CN108384938B - Method and device for shape-following constraint rolling refinement of crystal grains in additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method and device for shape-following constraint rolling refinement of crystal grains in additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108384938B CN108384938B CN201710009692.XA CN201710009692A CN108384938B CN 108384938 B CN108384938 B CN 108384938B CN 201710009692 A CN201710009692 A CN 201710009692A CN 108384938 B CN108384938 B CN 108384938B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for carrying out shape-following constraint rolling grain refinement in additive manufacturing. The invention provides a method and a device for shape-following constrained rolling additive manufacturing, which adopts a novel process method of side-following constrained and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing for a semi-solid blank in the melting additive process. The technology can produce continuous rolling effect in the forming process, can effectively crush the dendrites, increase nucleation, greatly reduce the tendency of columnar crystal/dendrite of the additive manufacturing component, effectively improve the forming precision and the utilization rate of materials through side constraint, can realize stable additive manufacturing of the complex parts made of difficult-to-form materials, and is suitable for being applied to short-flow, high-quality, high-efficiency and integral manufacturing of large and medium-sized aviation structural components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a method and a device for shape-following constraint rolling grain refinement in additive manufacturing.
Background
The design and manufacturing concept of additive manufacturing is developing more and more towards the trend of light weight, long service life and low cost. The conventional production and manufacturing of parts are mainly completed by the conventional casting, forging and welding methods, which makes the product have contradictions between difficult weight reduction, long period, high cost and the like and contradictory with the design concept and cost budget, so that it is necessary to develop and research an efficient alloy design and manufacturing method and equipment manufacturing technology considering the multiple constraints of weight, service life, cost, period, materials, processes and the like. At present, plasma arc/arc fuse additive manufacturing and electron beam fuse additive manufacturing can realize integrated multi-batch and small-batch high-efficiency manufacturing of larger components due to high production efficiency, but the defects of large crystal grains, obvious anisotropy and the like in the forming process are the key points of research of scientific research institutes and colleges thereof, and based on the currently mainly adopted methods, the method comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic stirring molten pool method, the magnetoelectric cooperative control stirring molten pool method, the micro-casting and forging grain refining method and the like all achieve certain effects, but have the problems of low efficiency, low forming precision and the like, so that the innovative and more effective method for refining the grains is needed.
The existing melting additive manufacturing technology mainly depends on a heat source to melt metal and directly manufacture, and the product structure of the existing melting additive manufacturing technology is generally cast columnar crystal/dendrite or mixed structure of dendrite and equiaxed crystal, and has obvious directionality and anisotropy. From the aspect of grain size, the problems are determined by the lack of a grain refining link and the inherent thermodynamic, kinetic and geometric characteristics of unconstrained free micro-casting deposition forming under the conditions of mobile heat and mass transfer, and are difficult to be fundamentally solved only by changing the material components, process parameters and other approaches. In the prior art, the front side is rolled by a single roller or is hammered on the front side, and the technical problems of fur cracking, low manufacturing precision, uneven rolling and the like can be caused in the manufacturing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for synchronously compounding side constraint and synchronous rolling of a melting additive manufacturing process. The invention aims at the cladding layer blank in the additive manufacturing process, and adopts a side-edge-following constraint and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing method, so that the forming precision and the material utilization rate can be improved, the crystallization rate is improved, and the crystal grains are refined.
The invention provides a method for shape-following constraint rolling refinement of crystal grains in additive manufacturing, which is characterized in that in the melting additive manufacturing process, a cladding layer forming blank is formed by adopting a side-following constraint and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing method, the forming precision and the material utilization rate are improved through the side-following constraint, columnar crystals/dendrites are crushed through synchronous rolling, the nucleation rate is increased, the crystallization rate is improved, and the crystal grains are refined.
