CN108374707A - A kind of magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity - Google Patents
A kind of magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108374707A CN108374707A CN201810285317.2A CN201810285317A CN108374707A CN 108374707 A CN108374707 A CN 108374707A CN 201810285317 A CN201810285317 A CN 201810285317A CN 108374707 A CN108374707 A CN 108374707A
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- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- cylinder
- piston
- piston rod
- piezoelectric
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Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/089—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using two or more expansion chambers in series
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
Abstract
The present invention relates to exhaust noise silencing apparatus fields, and in particular to a kind of magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity.Including hollow cylindrical tube, air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe is respectively equipped with along tubular axis both ends；Cylinder is divided into the first cavity, the second cavity and third cavity along vertical tubular axis direction by left clapboard and right clapboard in cylinder, air inlet pipe is communicated with the first cavity, and escape pipe is communicated with third cavity；Left recirculation hole and right recirculation hole are provided on left piston and right clapboard in uniform way；It is installed with the piston rod coaxial with cylinder on left piston, extend on the thin axis of the piston rod of the first cavity and is arranged with piezoelectric vibrator, piezoelectric vibrator is bonded by the piezoelectric ceramics and metal substrate of circular ring shape；It is equipped with the cylinder body with cylindrical cavity coaxial with cylinder in second cavity, is full of magnetorheological fluid in inner chamber of cylinder block.Advantage and characteristic：1) acoustic energy is transformed into mechanical energy using piezoelectric vibrator, acoustical absorptivity is strong, and reliability is high；2) chamber volume and right piston damping force size are automatically adjusted to realize dynamic Active Absorption according to engine speed variation, it is simple in structure；3) low-frequency sound wave is absorbed by piezoelectric ceramics, absorbs medium-high frequency sound wave using perforated plate and mineral wool collective effect, absorption band is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to exhaust noise silencing apparatus fields, and in particular to a kind of magnetorheological exhaust noise silencing of automatic adjustment cavity
Device.
Background technology
With the raising of industrialization degree, noise hazard degree is growing, and traffic noise is made an uproar as current city environment
Most important noise source in sound, and exhaust noise is the Main Noise Sources of automobile engine, exhaust silencer is that sound is prevented to pass
Broadcast and allow air-flow by a kind of device, be eliminate air power noise important measures.The type of exhaust silencer is very
More, the acoustic attenuation performance of most of exhaust silencers depends on fixed structural parameters.In the prior art, the exhaust of exhaust silencer
Erasure effect is not ideal enough, and reason is：Engine exhaust noise changes with rotation speed change, and exhaust silencer noise reduction frequency is not
It can automatically adjust with the variation of engine speed, therefore acoustic absorptivity is low, absorption band is narrow, and not easy to control.
Invention content
For the problems of in terms of existing muffler noise reduction, the present invention proposes a kind of magnetic of automatic adjustment cavity
Rheology muffler, the embodiment that the present invention uses are：A kind of magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity, including
Hollow cylindrical tube is respectively equipped with air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe along tubular axis both ends；Cylinder includes shell, mineral wool and wears
Orifice plate is provided with several stomatas on perforated plate；Cylinder is separated along vertical tubular axis direction by left piston and right clapboard in cylinder
For the first cavity, the second cavity and third cavity, air inlet pipe is communicated with the first cavity, and escape pipe is communicated with third cavity；Left work
It is provided with left recirculation hole and right recirculation hole in uniform way on plug and right clapboard；It is installed with the piston rod coaxial with cylinder on left piston, stretches
Enter to being arranged with piezoelectric vibrator on the thin axis of the piston rod of the first cavity, piezoelectric vibrator by circular ring shape piezoelectric ceramics and metal
Substrate bonding forms；It is equipped with the cylinder body with cylindrical cavity coaxial with cylinder in second cavity, is full of in inner chamber of cylinder block
The thick axis of magnetorheological fluid, piston rod is extend into the inner cavity of cylinder body, and the thick axis of piston rod is equipped with right piston, is provided in right piston
Convenient for the damping hole of magnetorheological fluid flowing, right piston is equipped with the coil for making magnetorheological fluid state change, and the thick axis of piston rod is right
End is equipped with spring with cylinder base；Sealing and guide part are equipped between piston rod and end cap；End cap is mounted on a cylinder body left side by screw
End, cylinder body are fixed by screws on right clapboard.
