CN108371262B - Preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed, extruded full-fat rapeseed and chicken feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed, extruded full-fat rapeseed and chicken feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed for chicken feed, the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed and the chicken feed, wherein the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed comprises the following steps: extruding rapeseeds by using a double-screw extruder to obtain an extruded material, wherein the double-screw extruder has the process parameters that 14% -16% of water is added into the rapeseeds by mass, the rotating speed of the screws is 204-292 rpm, and the size of a die hole is 2-4 mm2The extrusion cavity is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone, wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone is sequentially increased, and the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90-100 ℃; the resulting extrudate was cooled and air dried to obtain extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed. The invention can prevent the blockage of materials, prevent the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil and the like, prevent the nutrients from being oxidized and diluted and remove toxic substances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry feeds, in particular to a preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed for the poultry feed, the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the poultry feed and the poultry feed.
Background
In the prior art, a technical scheme for preparing the chicken feed containing full-fat rapeseeds by crushing, extruding and curing rapeseeds is researched. The preparation of a feed for chickens containing full-fat rapeseed by crushing the rapeseed, has the following disadvantages: firstly, the oil content of rapeseeds is high, and the rapeseeds are easy to block materials; secondly, the crushed rapeseeds can cause the loss of nutrients such as the rapeseed oil in the rapeseeds, and the nutrients are easily oxidized when being directly contacted with oxygen in the air; thirdly, in the non-crushed rapeseed grains, the myrosinase and the glucosinolates are in a mutually separated state (the myrosinase is present in the specific proteosome of the rapeseed grains, and the glucosinolates are present in the vacuoles), while once the rapeseed is crushed, the myrosinase comes into contact with the glucosinolates and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glucosinolates, thereby generating various toxic degradation products [ such as isothiocyanate (OZT), oxazolidinethione (ITC) and nitrile, etc. ], thereby affecting the palatability and the feeding value of the rapeseed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed for chicken feed, the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed and the chicken feed containing the extruded full-fat rapeseed, aiming at preventing material blockage, preventing nutrient loss such as rapeseed oil and the like, preventing the nutrient from being oxidized and diluted and removing toxic substances.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed for chicken and poultry feed, which comprises the following steps:
extruding rapeseeds by using a double-screw extruder to obtain an extruded material, wherein the double-screw extruder has the process parameters that 14% -16% of water is added into the rapeseeds by mass, the rotating speed of the screws is 204-292 rpm, and the size of a die hole is 2-4 mm2The extrusion cavity is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone, wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone is sequentially increased, and the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90-100 ℃;
the resulting extrudate was cooled and air dried to obtain extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed.
Preferably, in the step of extruding the rapeseed with a twin-screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the rapeseeds are double-low rapeseeds or common rapeseeds.
Preferably, in the step of extruding the rapeseed with a twin-screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the mass fraction of water added into rapeseeds is 15%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder was 262 rpm.
Preferably, in the step of extruding the rapeseed with a twin-screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the cross section of the die hole is in a circular arrangement with the diameter of 2 mm; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the die hole is arranged in a square shape with the side length of 2 mm.
Preferably, in the step of extruding the rapeseed with a twin-screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the set temperature of the first temperature zone is 60 ℃;
the set temperature of the second temperature zone is 80 ℃.
Preferably, in the step of extruding the rapeseed with a twin-screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the twin-screw extruder is a DS 32-III test type twin-screw extruder manufactured by Jinan Saxin mechanical Co.
The invention also provides an extruded full-fat rapeseed for chicken and poultry feed, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken and poultry feed, and the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken and poultry feed comprises the following steps:
extruding rapeseeds by using a double-screw extruder to obtain an extruded material, wherein the double-screw extruder has the process parameters that 14% -16% of water is added into the rapeseeds by mass, the rotating speed of the screws is 204-292 rpm, and the size of a die hole is 2-4 mm2The extrusion cavity is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone, wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone is sequentially increased, and the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90-100 ℃;
the resulting extrudate was cooled and air dried to obtain extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed.
