7.30(m,4H),6.94-6.90(m,4H),6.89-6.87(m,2H),4.45-4.38(m,2H),4.37- 4.25(m,4H),4.21-4.15(m,2H),4.14-4.05(m,2H),3.62-3.53(m,2H),3.42- 3.33(m,2H),3.29-3.22(m,8H),2.62-2.56(m,8H),2.37(s,6H),2.38-2.30 (m,2H),1.84-1.76(m,4H),1.62-1.52(m,4H),1.48-1.40(m,4H).
实施例7-二聚体IIc-9、IIc-10、IIc-11和IId-1
该实施例涉及图7以及合成二聚体IIc-9、IIc-10、IIc-11和IId-1。
将化合物55(0.51g,0.425mmol)、(4-氨基苯基)硼酸(58mg,0.425mmol) 和PcCl2(dppf)(16mg,21μmol)的混合物抽空并用氮气回填。加入THF(8.5 mL)和磷酸钾(4.25mL,0.5M在H2O中的溶液,2.126mmol)。将混合物用氮气鼓泡5min,然后在RT搅拌1h。将反应混合物用DCM(30mL)稀释,用饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物 57b(205mg,42%),其为黄色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 1142[M+H]+.
将化合物57b(70mg,0.061mmol)、(4-甲氧基苯基)硼酸(12.1mg,0.080 mmol)和PcCl2(dppf)(2.24mg,3.1μmol)的混合物抽空并用氮气回填。加入 THF(1226μL)和磷酸钾(613μL,0.5M在H2O中的溶液,0.306mmol)。将混合物用氮气鼓泡5min,然后在RT搅拌30min。将反应混合物用EtOAc(30 mL)稀释,用饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物58a(60mg,89%),其为黄色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 1100.8[M+H]+.
替代使用硼酸可使用Grignard试剂,如通过以下由化合物57b合成化合物58d示例:向化合物57b(112mg,0.098mmol)和乙酰基丙酮酸铁(III) (3.46mg,9.80μmol)在THF(1334μL)和NMP(66.7μL)中的-30℃溶液中逐滴缓慢加入甲基溴化镁(131μL,3.0M在Et2O中的溶液,0.392mmol)。将反应混合物在-30℃搅拌10min,然后将其通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液(30mL) 淬灭并用EtOAc(2×30mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和NaCl水溶液(30 mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(12 g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-CH2Cl2)得到化合物58d(50mg,51%),其为黄色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 1008[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42-7.38(m,2H),7.29-7.24(m,5H),6.70-6.64 (m,3H),5.55-5.48(m,2H),4.77-4.71(m,2H),4.62(dd,J=10.6,3.2Hz,1H),4.48(dd,J=10.4,3.3Hz,1H),4.35-4.27(m,4H),4.18-4.05(m,4H),3.95- 3.88(m,1H),3.84-3.64(m,6H),3.49-3.42(m,1H),3.12(ddd,J=16.1,10.5, 2.0Hz,1H),2.83-2.72(m,1H),2.34(quin,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.84(d,J=1.1Hz, 3H),1.83-1.76(m,4H),1.63-1.56(m,4H),1.49-1.43(m,4H),0.99(ddd, J=9.6,6.9,2.4Hz,4H),0.04(s,18H).
向粗化合物58a(30mg,0.027mmol)在THF(1mL)中的-78℃溶液中逐滴加入三乙基硼氢化锂(273μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.273mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1h。将反应混合物用盐水稀释并用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质吸收于 EtOH/THF(1∶1,2mL)和甲酸水溶液(0.055,1mL)。将所得的溶液在RT搅拌2h,之后将其用aq.NaHCO3中和。将所得的混合物用氯仿(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗产物然后经快速色谱纯化(12g柱,0-10%MeOH/DCM)得到二聚体IIc-11(11mg,45%).LC-MSm/z 808.4[M+H]+.
二聚体IIc-9、IIc-10和IId-1根据如上针对二聚体IIc-11所述的合成操作类似地制备。它们的分析性数据如下提供。
二聚体IIc-9:LC-MSm/z876[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90-7.86(m,2H),7.56-7.52(m,2H),7.39-7.36(m,1H),7.35-7.33(m,1H), 7.31(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.88(s, 2H),6.68(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.45-4.37(m,2H),4.36-4.25(m,4H),4.22-4.15 (m,2H),4.13-4.06(m,2H),3.79-3.69(m,2H),3.63-3.52(m,2H),3.41-3.32 (m,2H),3.31-3.23(m,4H),2.65-2.57(m,4H),2.38(s,3H),2.41-2.30(m, 2H),1.84-1.76(m,4H),1.62-1.54(m,4H),1.49-1.40(m,4H).
二聚体IIc-10:LC-MSm/z946[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.88(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.56-7.51(m,2H),7.39-7.36(m,2H),7.35-7.29(m, 4H),6.94-6.90(m,4H),6.89-6.86(m,2H),4.45-4.38(m,2H),4.37-4.24(m, 4H),4.22-4.15(m,2H),4.13-4.05(m,2H),3.62-3.52(m,2H),3.42-3.33(m, 2H),3.29-3.22(m,4H),3.22-3.15(m,4H),3.07-3.02(m,4H),2.61-2.55(m, 4H),2.39-2.29(m,6H),1.84-1.76(m,4H),1.64-1.51(m,4H),1.48-1.40(m, 4H).
二聚体IId-1:LC-MS 716[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87(d, J=4.0Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.55-7.50(m,2H),7.35-7.32(m,1H), 7.24-7.20(m,2H),6.88-6.84(m,2H),6.76-6.73(m,1H),6.70-6.66(m,2H), 4.44-4.36(m,1H),4.35-4.22(m,5H),4.22-4.14(m,2H),4.13-4.05(m,2H), 3.84-3.69(m,2H),3.61-3.48(m,1H),3.40-3.31(m,1H),3.23-3.11(m,1H), 3.00-2.91(m,1H),2.34(quin,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.84(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),1.82- 1.75(m,4H),1.63-1.53(m,4H),1.48-1.40(m,4H).
