CN108384593A - 一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN108384593A
CN108384593A CN201810445761.6A CN201810445761A CN108384593A CN 108384593 A CN108384593 A CN 108384593A CN 201810445761 A CN201810445761 A CN 201810445761A CN 108384593 A CN108384593 A CN 108384593A
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denitrogenation
ice chest
denitrification column
low pressure
nitrogen
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王科
李娜
韩淑怡
王刚
肖乐
田静
蒲黎明
陈运强
李莹珂
肖俊
高鑫
汤晓勇
杜娟
刘艳
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China National Petroleum Corp
China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/0204Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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    • F25J3/0233Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/08Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J2200/06Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flow-sheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置和方法,工艺装置包括通过管道连接的脱氮冷箱和高压脱氮塔,所述高压脱氮塔底部出口、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔依次连接;所述高压脱氮塔上部出口、换热器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔依次连接;所述低压脱氮塔顶部出口、脱氮冷箱、氮气压缩机、冷却器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔顶部进料口依次连接;所述低压脱氮塔底部出口、第四节流阀、脱氮冷箱、产品气压缩机、冷却器依次连接。与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果是:本发明极大减少了脱除氮气中烃类含量,脱除的氮气纯度≥99mol%。同时利用脱氮液烃节流后为系统提供冷量,取消外部冷剂制冷循环,降低了装置能耗。

Description

一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及天然气处理技术领域,特别涉及一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱除氮气的工艺装置和方法,具体是将天然气中氮气脱除,提高天然气热值的工艺,适用于天然气、煤层气、焦炉煤气等含氮气的烃类混合物的一种或多种。
背景技术
天然气以其优质、高效、清洁等优势在整个能源结构中正逐步的进入鼎盛时期,开发和利用天然气是当今世界能源发展的主要潮流。天然气的主要成分是甲烷、乙烷等烃类,但是很多油气田产出的天然气中含有较高浓度的氮气。近年来在全球范围内形成了页岩气开采热,并取得了显著成就,但是很多页岩气是高含氮天然气。由于氮气是惰性气体,不支持燃烧,当天然气中含氮量较高时,不仅热值降低、集输过程中能耗增大,而且不能直接用作某些天然气汽车和燃料化工原料。在液化天然气厂中,液化天然气中高含氮气会造成液化能耗增大并增加液化天然气储罐中的蒸发气体。
因此脱除高含氮天然气中的氮气,是提高天然气综合利用价值的重要途径。国内外脱氮方法主要有三种:深冷脱氮工艺、溶剂吸收工艺和变压吸附工艺。其中,由于深冷脱氮工艺具有处理量大、氮气脱除率高、技术更加成熟,普遍应用于含氮天然气中氮气的脱除。
中国专利CN201010561795.5公开了一种用于煤层气、合成氨驰放气、甲醇驰放气等含甲烷气体的双塔深冷精馏脱氮制取天然气/液化天然气的方法,将高压精馏塔顶不凝气进一步冷凝后作为低压精馏塔的顶部回流。当原料气中氮气含量低时,脱除的氮气中含有较多的甲烷等烃类,导致天然气收率降低。因此应当控制脱除的氮气中甲烷等烃类的含量,提高天然气收率,增强经济效益。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点,本发明提供了一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置和方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,包括通过管道连接的脱氮冷箱和高压脱氮塔,所述高压脱氮塔底部出口、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔依次连接;所述高压脱氮塔上部出口、换热器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔依次连接;所述低压脱氮塔顶部出口、脱氮冷箱、氮气压缩机、冷却器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔顶部进料口依次连接;所述低压脱氮塔底部出口、第四节流阀、脱氮冷箱、产品气压缩机、冷却器依次连接。