The invention also provides a chicken feed, which comprises the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed, wherein the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed, and the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed comprises the following steps:
extruding rapeseeds by using a double-screw extruder to obtain an extruded material, wherein the double-screw extruder has the process parameters that 14% -16% of water is added into the rapeseeds by mass, the rotating speed of the screws is 204-292 rpm, and the size of a die hole is 2-4 mm2The extrusion cavity is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone, wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone is sequentially increased, and the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90-100 ℃;
the resulting extrudate was cooled and air dried to obtain extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed.
Preferably, the chicken poultry feed is added with a compound NSP enzyme.
Preferably, the composite NSP enzyme accounts for 0.05-0.1% of the mass fraction of the poultry feed, and is formed by mixing 1000U/g cellulase, 10000U/g pectinase, 10000U/g xylanase, 20000U/g glucanase, 10000U/g mannanase and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention can be used for preparing the rapeseed raw material of the poultry feed without crushing or breaking, can also be beneficial to the digestion of poultry, and can also prevent the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil and the like in the extrusion process without adding foreign materials into the rapeseed. By controlling the water amount added to the rapeseeds, the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder, the sectional area of the die hole and the set temperature of the third temperature zone, the material blockage can be prevented, the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil and the like can be prevented, the nutrients can be prevented from being oxidized and diluted, and toxic substances can be removed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method of the present invention for preparing extruded whole rapeseed for use in poultry feed;
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the prior art, researches are carried out to prepare the chicken feed containing full-fat rapeseeds by crushing the rapeseeds and then extruding and curing the rapeseeds. The preparation of poultry feed by crushing and re-extruding rapeseed has the following disadvantages: firstly, the oil content of rapeseeds is high, and the rapeseeds are easy to block materials; secondly, the crushed rapeseeds can cause the loss of grease such as the rapeseed oil in the rapeseeds, and the grease is easy to be oxidized when being directly contacted with oxygen in the air; thirdly, in the non-crushed rapeseed grains, the myrosinase and the glucosinolates are in a mutually separated state (the myrosinase is present in the specific proteosome of the rapeseed grains, and the glucosinolates are present in the vacuoles), while once the rapeseed is crushed, the myrosinase comes into contact with the glucosinolates and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glucosinolates, thereby generating various toxic degradation products [ such as isothiocyanate (OZT), oxazolidinethione (ITC) and nitrile, etc. ], thereby affecting the palatability and the feeding value of the rapeseed.
In order to overcome the defects of the above three aspects of the preparation of the poultry feed by crushing and then extruding rapeseeds in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseeds for the poultry feed, as shown in figure 1, the main solution of the invention is as follows:
step S1, extruding rapeseeds by using a double-screw extruder to obtain an extruded material, wherein the double-screw extruder has the process parameters that 14% -16% of water is added into the rapeseeds by mass, the rotating speed of the screws is 204-292 rpm, and the size of a die hole is 2-4 mm2The extrusion cavity is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone, wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone is sequentially increased, and the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90-100 ℃;
the mass fraction of water added to the rapeseed referred to in the present invention means the percentage of water added to the mass of the rapeseed to be extruded. In this step, the rapeseed may be canola to reduce toxic components, and the rapeseed may also be common rapeseed to increase the source range of raw materials. Before the rapeseeds are processed, the rapeseeds can be cleaned, dried in the air and the like to remove impurities. In addition, in the step, the rapeseed raw material for preparing the poultry and chicken feed does not need to be crushed or broken.
The present invention is not limited to a specific type of the Twin-Screw Extruder, and specifically, the Twin-Screw Extruder used in the present embodiment is a DS 32-III test type Twin-Screw Extruder (Twin-Screw Extruder, Jinan Saxin mechanical Co., Ltd.).
Step S2, the resulting extrudate is cooled and air dried to obtain extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed.