实施例8-二聚体IIb-6
该实施例涉及图8以及合成二聚体IIb-6。
向处于RT的化合物44(1.006g,1.834mmol)在DMF(12.23mL)中的溶液中分批加入N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)脲鎓六氟磷酸盐 (HATU,1.743g,4.59mmol)、随后(S)-7-硝基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯44b(0.459g,1.834mmol),然后逐滴加入N,N--二-异丙基乙基胺(DIEA,1.917 mL,11.00mmol)。将所得的澄清棕色溶液在RT搅拌30min,然后加入 (S)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸苄酯4-甲基苯磺酸盐44c(0.806g,1.834mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌额外的1h。在0℃将反应混合物缓慢加入至含有 H2O(125mL)的搅拌烧瓶中并将所得的析出物经真空滤过收集(用H2O洗涤)。将固体溶于EtOAc(200mL),用饱和NaCl水溶液(150mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(220g RediSep Gold硅胶,具有25g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物67(538mg,29%),其为棕色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 1030[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物67(538mg,0.522mmol)在MeOH(3264μL)和THF (3264μL)中的溶液中加入NH4Cl(559mg,10.45mmol)、锌粉(683mg,10.45 mmol)和HOAc(1滴)。将所得的混悬液在60℃搅拌18h。将反应混合物冷却至RT并经CELITETM滤过(用EtOAc、DCM、MeOH和5%v/vEt3N在 DCM中的溶液洗涤)。将滤液真空浓缩。将粗物质吸收于DCM(200mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(200mL)和H2O(200mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩得到化合物68(250mg,61%),其为橙色固体。LC-MS m/z 786 [M+H]+.
向化合物68(250mg,0.318mmol)在DMF(3181μL)中的0℃溶液中加入NaH(63.6mg,60%w/w在矿物油中,1.591mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌30min,然后加入SEM-Cl(226μL,1.272mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌30min。将反应混合物通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液淬灭,然后将其温热至RT,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释,用H2O(100mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(100mL) 洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)得到化合物 69(289mg,87%),其为黄色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 1047[M+H]+.
向化合物69(43.9mg,0.042mmol)在THF(1398μL)中的-78℃溶液中逐滴加入三乙基硼氢化锂(210μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.210mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1.5h。将反应混合物用H2O(10mL)稀释并用CHCl3(2 ×10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将残留物吸收于CHCl3(1mL)和EtOH(1mL),然后加入硅胶(0.5g)和H2O(0.5mL)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌2天。将混合物经CELITETM滤过(用丙酮、CHCl3和10%MeOH-CHCl3洗涤)并将滤液真空浓缩。将该物质吸收于CHCl3和H2O 并分离各层。将水层用CHCl3萃取,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经制备性HPLC纯化(2次注射,每次2mL 1∶1MeCN-DMSO; Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2x 100mm;线性梯度26-90%MeCN-H2O,含有0.1%v/v TFA,历时12min;20mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分立即用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(100mL)稀释并用CHCl3(2×50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩得到二聚体IIb-6(6.6mg,19%),其为灰白色固体。LC-MS m/z 754[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54- 7.52(m,2H),7.49-7.45(m,2H),7.39-7.29(m,4H),7.13(d,J=8.1Hz,1H), 6.86-6.83(m,2H),6.66-6.62(m,2H),5.01(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.90(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),4.35-4.23(m,4H), 4.22-4.15(m,2H),4.08(dt,J=9.6,4.9Hz,2H),3.98-3.93(m,1H),3.92-3.87 (m,1H),3.78-3.65(m,2H),3.31-3.24(m,1H),3.20-3.12(m,2H),3.05-2.99 (m,1H),2.33(quin,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.84-1.74(m,4H),1.62-1.50(m,4H),1.48 -1.39(m,4H).
实施例9-二聚体IId-2
该实施例涉及图9以及合成二聚体IId-2。
按照在图9中所示的反应方案,二聚体IId-2以类似于前述实施例的操作合成。LC-MS m/z 704[M+H]+.
实施例10-二聚体IId-3和IId-4
该实施例涉及图10以及合成二聚体IId-3和IId-4。
向二聚体IIc-8(46.2mg,0.048mmol)在THF(482μL)中的-78℃混悬液中逐滴加入LiBHEt3(48.2μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.048mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌15min。然后将其通过加入H2O淬灭,温热至RT,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25mL)和H2O(25mL)稀释,并用10%MeOH-CHCl3(2x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经制备性HPLC纯化(4次1-mL DMSO注射;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2× 100mm;线性梯度0-50%MeCN-H2Ow/0.05%v/v HCO2H,历时25min;20 mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有单-还原和二-还原的产物的馏分分开冻干,然后再经制备性HPLC纯化得到二聚体IId-3(2.7mg,6%),其为浅黄色固体,以及二聚体IId-4(1.24mg,3%),其也为浅黄色固体。它们的分析性数据如下呈现。
二聚体IId-3:LC-MS m/z 961[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.87(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.56(s,1H),7.54-7.52(m,1H),7.52-7.50(m,1H), 7.39-7.37(m,1H),7.34-7.29(m,4H),6.94-6.86(m,5H),6.13(s,1H),4.41 (dt,J=11.1,4.7Hz,1H),4.37-4.22(m,5H),4.18(dt,J=9.8,5.1Hz,1H),4.13- 3.96(m,3H),3.62-3.52(m,3H),3.41-3.32(m,2H),3.31-3.24(m,8H),2.75- 2.69(m,1H),2.70-2.64(m,8H),2.41(s,6H),2.35-2.28(m,2H),1.84-1.70 (m,4H),1.62-1.51(m,4H),1.47-1.38(m,4H).
二聚体IId-4:LC-MS m/z 963[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.56(s,2H),7.51-7.50(m,2H),7.30-7.26(m,4H),6.90(d,J=8.8Hz,4H), 6.10(s,2H),4.36-4.29(m,2H),4.24-4.17(m,4H),4.10-3.97(m,4H),3.59- 3.50(m,4H),3.40-3.32(m,2H),3.27-3.21(m,8H),2.72(dd,J=16.0,3.4Hz, 2H),2.62-2.55(m,8H),2.36(s,6H),2.34-2.26(m,2H),1.77-1.68(m,4H), 1.64-1.50(m,4H),1.43-1.36(m,4H).
实施例11-二聚体-接头IIIa-1
该实施例涉及图11以及合成二聚体-接头IIIa-1。
向二肽69a(70.4mg,0.142mmol)和HATU(53.9mg,0.142mmol)的0℃混合物中加入DMF(945μL)。将混合物在0℃搅拌10min并加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(22.02μL,0.189mmol)。在小瓶中在0℃将该混合物逐滴加入至化合物69(98.9mg,0.095mmol)。将反应混合物温热至RT,同时将其搅拌22h。然后将其逐滴加入至含有H2O(20mL)的在0℃浴中的搅拌烧瓶中。将析出物经真空滤过收集(用洗H2O涤),吸收于DCM(50mL),并用H2O(50mL) 洗涤。将水层用DCM(50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(24g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-DCM)。将混合馏分再次经快速色谱纯化(24 g RediSep Gold硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2),并将两个柱的产物合并得到化合物70(68.8mg,48%)。LC-MS m/z 1525[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物70(39.9mg,0.026mmol)在DMF(1047μL)中的溶液中加入硅胶加载的哌嗪(575mg,0.91mmol/g负载,0.523mmol)。将混悬液在RT搅拌18h,然后将其滤过(用~2mL DMF洗涤),并将滤液真空浓缩。将该粗化合物71与来自另一批的粗化合物71(0.019mmol规格)合并,并无需进一步纯化即可使用。LC-MS m/z 1303[M+H]+.
