CN108367668A - 用于商用车动力系统电气化的变速系统 - Google Patents

用于商用车动力系统电气化的变速系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108367668A
CN108367668A CN201680074472.9A CN201680074472A CN108367668A CN 108367668 A CN108367668 A CN 108367668A CN 201680074472 A CN201680074472 A CN 201680074472A CN 108367668 A CN108367668 A CN 108367668A
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vehicle
speed change
change system
countershaft
dynamotor
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Granted
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CN201680074472.9A
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CN108367668B (zh
Inventor
托马斯·J·斯托尔兹
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Eaton Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18072—Coasting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

一种变速系统，选择性地耦合到布置于车辆上的内燃发动机的发动机曲轴，包含变速器、电动发电机、主离合器和控制器。所述变速器包含输入轴、主轴、输出轴和从所述输入轴偏移的副轴。所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述第一输入轴和所述主轴。所述电动发电机选择性地耦合到所述副轴。所述主离合器包含连接到所述发动机曲轴的驱动部分和耦合到所述变速器输入轴且适于将所述驱动部分以摩擦方式接合在打开与关闭位置之间的被驱动部分。所述控制器在第一操作模式下选择性地操作所述变速系统，包含在所述车辆正基于车辆操作情况而移动时对所述发动机进行卸料；且通过所述副轴将旋转能从所述输出轴引导进入所述电动发电机。

Description

用于商用车动力系统电气化的变速系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年11月4日提交的美国临时申请第62/250,722号的优先权。以上申请的公开内容以引入的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开大体上涉及变速系统和用于操作耦合到变速系统的副轴的电动发电机的相关方法。
背景技术
车辆使用的自动式机械变速器(Automated mechanical transmission，AMT)系统在领域中已知。如所熟知，AMT包含离合器和一系列档位。所述AMT自动地执行换档。AMT可提供于包含长途运输车辆和大型建筑车辆的许多车辆上。燃料经济性法规正驱使对于长途运输和职业性车辆两者中的更高燃料效率的需要。
本文中提供的背景技术描述是为了大体上呈现本公开的上下文。在此背景技术部分中所描述的程度上，当前署名的发明人的工作以及在提交时不能作为现有技术的本说明书的各方面既不明确地也不隐含地被视为本公开的现有技术。
发明内容
一种变速系统，选择性地耦合到布置于车辆上的内燃发动机的发动机曲轴，包含变速器、电动发电机、主离合器和控制器。所述变速器包含输入轴、主轴、输出轴和从所述输入轴偏移的副轴。所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述第一输入轴和所述主轴。所述电动发电机选择性地耦合到所述副轴。所述主离合器包含连接到所述发动机曲轴的驱动部分和耦合到所述变速器输入轴且适于将所述驱动部分以摩擦方式接合在打开与关闭位置之间的被驱动部分。所述控制器在第一操作模式下选择性地操作所述变速系统，包含在所述车辆正基于车辆操作情况而移动时对所述发动机进行卸料；且通过所述副轴将旋转能从所述输出轴引导进入所述电动发电机。
根据额外特征，所述主离合器在第一操作模式下处于打开位置。行星齿轮组可耦合于副轴与电动发电机之间。集成式电动机驱动器和转换器可电连接到电动发电机。所述电动发电机可为12伏特发电机、24伏特发电机和48伏特发电机中的一个。
在其它特征中，集成式电动机驱动器和转换器包含三相逆变器。第一电池可电耦合到集成式电动机驱动器和转换器。所述第一电池可电耦合到车辆配件。所述车辆配件可包含冷却系统、空气压缩机和电功率转向装置中的至少一个。所述车辆操作情况包括来自全球定位系统、坡度传感器和车辆速度传感器中的至少一个的信号。
根据其它特征，所述控制器在第二操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第二操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器处于空档，所述电动发电机促进发动机启动。所述控制器可在第三操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第三操作模式下所述主离合器处于打开位置且所述变速器处于空档。所述控制器可在第四操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第四操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器挂上档，所述电动发电机在所述车辆正在巡航时为电池充电。