The technical scheme of the embodiment can be used for preparing the rapeseed raw material of the chicken feed without crushing or breaking, can also be beneficial to digestion of the chicken, and can also prevent nutrient loss such as rapeseed oil and the like in the extrusion process without adding foreign materials in the rapeseed. By controlling the water amount added to the rapeseeds, the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder, the sectional area of the die hole and the set temperature of the third temperature zone, the material blockage can be prevented, the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil and the like can be prevented, the nutrients can be prevented from being oxidized and diluted, and toxic substances can be removed.
In this embodiment, the rapeseed is extruded by the twin-screw extruder, so that the rapeseed can be extruded more uniformly than the rapeseed extruding extruder (such as a single-screw extruder) commonly used in the prior art.
Specifically, the screw rotation speed, the cross-sectional area of the die hole, the set temperature of the third temperature zone, and the amount of water added to the rapeseed in the twin-screw extruder have the following influences:
when the sectional area of the die hole is too small, not only is the material easily blocked, but also the rapeseed is easily excessively extruded to cause the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil, and when the sectional area of the die hole is too large, the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil is easily causedThe rapeseed is not sufficiently extruded, which is not conducive to digestion of the chickens. According to the general size of rapeseed grains, in the embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the die hole is 2-4 mm2. The specific shape of the cross section of the die hole is not limited, and the cross section of the die hole can be arranged in a square shape or a circular shape.
The screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder can act together with the sectional area of the die hole, so that the extrusion degree of rapeseeds passing through the die hole is influenced, when the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is low, the die hole is easy to block due to insufficient extrusion force of materials, and when the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is high, the shearing force is too large, so that the rapeseeds are easily subjected to excessive extrusion, and the loss of nutrients such as the rapeseeds is caused. Therefore, in order to prevent the loss of nutrients such as rapeseed oil due to the excessive extrusion of rapeseed, the rotation speed of the screw should be properly reduced without causing the blockage of the die hole.
The amount of water added to the rapeseed can have an effect on whether the extrusion process is blocked and on the residual rate of crude fat in the extrudate. When the amount of water added into the rapeseeds is small, the protein peptization effect is poor, micropores in the material are few, and the friction force applied to the material during extrusion is large, so that the blockage is easy to occur, and the nutrient loss of the rapeseed oil and the like caused by excessive extrusion is easy to occur; however, when the amount of water added to the rapeseed is too large, the air drying treatment is not facilitated, and thus the amount of water added to the rapeseed is not too large. Tests show that the mass fraction of water added to the rapeseeds is preferably between 14 and 16 percent, and preferably the mass fraction of water added to the rapeseeds is 15 percent. The set temperature of the third temperature zone is higher than the set temperatures of the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone, the set temperature of the third temperature zone can influence the curing degree of the extruded material, and in the prior art, the solubility of 0.2 percent KOH protein is usually used as an important index for measuring the heating degree of the oil cakes. With the increase of the heating temperature, the solubility of 0.2% KOH protein is gradually reduced, generally, the solubility of 0.2% KOH protein of the soybean meal is 70-85%, when the solubility of KOH protein is too high, the anti-nutritional factors are not completely inactivated, digestion is affected, and when the solubility of KOH protein is too low, amino acid and protein are denatured, and the utilization rate of nutritional ingredients is reduced. Experiments show that the set temperature of the third temperature zone is preferably 90-100 ℃. In addition, since there are myrosinase and glucosinolates in a state separated from each other within the whole rapeseed grains, pressing rapeseed may bring myrosinase into contact with glucosinolates, thereby generating toxic substances by catalyzing hydrolysis reaction of glucosinolates. Tests show that the activity of the myrosinase is reduced from 70 ℃, and the myrosinase can be completely inactivated within 2min at the temperature of 80-95 ℃, so that the temperature set in the third temperature zone of 90-100 ℃ is beneficial to inactivating the myrosinase, and toxic substances are avoided. In addition, the temperature range of 90-100 ℃ is favorable for thermal degradation of the glucosinolates, and when the materials are extruded out of a die hole, the materials are suddenly decompressed to initiate a stripping effect so as to promote volatilization and removal of volatile OZT, ITC and nitrile, thereby removing toxic substances.
