CN108368969A - 复合材料容器防火系统 - Google Patents

复合材料容器防火系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108368969A
CN108368969A CN201680073786.7A CN201680073786A CN108368969A CN 108368969 A CN108368969 A CN 108368969A CN 201680073786 A CN201680073786 A CN 201680073786A CN 108368969 A CN108368969 A CN 108368969A
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net
tprd
overcover
tank
fire
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M·加格
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Quantum Fuel System Co Ltd
Quantum Fuel Systems LLC
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Quantum Fuel System Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/36—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position
    • F16K17/38—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature
    • F16K17/383—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature the valve comprising fusible, softening or meltable elements, e.g. used as link, blocking element, seal, closure plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0668—Constraints, e.g. by gauges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种用于复合材料外缠绕的压力容器的局部防火系统，其使用在至少在一个方向上伸展的网或网丝。它们可以是弹性体或聚合物或提供所述功能的任何材料和/或编织物。经由可燃熔断器保持在一起的缠绕节段连接到安全阀，该安全阀在来自网缠绕的压力下阻挡安全阀通路，以在发生局部火的情况下替换存储的气体。

Description

复合材料容器防火系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年11月23日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/258,978号的优先权，其中的内容在此被完整地并入，如同其在本文中被完整陈述。
技术领域
保护罐不受局部火的损害，该局部火可能在罐破裂之前不会被热激活泄压装置(TPRD)感测。
背景技术
燃料系统的耐火性能评估被限制为氢气和压缩天然气(CNG)燃料罐的耐火测试以及热激活泄压装置“TPRD”本身。根据NHTSA的报告，在2000年到2008年之间，已经有超过20次的车辆机载CNG燃料罐故障。这些故障的单个最大原因(超过50％)是火。这些CNG圆筒故障发生在OEM载客车辆上，也发生在OEM公交汽车。应注意局部火的影响在更长长度的圆筒上更明显，因为TPRD位置通常间隔很远。纤维缠绕或复合材料外缠绕压力容器(compositeoverwrapped pressure vessels，COPV)是高度敏感的(复合外壳的环氧基树脂在较高的温度下性能劣化)，从而由于局部火而快速劣化。快速激活泄压装置(PRD)对于所有这些燃料罐的保护至关重要，但历史的罐故障数据表明，这些装置没有被最佳地设计以减轻局部火的影响。
用于车辆的氢和CNG罐的防火目前依赖于TPRD的使用。大多数相关的标准(例如，NGV2)指定，这种热激活泄压装置应当只在暴露于高温时激活。如果罐只被部分填充，因为将不会到达激活所需的过量压力，因此不能使用PRD。
典型的TPRD可能被发现附连到在罐的一端或两端的阀。如各种CNG和氢罐标准的燃烧试验要求中所指定的，火的长度必须设置为1.65m以评估TPRD对于保护罐的效力。应注意目前的TPRD设计将只在它们暴露于过量热的情况下起作用，因此在罐上远离TPRD处发生的失火将不会激活这个装置。因此，在超过该长度(1.65m)的罐上，通常需要沿罐引入高压管道和附加的TPRD以确保在火堆内至少有一个TPRD。这通常导致增加的成本、重量，并且仍然没有可靠的三维防火系统。