Furthermore, the melting point of the material of the restraint plate used in the side-edge compliance restraint and the material of the roller used in the synchronous rolling are at least 600 ℃ higher than that of the formed blank, the requirements on the strength and the rigidity of the rolling are met, and the restraint plate and the roller synchronously advance along with the additive manufacturing movement in the forming process.
Furthermore, the restraining plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the formed blank, the lower end faces of the restraining plates are flush with the top face of the formed blank, the height of the restraining plates is 1-1.6 times of the thickness of the cladding layer formed blank, and the restraining plates on the two sides apply force equivalently in opposite directions in the forming process.
Further, the roller is arranged between the two side restraining plates, a gap is reserved between the roller and the restraining plates to form a flash area, the roller is tightly attached to the cladding layer forming blank in the forming process and is pressed in a rolling mode, and the downward pressure and the rolling speed of the roller are determined according to the material of the forming blank.
Further, the rolls include a first stage roll for rolling the liquid-semi solid billet, a second stage roll for rolling the semi solid billet, and a third stage roll for flattening the flash region.
The invention provides a shape-following constraint rolling additive manufacturing method, which adopts a novel process method of side-following constraint and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing for a semi-solid blank in the melting additive manufacturing process. The technology can produce continuous rolling effect in the forming process, can effectively crush the dendrites, increase nucleation, greatly reduce the tendency of columnar crystal/dendrite of the additive manufacturing component, effectively improve the forming precision and the utilization rate of materials through side constraint, can realize stable additive manufacturing of the complex parts made of difficult-to-form materials, and is suitable for being applied to short-flow, high-quality, high-efficiency and integral manufacturing of large and medium-sized aviation structural components.
The invention also provides a device for shape-following constraint rolling refinement of crystal grains in additive manufacturing, which comprises: the left restraining plate and the right restraining plate are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the formed blank, and the lower end surfaces of the left restraining plate and the right restraining plate are flush with the upper surface of the formed blank; the roller is arranged between the left side restriction plate and the right side restriction plate, a gap is reserved between the end surfaces of the two sides of the roller and the corresponding side restriction plate to form a flash area, and the roller is tightly attached to a cladding layer forming blank in the forming process and is pressed in a rolling mode; a heat source disposed above the cladding layer-forming blank; and the substrate is arranged on the lower side of the forming blank and is connected with the bottom surface of the forming blank.
Further, rollers are arranged at the contact positions of the restraining plates and the formed blanks, the distance between the front edges of the rollers and the front edges of the restraining plates is 0.2-0.5 times of the diameter of the rollers, the number of the rollers is 2 or more than 2, the distance between every two adjacent rollers is 1.5-5 times of the diameter of the rollers, and the height of each roller is 1-1.2 times of the height of the corresponding restraining plate.
Further, the rollers comprise a first-stage roller, a second-stage roller and a third-stage roller, and the distance between the first-stage roller and the second-stage roller is equal to the distance between the second-stage roller and the third-stage roller.
Further, the material of the restraining plates and rolls has a melting point at least 600 ℃ higher than the melting point of the formed blank.
Furthermore, guide units are installed at the front end and the rear end of the restraint plate, and each guide unit comprises a left restraint plate guide unit installed at the front end and the rear end of the left restraint plate and a right restraint plate guide unit installed at the front end and the rear end of the right restraint plate.
