CN108366847B - 用于制造纤维嵌芯的cad/cam可加工圆盘 - Google Patents

用于制造纤维嵌芯的cad/cam可加工圆盘 Download PDF

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CN108366847B
CN108366847B CN201680072236.3A CN201680072236A CN108366847B CN 108366847 B CN108366847 B CN 108366847B CN 201680072236 A CN201680072236 A CN 201680072236A CN 108366847 B CN108366847 B CN 108366847B
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preform
fibers
cad
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support
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CN108366847A (zh
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P-L·雷诺
M-Q·楚
M·冈萨雷斯
C·拉容
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Recherches Techniques Dentaires - Rtd Ste
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    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于CAD/CAM加工装置的预成型件，所述预成型件具有上表面和下表面，其中至少一个单元由复合材料填充以通过CAD/CAM加工，所述材料包括嵌入交联聚合物基体中的长的单向纤维。

Description

用于制造纤维嵌芯的CAD/CAM可加工圆盘
本发明的目的是一种预成型件或支撑件，优选一种用于CAD/CAM加工装置的标准化圆盘，或更通常地一种用于制造纤维嵌芯(榫和芯复原(core restoration))的CAD/CAM加工支撑件，特别地为榫和植入(邻接)螺钉。它还涉及一种用于制造所述支撑件的方法。额外的目的是通过CAD/CAM获得的嵌芯、螺栓和植入螺钉。
本发明将在下文对嵌芯进行描述。
嵌芯是由安装在基台上的榫形成的单块。它由金属制成，很少是陶瓷制成的。它是单块，这就是为什么它被称为“单块”(芯)。因此它是由相同的材料组成的。嵌芯用于支撑牙齿(特别是牙冠)的外部重建。
用于制造嵌芯的金属合金通常是不锈钢，有时是半贵金属。他们的主要缺点是它们受到化学或电化学侵蚀。它们的弹性模量也大于牙本质的弹性模量，随着时间的推移，其会导致嵌芯退化。因此，在根尖感染的情况下，重新进入根管以去除嵌芯是困难的。因此，在根尖感染的情况下，很难重新进入牙根管以去除嵌芯。
在制造过程中，嵌芯可以通过CAD/CAM加工金属合金或陶瓷的预成型件来获得。它也可以在牙科实验室中通过失蜡铸造获得。
为了克服使用金属中发现的缺点，申请人已经开发了使用复合纤维的榫，在其周围从业者可以使用聚合物树脂形成芯重建。芯必须粘在榫上，产生一个额外的界面，从业者必须完美掌握。然后，芯重建填补了牙齿留下的空白空间，并用来支撑实际的牙冠。这种类型的结构是嵌芯的替代品，除了材料类型之外，不同之处在于它是用2块而不是1块制造的。
文献FR-A-2588181和EP-A-432 001中描述了由复合纤维制造的榫。所述榫形成玻璃或碳，更通常地为具有高机械特性的任何材料的长的单向纤维。所述纤维占榫体积的60-70％。纤维在生物相容的热固性树脂(特别是环氧树脂或聚环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯、丙烯酸树脂或甲基丙烯酸树脂)的基体中通过拉挤成型清洁。
拉挤成型用于形成直径在2至5毫米之间的杆。一旦交联并重新冷却，杆就会加工成所需的形状。
接下来，从业者将榫调整到所需的长度并用复合糊剂填充牙齿留下的间隙。
目前还没有用于制造单块复合纤维嵌芯的方法，即由嵌入在聚合物基体中的单向纤维制成的嵌芯。CAD/CAM的使用是理想的，但还没有完善的技术。
使用CAD/CAM(计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造)加工牙科假体，特别是牙冠和桥，是众所周知的。该技术已经描述于文献EP040165B1中。这一技术从那时起已经发展，无论是在CAD/CAM材料中，还是在预成型件的组成上。文献WO2010/109496描述了一种复合材料的预成型件，该复合材料通过添加嵌于聚合物基体中的平行纤维网而形成。该网在预成型件的整个厚度上分开，并且各自通过横丝重新粘合。预成型件用于制备牙冠。根据一个基本特征，该网以特定的模式旋转，纬纱沿与经纱不同的方向进行。所述预成型件是有缺点的，因为它不能用于加工嵌芯，这是由于复合材料的机械阻力不足。