发明内容
本文公开用于COPV免受局部火损害的三维保护系统的可靠、低成本、重量轻、低体积、快速动作的通气类型方法、系统以及装置的多个方面。所提及的用于个别罐的防火系统将最小化尝试和处理局部火状况发生的全部外部可能性的需要。系统至少具有多个网节段，该多个网节段在至少一个方向上可伸缩，该多个网节段经由围绕COPV罐的一个或更多个熔断丝链接，该网节段在罐的两端上锚定到开/关装置，诸如链接到PRD和/或TPRD的锚环，该锚环当经由局部火触发系统时的力差激活时启动安全阀。
网节段像袜子或套筒一样在罐上滑动和/或围绕罐缠绕。熔断丝沿罐的环向定向并且穿过网的节段编织。编织网的两端都锚定到COPV。近端是固定的并且远端是可移动的，其中致动器连接到TPRD。位于远端的作为致动器的锚环连接到张力调整螺栓，该张力调整螺栓进一步连接到来自TPRD的支柱或金属销。TPRD装置仅安装在靠近阀总成的一端。环将网中的张力负载转移到连接到TPRD线轴的销，并将其保持在关闭位置。一旦负载从网中释放，当局部火燃烧它时，热激活泄压装置(TPRD)线轴滑到打开位置并立即从罐释放加压气体并绕过先导式安全阀。
示例性实施方式的方面包括在着火期间释放复合材料容器中的加压燃料的方法，该方法包括用多个网遮盖物包围加压复合材料容器；将第一网遮盖物体锚定到压力容器的近端；经由一个或更多个温度敏感的熔断丝将额外的网遮盖物附着到第一网遮盖物；将压力容器的远端处的网遮盖物附着到致动器环；将致动器环连接到TPRD系统以压缩弹簧阀，该弹簧阀具有阻挡燃料的流体路径的线轴，以防止通道穿过TPRD，除非熔断器暴露在超过阈值水平的温度；以及，其中熔断器劣化并且释放网遮盖物之间的张力，从而释放致动器，该致动器从容器释放燃料。
附图说明
图1和图2阐明TRPD系统的方面。
图3阐明TRPD致动系统的方面。
图4阐明TRPD系统的时间序列。
图5A-图6B阐明TRPD系统的开/关致动的方面。
全部的内容、描述以及图中的编号通过该参考在此被并入，犹如其在本文中充分陈述。
具体实施方式
图1到图6B阐明带有可伸缩的网(netting)或网丝(mesh)系统20的燃料罐10(诸如金属罐或塑料罐或复合材料外缠绕压力容器“COPV”)，该网丝系统20由节段22A至节段22F形式的一系列网形成，节段22A至节段22F通过编织在网的节段之间的一个或多个易碎熔断线或熔断丝30保持在一起，从而将节段保持在一起，从而形成组合部分的网丝系统。罐可以是细长的。网或网丝20经由锚连接到TPRD，所述锚诸如在近端12处并被示出在COPV之上的环35，以及附连到配件38的COPV的远端14处的致动器环37，配件38可以是可调整张力螺栓39。在COPV的极性端43处的阀40(其在对COPV的内部的流体连接件41中)提供通往TPRD 50的流体路径。TPRD包含弹簧阀，该弹簧阀经由从网系统20施加到TPRD主体50的张力保持在关闭位置，直到并除非由网或网丝系统20提供的力减少/释放。
网节段或遮盖物可以按照圆形形状形成，诸如依照能够在圆柱形结构之上滑动的具有开口端的圆筒。
本领域普通技术人员将会认识到该系统可以在COPV的两端复制，其中网锚定到罐的中心，并且提供两侧镜像的系统，其中任何一个TPRD(位于远端和近端中的每个的TPRD)可以被激活。这种双重系统在本公开的范围内。这种设置将增加局部防火系统的可靠性。
所选的网材料应该能够在不激活TPRD的情况下随着内部压力的增加而伸展。应注意当填充到较高压力时，罐将会膨胀。在处理罐或如果掉落时，网不应撕裂；网应该便宜并且容易加工；应该能够针对不同的罐尺寸进行制造和安装。材料不应随时间而蠕变(creep)以及释放张力。如果通过测试进行确定，则网材料将随着时间显著地松弛；常规检验应被定义以保证防火系统的适当运行。需要针对可靠性和可重复性测试封装。最小的有关的火焰尺寸可以用于设计网的尺寸以及网上的熔断丝间隔以用于可靠性设计。网可以由坚硬的纤维(聚合物纤维)构成并且熔断丝30应当预先选定，以在预定的阈值温度下点燃。在一些情况下，可以选择熔断丝材料以在水下燃烧。本领域已知，诸如点燃导火线(igniter cords)的熔断材料可以具有用来提高机械强度的内芯。在需要提高熔断器30的机械强度的情况下，这种增强的熔断丝可以被使用，并且在本发明的范围内。
在TPRD中使用的O形环应该能够在快速卸燃料温度变化、存储气体兼容性和环境劣化期间维持燃料温度。
图4中阐明经由本文公开的系统和方法的方面的阀激活的序列。防火系统100包含带有TPRD设备的至少一个罐，当局部火500以点燃熔断丝30的最小水平在系统的一些位置附近时所述TPRD操作，其中熔断器在火31上并且当其燃烧时其成为劣化的断裂熔断器32，其中在相同的力下，其不再将节段22A到22F保持在一起，从而释放在TPRD/PRD主体50上的力，并且释放或清除存储气体600。