The invention provides a device for shape-following constrained rolling additive manufacturing, which adopts a novel process method of side-following constrained and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing to form a semi-solid blank in the melting additive manufacturing process. The technology can produce continuous rolling effect in the forming process, can effectively crush the dendrites, increase nucleation, greatly reduce the tendency of columnar crystal/dendrite of the additive manufacturing component, effectively improve the forming precision and the utilization rate of materials through side constraint, can realize stable additive manufacturing of the complex parts made of difficult-to-form materials, and is suitable for being applied to short-flow, high-quality, high-efficiency and integral manufacturing of large and medium-sized aviation structural components.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for shape-dependent constrained roll-refining grains in additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of an apparatus for shape-dependent constrained roll-refining grains in additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of an apparatus for shape-dependent constrained roll-refining grains in additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings are labeled:
1 direction of additive manufacturing
2 base plate
3 forming blank
4 left side restraint board
5 left driving roller
6 third-stage roller
7 right driving roller
8 third stage roll rotation direction
9 third-stage roller rotating shaft
10 second stage roll
11 direction of rotation of the second stage roll
12 second-stage roller rotating shaft
13 first stage roll
14 central axis of heat source
15 first-stage roller rotating shaft
16 direction of rotation of first stage roll
17 right side restraint board
18 heat source
19 left side clamping force
20 right side clamping force
21 first layer additive manufacturing formed blank
22 second layer additive manufacturing shaped blank
23 nth layer additive manufacturing forming blank
32 left side restraint panel guide unit
36 distance between two adjacent rollers
37 distance between front edge of roller and front edge of restraining plate
42 right binding plate guide unit.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A method for thinning crystal grains by shape-following constraint rolling in additive manufacturing is characterized in that in the melting additive manufacturing process, a cladding layer forming blank is formed by a side-following constraint and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing method, the forming precision and the material utilization rate are improved through the side-following constraint, columnar crystals/dendrites are crushed by synchronous rolling, the nucleation rate is increased, the crystallization rate is improved, and the crystal grains are thinned. Wherein the restraint plates used in the side-edge compliance restraint and the rolls used in the simultaneous rolling have a material melting point at least 600 ℃ higher than the melting point of the formed blank, and the restraint plates and rolls advance synchronously with the additive manufacturing motion during the forming process. Preferably, the rolls include a first stage roll for rolling the liquid-semi solid billet, a second stage roll for rolling the semi solid billet, and a third stage roll for flattening the flash region.
In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the constraining plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the formed blank, the lower end surfaces of the constraining plates are flush with the top surface of the formed blank, the height of the constraining plates is 1-1.6 times of the thickness of the cladding layer formed blank, and the constraining plates on both sides are equivalently applied with force in opposite directions during the forming process.
When the rolling mill works specifically, the purpose that single-layer metal is rolled to crush the sub-crystals and the purpose that the single-layer metal is rolled and the pressure below the rolling mill are selected to complete the rolling, the left and right restraint plates provide opposite clamping force, the restraint plates can effectively prevent metal cracking in the rolling process, and the flash area is arranged so that redundant metal materials can overflow through the flash area in the rolling process, the rolling efficiency is increased, and a blank is continuously formed, rolled, formed and accurately formed. Finally, the purpose of crushing the branch crystal and fully refining the crystal grains is achieved.
In one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the roller is arranged between the two restraining plates, a gap is reserved between the roller and the restraining plates to form a flash area, the roller is tightly attached to the cladding layer forming blank during the forming process and is pressed in a rolling mode, and the downward pressure and the rolling speed of the roller are determined according to the material of the forming blank.
The invention provides a shape-following constraint rolling additive manufacturing method, which adopts a novel process method of side-following constraint and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing for a semi-solid blank in the melting additive manufacturing process. The technology can produce continuous rolling effect in the forming process, can effectively crush the dendrites, increase nucleation, greatly reduce the tendency of columnar crystal/dendrite of the additive manufacturing component, effectively improve the forming precision and the utilization rate of materials through side constraint, can realize stable additive manufacturing of the complex parts made of difficult-to-form materials, and is suitable for being applied to short-flow, high-quality, high-efficiency and integral manufacturing of large and medium-sized aviation structural components.