In the present invention, to improve the absorbing sound and lowering noise ability and reliability of piezoelectric vibrator, piezoelectric vibrator is the iridescent type of bending
Structure, the radius of curvature of piezoelectric ceramics are less than the radius of curvature of metal substrate, and piezoelectric ceramic thickness is 0.17~0.3mm's
PZT4, metal substrate are beryllium-bronze, and the ratio between thickness of metal substrate and piezoelectric chip is 1~2.6, at this time the sound-absorbing of piezoelectric vibrator
Noise reduction capability is stronger.
When not having electric current in coil, magnetorheological fluid is Newton fluids, and right piston can be slided freely in cylinder body, magnetic
Rheology liquid can pass freely through damping hole, while spring plays the role of reset；When thering is electric current to have magnetic field in coil, magnetic current
Become the Bingham bulk properties that liquid then shows high viscosity, lazy flow, damping hole is blocked, the magnetorheological of right piston both sides is made
Liquid movement is obstructed.
Generate gas dynamic pressure power after entering the first cavity by air inlet pipe, when air-flow blows to piezoelectric vibrator makes piezoelectricity shake first
The piezoelectric ceramics compression chord of iridescent type bending in son tends to stretch, and stress suffered by piezoelectric ceramics is permitted less than it in piezoelectric vibrator
With stress, in air-flow the vibration of sound wave acoustic energy is converted during so that the stress alternation suffered by piezoelectric ceramics is increased and is reduced
At electric energy, generated electricity through wire transmission to energy convert with storage circuit after into coil power supply；By the positive pressure of piezoelectric ceramics
Therefore electrical effect, is applied on coil it is found that the quantity of electric charge that generates under pressure of piezoelectric ceramics is directly proportional to pressure size
The charge value that is generated by piezoelectric ceramics of size of current control, in coil the change of electric current can cause the change of magnetic field size, magnetic
The change of field is so that the mechanical property of magnetorheological fluid changes, so that the magnetorheological fluid motion damping force of right piston both sides
It is size-controlled.
When the engine rotational speed is increased, the air pressure of silencer air-flow and frequency of sound wave increase, the quantity of electric charge that piezoelectric ceramics generates
Increase, acoustic energy, which is converted into electric energy, to be increased, that is, is applied to the electric current on coil with regard to big, the damping force that magnetorheological fluid passes through damping hole
Increase；Meanwhile increased gas dynamic pressure power can also drive left piston on piston rod and right piston to move right, and make the first cavity
Increase, the second cavity reduces, and spring shortens；On the contrary, when engine speed is reduced, the air pressure of silencer air-flow and frequency of sound wave subtract
Small, piezoelectric vibrator is applied to the reduction of the electric current on coil, and magnetorheological fluid is reduced by the damping force of damping hole, and the elastic force of spring makes
Left piston and right piston are moved to the left, and the first cavity reduces, and the second cavity increases, spring elongation, therefore can be turned according to engine
Speed changes automatically adjust right piston damping force size and chamber volume, to realize the intelligent active control to noise.
Advantage and characteristic：1) acoustic energy is transformed into mechanical energy using piezoelectric vibrator, acoustical absorptivity is strong, and reliability is high；2) root
Chamber volume and right piston damping force size are automatically adjusted according to engine speed variation to realize dynamic Active Absorption, knot
Structure is simple；3) low-frequency sound wave is absorbed by piezoelectric ceramics, absorbs medium-high frequency sound wave using perforated plate and mineral wool collective effect, inhales
Receive bandwidth.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows for a kind of structure of the magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of piezoelectric vibrator in a preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of right piston in a preferred embodiment of the present invention：
Specific implementation mode
A kind of magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity, including hollow cylindrical tube V, along cylinder V axis
Both ends are respectively equipped with air inlet pipe a and escape pipe p；Cylinder V includes shell b, mineral wool c and perforated plate d, if being provided on perforated plate d
Dry gas hole d1；In cylinder V by left piston g and right clapboard m along vertical cylinder V axis directions by cylinder V be divided into the first cavity A,
Second cavity B and third cavity C, air inlet pipe a are communicated with the first cavity A, and escape pipe p is communicated with third cavity C；Left piston g and
Left recirculation hole g1 and right recirculation hole m1 are provided on right clapboard m in uniform way；Left piston g can be free to slide in cylinder V, left piston g
On be installed with the piston rod t coaxial with cylinder V；It extend on the thin axis t1 of the piston rod t of the first cavity A and is arranged with piezoelectric vibrator
E, piezoelectric vibrator E are bonded by the piezoelectric ceramics e1 and metal substrate e2 of circular ring shape；It is equipped with and cylinder V in second cavity B
The coaxial cylinder body j with cylindrical cavity, magnetorheological fluid h is full of in the inner cavities cylinder body j, and the thick axis t2 of piston rod t is extend into
In the inner cavity of cylinder body j, the thick axis t2 of piston rod t is equipped with right piston q, and the resistance convenient for magnetorheological fluid h flowings is provided on right piston q
Buddhist nun hole q1, right piston q are equipped with the coil k for making magnetorheological fluid h states change, thick axis t2 right ends and the bottoms cylinder body j of piston rod t
Equipped with spring r；Sealing and guide part n are equipped between piston rod t and end cap i；End cap i is mounted on the left parts cylinder body j, cylinder by screw
Body j is fixed by screws on right clapboard m.
