CN108375335B

CN108375335B - Big gear detector

Info

Publication number: CN108375335B
Application number: CN201810084143.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘浏; 范真
Original assignee: Jiangsu University of Technology
Current assignee: Jiangsu University of Technology
Priority date: 2015-08-24
Filing date: 2015-08-24
Publication date: 2020-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2035-08-24
Also published as: CN105758296B; CN105758296A; CN108375335A; CN108398082A; CN108398082B

Abstract

A large gear detector comprises a detection device and a working target; the detection device is provided with a base, a horizontal rotary platform, a support and a vertical shaft, wherein the support is provided with a main transverse shaft and an auxiliary transverse shaft which are parallel to each other and horizontal and can rotate around the axis line of the support, a main measurement device is fixed on the main transverse shaft, an auxiliary observation device is fixed on the auxiliary transverse shaft, and the main measurement device and the auxiliary observation device are both lasers; the main measurement line and the auxiliary observation line are positioned on the same vertical plane; the working target is provided with a main body, three support rods which are distributed in a triangular mode are arranged on the bottom surface of the main body, a spherical contact is fixed on the rod end of each support rod, a polyhedron is arranged on the top surface of the main body, a plane mirror is fixed on each outer surface of the polyhedron, and three identification points are arranged on the plane mirror on each outer surface; when the device is used, the spherical contacts on the three support rods of the working target are abutted against the surface of the bull gear. The invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, simple structure and convenient operation.

Description

Big gear detector

The invention application is a divisional application of invention patents with patent application number 201510522107.7, application date 2015 8, 24 and the name of 'bull gear inspection measuring equipment'.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a large gear detector.

Background

Gears are extremely important transmission parts. Gears with a diameter of more than 500mm are generally referred to as bull gears. Wherein, the gear with the diameter of more than 3000mm is called as an extra large gear. The bull gear is a key part of large-scale equipment. The processing equipment of the bull gear is greatly expanded. Large gear measurement devices, particularly those for very large gears, are relatively late and even lack the necessary means.

The measurement of the gear wheel is firstly faced with the structure and volume increase of the measurement equipment if the conventional measurement method is adopted. This presents a significant problem. The measurement by the generating method needs a long guide rail with high precision, and is very difficult to manufacture. In the case of a large turntable bearing an oversized gear, precise rotation is more difficult. It is a great challenge to simply place a bulky finished gear wheel on the table of a precision measurement device. In summary, the measurement of the large gear is still a technical problem up to now. See in detail gao gear measurement of shining on stone, forest tiger, forest spring, zhanbai: state of the Art and trends, journal of mechanical engineering, 5.2013, vol.49, 10, p 35.

Total stations are surveying instruments with extremely wide applications. The total station has an integral structure which is divided into two parts: a base and an aiming portion. The telescope of the sighting part can perform 360 degrees in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane⁰And the target is convenient to aim at by rotating. The base is used for leveling of the instrument and connection of a tripod. The cooperating target of the total station is most commonly a prism. The triple prism is generally installed by connecting a base and a tripod, and the single prism is usually installed by a centering rod and a support. See Lei's Nippon Lizel, Total station survey, section 2.1, p14-p15, published by Wuhan university of Engineers, Press, 7 months, 2012.

the total station can measure distance and angle at a certain target point at a measuring station simultaneously to obtain three basic data of distance S, horizontal angle gamma and vertical angle α, when the total station measures, the total station is leveled in the measuring station and the prism is leveled in the target point, when the telescope is aimed at the target point, the horizontal scale and the vertical scale of the total station respectively give the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the target point relative to the measuring station, Lezeo master edition, Total station measuring technology published by Wuhan and Han Dynasty university Press, 2012, 7 months, section 1.2, p7-p9, and three scales such as a coding scale, a grating scale and a dynamic scale are introduced.

In order to ensure the precision, the requirement on the prism manufacture is higher. Different reflecting prisms provided by the same manufacturer need to carry out prism correction constants converted among different prisms, and reflecting prisms of different brands need to carry out actual measurement to obtain converted values of the constants among the prisms, which is referred to as industrial measurement system principle and application p136 published by li guang cloud, li zong spring master, surveying and mapping publishing agency 2011 in 1 month.