本发明还公开了一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步、2500kPa.a~6000kPa.a,30~60℃的含氮气原料气进入脱氮冷箱预冷至-75~-110℃后进入高压脱氮塔下部;高压脱氮塔塔底液从底部出口进入脱氮冷箱预冷至-90~-130℃后经第一节流阀节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a后,从中部进入低压脱氮塔;高压脱氮塔塔顶气从顶部出口进入换热器冷却为-100~-135℃的气液两相后,液相返回至高压脱氮塔顶部入口作为回流,气相进入脱氮冷箱冷凝至-140~-160℃后,再经第二节流阀节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a,然后从上部进入低压脱氮塔;
第二步、天然气中脱除的氮气从低压脱氮塔顶出口进入脱氮冷箱复热至25~55℃后进入氮气压缩机增压至2500kPa.a~4000kPa.a,再进入冷却器冷却至30~60℃,然后进入脱氮冷箱冷凝至-145~-165℃,最后经第三节流阀节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a后从顶部进入低压脱氮塔;脱除氮气的天然气凝液从低压脱氮塔塔底部出口经第四节流阀节流至300kPa.a~1500kPa.a后,进入脱氮冷箱复热至25~55℃后,再经外输气压缩机增压至3000kPa.a~6500kPa.a后进入冷却器冷却至30~60℃后进入下一工序。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果是:本发明将脱除的一部分氮气经过压缩机增压再冷凝后进入低压脱氮塔顶部作为回流,极大减少了脱除氮气中烃类含量,脱除的氮气纯度≥99mol%。同时利用脱氮液烃节流后为系统提供冷量,取消外部冷剂制冷循环,降低了装置能耗。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明,其中:
图1是本发明一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的装置的系统原理示意图;
图中:1、管道;2、脱氮冷箱;3、管道;4、高压脱氮塔;5、管道;6、管道;7、第一节流阀;8、管道;9、低压脱氮塔;10、管道;11、换热器;12、管道;13、管道;14、管道;15、第二节流阀;16、管道;17、管道;18、管道;19、管道;20、氮气压缩机;21、管道;22、冷却器;23、管道;24、管道;25、第三节流阀;26、管道;27、管道;28、第四节流阀;29、管道;30、管道;31、产品气压缩机;32、管道;33、冷却器;34、管道。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,本发明一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的装置,包括脱氮冷箱2、高压脱氮塔4、第一节流阀7、低压脱氮塔9、换热器11、第二节流阀15、氮气压缩机20、冷却器22、第三节流阀25、第四节流阀28、产品气压缩机31、冷却器33;
所述脱氮冷箱2、高压脱氮塔4通过管道3连接;
所述高压脱氮塔4底部出口、脱氮冷箱2、第一节流阀7、低压脱氮塔9依次通过管道5、6、8连接;
所述高压脱氮塔4上部出口、换热器11、脱氮冷箱2、第二节流阀15、低压脱氮塔9依次通过管道10、12、13、14、16连接;
所述低压脱氮塔9顶部出口、脱氮冷箱2、氮气压缩机20、冷却器22、脱氮冷箱2、第三节流阀25、低压脱氮塔9顶部进料口依次通过管道17、18、19、21、23、24、26连接;
所述低压脱氮塔9底部出口、第四节流阀28、脱氮冷箱2、产品气压缩机31、冷却器33依次通过管道27、29、30、32、34连接;
所述高压脱氮塔4和低压脱氮塔9为板式塔或填料塔;
所述低压脱氮塔9置于高压脱氮塔4正上方。
本发明还公开了一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步、将来自管道1含氮气5mol%~70mol%的原料气(2500kPa.a~6000kPa.a,30~60℃)进入脱氮冷箱2预冷至-75~-110℃后经管道3进入高压脱氮塔4下部;高压脱氮塔4塔底液从底部出口经管道5进入脱氮冷箱2预冷至-90~-130℃后通过管道6经第一节流阀7节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a,经管道8进入低压脱氮塔9中部进料;高压脱氮塔4塔顶气从顶部出口经管道10经换热器11冷却至-100~-135℃气液两相后,其中:液相经管道12返回至高压脱氮塔4顶部入口作为回流,气相经管道13进入脱氮冷箱2冷凝至-140~-160℃后通过管道14经第二节流阀15节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a,经管道16进入低压脱氮塔9上部进料;