向粗化合物71在THF中的-78℃溶液(1356μL)中逐滴加入LiBHEt3 (203μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.203mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1.5 h,然后将其用饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL)稀释并用DCM(2x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将残留物吸收于CHCl3 (1mL)和EtOH(1mL),然后加入硅胶(0.5g)和H2O(0.5mL)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌2天,然后将其经CELITETM滤过(用10%EtOH-CHCl3洗涤) 并将滤液真空浓缩。将粗物质经制备性HPLC纯化(2次注射,每次2mL DMSO;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2x 100mm;线性梯度18-90%MeCN-H2O,含有0.1%v/v TFA,历时12min;20mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分在重力下经装填有PL-HCO3MP树脂的SPE柱(Agilent,500mg,1.8 mmol/g负载)滤过(用3mL 1∶1MeCN-H2O洗涤),并将洗脱液冻干得到化合物72(4.9mg,12%),其为白色固体。LC-MS m/z 1011[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物72(4.9mg,4.85μmol)在DMSO(129μL)中的溶液中加入化合物71a(6.69mg,9.70μmol)在DMSO(64.7μL)中的溶液、随后2,6- 二甲基吡啶(1.130μL,9.70μmol)。将澄清的无色溶液在RT搅拌4h。将反应混合物经制备性HPLC纯化(1次注射;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2×100 mm;线性梯度18-90%MeCN-H2O,含有0.1%v/v TFA,历时12min;20 mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分在重力下经装填有PL-HCO3MP 树脂的SPE柱(Agilent,200mg,1.8mmol/g负载)滤过(用2mL 1∶1MeCN- H2O洗涤),并将洗脱液冻干得到二聚体-接头化合物IIIa-1(2.4mg,31%),其为白色固体。LC-MS m/z 1585[M+H]+.
实施例12-二聚体-接头IIIa-2、IIIa-3和IIIa-4
该实施例涉及图12以及合成二聚体-接头IIIa-2、IIIa-3和IIIa-4。
向处于RT的二聚体IIb-6(7mg,9.29μmol)在DMF(93μL)中的溶液中加入化合物72a(12.47mg,0.011mmol)在DMF(93μL)中的溶液、随后DIEA (4.85μL,0.028mmol)。将澄清的橙色溶液在RT搅拌15min;然后加入1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑(1.517mg,0.011mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌29h,然后用DMSO稀释并经制备性HPLC纯化(1次注射;Phenomenex Luna C1821.2x 100mm;线性梯度18-90%MeCN-H2O,含有0.1%v/v TFA,历时15 min;20mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分在重力下经装填有 PL-HCO3MP树脂的SPE柱(Agilent,200mg,1.8mmol/g负载)滤过(用2mL 1∶1MeCN-H2O洗涤),并将洗脱液冻干得到二聚体-接头IIIa-2(4.43mg, 28%),其为白色固体。LC-MS m/z 1734[M+H]+.
二聚体-接头IIIa-3和IIIa-4类似地制备。二聚体-接头IIIa-3:LC-MS m/z 1684[M+H]+。二聚体-接头IIIa-4:LC-MS m/z 1925[M+H]+.
实施例13-二聚体-接头IIIa-11
该实施例涉及图13A-13B以及合成二聚体-接头IIIa-11。
向化合物44e(2.065g,8.09mmol)在DMF(25.7mL)中的0℃溶液中加入化合物44(2.114g,3.85mmol),随后分批加入DIEA(5.37mL,30.8mmol) 和HATU(3.22g,8.48mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌5min并在RT搅拌 1h。然后将其缓慢加入至含有H2O(200mL)的在0℃浴中的搅拌烧瓶中。将所得的析出物经真空滤过收集(H2O洗涤),溶于EtOAc(200mL),用饱和 NaCl水溶液(200mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g RediSep Gold硅胶,具有25g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-CH2Cl2)得到化合物76(3.1g,定量),其为橙色薄膜状物。LC-MS m/z 795[M+H]+.
向化合物76(3.1g,3.90mmol)在THF(39.0mL)中的0℃溶液中逐滴加入LiBH4(5.85mL,2.0M在THF中的溶液,11.70mmol)。将反应混合物在0 ℃搅拌30min,然后温热至RT并搅拌额外的3h。将反应混合物冷却至0℃并通过加入1M aq.HCl(100mL)淬灭,用H2O(400mL)稀释,并用10% MeOH-EtOAc(400mL)和EtOAc(400mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和NaCl 水溶液(200mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。粗产物77无需进一步纯化即可使用。LC-MS m/z 739[M+H]+.
向粗产物77在DCM中的0℃溶液(77mL)中加入NEt3(1.607mL,11.53 mmol)、随后乙酰氯(0.713mL,9.99mmol)。将反应混合物温热至RT,同时将其搅拌20h,用DCM(400mL)稀释,用H2O(400mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(80g硅胶,具有25g 预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-100%EtOAc-己烷)得到化合物78(1.59g, 50%),其为白色泡沫状物。LC-MS m/z 823[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物78(1.59g,1.932mmol)在EtOH(61.8mL)中的溶液中加入AcOH(15.46mL)、随后锌粉(3.79g,58.0mmol)。将反应混合物回流搅拌1h,然后将其冷却至RT并经CELITETM滤过(用400mL DCM洗涤)。将滤液用H2O(400mL)、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(400mL)和H2O(400mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g硅胶,具有2.5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH—CH2Cl2)。将混合馏分再次经快速色谱纯化(12g硅胶,具有2.5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0—10%MeOH-DCM)并将来自两个柱的产物合并得到化合物79(1.162 g,79%),其为白色泡沫状物。LC-MSm/z763[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ6.80(s,2H),6.27(s,2H),5.04-5.00(m,2H),4.99-4.95(m,2H),4.86 —4.75(m,2H),4.37(br s,4H),4.24-4.08(m,12H),3.94(t,J=5.5Hz,4H),2.83 -2.72(m,2H),2.50-2.42(m,2H),2.31(quin,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.04(s,6H),1.76 -1.65(m,4H),1.61—1.52(m,4H),1.44—1.37(m,4H).