The total station is internally provided with an infrared generator and a receiver in the telescope and can emit infrared light coaxial with the optical axis of the telescope. If the total station has the function of prism-free measurement, a laser is also arranged in the telescope and can emit visible red laser coaxial with the optical axis of the telescope. The measured distance can be obtained by measuring the round trip time of the light wave on the measured distance. See the book of Youhuai, Total station survey techniques p23 and p27 published by Huanghe Shuichu Press in 2005, 8 months.

The second chapter of the 'total station measurement technology' published by Huanghe hydrofuge Press in 2005, 8 months introduces the distance measurement principle of the current total station, and the pulse method and the phase method are mainly used for distance measurement, and both require corresponding complex electronic systems. The pulse method is used for distance measurement, and the time of the pulse sent by the distance measuring instrument to and fro to the measured distance is directly measured. According to the total station principle error p8 published by the university of wuhan, press 2004, 3 months, the leaf Xiaoming and Ling monograph, the clock frequency used for timing will cause a large measurement error even if there is a very small error. For example, the clock frequency is 100MHz, and even if there is a frequency error of + -1 Hz, the range error will reach + -1.5 m. Therefore, the pulse method is low in measurement accuracy and mainly used for remote low-accuracy measurement. The principle of phase method distance measurement is that the propagation time is indirectly measured by measuring the phase change generated by the round trip of continuous modulation signals on the distance to be measured, thereby obtaining the propagation distance. The phase method distance measurement relates to complex control and operation, such as measuring scale conversion and control, light path conversion control, dimming automatic control, phase measurement rhythm (time sequence control), phase distance conversion, coarse and fine rule distance connection operation, and the like (see "total station principle error" p15 published by Wuhan university Press, 3 months 2004). The electronic system of measurement is far more complex than the pulse method. Thereby causing many problems. Leaf dawn and Ling die, Total station principle error p42 chapter 3 published by Wuhan university Press 3 month 2004, for example, cycle error caused by common-frequency photoelectric crosstalk signals in a circuit and error caused by temperature influence of an internal quartz crystal oscillator are analyzed. The problem of distance measurement errors caused by inconsistency of actual distance measurement frequency and design frequency is also mentioned in 'principles and applications of industrial measurement systems' p134 published by Liguangdong cloud and Lizongchun headquartered, surveying and mapping publisher 2011 in 1 month.