一种用于操作车辆中的自动式手动变速器系统的控制方法，所述车辆具有燃料经控制发动机，具有输入轴、输出轴和副轴的多速变速齿轮变速器和传动地插入于发动机与变速器的输入轴之间的主离合器。所述控制方法包含确定车辆操作情况。在所述车辆正基于车辆操作情况满足阈值而移动时，可使所述主离合器脱开接合且对所述发动机进行卸料。在对所述发动机进行卸料且所述车辆正在移动时，电动发电机可在第一操作模式下通过所述变速器的所述输出轴的旋转转矩耦合到所述变速器的副轴。
根据其它特征，所述车辆操作情况包含所述车辆正沿着行进的坡度。所述车辆操作情况可进一步包括车速。所述车辆操作情况可由全球定位系统(GPS)提供。可在通过集成式电动机驱动器和转换器驱动所述电动发电机时为车辆电池充电。可在对所述发动机进行卸料时通过电池将电力供应到车辆的电功率转向系统。
根据额外特征，可在第二操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第二操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器处于空档，所述电动发电机促进发动机启动。可在第三操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第三操作模式下所述主离合器处于打开位置且所述变速器处于空档。可在第四操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第四操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器挂上档，所述电动发电机在所述车辆正在巡航时为电池充电。
根据本公开的另一实例的一种变速系统，选择性地耦合到布置于车辆上的内燃发动机的发动机曲轴，包含变速器、交流发电机、主离合器和控制器。所述变速器包含输入轴、主轴、输出轴和从所述输入轴偏移的副轴。所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述第一输入轴和所述主轴。所述交流发电机选择性地耦合到所述副轴。所述主离合器包含连接到所述发动机曲轴的驱动部分和耦合到所述变速器输入轴且适于将所述驱动部分以摩擦方式接合在打开与关闭位置之间的被驱动部分。所述控制器在第一操作模式下选择性地操作所述变速系统，包含在所述车辆正基于车辆操作情况而移动时对所述发动机进行卸料；且通过所述副轴将旋转能从所述输出轴引导进入所述交流发电机。
附图说明
根据详细描述和附图，将更完全理解本公开，在附图中：
图1为根据本公开的一个实例的耦合到发动机的自动式机械变速系统的示意图，所述变速系统具有耦合到副轴的电动发电机；
图2为图1的且在第一操作模式下展示的自动式机械变速系统的示意性说明；
图3为图1的且在第二操作模式下展示的自动式机械变速系统的示意性说明；
图4为图1的且在第三操作模式下展示的自动式机械变速系统的示意性说明；以及
图5为图1的且在第四操作模式下展示的自动式机械变速系统的示意性说明。
具体实施方式
如从以下论述将了解，本公开替代来自传统“前端配件驱动器”(front endaccessory drive，FEAD)的车辆电力系统，所述驱动器驱动配件组件，例如电力充电系统(交流发电机)和驱动HVAC空调的压缩机。替代地，根据本公开的车辆电力系统由变速器副轴驱动。此配置在发动机关闭时实现滑行的新操作模式(发动机关闭滑行或EOC)，同时在发动机停止(经卸料)且车辆仍正移动时通过由车轮驱动充电系统而仍然提供电功率。
最初参考图1，AMT系统根据本公开的一个实例构建且被称为编号10。AMT系统10选择性地耦合到燃料经控制发动机12(例如，柴油发动机等)、多速变速齿轮变速器14和传动地插入于发动机12与变速器14的输入轴18之间的主离合器16。变速器14可属于复合类型，包括与分离器串联连接的主变速器部分和/或区域类型辅助部分。尤其如所使用，重型车辆的这种类型的变速器通常具有9、10、12、13、16或18个前进速度。变速器输出轴20从变速器14向外延伸且通常借助于传动轴24与车辆驱动轮轴22传动地连接。
主离合器16包含连接到发动机曲轴/飞轮26的驱动部分16A和耦合到变速器输入轴18且适于以摩擦方式接合驱动部分16A的被驱动部分16B。提供电子控制单元(electronic control unit，ECU)28以用于接收输入信号30且用于根据预定逻辑规则处理所述输入信号以将命令输出信号32发出到变速系统10。系统10还可包含用于感测发动机12的转速且提供指示其的输出信号(ES)的转速传感器34、用于感测输入轴16的转速且提供指示其的输出信号(IS)的转速传感器36和用于感测输出轴20的速度且提供指示其的输出信号(OS)的转速传感器38。主离合器16可响应于来自ECU 28的输出信号而由离合器致动器50控制。
变速器14具有一个或多个主轴部分40。主轴40与输入轴18同轴。变速器14具有第一副轴42和第二副轴44。副轴42和44从输入轴18和主轴40偏移。将副轴42和44说明为彼此偏移，然而在一些实例中，副轴42和44可与彼此同轴。输出轴20可与主轴40同轴。
通过轴承支撑第一副轴42以供通过变速器14壳体旋转。变速器14的第一副轴42具有副轴齿轮50、52、54、56和58。通过轴承支撑第二副轴44以供通过变速器14壳体旋转。变速器14的第二副轴44具有副轴齿轮60、62、64、66和68。变速器14的主轴40具有主轴齿轮70、72、74、76和78。主离合器16可选择性地将转矩传送到变速器14中。头戴式离合器84、第一滑动爪形离合器88和第二滑动爪形离合器90可如图2中所查看向左、向右移动以连接各种主轴齿轮70到78和副轴齿轮50到58和60到68以用于在变速器14内实现所需驱动齿轮和转矩路径。