向三光气(117mg,0.396mmol)和NEt3(487μL,3.49mmol)在THF (3695μL)中的0℃溶液中逐滴加入化合物79(444mg,0.582mmol)在THF (3695μL)中的溶液。将浑浊混合物在0℃搅拌10min,然后逐滴加入化合物79a(231mg,0.611mmol)在THF(5543μL)中的混悬液、随后烯丙基醇 (41.7μL,0.611mmol)。将混悬液在0℃搅拌1h,然后将其温热至RT,同时将其搅拌5h。将反应混合物用H2O(125mL)稀释并用CH2Cl2(2×125mL) 萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(80g RediSep Gold硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度 0-10%MeOH-DCM)得到化合物80(214mg,29%),其为灰白色固体。LC-MS m/z1250[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.98(s,1H),9.13-9.02(m, 2H),8.14(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.23 (d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.20-7.12(m,2H),6.99-6.89(m,2H),5.98-5.85(m,2H), 5.36-5.26(m,2H),5.22-5.13(m,2H),5.06-4.93(m,6H),4.62-4.50(m,4H), 4.50-4.46(m,2H),4.45-4.38(m,1H),4.22-3.80(m,17H),2.78-2.67(m, 2H),2.44-2.35(m,2H),2.21-2.13(m,2H),2.04-1.90(m,7H),1.69-1.62(m, 4H),1.54-1.46(m,4H),1.40-1.35(m,4H),1.30(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).
向处于RT的化合物80(213mg,0.170mmol)在MeOH(3097μL)中的溶液中加入H2O(310μL)和K2CO3(118mg,0.852mmol)。将反应混合物在RT 搅拌1h,用H2O(100mL)稀释,并用EtOAc(2x 100mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和NaCl水溶液(100mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)得到化合物81(159mg,80%),其为白色固体。 LC-MS m/z 1166[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.99(s,1H),9.17- 8.86(m,2H),8.15(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=8.7Hz, 2H),7.27-7.16(m,3H),7.03-6.96(m,2H),5.98-5.85(m,2H),5.35-5.26(m, 2H),5.23-5.14(m,2H),5.07-4.76(m,8H),4.56-4.52(m,2H),4.50-4.46(m, 2H),4.45-4.39(m,1H),4.37-4.30(m,1H),4.18-4.11(m,4H),4.08-3.80(m,10H),3.57-3.46(m,1H),3.39-3.26(m,2H),3.22-3.03(m,1H),2.65-2.46 (m,4H),2.21-2.12(m,2H),2.03-1.93(m,1H),1.70-1.61(m,4H),1.55-1.46 (m,4H),1.42-1.34(m,4H),1.30(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.84 (d,J=6.7Hz,3H).
向处于RT的化合物81(157mg,0.135mmol)在CH2Cl2(3365μL)中的溶液中加入Dess-Martin高碘烷(DMP,120mg,0.283mmol)。将反应混合物在 RT搅拌4h,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)稀释,并用CH2Cl2(2×50mL) 萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(40g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)。将混合馏分再次经快速色谱纯化(40g RediSep硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)并将来自两个柱的产物合并得到化合物82(115mg,74%),其为白色固体。LC-MS m/z 1162[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物82(96.5mg,0.083mmol)在DCM(1661μL)中的混悬液中加入吗啉(36.5μL,0.415mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(4.80mg,4.15 μmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌2h,在氮气流下浓缩,并经快速色谱纯化(12 g硅胶;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-DCM)。将混合馏分再次经快速色谱纯化 (12g硅胶;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-CH2Cl2)并将来自两个柱的产物合并得到化合物83(54.9mg,68%)。LC-MS m/z 976[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物83(42.3mg,0.043mmol)在DMF(867μL)中的溶液中加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(15.14μL,0.130mmol)、随后化合物83a(20.04mg, 0.065mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌2天,用DMSO稀释,并经制备性 HPLC纯化(5次1-mL注射;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2×100mm;线性梯度20-80%MeCN-H2O,含有0.05%v/v HCO2H,历时25min;20mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分冻干并经快速色谱纯化(12g RediSep Gold硅胶;线性梯度0-20%MeOH-DCM)得到二聚体-接头IIIa-11(3.67mg,7%),其为灰白色固体。LC-MS m/z 1170[M+H]+.
实施例14-二聚体-接头IIIa-5
该实施例涉及图14以及合成二聚体-接头IIIa-5。
将化合物57a(82.5mg,0.067mmol)、化合物84(45.3mg,0.074mmol)、 PdCl2(dppf)(2.463mg,3.37μmol)和Na2CO3(35.7mg,0.337mmol)的混合物抽空并用氮气回填。加入THF(898μL)和H2O(449μL)。将混合物用氮气鼓泡5min并在RT搅拌30min。将反应混合物用H2O(50mL)稀释并用DCM(2 x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(24g硅胶,具有5g预先装填的负载柱;线性梯度0- 20%MeOH-DCM)得到化合物85(98.9mg,94%),其为橙色薄膜状物。LC-MS m/z 1561[M+H]+.
向化合物85(98.9mg,0.063mmol)在THF(2112μL)中的-78℃溶液中逐滴加入LiBHEt3(317μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.317mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1h,用H2O(50mL)稀释并用CHCl3(50mL)和10%MeOH- CHCl3(50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将残留物吸收于THF(4217μL)、MeCN W/0.05%v/v HCO2H(2109μL)和H2O w/0.05%v/v HCO2H(2109μL)的混合物中,并在RT搅拌1h。将反应混合物通过加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)淬灭并用CHCl3(2×50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗物质经快速色谱纯化(24g碱性氧化铝;线性梯度0-20%MeOH-CHCl3)得到化合物86(54.6 mg,68%),其为橙色固体。LC-MS m/z 1286[M+18]+.
向处于RT的化合物86(29.0mg,0.023mmol)在THF(457μL)中的溶液中加入哌啶(45.3μL,0.457mmol)。将澄清的橙色溶液在RT搅拌45min,然后真空浓缩。将粗物质吸收于MeCN(2mL)和MeOH(2mL)的混合物中并用庚烷(4×2mL)洗涤。将MeCN-MeOH层真空浓缩。将残留物吸收于CHCl3并浓缩(2x),得到化合物87,其无需进一步纯化即可使用。LC-MS m/z1065 [M+H]+.
向处于RT的粗物质87和化合物71a(23.65mg,0.034mmol)在DMSO (457μL)中的溶液中加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(6.66μL,0.057mmol)。将澄清的黄色溶液在RT搅拌1.5h,用DMSO稀释,并经制备性HPLC纯化(3次1-mL 注射;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2x 100mm;线性梯度20-60%MeCN-H2O w/0.05%v/v HCO2H,历时25min;20mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分冻干得到二聚体-接头IIIa-5(6.97mg,19%),其为浅黄色固体。LC—MS m/z 1621[M+H]+.