文献US2002/086266A1描述了一种复合材料的预成型件，该预成型件可以使用CAD/CAM进行加工。它用于制造牙冠、桥、榫、嵌体等。该文献没有提到嵌芯。为了制造榫，预成型件呈现杆的形式，选择的直径与牙根管的直径相对应。在这些条件下，目前的CAD/CAM不适用于预成型件，其尺寸可以容纳标准直径为98mm的圆盘形预成型件。
文献US2003/0176126描述了由挤出的细丝组成的纤维单片材料。所述细丝是通过挤出含有聚合物粘合剂的粉末混合物获得的芯/鞘结构。然后以各种方式将细丝彼此结合，甚至编织形成束。然后将获得的复合材料施加到材料的表面以改善硬度。
设计本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种可通过CAD/CAM加工来制造嵌芯复合纤维、榫或植入螺钉的预成型件。
一种解决方案是制造一种直径为98mm的纤维复合材料杆形式的预成型件。这不是一个解决方案，因为它在经济上不可行。实际上，为了制造含有60％至70％(体积百分比)纤维的杆，要达到98mm的直径所需要的纤维线圈数量太大—约10820个纬纱纤维。
申请人具有将部分嵌入在聚合物基体中的单向纤维杆整合到设置在支撑件上的适当单元中的想法。
更确切地说，本发明的目的是一种用于CAD/CAM加工工具的支撑件或预成型件，所述预成型件具有上表面和下表面且包括至少一个填充有复合材料的单元以通过CAD/CAM加工，所述材料包含嵌入在交联聚合物基体中的长的单向(UD)纤维。
具体地，所述复合材料包含至少80％，优选至少90％，更优选100％的长的UD纤维，即纤维彼此平行。
在优选的构造方法中，所述复合材料包含至少80％，优选至少90％，更优选100％的长UD纤维，所述纤维相对于支撑件的上表面和下表面垂直定位在基体中。
进一步地，在说明书和权利要求书中，术语“预成型件”和“支撑件”是互换使用的以指定本发明的目的。
换言之，本发明由加工杆组成，特别是通过拉挤成型，优选圆形，所述加工杆由聚合物基体中的UD纤维杆形成。然后将杆切成几块并放置在支撑件的圆形单元中。具体地，支撑件是圆盘的形式，圆盘的尺寸与标准CAD/CAM圆盘的尺寸相对应。具体地，这是一个直径为98mm的圆盘。因此它适用于当前的机器。
在特定的实施方案中，所述预成型件仅包含一个单元。在这些条件下，所述预成型件为平行六面体形状，14x 14平方且长18mm。
因此可以使用来自适当的预成型件的CAD/CAM来制造纤维复合材料嵌芯。
此外，在说明书中，“部分或杆部分”的表述用于指填充各单元的复合纤维材料。这种材料将被加工为嵌芯、榫或植入螺钉。
本发明还涉及包含嵌入交联聚合物基体中的长纵向单向纤维(UD)的嵌芯复合纤维。CAD/CAM可以用于加工所述嵌芯。就申请人所知，使用CAD/CAM获得的用于由如上所述的复合材料制成的预成型件的嵌芯从未被提出过。榫和植入螺钉也是如此。
当然，基于所使用的CAD/CAM设备和它们的发展，支撑件可以是除圆柱形以外的形式。同样，这些部分可以是正方形、矩形和基于所使用部分的任何几何形状。该单元尺寸当然也将基于杆和待加工的产品：嵌芯、榫或螺钉。该单元的直径为3至18mm，优选20mm，有利地，厚度为10至24mm，优选为约16mm。
杆通常将填充每个单元的100％的体积。
有利地，所述各单元邻接所述支撑件的每个面，使得复合材料被吸引到每个面。所述特性，结合所述单元的整个体积被复合材料填充的事实，允许对称的支撑件，其可以用于任何目的，从而便于从业者的工作。
所述单元当然也可以分开，并与底部适合。在这些条件下，所述支撑件只能在接近加工工具的方向上使用。后者将会或不会接近复合材料，取决于覆盖各单元的支撑件的厚度。
所述的支撑件可以是中空的。在这种情况下，各单元具有连接支撑件上下表面的侧壁。优选为由塑料制成。
有利地，所述的支撑件是满的，也就是说，支撑件沿整个厚度以及每个单元之间是由热塑性或热固性树脂制成的。
根据一个基本特征，所述杆在各单元内，必须保持在固定位置。一旦开始加工，它们就不能移动，以避免改变通过软件编程的嵌芯、榫或螺钉的形式。
任何方法都可以用来确保对部分或杆部分的支撑。
在第一实施方案中，它们可以强制插入直径略小的单元中。
在另一个实施方案中，用粘合剂层将杆部分粘合到全部或部分单元壁上。这是在形成基体的树脂和形成支撑件的树脂不相同或不相容时完成的。
在一个优选实施方案中，有利地，当制造时，形成支撑件的塑料在适合的模具内围绕杆部分倾倒。为了将杆固定到各单元中，形成纤维和支撑件嵌入其中的基体的材料是相同的或相容的。它们是本领域技术人员根据所需性能选择的。