The invention also provides a device for shape-following restraining rolling refining crystal grains in additive manufacturing, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the left restraining plate 4 and the right restraining plate 17 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the formed blank 3, and the lower end surfaces of the left restraining plate 4 and the right restraining plate 17 are flush with the upper surface of the formed blank 3; the roller is arranged between the left restraining plate 4 and the right restraining plate 17, a gap is reserved between the end surfaces of the two sides of the roller and the corresponding side restraining plates to form a flash area, and the roller is tightly attached to a cladding layer forming blank in the forming process and is pressed in a rolling mode; a heat source 18, the heat source 18 being disposed above the cladding-layer-forming blank; and a substrate 2, wherein the substrate 2 is arranged below the forming blank 3 and is connected with the bottom surface of the forming blank 3. Preferably, the constraining plate has a roller in contact with the shaped blank 3, the distance 37 between the leading edge of the roller and the leading edge of the constraining plate being 0.2-0.5 times the diameter of the roller, which is 1-3 times the thickness of the clad layer shaped blank. The number of the rollers is 2 or more than 2, the distance 36 between two adjacent rollers is 1.5-5 times of the diameter of the roller, wherein the left restraint plate 4 is provided with 2 or more than 2 left driving rollers 5, the right restraint plate 17 is provided with 2 or more than 2 right driving rollers 7, and the height of the roller is 1-1.2 times of the height of the corresponding restraint plate. The material of the restraining plates and rollers has a melting point at least 600 ℃ higher than the melting point of the formed blank.
In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the rolls include a first stage roll 13, a second stage roll 10 and a third stage roll 6, and the distance between the first stage roll 13 and the second stage roll 10 is equal to the distance between the second stage roll 10 and the third stage roll 6.
In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, guide units are installed at the front and rear ends of the restraining plate, and the guide units include a left restraining plate guide unit 32 installed at the front and rear ends of the left restraining plate and a right restraining plate guide unit 42 installed at the front and rear ends of the right restraining plate.
In a specific operation, the heat source 18 irradiates on the surface of the additive material of the cladding layer, which may be a high-energy beam or an electric arc, and preferably, the heat source central axis 15 of the heat source 18 falls on the central line of the cladding layer. During forming, a left clamping force 19 is applied to the left restraining plate 4, a right clamping force 20 is applied to the right restraining plate 17, and meanwhile, the first-stage roller 13 is driven to rotate and advance around the first-stage roller rotating shaft 15 in the first-stage roller rotating direction 16, the second-stage roller 10 rotates and advances around the second-stage roller rotating shaft 12 in the second-stage roller rotating direction 11, and the third-stage roller 6 rotates and advances around the third-stage roller rotating shaft 9 in the third-stage roller rotating direction 8, wherein the advancing direction is the additive manufacturing direction 1. The positions of the left and right constraining plates are corrected by the left and right constraining- plate guide units 32 and 42 so as to correspond to each other at the same time of the forming. The result of the forming is shown in fig. 2, where a first layer of additive manufacturing formed blank 21, a second layer of additive manufacturing formed blank 22, and up to an nth layer of additive manufacturing formed blank 23 are stacked in sequence, N being a natural number.
The invention provides a device for shape-following constrained rolling additive manufacturing, which adopts a novel process method of side-following constrained and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing to form a semi-solid blank in the melting additive manufacturing process. The technology can produce continuous rolling effect in the forming process, can effectively crush the dendrites, increase nucleation, greatly reduce the tendency of columnar crystal/dendrite of the additive manufacturing component, effectively improve the forming precision and the utilization rate of materials through side constraint, can realize stable additive manufacturing of the complex parts made of difficult-to-form materials, and is suitable for being applied to short-flow, high-quality, high-efficiency and integral manufacturing of large and medium-sized aviation structural components.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for thinning crystal grains by shape-following constraint rolling in additive manufacturing is characterized in that in the melting additive manufacturing process, a cladding layer forming blank is formed by a method of side-following constraint and synchronous rolling composite manufacturing, constraint plates used by the following constraint are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the forming blank, three-stage rollers for synchronous rolling are arranged between the two-stage constraint plates, the constraint plates and the rollers synchronously advance along with additive manufacturing movement in the forming process, forming precision and material utilization rate are improved through the side-following constraint, columnar crystals/dendrites are crushed through the synchronous rolling, nucleation rate is increased, crystallization rate is improved, and the crystal grains are refined.