The prior art also has a technical scheme of preparing the chicken and poultry feed by extruding and puffing rapeseeds. In the technical scheme of preparing the chicken feed by extruding and puffing rapeseeds, because proper extrusion and puffing process parameters are lacked in the prior art, loss of nutrients such as the rapeseeds and the like is easy to occur in the extrusion and puffing processes. Aiming at the technical problem of grease loss and the like, the common improvement scheme is that other materials with low oil content are added into rapeseeds, and then extrusion and expansion are carried out, so that the materials with low oil content absorb the grease. However, mixing the rapeseed with a material with low oil content, on the one hand, reduces the efficiency of pressing the rapeseed, and on the other hand, dilutes the nutrition of the pressed rapeseed.
Besides the technical proposal of preparing the feed for the chickens by crushing rapeseeds, the technical proposal of feeding the chickens by rapeseed dregs also exists in the traditional breeding industry. Because the effective energy value of the rapeseed dregs is low, oil and fat are required to be additionally added into the chicken feed containing the rapeseed dregs so as to improve the effective energy value of the chicken feed. Compared with the scheme, the technical scheme of the invention is beneficial to directly utilizing the grease contained in the rapeseeds and simplifying the manufacturing process of the poultry feed.
The traditional breeding industry also has the technical scheme that the rapeseed particles are directly utilized to feed the chickens. Although the diameter of the rapeseed particles is suitable for being directly eaten by chickens (the diameter of the rapeseed particles is usually about 2mm), the seed coats of the rapeseeds account for a high mass fraction (usually 14-20%) of the rapeseeds and have a large thickness (usually 26-28 um), so that if the chickens are directly fed with the rapeseeds, the chickens cannot easily digest nutrients such as grease contained in the rapeseed particles. Compared with the technical scheme, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that the rapeseed is extruded, so that the grease, protein and the like contained in rapeseed particles can be digested by chickens.
The invention also provides an extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken and poultry feed, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken and poultry feed.
The invention also provides a chicken feed which comprises the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the chicken feed. In order to facilitate the digestion of the chickens, the composite NSP enzyme can be added into the chicken feed. The seed coat and cotyledon of rapeseed contain NSP, the fowl can not secrete NSP enzyme, and since NSP is not digested, NSP can form a viscous environment in small intestine, thereby preventing nutrients in the extruded full-fat rapeseed, especially un-separated fat from contacting digestive enzymes secreted by digestive tract, and affecting digestion. Therefore, the addition of the compound NSP enzyme is beneficial to removing the wrapping effect of NSP on nutrients such as fat and the like, thereby promoting the digestion of the chickens. The present invention is not particularly limited to the components of the complex NSP enzyme, and a commercially available complex NSP enzyme may be selected as needed. Preferably, the dosage of the compound NSP enzyme is 0.1%, and the compound NSP enzyme is formed by mixing 1000U/g cellulase, 10000U/g pectinase, 10000U/g xylanase, 20000U/g glucanase, 10000U/g mannanase and the like in mass. Wherein, the cellulase, the pectinase, the xylanase, the glucanase and the mannase can be purchased in the market.
Application example 1:
the materials were prepared as follows: uniformly mixing the cleaned and decontaminated diadenin with water to be added, wherein the component content of the diadenin obtained by analysis is shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 canola fraction content
In this application example, the rapeseed was heated and extruded using a DS 32-III pilot Twin Screw Extruder (Twin-Screw Extruder, Jinan Saxin mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a full fat extrudate. The extrusion cavity of the DS 32-III test type double-screw extruder is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone for materials to sequentially pass through, and the set temperatures of the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone are 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ in sequence. And a circular die hole with the diameter of 2mm is arranged at the discharge end of the third cylinder section and used for extruding the material.