One problem is that ranging accuracy is critical, and whether pulse ranging or phase ranging depends on accurate measurement of the speed of light in the atmosphere. In the actual measurement process, the speed of light is affected by the conditions of atmospheric temperature, humidity, air pressure and the like, and the meteorological parameters need to be measured in advance and relevant meteorological correction is carried out. According to the "total station measurement technology" p22 published by li jersey master catalog, university of wuhan theory of america, publisher 2012, 7 month, the meteorological correction of the total station is also related to the wavelength of the ranging light wave used by the total station.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a large gear detector which is accurate in measurement and convenient to operate.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts one of the following technical schemes: the invention comprises a detection device and a working target; the detection device comprises a base, a horizontal rotary platform, a support and a vertical shaft, wherein the support is fixed on the horizontal rotary platform, the vertical shaft is fixedly connected with the base, the horizontal rotary platform is positioned on the base and rotates around the axial lead of the vertical shaft, the support is provided with a main transverse shaft and an auxiliary transverse shaft which are parallel to each other and can rotate around the axial lead of the support, the axial lead of the main transverse shaft is intersected with the axial lead of the vertical shaft to form a main intersection point, the axial lead of the auxiliary transverse shaft is intersected with the axial lead of the vertical shaft to form an auxiliary intersection point, a main measurement device is fixed on the main transverse shaft, the main measurement device is a laser, the optical axis of the laser is called as a main measurement line, the main measurement line passes through the main intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial lead of the main transverse shaft, an auxiliary observation device is fixed on the auxiliary transverse shaft, the optical axis of the laser is called as an auxiliary observation line, the auxiliary observation line passes through the auxiliary, the main measurement line and the auxiliary observation line are positioned on the same vertical plane; a horizontal dial is arranged between the vertical shaft and the horizontal rotary platform, a main dial is arranged between the main transverse shaft and the corresponding part of the bracket, and an auxiliary dial is arranged between the auxiliary transverse shaft and the corresponding part of the bracket; the rotation of the horizontal rotary platform, the main transverse shaft and the auxiliary transverse shaft is manual; the working target is provided with a main body, three support rods which are distributed in a triangular mode are arranged on the bottom surface of the main body, a spherical contact is fixed on the rod end of each support rod, a polyhedron is arranged on the top surface of the main body, a PSD (position sensitive detector) is fixed on each outer surface of the polyhedron, and three designated points are arranged on the photosensitive surface of the PSD on each outer surface; the mutual position relation between all the designated points and the centers of the three spherical contacts is determined; when the device is used, the spherical contacts on the three support rods of the working target are abutted against the tooth surface of the large gear, when the main measurement line and the auxiliary observation line are intersected at the first designated point, the coordinates of the first designated point relative to the main intersection point can be determined, the coordinate positions of the second designated point and the third designated point on the PSD sensor are determined by analogy, the coordinate positions of the spherical centers of the three spherical contacts tangent to the tooth surface of the large gear are determined at the moment, the working target is moved to a plurality of other positions of the tooth surface of the large gear, the process is repeated, the coordinate positions of the spherical centers of the spherical contacts tangent to the tooth surface of the large gear at all places of the tooth surface of the large gear can be obtained, and the precision of each item.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the detection apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a simplified side view of fig. 2.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the angle measurement of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment 1 comprises a detection device and a working object, the detection device comprises a base 1, a horizontal rotary platform 2, a support 4 and a vertical shaft 9, the support 4 is fixed on the horizontal rotary platform 2, the vertical shaft 9 is fixedly connected with the base 1, the horizontal rotary platform 2 is arranged on the base 1 and rotates around the axis 9a of the vertical shaft 9, the support 4 is provided with a main transverse shaft 5 and a secondary transverse shaft 8 which are parallel to each other and can rotate around the axis of the main transverse shaft 5 and the secondary transverse shaft 8, the axis 5a of the main transverse shaft 5 is intersected with the axis 9a of the vertical shaft 9 to form a main intersection point, the axis 8a of the secondary transverse shaft 8 is intersected with the axis 9a of the vertical shaft 9 to form a secondary intersection point, the main transverse shaft 5 is fixed on the main transverse shaft 5, the main observation device 6 is a laser, the optical axis of the main transverse shaft 6a is called a main measurement line 6a, the main measurement line 6a passes through the main intersection point and is perpendicular to the axis 5a of the main transverse shaft 5, the secondary observation device 7a is fixed on the secondary observation device 8, the secondary observation device 7 is used for measuring the horizontal observation line of the main transverse shaft 9a, the vertical shaft 9a, the main transverse shaft 9a, the secondary observation device is used for measuring the secondary observation device, the secondary observation device 11 is used for measuring the horizontal observation device, the secondary observation device for measuring the horizontal observation device.

The rotation of the horizontal rotary platform 2, the main horizontal shaft 5 and the auxiliary horizontal shaft 8 is manual.

The working target is provided with a main body 20, three support rods 21 which are distributed in a triangular shape are arranged on the bottom surface of the main body 20, a spherical contact 22 is fixed on the rod end of each support rod, a polyhedron 23 is arranged on the top surface of the main body 20, a PSD sensor 25 is fixed on each outer surface of the polyhedron 23, and three designated points are arranged on the photosensitive surface of the PSD sensor 25 on each outer surface; the mutual positional relationship of all the specified points to the centers of the three ball-shaped contacts 22 is determined. When in use, the spherical contacts 22 on the three support rods 21 of the working target are abutted on the tooth surfaces of the large gear.

Under the action of the horizontal rotary platform 2, the main observation device 6 and the auxiliary observation device 7 can synchronously horizontally rotate. The primary transverse axis 5 and the secondary transverse axis 8 are each independently rotatable. When the main observation device 6 and the auxiliary observation device 7 are tilted, the main observation line 6a and the auxiliary observation line 7a rotate in the same vertical plane, so that the main observation line 6a and the auxiliary observation line 7a can meet at a measured point.