2. The method for shape constrained roll-refining of grains in additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the material melting point of the constraining plate and the rolling rolls is at least 600 ℃ higher than the melting point of the formed blank and the strength and rigidity requirements of rolling are satisfied.
3. The method for shape-constrained roll-refining grain in additive manufacturing according to claim 2, wherein the lower end surfaces of the two sides of the constraining plates are flush with the top surface of the formed blank, the height of the constraining plates is 1-1.6 times of the thickness of the formed blank of the cladding layer, and the constraining plates on the two sides are equally stressed in opposite directions during the forming process.
4. The method for shape-constrained roll-refining grains according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap is reserved between the roll and the two side constraining plates to form a flash region, and the roll is rolled and pressed to be closely attached to the cladding layer forming blank during the forming process, wherein the down pressure and the rolling speed of the roll are determined according to the material of the forming blank.
5. The method of shape constrained roll refining of a grain in additive manufacturing as set forth in claim 4, wherein said rolls comprise a first stage roll for rolling a liquid-semi solid billet, a second stage roll for rolling a semi solid billet, and a third stage roll for flattening a flash region.
6. An apparatus for shape constrained roll refining of grains in additive manufacturing, comprising:
the left restraining plate and the right restraining plate are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the formed blank, and the lower end surfaces of the left restraining plate and the right restraining plate are flush with the upper surface of the formed blank;
the roller is arranged between the left side restriction plate and the right side restriction plate, a gap is reserved between the end surfaces of the two sides of the roller and the corresponding side restriction plate to form a flash area, and the roller is tightly attached to a cladding layer forming blank in the forming process and is pressed in a rolling mode;
a heat source disposed above the cladding layer-forming blank;
and the substrate is arranged on the lower side of the forming blank and is connected with the bottom surface of the forming blank.
7. The apparatus for shape-constrained roll-refining grain in additive manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein the constraining plate has rollers at the contact position with the shaped ingot, the distance between the front edge of the roller and the front edge of the constraining plate is 0.2-0.5 times the diameter of the roller, the number of the rollers is 2 or more, the distance between two adjacent rollers is 1.5-5 times the diameter of the roller, and the height of the roller is 1-1.2 times the height of the corresponding constraining plate.
8. The apparatus for conforma constrained roll grain refinement in additive manufacturing of claim 6, wherein said rolls comprise a first stage roll, a second stage roll and a third stage roll, the distance between said first stage roll and said second stage roll being equal to the distance between said second stage roll and said third stage roll.
9. The apparatus for shape constrained roll-refined grain in additive manufacturing of claim 6, wherein the material of the constraining plates and rolls has a melting point at least 600 ℃ higher than the melting point of the shaped billet.
10. The apparatus for shape constrained roll-refining grain according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the constraining plates have guide units installed at front and rear ends thereof, and the guide units comprise left constraining plate guide units installed at front and rear ends of the left constraining plate and right constraining plate guide units installed at front and rear ends of the right constraining plate.
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| CN201710009692.XA CN108384938B (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2017-01-06 | Method and device for shape-following constraint rolling refinement of crystal grains in additive manufacturing |
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| CN109226965B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-06-09 | 浙江海洋大学 | Laminated additive manufacturing device and method for metal foil plate composite material |
| US10907226B2 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-02-02 | The Boeing Company | Methods of modifying material properties of workpieces using high-pressure-torsion apparatuses |
| CN109623180B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-06-04 | 东北大学 | Electric arc additive manufacturing method for magnesium alloy wire |
| CN115106541A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-27 | 季华实验室 | Method and apparatus for additive manufacturing |
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| CN102896173B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-08-27 | 华中科技大学 | Metamorphic forming device for additive manufacturing |
| CN105108339B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-04-19 | 沈阳海纳鑫科技有限公司 | Additive manufacturing method based on titanium and titanium alloy wires |
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