In the embodiment of the application, an orthogonal experimental design method is adopted, and L is selected9(34) Orthogonal table, using extrusion chamber temperature, amount of water added, and screw rotation speed as test factors, 9 sets of tests were performed, and the test conditions and results of the 9 sets of tests are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 Quadrature test conditions and results
In the above table, sensory observation was mainly conducted for the amount and state of the extrudate, whether clogging occurred during extrusion, whether fat was separated from the extrudate, and the condition of the rapeseed granules as they were remaining in the extrudate. The crude fat content in the extrudate was measured according to the regulations in determination of crude fat in feed (GB/T6433-2006), and the 0.2% KOH protein solubility was measured according to the regulations in appendix A of the feed Material Bean meal (GB/T19541-2017). The amount of rapeseed granules remaining in the extrudate as such was determined as follows: the remaining rapeseed in the form of complete grains remained as they were picked up from the extrudate by a predetermined weight, and the remaining rate of the complete grains was calculated by weighing the weight of the extrudate.
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the amount of water added to the rapeseed has an effect on whether the extrusion process is blocked and the retention of crude fat in the extrudate. The lower the amount of water added, the more likely clogging occurs and the more likely the grease separates from the extrudate by extrusion. The amount of water added to the rapeseed is preferably 15%, and a preferable range of the amount of water added to the rapeseed is 14% to 16% by more detailed experiments.
The set temperature of the third temperature zone can affect the curing degree of the extruded material. Typically, 0.2% KOH protein solubility is used as an important indicator of the extent to which the oilseed residue is heated. With the increase of the heating temperature, the solubility of 0.2% KOH protein is gradually reduced, generally, the solubility of 0.2% KOH protein of soybean meal is 70-85%, when the solubility of KOH protein is too high, the anti-nutritional factors are not completely inactivated, digestion is affected, and when the solubility of KOH protein is too low, amino acid and protein are generally denatured, and the utilization rate is reduced. As is clear from Table 2, the temperature set in the third temperature zone is preferably 90 to 100 ℃ from the 0.2% KOH protein solubility, and preferably 90 ℃ when the amount of water added to rapeseed is 15%.
As a result of the tests shown in Table 2, the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder, which is capable of cooperating with the sectional area of the die hole, affects the extent of extrusion of the rapeseed while passing through the die hole, and is preferably 262rpm in order to prevent clogging during the extrusion process and to prevent separation of the oil from the extrudate. Through more detailed experiments, the preferable range of the screw rotation speed is 204-292 rpm.
In combination with the above analysis, in the above 9 sets of experiments, the 3 rd set of experiment results was the best, i.e. the rapeseed raw material was not crushed or crushed, nor was added with foreign materials, the amount of water added to the rapeseed was 15%, the set temperature of the third temperature zone was 90 ℃, and the screw speed was 262rpm, the best test results were obtained. As proved by test detection, in the extrudate prepared by the parameters of the test in the group 3, the residue rate of the whole rapeseeds is influenced by the full degree of the used rapeseeds raw material particles, and is generally below 10 percent, so that the whole rapeseeds are beneficial to digestion and absorption of chickens.
To evaluate the digestion and absorption effects of the extruded whole fat rapeseed for poultry feed provided by the present invention, the extrudate obtained by processing according to the parameters of group 3 was further cooled and air-dried to obtain the extruded whole fat rapeseed for poultry feed, and both the 0.2% KOH protein solubility and the apparent metabolizable energy of the extruded whole fat rapeseed were evaluated:
in this application example, 3 batches were repeated to prepare extrudates processed according to set 3 parameters for 0.2% KOH protein solubility determination, resulting in a 0.2% KOH protein solubility of 76.82 + -2.87. In contrast to the extruded whole fat rapeseed, 3 batches of the crushed rapeseed were prepared by crushing the rapeseed with a hammer mill under a sieve having a mesh size of 2mm in this application example, and the obtained crushed rapeseed was subjected to 0.2% KOH protein solubility measurement, and the obtained 0.2% KOH protein solubility was 85.88 ± 3.25.