实施例15-二聚体-接头IIIa-6
该实施例涉及图15以及合成二聚体-接头IIIa-6。
向化合物58d(50.0mg,0.050mmol)和化合物88(24.42mg,0.060mmol) 在DMF(496μL)中的0℃溶液中加入HATU(22.62mg,0.060mmol)、随后 2,6-二甲基吡啶(14.44μL,0.124mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌10min 并在RT搅拌2h,并逐滴加入至含有H2O(20mL)的在0℃浴中的搅拌烧瓶中。将所得的析出物经真空滤过收集(用H2O洗涤),然后吸收于DCM(50 mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)中。分离各层并将水层用DCM(50mL) 萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗产物经快速色谱纯化(12g硅胶;线性梯度0-10%MeOH-DCM)得到化合物89(61.5 mg,89%),其为黄色固体。LC-MS m/z 1401[M+H]+.
向化合物89(61.5mg,0.044mmol)在THF(1463μL)中的-78℃溶液中逐滴加入LiBHEt3(220μL,1M在THF中的溶液,0.220mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1h,通过加入H2O淬灭,温热至RT,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25mL)和H2O(25mL)的混合物稀释,并用10%MeOH-CHCl3(2x 50mL) 萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将该残留物吸收于THF(5867μL)、EtOH(5867μL)和H2Ow/0.05%v/v HCO2H(2933μL)的混合物中并在RT搅拌2h。将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL) 稀释并用CHCl3(50mL)、随后10%MeOH-CHCl3(50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。将粗产物经快速色谱纯化(12g硅胶;线性梯度0-20%MeOH-DCM)得到化合物90(49mg,当量),其为黄色固体。LC-MS m/z 1109[M+H]+.
向处于RT的化合物90(49mg,0.044mmol)在THF(884μL)中的溶液中加入哌啶(88μL,0.884mmol)。将澄清的橙色溶液在RT搅拌1h并真空浓缩。将粗产物吸收于MeCN(2mL)和MeOH(2mL)的混合物并用庚烷(4x2 mL)洗涤。将MeCN-MeOH层真空浓缩。将该产物91吸收于CHCl3并浓缩 (2x),然后无需进一步纯化即可使用。LC-MS m/z 887[M+H]+.
向处于RT的粗产物91和化合物71a(22.76mg,0.033mmol)在DMSO (440μL)中的溶液中加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(6.41μL,0.055mmol)。将澄清的黄色溶液在RT搅拌30min。加入额外的化合物71a(3.2μL,0.027mmol)在 DMSO(0.220mL)中的溶液,并将反应混合物搅拌额外的1.5h,用DMSO 稀释并经制备性HPLC纯化(3次1-mL注射;Phenomenex Luna C18 21.2×100mm;线性梯度20-60%MeCN-H2Ow/0.05%v/v HCO2H,历时25min;20 mL/min;220nm检测)。将含有产物的馏分冻干得到二聚体-接头IIIa-6(6.51 mg,20%),其为黄色固体。LC-MS m/z 1461[M+H]+.
实施例16-二聚体IIb-8
该实施例涉及图16A和16B以及合成二聚体IIb-8。
向化合物19(10g,21.44mmol)在丙酮(80mL)中的溶液中加入苄基溴 (5.23ml,44.0mmol,Aldrich)、随后K2CO3(11.85g,86mmol,Aldrich)。将所得的亮黄色反应混合物在80℃搅拌过夜。将黄色反应混合物倒入200mL 冷水中。将固体析出物经滤过收集,用水和乙醚洗涤,并真空干燥得到浅黄色固体(12.8g,92%)。
向来自前述步骤的析出物(12.8g,19.80mmol)在THF(75mL)和MeOH (25mL)中的混悬液中加入NaOH(39.6ml,119mmol,3.0N)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌过夜得到浅棕色均匀溶液。将反应混合物真空浓缩,除去大部分有机溶剂。将残留物用1.0N HCl中和为pH 2-3。将形成的固体经滤过收集,用水和乙醚洗涤得到灰白色固体。将固体真空干燥过夜得到化合物92,其为白色固体(10.21g,83%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.47(s,2H),7.42-7.36 (m,10H),7.16(s,2H),5.18(s,4H),4.31(t,J=5.9Hz,4H),2.41(t,J=5.9Hz, 2H).MS(ESI+)m/z 619.5(M+H)+.
将化合物92经化合物93和94转化为化合物95,按照在实施例14和图4A中所述操作。
向含有Pd(OH)2/炭(0.060g,0.085mmol,Aldrich)的压力烧瓶中加入化合物95(0.94g,0.853mmol)在MeOH(10mL)和EtOAc(10mL)中的溶液。将所得的反应混合物在20psi压力的氢气下搅拌2h并在40psi压力的氢气下搅拌另外的2h。将反应混合物经CELITETM垫滤过,用EtOAc洗涤。将滤液真空浓缩得到650mg化合物96,其为淡橙色固体(650mg,83%)。MS(ESI+) m/z 921.6(M+H)+.
向化合物96(101mg,0.110mmol)和1,4-二溴丁烷96a(189mg,0.877 mmol,Aldrich)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液中加入K2CO3(45.5mg,0.329mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用水稀释。将析出的固体经滤过收集,并经快速色谱纯化得到化合物97,其为半固体(110mg,84%)。MS (ESI+)m/z 1191.6(M+H)+.
向化合物97(470mg,0.395mmol)和(4-(氨基甲基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 97a(88mg,0.395mmol,Aldrich)在DMF(4mL)中的溶液中加入K2CO3(164 mg,1.184mmol)。将反应混合物在85℃加热3h。将反应混合物用水稀释并用DCM(3x)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物干燥并浓缩,并经快速色谱纯化得到化合物98,其为半固体(175mg,35%)。MS(ESI+)m/z 1251.5(M+H)+.
在RT向化合物98(78.5mg,0.063mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(0.022mL, 0.188mmol,Aldrich)在DCM(1.0mL)中的溶液中加入三氟甲磺酸三甲基甲硅烷基酯(TMS-OTf,0.034mL,0.188mmol,Aidrich)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌1h。将反应混合物用DCM稀释并用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。将有机相干燥,浓缩,并经快速色谱纯化得到化合物99,其为半固体(23mg,32%)。 MS(ESI+)m/z 1152.6(M+H)+.
向化合物99(46mg,0.040mmol)在THF(1mL)中的-78℃溶液中加入的溶液(0.399mL,0.399mmol,1M在THF中,Aldrich)。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1h。将反应混合物用水淬灭并用氯仿(2x)、然后10%MeOH/氯仿(2x)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物干燥,浓缩并经制备性 HPLC纯化。将含有产物的馏分用NaHCO3中和,并用氯仿(2x)和10% MeOH/氯仿(2x)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。然后历时一个周末将产物置于高真空得到二聚体IIb-8,其为白色固体(12 mg,32%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61-7.55(m,4H),7.49(d,J=7.9Hz, 2H),7.42-7.31(m,6H),7.09(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.86-6.82(m 2H),6.55(s,2H), 5.03(d,J=15.5Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=15.5Hz,2H),4.37-4.29(m,8H),4.01-3.88 (m,4H),3.37-3.07(m,4H),2.52(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),1.93-1.85(m 6H),1.71 -1.60(m,8H).MS(ESI+)m/z 859.2(M+H)+.