In the present invention, to improve the absorbing sound and lowering noise ability and reliability of piezoelectric vibrator E, piezoelectric vibrator E is the rainbow of bending
Type structure, the radius of curvature of piezoelectric ceramics e1 are less than the radius of curvature of metal substrate e2, and piezoelectric ceramics e1 thickness is 0.17~
The PZT3 of 0.3mm, metal substrate e2 are beryllium-bronze, and the ratio between thickness of metal substrate e2 and piezoelectric chip e1 is 1~2.6, at this time
The absorbing sound and lowering noise ability of piezoelectric vibrator E is stronger.
When not having electric current in coil k, magnetorheological fluid h is Newton fluids, and magnetorheological fluid h can pass freely through damping hole
Q1, right piston q can be slided freely in cylinder body j, while spring r plays the role of reset；When thering is electric current to have magnetic in coil k
When field, magnetorheological fluid h then shows the Bingham bulk properties of high viscosity, lazy flow, and damping hole q1 is blocked, and makes right piston q
The magnetorheological fluid h retard motions of both sides.
Generate gas dynamic pressure power after air-flow enters the first cavity by air inlet pipe, when air-flow blows to piezoelectric vibrator E makes first
The piezoelectric ceramics e1 compression chords of iridescent type bending in piezoelectric vibrator E tend to stretch, in piezoelectric vibrator E suffered by piezoelectric ceramics e1
Stress is less than its allowable stress, in air-flow the vibration of sound wave so that the stress alternation suffered by piezoelectric ceramics e1 is increased and the process of reduction
In acoustic energy is converted into electric energy, generated electricity through wire transmission to energy convert and storage circuit after into coil k power supplies；By
The direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics e1 it is found that the quantities of electric charge that generate under pressure of piezoelectric ceramics e1 with pressure size at just
Than therefore, the size of current on coil k being applied to is controlled by the charge value that piezoelectric ceramics e1 is generated, and electric current changes in coil
The change of magnetic field size can be caused by becoming, and the change in magnetic field is so that the mechanical property of magnetorheological fluid h changes, so that right work
The magnetorheological fluid h motion damping forces for filling in the both sides q are size-controlled.
When the engine rotational speed is increased, the air pressure of silencer air-flow and frequency of sound wave increase, the charge that piezoelectric ceramics e1 is generated
Amount increases, and acoustic energy, which is converted into electric energy, to be increased, that is, is applied to the electric current on coil k with regard to big, magnetorheological fluid h passes through damping hole q1's
Damping force increases；Meanwhile increased gas dynamic pressure power can also drive left piston g on piston rod t and right piston q to move right,
The first cavity A is set to increase, the second cavity B reduces, and spring r shortens；On the contrary, when engine speed is reduced, silencer air-flow gas
Pressure and frequency of sound wave reduce, and piezoelectric vibrator E is applied to the reduction of the electric current on coil k, the damping that magnetorheological fluid h passes through damping hole q1
Power reduces, and the elastic force of spring r makes left piston g and right piston q be moved to the left, and the first cavity A reduces, and the second cavity B increases, spring
R extends, therefore can change automatically adjust right piston q damping forces size and chamber volume according to engine speed, to real
Now to the intelligent active control of noise.