Therefore, compared with 0.2% potassium hydroxide protein solubility of crushed rapeseeds, the extruded full-fat rapeseeds for the chicken feed prepared by the scheme of the invention are reduced and are more cured, and the scheme of the invention is favorable for controlling the 0.2% potassium hydroxide protein solubility within 70-85% and is also more favorable for chicken digestion.
For the evaluation of the apparent metabolizable energy, the present application example carried out the following tests: 10 male broilers of 45 days old, about 2.5kg, were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, and the apparent metabolic energies of the crushed rapeseeds and the extruded full-fat rapeseeds were evaluated respectively in each group according to the technical rules for determining apparent metabolic energy of chicken feed by the strong feeding method for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of livestock and poultry feed (GB/T26437-2010). Wherein the crushed rapeseed and the extruded whole rapeseed are prepared using the same preparation method as when the 0.2% KOH protein solubility assay is performed. The extruded whole fat rapeseed had an apparent metabolizable energy of 15.24 + -1.06 MJ/kg and the crushed rapeseed had an apparent metabolizable energy of 13.21 + -1.46 MJ/kg, as assessed. It can be seen that the apparent metabolic energy of the extruded whole fat rapeseed is significantly higher than the apparent metabolic energy of the crushed rapeseed.
However, 1kg of the rapeseed contained about 0.65kg of rapeseed meal and 0.35kg of rapeseed oil, and according to the apparent metabolic energy values of the rapeseed meal and the rapeseed oil provided in the Chinese feed nutritive value Table of 7.41MJ/kg and 35.20MJ/kg, respectively, the apparent metabolic energy value of the extruded full-fat rapeseed was estimated to be 17.14 MJ/kg. The measured apparent metabolic energy of the extruded full-fat rapeseed is close to the estimated apparent metabolic energy of the extruded full-fat rapeseed, but because the rapeseed contains high content of soluble non-starch polysaccharide and wraps other nutrients such as fat, protein and the like, the digestion and absorption are influenced, and the like, and a difference exists between the measured apparent metabolic energy of the extruded full-fat rapeseed and the estimated apparent metabolic energy of the extruded full-fat rapeseed.
Application example 2:
in order to achieve the best utilization effect of the extruded full-fat rapeseed in the chicken feed, a feeding test is performed in the embodiment, and the effect of adding the NSP complex enzyme into the chicken feed containing the extruded full-fat rapeseed is evaluated through the egg laying condition and the digestion and absorption of the chicken.
The application example is tested, 270 healthy egg-laying hens in 22 weeks old and brown goods are randomly selected and divided into 3 groups, each group of 90 egg-laying hens is fed into a stacked three-layer five-door egg-laying hen cage, the size of a single cage is 40cm multiplied by 37cm multiplied by 33cm (length multiplied by depth multiplied by inner height), 3 eggs are raised in each cage, 15 eggs in each cage are repeated, and each group is 6 repeated. Daily management of illumination, immunity, insect repelling and the like of the test chicken is carried out according to the manual of raising management of positive and large brown laying hens, the test lasts for 6 weeks, and the laying hens are 28 weeks old. In the test process, powder feeding and manual feeding are carried out, wherein the feeding is carried out once in the morning and at night. Free food intake and free water drinking in the whole period. The 3 groups of chickens were fed with chicken feeds containing 7.5% rapeseed meal + 4% rapeseed oil, 11.5% extruded whole rapeseed and 11.5% extruded whole rapeseed plus NSP complex enzyme, respectively (the first group of chickens, the second group of chickens, and the third group of chickens were obtained in the following correspondence).
Wherein the extruded full-fat rapeseed is obtained by cooling and air-drying an extrudate processed according to the parameters of group 3, and the rapeseed meal and rapeseed oil used are purchased from the same oil mill as the rapeseed which is the raw material for preparing the extruded full-fat rapeseed. The nutrient water average of the 3 groups of chicken and poultry feeds is designed according to the chicken feeding standard (NY/T33-2004) and the positive brown laying hen feeding management manual, and the specific formula composition is shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 test Material composition and Nutrition level (air drying base)
Note: (1) the listed compound NSP enzyme is formed by mixing 1000U/g cellulase, 10000U/g pectinase, 10000U/g xylanase, 20000U/g glucanase, 10000U/g mannase and the like in mass.