实施例17-额外的二聚体和二聚体-接头
按照如上所述的合成原理,制备以下额外的二聚体和二聚体接头:
二聚体IIa-2:LCMS(M+H)=615.21H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68 (d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),6.88(s,2H),4.39-4.25(m,4H),4.23-4.15(m, 2H),4.14-4.06(m,2H),3.83(ddd,J=11.7,7.2,4.3Hz,2H),3.76(dt,J=7.6,4.0 Hz,2H),3.65-3.55(m,2H),2.40-2.29(m,6H),2.13-2.01(m,4H),1.84-1.7 (m,4H),1.64-1.52(m.,4H),1.48-1.42(m,4H).
二聚体IIa-5:LCMS(M+H)=657.41H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.69 (d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.55(s,2H),6.84(s,2H),4.36-4.17(m,6H),4.15-4.08(m, 2H),3.84(ddd,J=11.7,7.2,4.3Hz,2H),3.78-3.72(m,2H),3.67-3.56(m,2H), 2.46-2.30(m,6H),2.16-2.03(m,4H),1.88-1.78(m,4H),1.65-1.50(m,6H), 1.48-1.34(m,8H).
二聚体IIa-6:LCMS(M+H)=671.41H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68 (d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.53(s,2H),6.84(s,2H),4.34-4.15(m,6H),4.12-4.05(m,2H),3.84(ddd,J=11.7,7.2,4.3Hz,2H),3.78-3.73(m,2H),3.66-3.56(m,2H), 2.52-2.30(m,6H),2.17-2.02(m,4H),1.92-1.77(m,4H),1.65-1.50(m,6H), 1.43-1.27(m,10H).
二聚体IIa-7:LCMS(M+H)=685.31H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68 (d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),6.83(s,2H),4.22-4.03(m,10H),3.84(ddd, J=11.7,7.1,4.5Hz,3H),3.76(dt,J=7.5,4.0Hz,2H),3.61(dt,J=11.8,7.8Hz, 2H),2.34(td,J=6.7,2.6Hz,4H),2.08(d,J=5.1Hz,4H),1.99-1.92(m,5H), 1.88-1.76(m,8H),1.59-1.50(m,14H),1.47-1.38(m,7H).
二聚体IIa-8。LCMS(M+H)=699.51H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68 (d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.52(s,2H),6.81(s,2H),4.23-4.01(m,10H),3.84(ddd, J=11.7,7.2,4.3Hz,2H),3.78-3.71(m,2H),3.61(dt,J=11.9,7.6Hz,2H),2.34 (td,J=6.7,2.9Hz,4H),2.09(dd,J=6.9,4.7Hz,4H),2.00-1.92(m,5H),1.88- 1.72(m,8H),1.58(br.s.,13H),1.39(d,J=6.2Hz,12H).
二聚体IIa-10:LC-MSm/z665[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.68(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.50(s,2H),6.84(s,2H),5.47-5.43(m,2H),5.23-5.14 (m,4H),4.34-4.20(m,8H),4.18-4.11(m,2H),4.10-4.02(m,2H),3.93-3.86 (m,2H),3.18-3.08(m,2H),2.99-2.90(m,2H),2.40-2.29(m,2H),2.09-2.01 (m,4H),1.87-1.76(m,4H),1.64-1.56(m,4H).
二聚体IIa-11:LC-MSm/z667[M+H]+.
二聚体IIa-12:LC-MSm/z639[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.68(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.51(s,2H),6.86(s,2H),5.22-5.15(m,J=4.0Hz,4H), 4.36-4.23(m,8H),4.21-4.14(m,2H),4.12-4.05(m,2H),3.93-3.87(m,2H), 3.17-3.07(m,2H),2.99-2.90(m,2H),2.34(quin,J=6.2Hz,2H),1.84-1.75 (m,4H),1.63-1.54(m,4H),1.48-1.40(m,4H).
二聚体IIa-13:LC-MSm/z643[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.67(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.49(s,2H),6.86(s,2H),5.22-5.13(m,4H),4.40-4.25 (m,10H),4.23-4.17(m,2H),3.94-3.85(m,6H),3.84-3.77(m,4H),3.18- 3.05(m,2H),2.97-2.89(m,2H),2.32(quin,J=6.0Hz,2H).
二聚体IIa-14:LC-MSm/z672.5[M+H2O+H]+.
二聚体IIb-1:LC-MSm/z739[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.55 (s,2H),7.49(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.41-7.30(m,8H),6.87(s,2H),5.02(d,J=15.6 Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),4.38-4.24(m,4H),4.24-4.16(m,2H),4.10 (dt,J=9.7,5.1Hz,2H),4.01-3.94(m,2H),3.34-3.24(m,2H),3.22-3.11(m, 2H),2.35(quin,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.91-1.74(m,4H),1.59(d,J=5.9Hz,6H),1.50 -1.40(m,4H),0.97-0.82(m,2H).
二聚体IIb-2:LC-MSm/z767[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.53(s,2H),7.47(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.39-7.29(m,8H),6.81(s,2H),5.01(d, J=15.6Hz,2H),4.56(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),4.33-4.14(m,6H),4.11-4.04(m,2H), 3.99-3.93(m,2H),3.31-3.24(m,2H),3.19-3.13(m,2H),2.39(quin,J=6.7 Hz,2H),1.83-1.75(m,4H),1.62-1.52(m,4H),1.41-1.32(m,8H).
二聚体IIb-3:LC-MSm/z739[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.27(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.88(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),7.56(s,2H),7.32-7.20(m,4H), 7.14-7.08(m,2H),6.86(s,2H),4.50(dt,J=10.9,4.2Hz,2H),4.38-4.05(m, 8H),3.78-3.67(m,2H),3.55-3.46(m,2H),2.47-2.36(m,2H),1.83-1.76(m, 4H),1.59(s,4H),1.42-1.31(m,8H).
二聚体IIb-4:LC-MS m/z 743.2(M+H)+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3-d) δ7.53(s,2H),7.47(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),7.40-7.29(m,8H),6.86(s,2H),5.01(d, J=15.6Hz,2H),4.54(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),4.37-4.27(m,6H),4.24-4.18(m,2H),3.97-3.88(m,6H),3.82(d,J=1.1Hz,4H),3.31-3.23(m,2H),3.19- 3.11(m,2H),2.37-2.29(m,2H).