在所有情况下，它是从包括PMMA、TEGDMA、BISGMA、BDMA、HDDMA、UDMA、环氧树脂和乙烯酯的热固性树脂的组或者是特别是PC、POM、PU的热塑性树脂的组中选择的树脂。
所述的纤维选自如E、R、S、AR和XRO纤维，特别是二氧化硅(石英)的玻璃纤维的组。
有利地，长纤维的比例为聚合物基体体积的40-80％，优选60-70％，所述基体填充至100％。
如前所述，支撑件首先且最重要地用于制造嵌芯。但是，它也可以用来制作榫或植入螺钉。所有这些结构显示了之前描述的关于纤维类型、基体和纤维体积的所有特征。
本发明的目的还是一种用于制造如上所述的支撑件的方法。
所述方法包括以下步骤：在模具中，
○对由嵌入交联聚合物基体中的长纵向单向纤维形成的圆柱体或杆部分进行定位，
○在各圆柱体之间注入树脂，
○交联所述树脂，
○从模具中取出由交联树脂形成的含有杆部分的支撑件。
如前所述，有利地选择支撑件树脂，以便在不添加粘合剂的情况下对杆进行设置。
优选地，所述模具为圆形的，直径约98mm，厚度约10-24mm，优选约16mm。
本发明还涉及之前描述的支撑件的用途，用于从填充各单元的复合材料制造通过CAD/CAM加工的嵌芯、榫或植入螺钉。
根据附图所支持的以下实施例，本发明和所带来的益处将变得清楚。
图1是本发明所述的支撑件的透视图。
通过拉挤成型制造包含按重量81％(按体积64％)单向玻璃纤维AR和19％环氧树脂基体的杆。杆直径为12mm。杆被切成16mm段。
如标记的，30个12mm杆部分或19个14mm部分被安置于直径为98mm和厚度为16mm的模具中。
然后将与过氧化物基催化剂冷聚合的丙烯酸树脂倒入模具中。
最后，将支撑件从模具中取出。这包括由杆部分填充的各单元。然后CAD/CAM将圆盘插入到加工设备中。为了便于在CAD/CAM机器中进行索引，标记杆的每个部分。然后CAD/CAM对每个部分进行加工以获得嵌芯、榫、或甚至植入螺钉。这些结构由复合纤维制成，其中，纤维为纵向和单向的。
由此得到的支撑件如图1所示。它构成了以圆盘形式示出的支撑件本身(1)，其23个单元中的每一个都填充有杆部分(2)。杆的每个部分是通过CAD/CAM加工的。根据各杆的直径，圆盘可以包含更多的单元。
本发明及其优点在之前的说明书中清楚地看到。这对于本领域技术人员而言是一个非限制性的实施例。由此表明，复合纤维的嵌芯可以使用CAD/CAM制造。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于CAD/CAM加工装置的预成型件，所述预成型件具有上表面和下表面且包括至少一个填充有复合材料的单元以通过CAD/CAM加工，所述复合材料包括至少80％体积嵌入交联聚合物基体中的纵向取向的单向纤维，所述纤维垂直于支撑件的上下表面放置在基体中，且围绕至少一个单元的预成型件中的材料包括树脂但不包括纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述至少一个单元邻接所述支撑件的每个表面，且其中所述各单元的整个体积被所述复合材料填充。
3.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述各单元为圆柱形的。
4.如权利要求3所述的预成型件，其特征在于，它们的直径为3至20mm，且厚度为10至24mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述支撑件为圆盘形。
6.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，构成所述聚合物基体和所述支撑件的材料是相同或相容的，并且从包含PMMA、TEGDMA、BISGMA、BDMA、HDDMA、UDMA、环氧树脂和乙烯酯的热固性树脂的组或PC、POM、PU的热塑性树脂的组中选择。
7.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述纤维选自包含玻璃纤维E、R、S、AR和XRO、二氧化硅、石英的组。
8.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述纤维占所述聚合物基体体积的40-80％，聚合物基体填充至100％体积。
9.一种用于制造如权利要求1-8中任一项所述预成型件的方法，其特征在于，在模具中：
○对由嵌入交联聚合物基体中的纵向取向的单向纤维构成的圆柱体进行定位，
○在各圆柱体之间注入树脂，
○交联所述树脂，
○从模具中取出由交联树脂形成的包括杆部分的预成型件。
10.由嵌入交联聚合物基体中的纵向取向的单向(UD)纤维构成的嵌芯复合纤维。
11.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的预成型件的用途，用于从填充各单元的复合材料制造通过CAD/CAM加工的嵌芯、榫或植入螺钉。
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