(2) The premixes listed provide per kilogram of diet: VA 12000000 IU, VB 14 mg, VB 212 mg, VB 68 mg, VB120.016mg, VD36400IU, VE 24IU, VK 36mg, biotin 0.12mg, folic acid 0.8mg, D-calcium pantothenate 24mg, nicotinamide 36mg, antioxidant 100mg, Cu (copper sulfate) 20mg, Fe (ferrous sulfate) 120mg, Mn (manganese sulfate) 120mg, Zn (zinc sulfate) 88mg, I (potassium iodide) 1mg, and Se (sodium selenite) 0.30 mg.
(3) The nutrient level is calculated.
During the test period, egg production and egg weight were recorded in repeat units per day and feed was accumulated 1 time per week. Daily egg production (hen-day egg production), average egg weight (average egg weight), daily feed intake (average day feed intake) and feed-to-egg ratio (feed to egg, F/E) were calculated in units of repetition every 3 weeks.
To realize the determination of the nutrient retention of each group of feed by a titanium dioxide exogenous indicator methodRates, beginning at weeks 3 and 6 of entry into the test, 0.5% titanium dioxide (TiO) was added to the feed of each test group of chickens2) And (3) feeding the dry powder for 1 week after fully and uniformly mixing, collecting clean and fresh excrement every 3 hours by taking the repetition as a unit from the 5 th day, immediately storing the excrement in a freezer at the temperature of-20 ℃ after the collection is finished, and continuously collecting the excrement for 3 days. And pouring the collected and stored excrement into a porcelain dish, drying in a 65 ℃ oven, dampening at room temperature, crushing, uniformly mixing, and screening by a 0.425mm sieve to prepare an air-dried sample to be detected.
The contents of titanium dioxide indicator, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and other components in each group of feed and each group of repeated excrement are respectively measured, and the retention rate of each component is calculated according to the following formula:
nutrient retention rate (%) < 100 [ (] content of indicator in feed/content of indicator in excrement) × (content of nutrient in excrement/content of nutrient in feed) × 100 [ (]
The 3 groups of test results are represented by means +/-standard deviation, each index is subjected to significance test by using a univariate variance analysis program of SAS software, the indexes with significant differences are subjected to Duncan multiple comparison, p is less than 0.05, the differences are significant, and the analysis results of each index are shown in the following table:
TABLE 4 influence of three groups of diets on egg laying performance of layers
Note: in the above table, the superscripts on the right side of the same row have different letter representations, and the differences are not significant. The same applies below.
According to the table, from the average egg weight data and the feed-to-egg ratio data of 1-3 weeks, 4-6 weeks and the whole period, it can be seen that the average egg weight data of the first group and the third group are not significantly different, and the average egg weight data of the first group and the third group are higher than the average egg weight data of the second group. And the difference between the feed-egg ratio data of the first group and the feed-egg ratio data of the third group is not obvious, and the feed-egg ratio data of the first group and the feed-egg ratio data of the third group are lower than that of the second group. In addition, the daily egg laying rate and average daily feed intake of the three groups were not significantly different.
It is known that, although the equivalent amount of extruded full-fat rapeseed replaces rapeseed meal and rapeseed oil, the laying rate and average daily feed intake of laying hens are not affected, but the average egg weight and feed conversion efficiency are affected to a certain extent, which is probably because the apparent metabolic energy of the extruded full-fat rapeseed is lower than that of the rapeseed meal plus the rapeseed oil, the nutrients for the laying hens to synthesize eggs are reduced, the egg weight is reduced, and the feed-egg ratio is increased. In the third group, by adding the NSP complex enzyme, the decomposition and utilization of NSP are promoted, and the wrapping of nutrients such as fat and the like is removed, so that the conversion efficiency of the layer feed is improved, and the egg weight is improved. And the average egg weight and the feed-egg ratio of the third group and the first group are not obviously different, and the fact that the extruded full-fat rapeseed is used as the poultry feed does not generate toxic or side effect is also shown.