二聚体IIb-7.LC-MS m/z 758.6(M+H)+;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ7.48(s,2H),7.43(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.36-7.26(m, 4H),7.04(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.87(s,2H),6.52(br.s.,2H),4.91(d,J=15.3Hz, 2H),4.53(d,J=15.0Hz,2H),4.30-4.20(m,6H),4.20-4.16(m,2H),3.91- 3.88(m,6H),3.65(s,4H),3.46-3.45(m,2H),3.10-3.06(m.,2H),2.25-2.17 (m,2H).
二聚体IIc-1:LC-MSm/z791[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ 7.91(d,J=3.7Hz,2H),7.56-7.51(m,4H),7.49-7.32(m,10H),6.86(s,2H), 4.51-4.42(m,2H),4.37-3.84(m,8H),3.68-3.58(m,2H),3.48-3.38(m,2H), 2.49-2.36(m,2H),1.87-1.74(m,4H),1.69-1.20(m,12H).
二聚体IIc-2:LC-MSm/z907[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.89(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.53(s,2H),7.41-7.39(m,2H),7.37-7.33(m,4H), 6.94-6.89(m,4H),6.82(s,2H),4.47-4.38(m,2H),4.21-3.96(m,8H),3.84(s, 6H),3.59(ddd,J=16.2,11.4,1.9Hz,2H),3.39(ddd,J=16.4,5.2,1.5Hz,2H), 2.03-1.92(m,4H),1.86-1.70(m,6H),1.62-1.51(m,4H),1.45-1.30(m, 12H).
二聚体IIc-3:LC-MSm/z996[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.89(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.52(s,2H),7.42-7.38(m,2H),7.35-7.32(m,4H), 6.97-6.91(m,4H),6.82(s,2H),4.46-4.38(m,2H),4.20-4.03(m,12H),3.80 -3.75(m,4H),3.63-3.54(m,2H),3.48-3.47(m,6H),3.42-3.34(m,2H),2.04 -1.92(m,4H),1.86-1.71(m,6H),1.60-1.51(m,4H),1.45-1.29(m,12H).
二聚体IIc-4:LC-MSm/z1017[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ 7.88(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.52(s,2H),7.39(s,2H),7.33(d,J=8.6Hz,4H),6.91(d, J=9.0Hz,4H),6.82(s,2H),4.46-4.37(m,2H),4.21-4.01(m,8H),3.91-3.85 (m,8H),3.63-3.53(m,2H),3.42-3.35(m,2H),3.23-3.16(m,8H),1.97(quin, J=6.9Hz,4H),1.86-1.72(m,6H),1.56(s,4H),1.44-1.22(m,12H).
二聚体IIc-5:LC-MSm/z1061[M+H2O]+;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ 7.88(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.55-7.51(m,2H),7.38(s,2H),7.31(d,J=8.8Hz,4H), 6.92(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.81(s,2H),4.45-4.37(m,2H),4.20-4.01(m,8H), 3.62-3.52(m,2H),3.43-3.33(m,2H),3.30-3.23(m,8H),2.63-2.57(m,8H),2.37(s,6H),1.97(quin,J=7.0Hz,4H),1.87-1.71(m,6H),1.66-1.48(m,4H), 1.43-1.22(m,12H).
二聚体IIc-6:LC-MS m/z 767[M+H]+.
二聚体-接头IIIa-7:LC-MS m/z 777[M+2H]+.
二聚体-接头IIIa-8:LC-MS m/z 1352.8[M+H]+.
二聚体-接头IIIa-9:LC-MS m/z 1734.2[M+H]+.
二聚体-接头IIIa-10:LC-MS m/z 1633[M+H]+.
二聚体-接头IIIa-12:LC-MS m/z 1707[M+H]+.
实施例18-生物学活性(二聚体)
本发明二聚体对各种不同的癌细胞系的细胞毒性活性显示于表4。H226 为人肺癌细胞系。N87为人胃癌细胞系。OVCAR3为人卵巢癌细胞系。 HCT116为人结肠癌细胞系。HCT116/VM46为多药和紫杉醇耐药的人结肠癌细胞系。
实施例19-生物学活性(ADC)
图17显示用二聚体-接头IIIa-7制备的两个ADC的活性,其中一个用抗-CD70抗体制备且一个用抗-间皮素抗体制备。按照大体上如上所述的操作制备ADC。其各自所具有的药物-抗体比为约2。使用3H胸苷掺入测定测量活性,其中放射标记的胸苷的掺入减少表明抑制细胞增殖(Cong et.al.,US 8,980,824 B2(2015))。由图可知,两个ADC均具有活性,其EC50值在纳摩尔或更小的范围内。
实施例20-比较活性
表5比较了本发明二聚体与具有如式A-4所示的结构的非大环PBD的细胞毒性活性。值得注意的是,大环似乎不会引入干扰两个苯并二氮杂环移入DNA小沟的能力的构象限制,如相当的且在某些情形下优异的细胞毒性效能所证实。
本发明的前述详细描述包括主要或仅涉及本发明的特定部分或方面的段落。应当理解的是,出于清楚及便利的目的,特定特征可不仅在公开该特征的段落中相关,且本文的公开包括不同段落中存在的信息的所有适当组合。类似地,尽管本文的各图及描述涉及本发明的特定实施方案,但应当理解的是,若特定特征公开于特定图或实施方案的情形下,则所述特征也可以适当程度与另一特征组合用于另一图或实施方案的情形下或用于通常本发明中。
此外,尽管本发明尤其关于某些优选实施方案进行描述,但本发明并不限于所述优选实施方案。更确切地说,本发明的范围由随附权利要求所限定。
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Claims (19)
1.苯并二氮杂二聚体或其药用盐,其具有由式I表示的结构:
X为
X1为CH2、O、NH、S(O)0-2、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的3-至7-元亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基,或未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的5-至6-元亚芳基或亚杂芳基;
每个X2独立地为Me、CO2H、NH2、NH(C1-C5烷基)、N(C1-C5烷基)2、SH、CHO、N(CH2CH2)2N(C1-C3烷基)、N(CH2CH2)2NH、NHNH2或C(=O)NHNH2;
Y为(CH2)4-6CH=CH(CH2)4-6、(CH2)4-6X1(CH2)4-6或(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)2-3;
R1和R2各自独立地为H、F、Cl、Br、OH、C1-C3烷基、O(C1-C3烷基)、氰基、(CH2)0-5NH2或NO2;
二氮杂环系中的每个双线独立地表示单键或双键;
若与R3所连接的N连接的双线为单键,则每个R3为H,且若所述双线为双键,则R3不存在;
若与R4所连接的C连接的双线为单键,则每个R4为H、OH、SO3Na或SO3K,且若所述双线为双键,则R4不存在;
A和B独立地为式Ia或Ib
其中在式Ia中,
Y’和Y”独立地为不存在、CH2、C=O或CHR12;其中每个R12独立地为F、Cl、Br或C1-C3烷基,条件是Y’和Y”不同时不存在;
每个G独立地为C或N,条件是不多于两个G为N;且