Above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical characteristic of the present invention is not limited thereto, Ren Heben
The technical staff in field in the field of the invention, made by changes or modifications all cover the present invention the scope of the claims among.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of magnetorheological muffler of automatic adjustment cavity, it is characterised in that：Including hollow cylindrical tube, along cylinder
Body axis both ends are respectively equipped with air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe；Cylinder includes shell, mineral wool and perforated plate, is provided on perforated plate several
Stomata；In cylinder by left piston and right clapboard along vertical tubular axis direction by cylinder be divided into the first cavity, the second cavity and
Third cavity, air inlet pipe are communicated with the first cavity, and escape pipe is communicated with third cavity；It is provided in uniform way on left piston and right clapboard
Left recirculation hole and right recirculation hole；It is installed with the piston rod coaxial with cylinder on left piston, extend into the piston rod of the first cavity
It is arranged with piezoelectric vibrator on thin axis, piezoelectric vibrator is bonded by the piezoelectric ceramics and metal substrate of circular ring shape；Second cavity
It is interior to be equipped with the cylinder body with cylindrical cavity coaxial with cylinder, it is full of magnetorheological fluid, the thick axis of piston rod in inner chamber of cylinder block
It extend into the inner cavity of cylinder body, the thick axis of piston rod is equipped with right piston, and the resistance flowed convenient for magnetorheological fluid is provided in right piston
Buddhist nun hole, right piston are equipped with the coil for making magnetorheological fluid state change, and thick axis right end and the cylinder base of piston rod are equipped with spring；
Sealing and guide part are equipped between piston rod and end cap；End cap is mounted on cylinder body left part by screw, and cylinder body is fixed by screw
On right clapboard；Piezoelectric vibrator is the iridescent type structure of bending, and the radius of curvature of piezoelectric ceramics is less than the curvature half of metal substrate
Diameter, piezoelectric ceramic thickness are the PZT4 of 0.17~0.3mm, and metal substrate is beryllium-bronze, the thickness of metal substrate and piezoelectric chip
The ratio between be 1~2.6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810285317.2A CN108374707B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | Magnetorheological exhaust silencer with automatically-adjusted cavity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810285317.2A CN108374707B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | Magnetorheological exhaust silencer with automatically-adjusted cavity |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108374707A true CN108374707A (en) | 2018-08-07 |
| CN108374707B CN108374707B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
Family
ID=63031813
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810285317.2A Active CN108374707B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | Magnetorheological exhaust silencer with automatically-adjusted cavity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108374707B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109150003A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of cantilever type piezoelectric linear actuator of magnetic rheologic magnetic coupling tune friction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87205551U (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-01-27 | 昆明大滇实业公司金属推拉窗门厂 | Multi-effect all frequency spring push-pull combined muffler |
| JPH09184497A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Fan noise reducing device |
| JP3407141B2 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 2003-05-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Low noise equipment |
| KR20040008850A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-31 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Vibration decrease type fan and fan vibration decrease method |
| CN2752541Y (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-01-18 | 河北科技大学 | Magnetic flow variable liquid damper |
| CN103061287A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-24 | 上海工程技术大学 | Magnetorheological fluid speed bump |
| US20130270056A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Hybrid coded magnets and sma positive drive clutch |
| CN103603709A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-02-26 | 天津豪记科技有限公司 | Silencer |
| CN205559017U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-07 | 成都羿博智能设备有限公司 | Generator muffler |
| CN206769998U (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-19 | 广州卡迅能源科技有限公司 | A kind of muffler of generating set |
-
2018
- 2018-03-19 CN CN201810285317.2A patent/CN108374707B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87205551U (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-01-27 | 昆明大滇实业公司金属推拉窗门厂 | Multi-effect all frequency spring push-pull combined muffler |
| JP3407141B2 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 2003-05-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Low noise equipment |
| JPH09184497A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Fan noise reducing device |
| KR20040008850A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-31 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Vibration decrease type fan and fan vibration decrease method |
| CN2752541Y (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-01-18 | 河北科技大学 | Magnetic flow variable liquid damper |
| US20130270056A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Hybrid coded magnets and sma positive drive clutch |
| CN103061287A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-24 | 上海工程技术大学 | Magnetorheological fluid speed bump |
| CN103603709A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-02-26 | 天津豪记科技有限公司 | Silencer |
| CN205559017U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-07 | 成都羿博智能设备有限公司 | Generator muffler |
| CN206769998U (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-19 | 广州卡迅能源科技有限公司 | A kind of muffler of generating set |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109150003A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of cantilever type piezoelectric linear actuator of magnetic rheologic magnetic coupling tune friction |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108374707B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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Inventor after: Liu Weidong Inventor after: Wang Hongyun Inventor after: Zhao Shuang Inventor after: Bi Cheng Inventor after: Zhu Junhua Inventor before: Wang Hongyun Inventor before: Zhao Shuang Inventor before: Liu Weidong Inventor before: Bi Cheng Inventor before: Zhu Junhua |
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