The nutrient retention rate of each group of feeds was determined by the titanium dioxide exogenous indicator method, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 5 influence of three groups of diets on the retention rate of layer feed nutrients
As can be seen from the above table, the crude fats in the first and third groups are approximately retained, but the crude fats in the second group are relatively low in retention, which is caused by the side effects of NSP as described above. According to the test results, the situation can be improved by feeding compound NSP enzyme, thereby improving the egg weight and the feed conversion efficiency. The retention rates of the crude fats of the first group and the third group are close to each other, and the preparation method of the extruded full-fat rapeseed for the poultry feed provided by the invention can prevent the separation and loss of the oil such as rapeseed oil from the materials in the process of extruding the rapeseed, and the digestion of the oil is not influenced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the above mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are only for describing and not representing the merits of the embodiments, and all the equivalents of the structure or equivalent flow transformation, or the direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of extruded full-fat rapeseed for chicken and poultry feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
extruding rapeseeds by using a double-screw extruder to obtain an extruded material, wherein the rapeseeds are double-low rapeseeds or common rapeseeds, and the double-screw extruder has the process parameters that 14-16% of water is added into the rapeseeds by mass, the rotating speed of the screws is 204-292 rpm, and the size of a die hole is 2-4 mm2The extrusion cavity is provided with a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone, the temperature of the first temperature zone is set to be 60 ℃, the temperature of the second temperature zone is set to be 80 ℃, the temperature of the third temperature zone is set to be 90-100 ℃, and the rapeseed raw material for preparing the poultry feed does not need to be crushed or crushed;
the resulting extrudate was cooled and air dried to obtain extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed.
2. The method of preparing extruded full fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed of claim 1 wherein, in the step of extruding the rapeseed using a twin screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the mass fraction of water added into rapeseeds is 15%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the set temperature of the third temperature zone is 90 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder was 262 rpm.
3. The method of preparing extruded full fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed of claim 1 wherein, in the step of extruding the rapeseed using a twin screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the cross section of the die hole is in a circular arrangement with the diameter of 2 mm; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the die hole is arranged in a square shape with the side length of 2 mm.
4. The method of preparing extruded full fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed of claim 1 wherein, in the step of extruding the rapeseed using a twin screw extruder to obtain an extrudate,
the twin-screw extruder is a DS 32-III test type twin-screw extruder manufactured by Jinan Saxin mechanical Co.
5. An extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed, characterized in that it is produced using the method of preparation of an extruded whole fat rapeseed for use in poultry feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A chicken feed comprising the extruded whole fat rapeseed of claim 5 for use in a chicken feed.
7. The chicken poultry feed of claim 6, wherein a complex NSP enzyme is added to the chicken poultry feed.
8. The chicken and poultry feed according to claim 7, wherein the composite NSP enzyme accounts for 0.05-0.1% of the chicken and poultry feed by mass, and is formed by mixing 1000U/g cellulase, 10000U/g pectinase, 10000U/g xylanase, 20000U/g glucanase, 10000U/g mannanase and the like by mass.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102273545A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | 上海红马饲料有限公司 | Rapeseed meal and its processing method, animal feed |
| CN105918637A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | High-performance high-efficiency concentrated feed for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102273545A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | 上海红马饲料有限公司 | Rapeseed meal and its processing method, animal feed |
| CN105918637A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | High-performance high-efficiency concentrated feed for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能及肠道酶活性的影响;程志斌，等;《饲料工业》;20110831;第32卷(第16期);27页左栏第3-6行，第1.1，1.3节，第30页第4节 * |
| 膨化菜籽对青脚麻鸡生产性能及器官的影响;舒刚，等;《饲料研究》;20110731(第7期);第52页左栏第1段，第1.2.1节 * |
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