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为H、C1-C5烷基、C≡C(CH2)1-5X2、OH、O(C1-C5烷基)、氰基、NO2、F、Cl、Br、O(CH2CH2O)1-8(C1-3烷基)、(CH2)0-5X2、O(CH2)2-5X2、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的3-至7-元环烷基或杂环烷基、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的5-至6-元芳基或杂芳基、
或当R5、R6、R7或R8所连接的G为N时,所述R5、R6、R7或R8不存在;
且
其中在式Ib中,
虚线表示任选存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键;
R10为H、=O、=CH2、=CH(C1-C5烷基)、CH=CH(CH2)1-5X2、C≡C(CH2)1-5X2、C1-C5烷基、OH、O(C1-C5烷基)、氰基、NO2、F、Cl、Br、O(CH2CH2O)1-8(C1-3烷基)、(CH2)0-5X2、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的4-至7-元芳基、杂芳基、环烷基或杂环烷基、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的3-至7-元环烷基或杂环烷基、未经取代或取代有(CH2)0-5X2或O(CH2)2-5X2的5-至6-元芳基或杂芳基;且
若存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键,则R9不存在,否则R9为H。
2.权利要求1的苯并二氮杂二聚体,其具有由式IIa表示的结构:
其中
x为3或5;
Y为(CH2)7-12、(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)1-3、(CH2)2-4NH(CH2)2-4或(CH2)2-4NH((CH2)0-1苯基)(CH2)2-4,其中所述苯基任选取代有NH2;
A为A1、A2或A3
且
B为B1、B2或B3
3.权利要求1的苯并二氮杂二聚体,其具有由式IIb表示的结构:
其中
x为3或5;
每个Y’独立地为不存在或CH2;
Y为(CH2)7-12、(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)1-3、(CH2)2-4NH(CH2)2-4或(CH2)2-4NH((CH2)0-1苯基)(CH2)2-4,其中所述苯基任选取代有NH2;且
R40和R41独立地为H、Cl、Br、OH、O(C1-3烷基)、NH2或C1-3烷基。
4.权利要求1的苯并二氮杂二聚体,其具有由式IIc表示的结构:
其中
x为3或5;
Y为(CH2)7-12、(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)1-3、(CH2)2-4NH(CH2)2-4或(CH2)2-4NH((CH2)0-1苯基)(CH2)2-4,其中所述苯基任选取代有NH2;且
R42和R43独立地为H、OMe、NH2、OCH2CH2OMe、N(CH2CH2)O、N(CH2CH2)NMe或N(CH2CH2)NH。
5.权利要求1的苯并二氮杂二聚体,其具有由式IIb-6、IIc-8、IIc-9、IIc-10、IIc-11、IId-1、IId-2或IId-3表示的结构。
6.苯并二氮杂二聚体-接头化合物,其具有由式III表示的结构:
其中
R60为式IIIa、IIIa’或IIIa”
Y为(CH2)6-10;
x为3或5;
每个y独立地为2、3或4;
A和B独立地为式Ia或Ib
其中在式Ia中,
Y’和Y”独立地为不存在、CH2、C=O或CHR12;其中每个R12独立地为F、Cl、Br或C1-C3烷基,条件是Y’和Y”不同时不存在;
每个G独立地为C或N,条件是不多于两个G为N;且
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、O(C1-3烷基)或(OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基);
或当R5、R6、R7或R8所连接的G为N时,所述R5、R6、R7或R8不存在;
且
其中在式Ib中,
虚线表示任选存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键;
若存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键,则R9不存在,否则R9为H;
R10为H、Cl、Br、=CH2、=CH(C1-5烷基)、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN或NH2;
A’为
R50为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、O(C1-3烷基)或(OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基)(优选H);
R51为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN或NH2;
T为自消耗基团;
t为0或1;
AAa和每个AAb独立地选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸;
p为1、2、3或4;
q为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;
r为1、2、3、4或5;
s为0或1;且
R31为
7.权利要求6的苯并二氮杂二聚体-接头化合物,其中R60为IIIa。
8.权利要求6的苯并二氮杂二聚体-接头化合物,其中R60为IIIa’。
9.权利要求6的苯并二氮杂二聚体-接头化合物,其中R60为IIIa”。
10.权利要求6的苯并二氮杂二聚体接头化合物,其具有由式IIIa-1、IIIa-2、IIIa-3、IIIa-4、IIIa-5、IIIa-6或IIIa-7表示的结构。
11.缀合物,包含权利要求1的苯并二氮杂二聚体,其与抗体缀合。
12.权利要求11的缀合物,其具有由式IV表示的结构:
其中
Ab为抗体;
m为1、2、3或4;
R40为
其中键合至Ab的R40的开放价键由星号(*)表示,且键合至(CH2)r的R40的开放价键由波浪线表示;
R60为式IIIa、IIIa’或IIIa”
Y为(CH2)6-10;
x为3或5;
每个y独立地为2、3或4;
A和B独立地为式Ia或Ib
其中在式Ia中,
Y’和Y”独立地为不存在、CH2、C=O或CHR12;其中每个R12独立地为F、Cl、Br或C1-C3烷基,条件是Y’和Y”不同时不存在;
每个G独立地为C或N,条件是不多于两个G为N;且
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、O(C1-3烷基)或(OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基)(优选H);
或当R5、R6、R7或R8所连接的G为N时,所述R5、R6、R7或R8不存在;
且
其中在式Ib中,
虚线表示任选存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键;
若存在C1-C2、C2-C3或C2-R10双键,则R9不存在,否则R9为H;
R10为H、Cl、Br、=CH2、=CH(C1-5烷基)、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN或NH2;
A’为
R50为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、O(C1-3烷基)或(OCH2CH2)1-2O(C1-3烷基);
R51为H、Cl、Br、C1-3烷基、NO2、CN、NH2;
T为自消耗基团;
t为0或1;
AAa和每个AAb独立地选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸;
p为1、2、3或4;
q为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;
r为1、2、3、4或5;且
s为0或1。
13.权利要求12的缀合物,其中R60为IIIa。
14.权利要求12的缀合物,其中R60为IIia’。
15.权利要求12的缀合物,其中R60为IIIa”。
16.药物制剂,包含权利要求11或12的缀合物和药用赋形剂。
17.在患有癌症的受试者中治疗所述癌症的方法,包括向所述受试者给予治疗有效量的权利要求1的苯并二氮杂二聚体或权利要求11或12的其缀合物。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中给予权利要求12的苯并二氮杂二聚体的缀合物。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述癌症为肺癌、胃癌或卵巢癌。
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