主轴40的右手端可驱动地连接到太阳齿轮110。行星齿轮架112连接到输出轴20或与所述输出轴集成，所述输出轴通过驱动轮轴22可驱动地连接到车辆牵引轮。环形齿轮118接合由齿轮架112所承载的行星小齿轮120。
根据本公开的一个实例，电动发电机140可选择性地耦合到第二副轴44(或变速器动力输出装置(power take-off，PTO))。如本文中将了解，电动发电机140被配置成在两个相反模式下运行。在第一模式下，电动发电机140通过消耗电力以产生机械动力而充当电动机。在第二模式下，电动发电机140通过消耗机械动力以产生电力而充当发电机。在一个配置中，行星齿轮组合件144可耦合于第二副轴44与电动发电机140之间。行星齿轮组合件144可为具有太阳齿轮150的加速齿轮组合件。行星齿轮架152连接到第二副轴44或与所述第二副轴集成，所述第二副轴可驱动地连接到电动发电机140。环形齿轮156接合由齿轮架152所承载的行星小齿轮160。
仅借助于实例，电动发电机140可为6到20千瓦、24到48伏特的电动机。电动发电机140最终可被第二副轴44驱动且电连接到集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170。集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170可提供电压下转换和电池管理。在所提供的非限制性实例中，集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170可为24到48伏特三相逆变器。第一电池180可电连接到集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170。第二电池182可电连接到集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170。第一电池180可为24到48伏特的电池，其为车辆的各种电池供电的组件184供电，例如混合冷却系统、暖通空调(heating ventilation and air conditioning，HVAC)、空气压缩机、动力转向器和其它组件。虽然以上描述是针对24和48伏特的实施方案而设置，但在其它实例中，电动发电机和相关组件可被配置成用于12伏特操作。另外，在其它实例中，变速系统10可在仅发电模式下并入交流发电机而不需要集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170。在图式中，特征140将为交流发电机。应了解，变速系统10可仅使用交流发电机使得可在第二副轴44正减速且未加速的情况下进行惯性刹车和同步。
可通过将电动发电机140安装到变速器14的副轴44而实现各种优点。在一个操作模式下，如下文将更详细地描述，可在车辆仍在移动或滑行时(EOC)关闭(卸料)发动机且电动发电机140正重新发电，从而导致高达百分之三的燃料效率提高。在其它优点中，电池180和/或182可安装在集成式电动机驱动器和转换器170附近的发动机舱中，从而优于常规安装配置减小电池电缆长度。此外，可排除变速系统10的各种组件，包含但不限于启动器、交流发电机、液压动力转向器、同步器和变速器惯性制动器。在这点上，可实现显著重量减轻。在一些布置中，变速系统10可被配置成用于具有电动转向器的车辆上。
控制器28可在各种操作模式下操作变速系统10。在第一模式下，控制器28在变速器14挂上档的情况下在打开情况下操作主离合器16。在第一模式或EOC(图2)下，控制器28在车辆正基于车辆操作情况而移动时关闭发动机12或对发动机12进行卸料且通过第二副轴44将旋转能从输出轴20引导进入电动发电机140。根据各种实例，车辆操作情况可包含与全球定位系统(GPS)信号、坡度传感器信号和车辆速度传感器信号中的至少一个相关的输入信号30。如可了解，当车辆正下坡行进时在第一模式下运行变速系统10将是有利的。可例如从GPS信号和/或坡度传感器获得高度变化。如本文中所使用，“坡度”用于表示相对于车辆正沿着行进的水平面的倾斜。
在第二模式(图3)下，控制器28在变速器14处于空档的情况下在关闭情况下操作主离合器16。在第二模式下，控制器28可促进发动机启动和空闲产生。在这点上，电动发电机140可将旋转输入提供到发动机中以促进发动机启动。在第三模式(图4)下，控制器28在打开情况下和变速器14处于空档情况下操作主离合器16。所述第三模式可用于同步和惯性制动器。在第四模式(图5)下，控制器28在关闭情况下和变速器14挂上档情况下操作主离合器16。所述第四模式可用于正常巡航和发电。
已出于说明和描述的目的而提供了对实例的前述描述。所述描述并非旨在是穷尽性的或限制本公开。具体实例的个别元素或特征通常不限于所述具体实例，但是在可适用时可互换并且可用于所选择的实例，即使未具体地展示或描述。具体实例的个别元素或特征还可以多种方式变化。此类变化不应视为脱离本公开，且所有此类修改都旨在包含于本公开的范围内。

Claims (22)

1.一种变速系统，选择性地耦合到布置于车辆上的内燃发动机的发动机曲轴，所述变速系统包括：
变速器，具有输入轴、主轴、输出轴和从所述输入轴偏移的副轴，所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述第一输入轴和所述主轴；
电动发电机，选择性地耦合到所述副轴；
主离合器，包含连接到所述发动机曲轴的驱动部分和耦合到所述变速器输入轴且适于将所述驱动部分以摩擦方式接合在打开与关闭位置之间的被驱动部分；以及