第二步、天然气中脱除的氮气从低压脱氮塔9塔顶出口经管道17进入脱氮冷箱2复热至25~55℃后分为两股,其中:一股40%-70%物流经管道18至下一工序;另一股30%-60%物流经管道19进入氮气压缩机20增压至2500kPa.a~4000kPa.a经管道21进入冷却器22冷却至30~60℃后,通过管道23进入脱氮冷箱2冷凝至-145~-165℃后经管道24进入第三节流阀25节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a,经管道26至低压脱氮塔9顶部进料;经过脱除氮气的天然气凝液从低压脱氮塔9塔底部出口通过管道27经第四节流阀28节流至300kPa.a~1500kPa.a后,通过管道29进入脱氮冷箱2复热至25~55℃后,通过管道30至外输气压缩机31增压至3000kPa.a~6500kPa.a经管道32进入冷却器33冷却至30~60℃后经管道34至下一工序处理。

Claims (10)

1.一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:包括通过管道连接的脱氮冷箱和高压脱氮塔,所述高压脱氮塔底部出口、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔依次连接;所述高压脱氮塔上部出口、换热器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔依次连接;所述低压脱氮塔顶部出口、脱氮冷箱、氮气压缩机、冷却器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔顶部进料口依次连接;所述低压脱氮塔底部出口、第四节流阀、脱氮冷箱、产品气压缩机、冷却器依次连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:所述换热器的液相出口通过管道与高压脱氮塔的顶部入口连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:在高压脱氮塔底部出口、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔形成的管路上,在脱氮冷箱和低压脱氮塔之间设置第一节流阀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:在高压脱氮塔上部出口、换热器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔形成的管路上,在脱氮冷箱和低压脱氮塔之间设置第二节流阀。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:所述低压脱氮塔顶部出口、脱氮冷箱、氮气压缩机、冷却器、脱氮冷箱、低压脱氮塔顶部进料口形成的管路上,在脱氮冷箱和低压脱氮塔顶部进料口之间设置第三节流阀。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:在低压脱氮塔底部出口、第四节流阀、脱氮冷箱、产品气压缩机、冷却器形成的管路上,在低压脱氮塔底部出口和脱氮冷箱之间设置第四节流阀。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:在脱氮冷箱和氮气压缩机之间设置氮气管道接入下一工序。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺装置,其特征在于:所述高压脱氮塔和低压脱氮塔为板式塔或填料塔;所述低压脱氮塔置于高压脱氮塔正上方。
9.一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
第一步、2500kPa.a~6000kPa.a,30~60℃的含氮气原料气进入脱氮冷箱预冷至-75~-110℃后进入高压脱氮塔下部;高压脱氮塔塔底液从底部出口进入脱氮冷箱预冷至-90~-130℃后经第一节流阀节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a后,从中部进入低压脱氮塔;高压脱氮塔塔顶气从顶部出口进入换热器冷却为-100~-135℃的气液两相后,液相返回至高压脱氮塔顶部入口作为回流,气相进入脱氮冷箱冷凝至-140~-160℃后,再经第二节流阀节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a,然后从上部进入低压脱氮塔;
第二步、天然气中脱除的氮气从低压脱氮塔顶出口进入脱氮冷箱复热至25~55℃后进入氮气压缩机增压至2500kPa.a~4000kPa.a,再进入冷却器冷却至30~60℃,然后进入脱氮冷箱冷凝至-145~-165℃,最后经第三节流阀节流至500kPa.a~2000kPa.a后从顶部进入低压脱氮塔;脱除氮气的天然气凝液从低压脱氮塔塔底部出口经第四节流阀节流至300kPa.a~1500kPa.a后,进入脱氮冷箱复热至25~55℃后,再经外输气压缩机增压至3000kPa.a~6500kPa.a后进入冷却器冷却至30~60℃后进入下一工序。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种含氮天然气双塔深冷脱氮的工艺方法,其特征在于:经脱氮冷箱复热至25~55℃后的氮气分为两股:一股30%-60%的物流进入氮气压缩机增压,另一股物流进入下一工序。
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