图5A-图6B阐明了防火系统100的操作。带有延伸支柱201的可移动线轴200经由环连接器202连接到张力调整螺栓39，该张力调整螺栓39附连到致动器环37。由系统100提供的力110将TRPD保持在关闭位置，其中线轴阻挡从阀40(形成PRD)到通气孔302的通道300。O型环或其他密封件204也附着到线轴200。在TPRD中，弹簧206插入在线轴200的底部207和TPRD/PRD主体50的底部208之间。网系统20连接到致动器环37，该致动器环37施加负载到线轴200并压缩弹簧206，该弹簧206将线轴200定位以阻挡流体通路300。可选地，定位构件(诸如低力圈状弹簧206’)可以放置在线轴上方以在弹簧206被压缩时帮助线轴在流体通路中定位。当致动器环37上的负载被释放时，弹簧上的力恢复并且线轴被向上推动并打开通路300并经由通气孔302释放存储气体。当熔断器劣化时发生释放，并且网的一个或更多个节段至少部分地与网的其他(多个)节段分离从而减少致动器上的力。
该系统的优点包括下列项中的一个或更多个：熔断丝在冲击下将不会点燃；将是防潮的(其涂有塑料)；将能够在水下燃烧；将不需要直接火焰点燃；并且温度高于150℃(在空气中)将足以燃烧熔断丝。
在一些情况下，组装的顺序包括，围绕罐缠绕网，使得一个或多个熔断丝30穿过网编织。编织网的两端将穿过放置在凸出部周围的金属环。致动器环37连接到张力调整螺栓39，该螺栓进一步连接到延伸支柱201。TPRD装置将安装在罐的一个极性端处的阀总成附近。环将网中的拉力负载传递到TPRD上，并且将TPRD保持在关闭位置。一旦负载从网被释放，当局部火燃烧它时，TPRD滑动到打开位置，并立即从罐释放加压气体，并绕过先导式安全阀(如果安装有TPRD系统)。
可以理解，在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下，公开的各个方面或细节可以进行更改、组合或移除。其不是详尽的，也不将要求保护的发明限制于所公开的精确形式。此外，上述描述只是为了说明，而不是为了限制。根据上述描述，修改和变更是可能的，或者可以从实践本发明中获得。权利要求书及其对等物限定本发明的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于加压气体燃料罐的火可激活泄压方法，所述方法包括：
用多个可伸缩网遮盖物(22A-22F)包围加压气体燃料罐或容器(10)，所述加压气体燃料罐或容器(10)在其远端(14)处具有进入到所述罐中的流体连接件以及阀(40)；
将第一遮盖物(22A)锚定到所述罐的一端(12)；
经由一个或更多个火和温度敏感熔断丝(30)将额外的网遮盖物(22B-22F)附着到所述第一遮盖物以形成网丝(20)；
将所述压力容器的所述远端(14)处的所述网遮盖物附着到致动器环(37)；
将所述致动器环连接到热激活泄压装置系统即TPRD系统(50)以压缩弹簧(206)；以及
与所述弹簧相关联的可移动线轴(200)在所述TPRD系统内移动以阻挡存储气体通过TPRD到大气的流体路径(300)，除非熔断器暴露在超出阈值水平的温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述罐用加压气体燃料填充。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述罐是复合材料外缠绕压力容器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中当所述罐被填充时，所述网在不激活所述致动器环的情况下伸展。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的方法，其中所述熔断器暴露在超出预定阈值的温度并劣化从而释放所述致动器并从所述TPRD清除燃料。
6.一种火激活易碎网系统，包含经由火和温度敏感熔断丝连接到彼此的可伸缩网遮盖物(22A-22F)，所述火和温度敏感熔断丝进出一个网遮盖物和相邻网遮盖物的所述网丝进行编织。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中所述网遮盖物通常是端部开口的网丝圆筒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述网遮盖物锚定在第一端，并连接到在第二端处的压力敏感阀。
9.根据权利要求7所述的系统，进一步包含：
具有近端(12)和远端(14)的复合材料外缠绕压力容器即COPV；
在所述远端(14)处的经由阀(40)进入到所述COPV中的流体连接件(41)；
流体连接到所述阀的热激活泄压装置即TPRD(50)；
锚定到所述近端的所述网遮盖物的第一端；
连接到致动器环(37)的所述网系统的第二端，所述致动器环连接到所述TPRD。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中所述熔断丝暴露在超出预定阈值的温度并且劣化，从而释放所述致动器环上的力，并允许在所述TRPD内的可移动线轴(200)打开流体通路以从所述COPV清除燃料。
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