控制器，在第一操作模式下选择性地操作所述变速系统，包含在所述车辆正基于车辆操作情况而移动时对所述发动机进行卸料；且通过所述副轴将旋转能从所述输出轴引导进入所述电动发电机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速系统，其中所述主离合器在所述第一操作模式下处于所述打开位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速系统，进一步包括耦合于所述副轴与所述电动发电机之间的行星齿轮组。
4.根据权利要求3所述的变速系统，进一步包括电连接到所述电动发电机的集成式电动机驱动器和转换器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速系统，其中所述电动发电机为12伏特、24伏特和48伏特电动机中的一个。
6.根据权利要求4所述的变速系统，其中所述集成式电动机驱动器和转换器包含三相逆变器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的变速系统，进一步包括电耦合到所述集成式电动机驱动器和转换器的第一电池，所述第一电池电耦合到车辆配件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变速系统，其中所述车辆配件包括冷却系统、空气压缩机和电功率转向系统中的至少一个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的变速系统，其中所述车辆操作情况包括来自全球定位系统、坡度传感器和车辆速度传感器中的至少一个的信号。
10.根据权利要求1所述的变速系统，其中所述控制器在第二操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第二操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器处于空档，所述电动发电机促进发动机启动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的变速系统，其中所述控制器在第三操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第三操作模式下所述主离合器处于打开位置且所述变速器处于空档。
12.根据权利要求11所述的变速系统，其中所述控制器在第四操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第四操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器挂上档，所述电动发电机在所述车辆正在巡航时为电池充电。
13.一种用于操作车辆中的自动式手动变速器系统的控制方法，所述车辆具有燃料经控制发动机，具有输入轴、输出轴和副轴的多速变速齿轮变速器和传动地插入于所述发动机与所述变速器的所述输入轴之间的主离合器，所述控制方法包括：
确定车辆操作情况；
在所述车辆基于满足阈值的所述车辆操作情况而移动时，使所述主离合器脱开接合且对所述发动机进行卸料；以及
在对所述发动机进行卸料且所述车辆正在移动时，在第一操作模式下通过由所述变速器的所述输出轴提供的旋转转矩驱动耦合到所述变速器的副轴的电动发电机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其中所述车辆操作情况为所述车辆正沿着行进的坡度。
15.根据权利要求14所述的控制方法，其中所述车辆操作情况进一步包括车速。
16.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其中所述车辆操作情况由全球定位系统(GPS)提供。
17.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，进一步包括在通过集成式电动机驱动器和转换器驱动所述电动发电机时为车辆电池充电。
18.根据权利要求17所述的控制方法，进一步包括在对所述发动机进行卸料时通过所述电池为所述车辆的电功率转向系统供电。
19.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，进一步包括在第二操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第二操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器处于空档，所述电动发电机促进发动机启动。
20.根据权利要求19所述的控制方法，进一步包括在第三操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第三操作模式下所述主离合器处于打开位置且所述变速器处于空档。
21.根据权利要求20所述的变速系统，进一步包括在第四操作模式下选择性地且替代地操作所述变速系统，在所述第四操作模式下所述主离合器处于关闭位置且所述变速器挂上档，所述电动发电机在所述车辆正在巡航时为电池充电。
22.一种变速系统，选择性地耦合到布置于车辆上的内燃发动机的发动机曲轴，所述变速系统包括：
变速器，具有输入轴、主轴、输出轴和从所述输入轴偏移的副轴，所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述第一输入轴和所述主轴；
交流发电机，选择性地耦合到所述副轴；
主离合器，包含连接到所述发动机曲轴的驱动部分和耦合到所述变速器输入轴且适于将所述驱动部分以摩擦方式接合在打开与关闭位置之间的被驱动部分；以及
控制器，在第一操作模式下选择性地操作所述变速系统，包含在所述车辆正基于车辆操作情况而移动时对所述发动机进行卸料；且通过所述副轴将旋转能从所述输出轴引导进入所述交流发电机。
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