The embodiment also comprises a power supply part, a data processing part, a communication interface, a display screen, a keyboard and the like.

the method comprises placing a bull gear 19 on the ground, placing a detection device outside the bull gear 19, placing a work target at a position on the tooth surface of the bull gear, pressing spherical contact tips 22 on three support rods 21 against the tooth surface of the bull gear in a tangent state so that a surface of a polyhedron 23 of the work target faces the detection device, turning on a main observation device 6, turning off a secondary observation device 7, operating the main observation device 6 by a measurer, manually aiming at a first specified point on a PSD sensor 25 on the surface of the work target so that the specified point is located on a main measurement line 6a, manually aiming at the specified point according to a signal fed back by the PSD sensor 25 so that the specified point is located on a secondary observation line 7a, after that the main observation device 6 is turned off, turning on the secondary observation device 7, manually aiming at the specified point according to the feedback signal from the PSD sensor 25, positioning the specified point on the main measurement line 7a, determining a distance between the specified point 6a primary observation line 7a and a secondary observation line 7a corresponding to the specified point, and obtaining a coordinate of a coordinate point of a coordinate of a point of a primary axis of the tooth surface of the specified point of the bull gear surface, and a secondary observation line, and a coordinate of the specified point of the sphere, and obtaining a coordinate of a point of the specified point of the sphere 5 of the tooth surface of the bull gear surface of the specified point of the bull gear, and a coordinate of the sphere, and a coordinate of the specified point of the sphere 5, and obtaining a coordinate of the specified point of the coordinate of the sphere.

Claims

1. A big gear detector which is characterized in that: comprises a detection device and a working target; the detection device is provided with a base (1), a horizontal rotary platform (2), a support (4) and a vertical shaft (9), wherein the support (4) is fixed on the horizontal rotary platform (2), the vertical shaft (9) is fixedly connected with the base (1), the horizontal rotary platform (2) is arranged on the base (1) and rotates around the axial lead (9 a) of the vertical shaft (9), the support (4) is provided with a main transverse shaft (5) and an auxiliary transverse shaft (8) which are parallel to each other and can rotate around the axial lead of the main transverse shaft (5) and the auxiliary transverse shaft (8), the axial lead (5 a) of the main transverse shaft (5) is intersected with the axial lead (9 a) of the vertical shaft (9) to form a main intersection point, the axial lead (8 a) of the auxiliary transverse shaft (8) is intersected with the axial lead (9 a) of the vertical shaft (9) to form an auxiliary intersection point, a main transverse shaft (5) is fixed with a main measurement device (6), and the measurement device (6) is, the optical axis of the main observation line is called as a main observation line (6 a), the main observation line (6 a) passes through the main intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial line (5 a) of the main transverse axis (5), an auxiliary observation device (7) is fixed on the auxiliary transverse axis (8), the auxiliary observation device (7) is a laser, the optical axis of the auxiliary observation device is called as an auxiliary observation line (7 a), the auxiliary observation line (7 a) passes through the auxiliary intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial line (8 a) of the auxiliary transverse axis (8), and the main observation line (6 a) and the auxiliary observation line (7 a) are positioned on the same vertical plane; a horizontal dial (3) is arranged between the vertical shaft (9) and the horizontal rotary platform (2), a main dial (11) is arranged between the main transverse shaft (5) and the corresponding part of the bracket (4), and an auxiliary dial (12) is arranged between the auxiliary transverse shaft (8) and the corresponding part of the bracket (4); the rotation of the horizontal rotary platform (2), the main transverse shaft (5) and the auxiliary transverse shaft (8) is manual; the working target is provided with a main body (20), three support rods (21) which are distributed in a triangular shape are arranged on the bottom surface of the main body (20), a spherical contact (22) is fixed on the rod end of each support rod, a polyhedron (23) is arranged on the top surface of the main body (20), a PSD sensor (25) is fixed on each outer surface of the polyhedron (23), and three designated points are arranged on the photosensitive surface of the PSD sensor on each outer surface; the mutual position relation of all the designated points and the spherical centers of the three spherical contacts (22) is determined; when the device is used, the spherical contacts (22) on the three support rods (21) of the working target abut against the tooth surface of the large gear, when the main measurement line (6 a) and the auxiliary observation line (7 a) intersect at the first designated point, the coordinates of the first designated point relative to the main intersection point can be determined, and so on, the coordinate positions of the second designated point and the third designated point on the PSD sensor (25) are determined, the coordinate positions of the sphere centers of the three spherical contacts (22) tangent to the tooth surface of the large gear are determined, the working target is moved to other positions of the tooth surface of the large gear, the processes are repeated, the coordinate positions of the sphere centers of the spherical contacts (22) tangent to the tooth surface of the large gear at all places of the tooth surface of the large gear can be obtained, and the precision of the large gear can be determined through the.